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Althumayri M, Das R, Banavath R, Beker L, Achim AM, Ceylan Koydemir H. Recent Advances in Transparent Electrodes and Their Multimodal Sensing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405099. [PMID: 39120484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the recent advancements in transparent electrodes and their crucial role in multimodal sensing technologies. Transparent electrodes, notable for their optical transparency and electrical conductivity, are revolutionizing sensors by enabling the simultaneous detection of diverse physical, chemical, and biological signals. Materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, which offer a balance between optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, are at the forefront of this development. These electrodes are integral in various applications, from healthcare to solar cell technologies, enhancing sensor performance in complex environments. The paper addresses challenges in applying these electrodes, such as the need for mechanical flexibility, high optoelectronic performance, and biocompatibility. It explores new materials and innovative techniques to overcome these hurdles, aiming to broaden the capabilities of multimodal sensing devices. The review provides a comparative analysis of different transparent electrode materials, discussing their applications and the ongoing development of novel electrode systems for multimodal sensing. This exploration offers insights into future advancements in transparent electrodes, highlighting their transformative potential in bioelectronics and multimodal sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Althumayri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ritu Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ramu Banavath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Levent Beker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Alin M Achim
- School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Kong L, Li W, Zhang T, Ma H, Cao Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Shamim A, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Wireless Technologies in Flexible and Wearable Sensing: From Materials Design, System Integration to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400333. [PMID: 38652082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunqiang Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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Wang Z, Xiao X, Wu W, Zhang X, Pang Y. Ultra-conformal epidermal antenna for multifunctional motion artifact-free sensing and point-of-care monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116150. [PMID: 38422815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Accurate acquisition of physiological and physical information from human tissue is essential for health monitoring, disease prevention and treatment. The existing antennas with traditional rigid or flexible substrates are susceptible to motion artifacts in wearable applications due to the miniaturization limitation and lack of proper adhesion and conformal interfaces with the skin. Recent advances in wearable radio frequency (RF) bioelectronics directly drawn on the skin are a promising solution for future skin-interfaced devices. Herein, we present a first-of-its kind epidermal antenna architecture with skin as the antenna substrate, which is ultra-low profile, ultra-conformal, ultra-compact, and simple fabrication without specialized equipment. The radiation unit and ground of antenna are drawn directly on the skin with the strong adhesion and ultra conformality. Therefore, this RF device is highly adaptable to motion. As a proof-of- feasibility, epidermal antenna can be freely drawn on demand at different locations on the skin for the development of temperature sensor, skin hydration sensor, strain sensor, glucose sensor and other devices. An epidermal antenna-based temperature sensor can offer accurate and real-time monitoring of human body temperature changes in the ultra-wideband (UWB) range. The results during the monitoring of hydration level with and without stretching show that the epidermal antenna drawn on the skin is motion artifact-free. We also designed an epidermal antenna array employing a horseshoe-shaped configuration for the precise identification of various gestures. In addition, the non-invasive blood glucose level (BGL) monitoring results during the in-vivo experiments report high correlation between the epidermal antenna responses and BGLs, without any time hysteresis. After the prediction of BGL by BP network, all the predicted BGL values are fallen 100% into the clinically acceptable zones. Together, these results show that epidermal antenna offers a promising new approach for biosensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wenqi Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanwei Pang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Kwon HJ, Kim GU, Lim C, Kim JK, Lee SS, Cho J, Koo HJ, Kim BJ, Char K, Son JG. Sequentially Coated Wavy Nanowire Composite Transparent Electrode for Stretchable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13656-13667. [PMID: 36857324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in fabricating stretchable and transparent electrodes have led to various techniques for establishing next-generation form-factor optoelectronic devices. Wavy Ag nanowire networks with large curvature radii are promising platforms as stretchable and transparent electrodes due to their high electrical conductivity and stretchability even at very high transparency. However, there are disadvantages such as intrinsic nonregular conductivity, large surface roughness, and nanowire oxidation in air. Here, we introduce electrically synergistic but mechanically independent composite electrodes by sequentially introducing conducting polymers and ionic liquids into the wavy Ag nanowire network to maintain the superior performance of the stretchable transparent electrode while ensuring overall conductivity, lower roughness, and long-term stability. In particular, plenty of ionic liquids can be incorporated into the uniformly coated conducting polymer so that the elastic modulus can be significantly lowered and sliding can occur at the nanowire interface, thereby obtaining the high mechanical stretchability of the composite electrode. Finally, as a result of applying the composite film as the stretchable transparent electrode of stretchable organic solar cells, the organic solar cell exhibits a high power conversion efficiency of 11.3% and 89% compared to the initial efficiency even at 20% tensile strain, demonstrating excellent stretching stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kwon
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Kyeong Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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Chang HS, Feng P, Lyu Y, Lin CC. Accelerated and outdoor weathering of silver nanowire transparent conductors under electrical stress in pseudo-modules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:15LT01. [PMID: 34972097 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In realistic applications, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are encapsulated in optoelectrical devices to function as transparent conductors and electrodes. Environmental stressors along with the essential electrical stress are inevitably harmful to the AgNWs inside the devices. Herein, to investigate the degradation behavior discrepancy between materials-level and device-level tests, we adopted pseudo-module to mimic the encapsulation. The pseudo-module allows the application of electrical stress and facilitates the interim specimen access for materials characterization through assembly-disassembly. Indoor accelerated and outdoor weathering tests with applied electrical stress to the pseudo-module encapsulated AgNW networks were performed. The impaired optoelectrical properties and morphological changes of AgNWs due to multiple or individual stressor(s) are investigated. Results indicate UVA exposure at elevated temperature coupled with electrical stress is responsible for the electrical failure of AgNW networks. Sulfidation that depresses optical transparency of AgNW networks is prone to occur at lower temperature. This work provides unambiguous degradation behaviors of AgNWs inside encapsulants, helping to improve the design of AgNWs related optoelectrical devices in the applications of solar irradiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Shuo Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Pan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Lyu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiao-Chi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
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Abd El-Hameed AS, Afifi AI, Darwish MA, Alex T. Nanomaterials for Antenna Applications. SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES 2022:297-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-6819-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Characterization of Silver Nanowire Layers in the Terahertz Frequency Range. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237399. [PMID: 34885553 PMCID: PMC8658758 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thin layers of silver nanowires are commonly studied for transparent electronics. However, reports of their terahertz (THz) properties are scarce. Here, we present the electrical and optical properties of thin silver nanowire layers with increasing densities at THz frequencies. We demonstrate that the absorbance, transmittance and reflectance of the metal nanowire layers in the frequency range of 0.2 THz to 1.3 THz is non-monotonic and depends on the nanowire dimensions and filling factor. We also present and validate a theoretical approach describing well the experimental results and allowing the fitting of the THz response of the nanowire layers by a Drude–Smith model of conductivity. Our results pave the way toward the application of silver nanowires as a prospective material for transparent and conductive coatings, and printable antennas operating in the terahertz range—significant for future wireless communication devices.
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100888. [PMID: 32987793 PMCID: PMC7598725 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions.
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Sun J, Li Y, Liu G, Chen S, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chu F, Song Y. Fabricating High-Resolution Metal Pattern with Inkjet Printed Water-Soluble Sacrificial Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22108-22114. [PMID: 32320207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The metal pattern plays a crucial role in various optoelectronic devices. However, fabrication of high-resolution metal patterns has serious problems including complicated techniques and high cost. Herein, an inkjet printed water-soluble sacrificial layer was proposed to fabricate a high-resolution metal pattern. The water-soluble sacrificial layer was inkjet printed on a polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) surface, and then the printed surface was deposited with a metal layer by evaporating deposition. When the deposited surface was rinsed by water, the metal layer deposited on the water-soluble sacrificial layer could be removed. Various high-resolution metal patterns were prepared, which could be used in electroluminescent displays, strain sensors, and 3D switches. This facile method could be a promising approach for fabricating high-resolution metal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Pulp, Paper, Printing & Packaging of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Green Printing & Packaging Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Xie Z, Avila R, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Flexible and Stretchable Antennas for Biointegrated Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902767. [PMID: 31490582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Combined advances in material science, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering form the foundations of thin, soft electronic/optoelectronic platforms that have unique capabilities in wireless monitoring and control of various biological processes in cells, tissues, and organs. Miniaturized, stretchable antennas represent an essential link between such devices and external systems for control, power delivery, data processing, and/or communication. Applications typically involve a demanding set of considerations in performance, size, and stretchability. Some of the most effective strategies rely on unusual materials such as liquid metals, nanowires, and woven textiles or on optimally configured 2D/3D structures such as serpentines and helical coils of conventional materials. In the best cases, the performance metrics of small, stretchable, radio frequency (RF) antennas realized using these strategies compare favorably to those of traditional devices. Examples range from dipole, monopole, and patch antennas for far-field RF operation, to magnetic loop antennas for near-field communication (NFC), where the key parameters include operating frequency, Q factor, radiation pattern, and reflection coefficient S11 across a range of mechanical deformations and cyclic loads. Despite significant progress over the last several years, many challenges and associated research opportunities remain in the development of high-efficiency antennas for biointegrated electronic/optoelectronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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13
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Kim YS, Basir A, Herbert R, Kim J, Yoo H, Yeo WH. Soft Materials, Stretchable Mechanics, and Optimized Designs for Body-Wearable Compliant Antennas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3059-3067. [PMID: 31842536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among the various methods to develop flexible wearable antennas, a serpentine, mesh structure has been a great interest because of its mechanical reliability upon applied strain. However, there is still a significant lack of design guidelines for the open-mesh concept that account for both material and electromagnetic (EM) properties of antennas. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive study of materials, mechanics, fabrication, and system integration for the development of stretchable dipole and patch antennas that have networks of two-dimensional serpentine patterns. A set of computational modeling and experimental validation of open-mesh structures provides the key design guidelines to offer the maximum mechanical stretchability and minimum effective moduli of wearable antennas. Integration of the thin-film antenna traces with various substrates captures the versatility of the deterministic fabrication and material transfer printing methods. The influence of antenna stretching on the EM properties, including return loss, electric and magnetic fields, and far-field radiation patterns, is investigated. EM characterization with mechanical stretching results in different properties of fabricated antennas. The simulation study of specific absorption rates shows a potential for safe applications of dipole and patch stretchable antennas on the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Basir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | | | | | - Hyoungsuk Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , South Korea
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14
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Gund GS, Jung MG, Shin KY, Park HS. Two-Dimensional Metallic Niobium Diselenide for Sub-micrometer-Thin Antennas in Wireless Communication Systems. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14114-14121. [PMID: 31746198 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art of the Internet of things (IoT) and smart electronics demands advances in thin and flexible radio frequency (RF) antennas for wireless communication systems. So far, nanostructured materials such as metals, carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene, and conducting polymers have been investigated due to their noteworthy electrical conductivity. However, most antennas based on metallic materials are thick, which limits their application in miniaturized and portable electronic devices. Herein, we report two-dimensional (2D) metallic niobium diselenide (NbSe2) for a monopole patch RF antenna, which functions effectively despite its sub-micrometer thickness, which is less than the skin depths of other metals. The as-fabricated antenna has an 855 nm thickness and a 1.2 Ω sq-1 sheet resistance and achieves a reflection coefficient of -46.5 dB, a radiation efficiency of 70.6%, and omnidirectional RF propagation. Additionally, the resonance frequency of this antenna at the same thickness is reconfigured from 2.01 to 2.80 GHz, while decreasing its length and preserving its reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB. This approach offers a facile process to synthesize 2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides for the rational design of flexible, miniaturized, frequency-tunable, and omnidirectional monopole patch RF antennas for body-centric wearable communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keun-Young Shin
- School of Nano Convergence Technology , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Ramli MR, Ibrahim S, Ahmad Z, Abidin ISZ, Ain MF. Stretchable Conductive Ink Based on Polysiloxane-Silver Composite and Its Application as a Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28033-28042. [PMID: 31314485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress in electronic applications for movable devices requires the conductive matrix to be not only flexible but also stretchable. A simple microstrip patch antenna was fabricated based on silver ink polysiloxane composite with a stretchable polysiloxane substrate at a resonance frequency of 2.50 GHz. It is designed at a postpercolation threshold of 35, 45, and 60 vol % conductive filler loading so as to allow a consistent conductivity at an ample range of cyclic stretching. With the presence of coupling agent and additives, the patch antenna displayed an extremely good adhesion between the ink and the substrate, which prevents any local rupture during stretching. Variable range hopping model verified that conductivity occurs through hopping and tunneling mechanisms, giving transient optimum conductivity in the range of 10-70 S/cm at 10-20% strain amplitude range. The fabricated prototype of microstrip patch antenna displayed a decreasing resonant frequency with strain. Of note, the radiation loss S11 and the bandwidth values are proportionally related to the conductivities during stretching. These results verified the proposed mechanisms of construction and destruction of conductivity occurring during the percolation threshold process. The fabricated antenna proved the feasibility for use as a stretchable device at an ultrahigh-frequency band.
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16
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Gao Y, Fang X, Tran D, Ju K, Qian B, Li J. Dielectric elastomer actuators based on stretchable and self-healable hydrogel electrodes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 31598224 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.jd03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) based on dielectric elastomer holds promising applications in soft robotics. Compliant electrodes with large stretchability and high electrical conductivity are the vital components for the DEAs. In this study, a type of DEA was developed using carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol (CNT/PVA) hydrogel electrodes. The CNT/PVA hydrogel electrodes demonstrate a stretchability up to 200% with a small relative resistance change of approximately 1.2, and a self-healing capability. The areal strain of the DEA based on the CNT/PVA hydrogel electrodes is more than 40%, much higher than the ones based on pure PVA electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Fang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhquang Tran
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Ju
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qian
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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17
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Gao Y, Fang X, Tran D, Ju K, Qian B, Li J. Dielectric elastomer actuators based on stretchable and self-healable hydrogel electrodes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182145. [PMID: 31598224 PMCID: PMC6731732 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) based on dielectric elastomer holds promising applications in soft robotics. Compliant electrodes with large stretchability and high electrical conductivity are the vital components for the DEAs. In this study, a type of DEA was developed using carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol (CNT/PVA) hydrogel electrodes. The CNT/PVA hydrogel electrodes demonstrate a stretchability up to 200% with a small relative resistance change of approximately 1.2, and a self-healing capability. The areal strain of the DEA based on the CNT/PVA hydrogel electrodes is more than 40%, much higher than the ones based on pure PVA electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Qian
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hu X, Dou Y, Li J, Liu Z. Buckled Structures: Fabrication and Applications in Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804805. [PMID: 30740901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to their many potential applications, such as personalized health monitoring, motion detection, and smart clothing, where electronic devices must conformably form contacts with curvilinear surfaces and undergo large deformations. Structural design and material selection have been the key factors for the development of wearable electronics in the recent decades. As one of the most widely used geometries, buckling structures endow high stretchability, high mechanical durability, and comfortable contact for human-machine interaction via wearable devices. In addition, buckling structures that are derived from natural biosurfaces have high potential for use in cost-effective and high-grade wearable electronics. This review provides fundamental insights into buckling fabrication and discusses recent advancements for practical applications of buckled electronics, such as interconnects, sensors, transistors, energy storage, and conversion devices. In addition to the incorporation of desired functions, the simple and consecutive manipulation and advanced structural design of the buckled structures are discussed, which are important for advancing the field of wearable electronics. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for buckled electronics are briefly discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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19
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Huo D, Kim MJ, Lyu Z, Shi Y, Wiley BJ, Xia Y. One-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: From Colloidal Syntheses to Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8972-9073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yifeng Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Yang C, Zhang H, Liu Y, Yu Z, Wei X, Hu Y. Kirigami-Inspired Deformable 3D Structures Conformable to Curved Biological Surface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1801070. [PMID: 30581706 PMCID: PMC6299731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
By introducing stretchability and/or deformability to planar electronics, devices can conformably attach to 3D curved surfaces with minimal invasiveness, which is of great interest for next-generation wearables in clinical and biological applications. Here, a feasible route is demonstrated to generate deformable 3D structures as a robust platform to construct electronic systems by utilizing silver nanowires/parylene hybrid films in a way analogous to the art of kirigami. The hybrid films exhibit outstanding electrical conductivity along with decent optical transparency, flexibility, and long-term stability. These merits enable these films to work as electrodes for electrocardiogram recording with comparable accuracy to a commercial counterpart, and to fabricate a 7-GHz monopole antenna with good omni-directionality and a peak gain of 1.35 dBi. More importantly, a general scheme for constructing 3D deformable electronic systems is presented, including unique patterning procedures and rational cut designs inspired by kirigami. As an example, deformable transparent humidity sensors are fabricated to work on elbows and finger joints for sweating monitoring. The strategy demonstrated here for 3D deformable system construction is versatile and holds great promise for future advanced health monitoring at diverse and complex epidermal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Zhongliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex SystemDepartment of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xiaoding Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex SystemDepartment of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
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21
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Oh H, Lee SW, Kim M, Lee WS, Seong M, Joh H, Allen MG, May GS, Bakir MS, Oh SJ. Designing Surface Chemistry of Silver Nanocrystals for Radio Frequency Circuit Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37643-37650. [PMID: 30288975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce solution-based, room temperature- and atmospheric pressure-processed silver nanocrystal (Ag NC)-based electrical circuits and interconnects for radio frequency (RF)/microwave frequency applications. We chemically designed the surface and interface states of Ag NC thin films to achieve high stability, dc and ac conductivity, and minimized RF loss through stepwise ligand exchange, shell coating, and surface cleaning. The chemical and structural properties of the circuits and interconnects affect the high-frequency electrical performance of Ag NC thin films, as confirmed by high-frequency electromagnetic field simulations. An all solution-based process is developed to build coplanar structures, in which Ag NC thin films are positioned at both sides of the substrates. In addition, we fabricated flexible transmission lines and broadband electrical circuits for resistors, interdigitated capacitors, spiral and omega-shaped inductors, and patch antennas with maximum inductance and capacitance values of 3 nH and 2.5 pF at frequencies up to 20 GHz. We believe that our approach will lead to a cost-effective realization of RF circuits and devices in which sensing and wireless communication capabilities are combined for internet-of-things applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanju Oh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Singh Center for Nanotechnology & Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | - Minsoo Kim
- Singh Center for Nanotechnology & Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Mark G Allen
- Singh Center for Nanotechnology & Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Gary S May
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Muhannad S Bakir
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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22
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Kim JH, Hwang JY, Hwang HR, Kim HS, Lee JH, Seo JW, Shin US, Lee SH. Simple and cost-effective method of highly conductive and elastic carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite for wearable electronics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1375. [PMID: 29358581 PMCID: PMC5778073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of various flexible and stretchable materials has attracted interest for promising applications in biomedical engineering and electronics industries. This interest in wearable electronics, stretchable circuits, and flexible displays has created a demand for stable, easily manufactured, and cheap materials. However, the construction of flexible and elastic electronics, on which commercial electronic components can be mounted through simple and cost-effective processing, remains challenging. We have developed a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. To achieve uniform distributions of CNTs within the polymer, an optimized dispersion process was developed using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and methyl-terminated PDMS in combination with ultrasonication. After vaporizing the IPA, various shapes and sizes can be easily created with the nanocomposite, depending on the mold. The material provides high flexibility, elasticity, and electrical conductivity without requiring a sandwich structure. It is also biocompatible and mechanically stable, as demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays and cyclic strain tests (over 10,000 times). We demonstrate the potential for the healthcare field through strain sensor, flexible electric circuits, and biopotential measurements such as EEG, ECG, and EMG. This simple and cost-effective fabrication method for CNT/PDMS composites provides a promising process and material for various applications of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,International Carbon Research Institute, Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence Technology 110-11 Banryong-ro Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54853, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha Ryeon Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seop Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ienaga T, Okada S, Nakahara Y, Watanabe M, Tamai T, Yajima S, Kimura K. Comparison of Physical Adsorption Strength of Protective Agents via Ligand Exchange of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation on Running Oil Substrate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ienaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Soichiro Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Morinomiya Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553
| | - Toshiyuki Tamai
- Morinomiya Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553
| | - Setsuko Yajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930 Sakae-dani, Wakayama 640-8510
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24
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Kim BS, Lee K, Kang S, Lee S, Pyo JB, Choi IS, Char K, Park JH, Lee SS, Lee J, Son JG. 2D reentrant auxetic structures of graphene/CNT networks for omnidirectionally stretchable supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13272-13280. [PMID: 28858356 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02869e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable energy storage systems are essential for the realization of implantable and epidermal electronics. However, high-performance stretchable supercapacitors have received less attention because currently available processing techniques and material structures are too limited to overcome the trade-off relationship among electrical conductivity, ion-accessible surface area, and stretchability of electrodes. Herein, we introduce novel 2D reentrant cellular structures of porous graphene/CNT networks for omnidirectionally stretchable supercapacitor electrodes. Reentrant structures, with inwardly protruded frameworks in porous networks, were fabricated by the radial compression of vertically aligned honeycomb-like rGO/CNT networks, which were prepared by a directional crystallization method. Unlike typical porous graphene structures, the reentrant structure provided structure-assisted stretchability, such as accordion and origami structures, to otherwise unstretchable materials. The 2D reentrant structures of graphene/CNT networks maintained excellent electrical conductivities under biaxial stretching conditions and showed a slightly negative or near-zero Poisson's ratio over a wide strain range because of their structural uniqueness. For practical applications, we fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitors based on 2D auxetic structures. A radial compression process up to 1/10th densified the electrode, significantly increasing the areal and volumetric capacitances of the electrodes. Additionally, vertically aligned graphene/CNT networks provided a plentiful surface area and induced sufficient ion transport pathways for the electrodes. Therefore, they exhibited high gravimetric and areal capacitance values of 152.4 F g-1 and 2.9 F cm-2, respectively, and had an excellent retention ratio of 88% under a biaxial strain of 100%. Auxetic cellular and vertically aligned structures provide a new strategy for the preparation of robust platforms for stretchable energy storage electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Lim GH, Ahn K, Bok S, Nam J, Lim B. Curving silver nanowires using liquid droplets for highly stretchable and durable percolation networks. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8938-8944. [PMID: 28654124 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02615c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) are promising building blocks for the fabrication of stretchable electrodes, but they may undergo mechanical fracture at low tensile strains, which leads to degradation in electrical performance of Ag NW-based stretchable electrodes. Here we report on a simple route to create the percolation networks of Ag NW rings via a conventional spray coating process. We discovered that Ag NWs can be bent into curved shapes within micrometer-sized liquid droplets generated during the spraying process due to elasto-capillary interaction. This curving phenomenon allowed the deposition of Ag NW rings directly on a desired substrate without the need for any complicated process. The network of Ag NW rings effectively releases the applied tensile strains thanks to curved shapes of the constituent NWs, enabling the achievement of excellent electromechanical stability as well as high stretchability. Our approach not only provides a simple, low cost, and scalable route to the fabrication of high-performance Ag NW-based stretchable electrodes, but also opens a new and useful way of engineering the structure of NWs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guh-Hwan Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
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26
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Wang Y, Cheng J, Xing Y, Shahid M, Nishijima H, Pan W. Stretchable Platinum Network-Based Transparent Electrodes for Highly Sensitive Wearable Electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604291. [PMID: 28547847 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A platinum network-based transparent electrode has been fabricated by electrospinning. The unique nanobelt structured electrode demonstrates low sheet resistance (about 16 Ω sq-1 ) and high transparency of 80% and excellent flexibility. One of the most interesting demonstrations of this Pt nanobelt electrode is its excellent reversibly resilient characteristic. The electric conductivity of the flexible Pt electrode can recover to its initial value after 160% extending and this performance is repeatable and stable. The good linear relationship between the resistance and strain of the unique structured Pt electrode makes it possible to assemble a wearable high sensitive strain sensor. Present reported Pt nanobelt electrode also reveals potential applications in electrode for flexible fuel cells and highly transparent ultraviolet (UV) sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hiroki Nishijima
- Functional Material Department, Inorganic Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota, Aichi, 471-8572, Japan
| | - Wei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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27
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Ko Y, Kim J, Kim D, Yamauchi Y, Kim JH, You J. A Simple Silver Nanowire Patterning Method Based on Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Photolithography and Its Application for Soft Electronics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2282. [PMID: 28536475 PMCID: PMC5442115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible microelectrodes have garnered considerable attention recently for soft bioelectronic applications. We constructed silver nanowire (AgNW) micropatterns on various substrates, via a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method without aggressive etching or lift-off processes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) photolithography was employed to construct AgNW patterns with various shapes and sizes on the glass substrate. Based on a second hydrogel gelation process, AgNW patterns on glass substrate were directly transferred to the synthetic/natural hydrogel substrates. The resultant AgNW micropatterns on the hydrogel exhibited high conductivity (ca. 8.40 × 103 S cm-1) with low sheet resistance (7.51 ± 1.11 Ω/sq), excellent bending durability (increases in resistance of only ~3 and ~13% after 40 and 160 bending cycles, respectively), and good stability in wet conditions (an increase in resistance of only ~6% after 4 h). Considering both biocompatibility of hydrogel and high conductivity of AgNWs, we anticipate that the AgNW micropatterned hydrogels described here will be particularly valuable as highly efficient and mechanically stable microelectrodes for the development of next-generation bioelectronic devices, especially for implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Dabum Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea.
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28
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Kim BS, Pyo JB, Son JG, Zi G, Lee SS, Park JH, Lee J. Biaxial Stretchability and Transparency of Ag Nanowire 2D Mass-Spring Networks Prepared by Floating Compression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10865-10873. [PMID: 28276240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Networks of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have been considered as promising materials for stretchable and transparent conductors. Despite various improvements of their optoelectronic and electromechanical properties over the past few years, Ag NW networks with a sufficient stretchability in multiple directions that is essential for the accommodation of the multidirectional strains of human movement have seldom been reported. For this paper, biaxially stretchable, transparent conductors were developed based on 2D mass-spring networks of wavy Ag NWs. Inspired by the traditional papermaking process, the 2D wavy networks were produced by floating Ag NW networks on the surface of water and subsequently applying biaxial compression to them. It was demonstrated that this floating-compression process can reduce the friction between the Ag NW-water interfaces, providing a uniform and isotropic in-plane waviness for the networks without buckling or cracking. The resulting Ag NW networks that were transferred onto elastomeric substrates successfully acted as conductors with an excellent transparency, conductivity, and electromechanical stability under a biaxial strain of 30%. The strain sensors that are based on the prepared conductors demonstrated a great potential for the enhanced performances of future wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Beom Pyo
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Goangseup Zi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University , Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Park
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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29
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You B, Kim Y, Ju BK, Kim JW. Highly Stretchable and Waterproof Electroluminescence Device Based on Superstable Stretchable Transparent Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5486-5494. [PMID: 28102663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Realization of devices with enhanced stretchability and waterproof properties will significantly expand the reach of electronics. To this end, we herein fabricate an elastic transparent conductor that comprises silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate covered by polyurethane urea (PUU), which is fully compatible with both materials. Carboxylic acid groups of PUU was designed to form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on the AgNW surface, resulting in an enhanced affinity of AgNWs for PUU. Exceptionally strong hydrogen bonds between PUU and the hydroxylated PDMS thus facilitate the achievement of water sealable, mechanically stable, and stretchable transparent electrodes. To fabricate stretchable electroluminescence (EL) devices, ZnS particles were mixed with PUU, and the mixture was coated onto the AgNWs/hydroxylated PDMS, followed by a face-to-face lamination with another identical electrode. The devices could be stretched up to 150% without a severe reduction in the emission intensity, and they survived 5000 cycles of 100% stretch-release testing. The high adhesion between PUU and PDMS even in water is responsible for the good waterproof characteristics of the EL devices. These results pave the way for realization of fully stretchable and waterproof electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banseok You
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
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30
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Singh R, Singh E, Nalwa HS. Inkjet printed nanomaterial based flexible radio frequency identification (RFID) tag sensors for the internet of nano things. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has limitless possibilities for applications in the entire spectrum of our daily lives, from healthcare to automobiles to public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina Singh
- Haas School of Business
- University of California at Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Eric Singh
- Department of Computer Science
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
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31
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Sannicolo T, Lagrange M, Cabos A, Celle C, Simonato JP, Bellet D. Metallic Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes for Next Generation Flexible Devices: a Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6052-6075. [PMID: 27753213 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes attract intense attention in many technological fields, including optoelectronic devices, transparent film heaters and electromagnetic applications. New generation transparent electrodes are expected to have three main physical properties: high electrical conductivity, high transparency and mechanical flexibility. The most efficient and widely used transparent conducting material is currently indium tin oxide (ITO). However the scarcity of indium associated with ITO's lack of flexibility and the relatively high manufacturing costs have a prompted search into alternative materials. With their outstanding physical properties, metallic nanowire (MNW)-based percolating networks appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to ITO. They also have several other advantages, such as solution-based processing, and are compatible with large area deposition techniques. Estimations of cost of the technology are lower, in particular thanks to the small quantities of nanomaterials needed to reach industrial performance criteria. The present review investigates recent progress on the main applications reported for MNW networks of any sort (silver, copper, gold, core-shell nanowires) and points out some of the most impressive outcomes. Insights into processing MNW into high-performance transparent conducting thin films are also discussed according to each specific application. Finally, strategies for improving both their stability and integration into real devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sannicolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LMGP, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Anthony Cabos
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Celle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LMGP, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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32
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Ahn J, Seo JW, Lee TI, Kwon D, Park I, Kim TS, Lee JY. Extremely Robust and Patternable Electrodes for Copy-Paper-Based Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19031-7. [PMID: 27378213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose a fabrication process for extremely robust and easily patternable silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes on paper. Using an auxiliary donor layer and a simple laminating process, AgNWs can be easily transferred to copy paper as well as various other substrates using a dry process. Intercalating a polymeric binder between the AgNWs and the substrate through a simple printing technique enhances adhesion, not only guaranteeing high foldability of the electrodes, but also facilitating selective patterning of the AgNWs. Using the proposed process, extremely crease-tolerant electronics based on copy paper can be fabricated, such as a printed circuit board for a 7-segment display, portable heater, and capacitive touch sensor, demonstrating the applicability of the AgNWs-based electrodes to paper electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Ahn
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Lee
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Kwon
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Graphene Research Center, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim KH, Jeong DW, Jang NS, Ha SH, Kim JM. Extremely stretchable conductors based on hierarchically-structured metal nanowire network. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new class of extremely stretchable conductor based on a hierarchically-structured metal nanowire network prepared by a simple prestraining of a micro-prism-arrayed elastomeric substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Jeong
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Su Jang
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Ha
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology and BK21 Plus Nano Convergence Technology Division
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering
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