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Jeong H, Lee JH, Song JY, Ghani F, Lee D. Continuous Patterning of Silver Nanowire-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Transparent Conductive Film by a Roll-to-Roll Selective Calendering Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 36615941 PMCID: PMC9823613 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous patterning of silver nanowire-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag NW-PVP) composite transparent conductive film (cTCF) is demonstrated in this work by means of slot-die coating followed by selective calendering. The Ag NWs were synthesized by the polyol method, and adequately washed to leave an appropriate amount of PVP to act as a capping agent and dispersant. The as-coated Ag NW-PVP composite film had low electronic conductivity due to the lack of percolation path, which was greatly improved by the calendering process. Moreover, the dispersion of Ag NWs was analyzed with addition of PVP in terms of density and molecular weight. The excellent dispersion led to uniform distribution of Ag NWs in a cTCF. The continuous patterning was conducted using an embossed pattern roll to perform selective calendering. To evaluate the capability of the calendering process, various line widths and spacing patterns were investigated. The minimum pattern dimensions achievable were determined to be a line width of 0.1 mm and a line spacing of 1 mm. Finally, continuous patterning using selective calendering was applied to the fabrication of a flexible heater and a resistive touch sensing panel as flexible electronic devices to demonstrate its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Jeong
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeob Song
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Faizan Ghani
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chen Y, Liang T, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang BR, Luo Y, Liu GS. Self-assembly, alignment, and patterning of metal nanowires. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1299-1339. [PMID: 36193823 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Armed with the merits of one-dimensional nanostructures (flexibility, high aspect ratio, and anisotropy) and metals (high conductivity, plasmonic properties, and catalytic activity), metal nanowires (MNWs) have stood out as a new class of nanomaterials in the last two decades. They are envisaged to expedite significantly and even revolutionize a broad spectrum of applications related to display, sensing, energy, plasmonics, photonics, and catalysis. Compared with disordered MNWs, well-organized MNWs would not only enhance the intrinsic physical and chemical properties, but also create new functions and sophisticated architectures of optoelectronic devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of assembly strategies of MNWs, including self-assembly for specific structures, alignment for anisotropic constructions, and patterning for precise configurations. The technical processes, underlying mechanisms, performance indicators, and representative applications of these strategies are described and discussed to inspire further innovation in assembly techniques and guide the fabrication of optoelectrical devices. Finally, a perspective on the critical challenges and future opportunities of MNW assembly is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tianwei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Huang Q, Zhu Y. Patterning of Metal Nanowire Networks: Methods and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60736-60762. [PMID: 34919389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advance in flexible and stretchable electronics, one-dimensional nanomaterials such as metal nanowires have drawn much attention in the past 10 years or so. Metal nanowires, especially silver nanowires, have been recognized as promising candidate materials for flexible and stretchable electronics. Owing to their high electrical conductivity and high aspect ratio, metal nanowires can form electrical percolation networks, maintaining high electrical conductivity under deformation (e.g., bending and stretching). Apart from coating metal nanowires for making large-area transparent conductive films, many applications require patterned metal nanowires as electrodes and interconnects. Precise patterning of metal nanowire networks is crucial to achieve high device performances. Therefore, a high-resolution, designable, and scalable patterning of metal nanowire networks is important but remains a critical challenge for fabricating high-performance electronic devices. This review summarizes recent advances in patterning of metal nanowire networks, using subtractive methods, additive methods of nanowire dispersions, and printing methods. Representative device applications of the patterned metal nanowire networks are presented. Finally, challenges and important directions in the area of the patterning of metal nanowire networks for device applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
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Recycling silver nanoparticle debris from laser ablation of silver nanowire in liquid media toward minimum material waste. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2262. [PMID: 33500481 PMCID: PMC7838405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are usually manufactured by chemical synthesis, a patterning process is needed to use them as functional devices. Pulsed laser ablation is a promising Ag NW patterning process because it is a simple and inexpensive procedure. However, this process has a disadvantage in that target materials are wasted owing to the subtractive nature of the process involving the removal of unnecessary materials, and large quantities of raw materials are required. In this study, we report a minimum-waste laser patterning process utilizing silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) debris obtained through laser ablation of Ag NWs in liquid media. Since the generated Ag NPs can be used for several applications, wastage of Ag NWs, which is inevitable in conventional laser patterning processes, is dramatically reduced. In addition, electrophoretic deposition of the recycled Ag NPs onto non-ablated Ag NWs allows easy fabrication of junction-enhanced Ag NWs from the deposited Ag NPs. The unique advantage of this method lies in using recycled Ag NPs as building materials, eliminating the additional cost of junction welding Ag NWs. These fabricated Ag NW substrates could be utilized as transparent heaters and stretchable TCEs, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed process.
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Um DS, Lee Y, Kim T, Lim S, Lee H, Ha M, Khan Z, Kang S, Kim MP, Kim JY, Ko H. High-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32154-32162. [PMID: 32551519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes attract significant attention in flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices; however, high-resolution patterning of AgNW electrodes remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we have introduced a simple technique for high-resolution solution patterning of AgNW networks, based on simple filtration of AgNW solution on a patterned polyimide shadow mask. This solution process allows the smallest pattern size of AgNW electrodes, down to a width of 3.5 μm. In addition, we have demonstrated the potential of these patterned AgNW electrodes for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors. Specifically, for flexible and semitransparent UV photodetectors, AgNW electrodes are embedded in sputtered ZnO films to enhance the photocurrent by light scattering and trapping, which resulted in a significantly enhanced photocurrent (up to 800%) compared to devices based on AgNW electrodes mounted on top of ZnO films. In addition, our photodetector could be operated well under extremely bent conditions (bending radius of approximately 770 μm) and provide excellent durability even after 500 bending cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Seung Um
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyo Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdong Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochan Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyauddin Khan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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6
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Lin Y, Yuan W, Ding C, Chen S, Su W, Hu H, Cui Z, Li F. Facile and Efficient Patterning Method for Silver Nanowires and Its Application to Stretchable Electroluminescent Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24074-24085. [PMID: 32363851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of silver nanowires (AgNWs) is subject to critical challenges, which have seriously limited their practical applications. This work describes a simple and efficient method combining screen printing with vacuum filtration for patterning AgNW networks. The screen-printed poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mask layer was shown to be strongly adhered to the filtration membrane, which resulted in well-defined sharp edges of the deposited AgNW patterns, and a 50 μm patterning resolution was achieved. The patterned films with low densities of AgNWs (≤15 μg/cm2) were transferred to the surface of PDMS to make patterned stretchable transparent conductive films (TCFs). The low sheet resistance of 7.3 Ω/sq was achieved at an optical transmittance of 79.6% (at 550 nm wavelength) with a AgNW deposition density of only 12.5 μg/cm2. As an application example, the patterned TCFs were used as the top electrodes to fabricate stretchable alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) displays with stretchability up to 70% of their original dimension, which were applied to a smart system for simulating heart beats together with a digitally operated flexible circuit. The ACEL device exhibited a bright and uniform emission with a clear and smooth edge even with a pattern width as narrow as 100 μm, as well as exceptional elasticity and durability in spite of bending, stretching, and twisting. The present work provides a new way of patterning AgNWs and can be extended to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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7
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Cao L, Liu X, Guo Z, Zhou L. Surface/Interface Engineering for Constructing Advanced Nanostructured Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Performance: A Brief Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E821. [PMID: 31783596 PMCID: PMC6953049 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of nanoscience and nanotechnologies, especially the continuous deepening of research on low-dimensional materials and structures, various kinds of light-emitting devices based on nanometer-structured materials are gradually becoming the natural candidates for the next generation of advanced optoelectronic devices with improved performance through engineering their interface/surface properties. As dimensions of light-emitting devices are scaled down to the nanoscale, the plentitude of their surface/interface properties is one of the key factors for their dominating device performance. In this paper, firstly, the generation, classification, and influence of surface/interface states on nanometer optical devices will be given theoretically. Secondly, the relationship between the surface/interface properties and light-emitting diode device performance will be investigated, and the related physical mechanisms will be revealed by introducing classic examples. Especially, how to improve the performance of light-emitting diodes by using factors such as the surface/interface purification, quantum dots (QDs)-emitting layer, surface ligands, optimization of device architecture, and so on will be summarized. Finally, we explore the main influencing actors of research breakthroughs related to the surface/interface properties on the current and future applications for nanostructured light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhen Cao
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China;
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China;
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Shandong Guo Ke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Jinan 25001, China
- Zhongke Mass Spectrometry (Tianjin) Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Tianjin 300399, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CASKey Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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8
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Chen Y, Carmichael RS, Carmichael TB. Patterned, Flexible, and Stretchable Silver Nanowire/Polymer Composite Films as Transparent Conductive Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31210-31219. [PMID: 31373786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of flexible and stretchable optoelectronics has motivated the development of new transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) to replace conventional brittle indium tin oxide. For modern optoelectronics, these new TCEs should possess six key characteristics: low cost, solution-based processing; high transparency; high electrical conductivity; a smooth surface; mechanical flexibility or stretchability; and scalable, low-cost patterning methods. Among many materials currently being studied, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one of the most promising, with studies demonstrating AgNW films and composites that exhibit each of the key requirements. However, AgNW-based TCEs reported to date typically fulfill two or three requirements at the same time, and rare are examples of TCEs that fulfill all six requirements simultaneously. Here, we present a straightforward method to fabricate AgNW/polymer composite films that meet all six requirements simultaneously. Our fabrication process embeds a AgNW network patterned using a solution-based wetting-dewetting protocol into a flexible or stretchable polymer, which is then adhered to an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrate. The resulting patterned AgNW/polymer films exhibit ∼85% transmittance with an average sheet resistance of ∼15 Ω/sq, a smooth surface (a root-mean-square surface roughness value of ∼22 nm), and also withstand up to 71% bending strain or 70% stretching strain. We demonstrate the use of these new TCEs in flexible and stretchable alternating current electroluminescent devices that emit light to 20% bending strain and 60% stretching strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - R Stephen Carmichael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Tricia Breen Carmichael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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Ashok Kumar S, Shankar JS, K Periyasamy B, Nayak SK. Device engineering aspects of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ashok Kumar
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaya Seeli Shankar
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhuvana K Periyasamy
- Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Adavanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Zhang Z, Si T, Liu J. Controllable assembly of a hierarchical multiscale architecture based on silver nanoparticle grids/nanowires for flexible organic solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:415603. [PMID: 30058556 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad6aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effective and facile strategy was developed to assemble a flexible hierarchical multiscale architecture by incorporating microscale silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) grids into random silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks combined with a room-temperature chemical sintering mechanism. The microscale AgNPs grids was fabricated by assemble AgNPs into a series of twin lines directly on a hydrophilic PET substrate based on coffee-ring effect with ink-jet printing technique. By regulating the assembly architecture, a flexible hierarchical multiscale conductor based on AgNPs grids/AgNWs was successfully fabricated and demonstrated a high transmittance of 87.5%, low sheet resistance of 16.5 Ω/sq and excellent mechanical flexibility. The hierarchical multiscale architecture was fairly favorable to efficiently collect free charges among the gaps in the AgNWs network, as well as to enhance the stability of conductivity by creating continuous conduction pathways. As an anode electrode in a flexible organic solar cell, the hierarchical multiscale AgNPs grids/AgNWs conductor demonstrated a more power photoelectric conversion efficiency, which was even superior to the corresponding properties of the ITO network at a similar transmittance. This simple, low-cost and nonlithographic solution-based approach would further enhance current fabrication approaches to create patterned microstructures, and have great potential to fabricate multifarious functional patterns in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lu H, Ren X, Ouyang D, Choy WCH. Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703140. [PMID: 29356408 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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12
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Silver Nanowires Modified with PEDOT: PSS and Graphene for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Anode. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45392. [PMID: 28349990 PMCID: PMC5368981 DOI: 10.1038/srep45392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks are promising candidates for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the surface roughness of the AgNWs network is still too high for its application in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have reduced the surface roughness of the AgNWs networks to 6.4 nm, compared to 33.9 nm of the as-deposited AgNWs network through the hot-pressing process, treatment with poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly (styrenesulfanate), and covered with graphene films. Using this method, we are able to produce AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG composite films with the transmittance and sheet resistance of 88.29% and 30 Ω/□, respectively. The OLEDs based on the AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG anodes are comparable to those based on ITO anodes.
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13
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Kim J, Lim JW, Mota FM, Lee JE, Boppella R, Lim KY, Kim K, Choi WK, Kim DH. Reduced graphene oxide wrapped core-shell metal nanowires as promising flexible transparent conductive electrodes with enhanced stability. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18938-18944. [PMID: 27740663 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are widely used in a wide range of optical-electronic devices. Recently, metal nanowires (NWs), e.g. Ag and Cu, have drawn attention as promising flexible materials for TCEs. Although the study of core-shell metal NWs, and the encapsulation/overcoating of the surface of single-metal NWs have separately been an object of focus in the literature, herein for the first time we simultaneously applied both strategies in the fabrication of highly stable Ag-Cu NW-based TCEs by the utilization of Ag nanoparticles covered with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles by galvanic displacement reaction was shown to significantly increase the long term stability of the electrode. Upon comparison with a CuNW reference, our novel rGO/Cu-AgNW-based TCEs unveiled remarkable opto-electrical properties, with a 3-fold sheet resistance decrease (from 29.8 Ω sq-1 to 10.0 Ω sq-1) and an impressive FOM value (139.4). No detrimental effect was noticed in the relatively high transmittance value (T = 77.6% at 550 nm) characteristic of CuNWs. In addition, our rGO/Cu-AgNW-based TCEs exhibited outstanding thermal stability up to 20 days at 80 °C in air, as well as improved mechanical flexibility. The superior performance herein reported compared with both CuNWs and AgNWs, and with a current conventional ITO reference, is believed to highlight the great potential of these novel materials as promising alternatives in optical-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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Sannicolo T, Lagrange M, Cabos A, Celle C, Simonato JP, Bellet D. Metallic Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes for Next Generation Flexible Devices: a Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6052-6075. [PMID: 27753213 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes attract intense attention in many technological fields, including optoelectronic devices, transparent film heaters and electromagnetic applications. New generation transparent electrodes are expected to have three main physical properties: high electrical conductivity, high transparency and mechanical flexibility. The most efficient and widely used transparent conducting material is currently indium tin oxide (ITO). However the scarcity of indium associated with ITO's lack of flexibility and the relatively high manufacturing costs have a prompted search into alternative materials. With their outstanding physical properties, metallic nanowire (MNW)-based percolating networks appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to ITO. They also have several other advantages, such as solution-based processing, and are compatible with large area deposition techniques. Estimations of cost of the technology are lower, in particular thanks to the small quantities of nanomaterials needed to reach industrial performance criteria. The present review investigates recent progress on the main applications reported for MNW networks of any sort (silver, copper, gold, core-shell nanowires) and points out some of the most impressive outcomes. Insights into processing MNW into high-performance transparent conducting thin films are also discussed according to each specific application. Finally, strategies for improving both their stability and integration into real devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sannicolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LMGP, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Anthony Cabos
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Celle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LMGP, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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Lee J, Park J, Jeong H, Shin KH, Lee D. Optimization of printing conditions for microscale multiline printing in continuous roll-to-roll gravure printing. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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