1
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Seno C, Reichholf N, Salutari F, Spadaro MC, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Gogos A, Herrmann IK, Arbiol J, Smet PF, De Roo J. Epitaxial Core/Shell Nanocrystals of (Europium-Doped) Zirconia and Hafnia. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20550-20555. [PMID: 39038812 PMCID: PMC11295171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A careful design of the nanocrystal architecture can strongly enhance the nanocrystal function. So far, this strategy has faced a synthetic bottleneck in the case of refractory oxides. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of hafnia shells onto zirconia cores and pure zirconia shells onto europium-doped zirconia cores. The core/shell structures are fully crystalline. Upon shelling, the optical properties of the europium dopant are dramatically improved (featuring a more uniform coordination and a longer photoluminescence lifetime), indicating the suppression of nonradiative pathways. These results launch the stable zirconium and hafnium oxide hosts as alternatives for the established NaYF4 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Seno
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Reichholf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Salutari
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania and CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Yurii P. Ivanov
- Electron
Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron
Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory
for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and
Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle
Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse
3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K. Herrmann
- Laboratory
for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and
Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle
Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse
3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Philippe F. Smet
- LumiLab,
Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent
University, Krijgslaan
281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Abid R, Shahzad MK, Sulaman SM, Faheem M, Naeem M, Khan R, Khalil AAK, Haider A, Ahmad B, Gul R, Bukhari N, Jamal SB. Therapeutic significance of nano- and biosensor technology in combating SARS-CoV-2: a review. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022; 12:3127-3140. [PMID: 35677529 PMCID: PMC9162894 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has gained the spotlight of the world's scientific community since December 2019 and it remains an important issue due to the emergence of novel variants around the globe. Early diagnosis of coronavirus is captious to prevent and hard to control. This pandemic can be eradicated by implementing suppressing strategies which can lead to better outcomes and more lives being saved. Therefore, the analysis showed that COVID-19 can only be managed by adopting public health measures, such as testing, isolation and social distancing. Much work has been done to diagnose coronavirus. Various testing technologies have been developed, opted and modified for rapid and accurate detection. The advanced molecular diagnosis relies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 as it has been considered the main causative agent of this pandemic. Studies have shown that several molecular tests are considered essential for the confirmation of coronavirus infection. Various serology-based tests are also used in the detection and diagnosis of coronavirus including point-of-care assays and high-throughput enzyme immunoassays that aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Both these assays are time-consuming and have less diagnostic accuracy. Nanotechnology has the potential to develop new strategies to combat COVID-19 by developing diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we have focused on the nanotechnology-based detection techniques including nanoparticles and biosensors to obstruct the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameesha Abid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rukhsana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Bukhari
- Mohammad College of Medicine, Budni Road, Yaseen Abad, Peshawar, KPK Pakistan
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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3
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Pokratath R, Van den Eynden D, Cooper SR, Mathiesen JK, Waser V, Devereux M, Billinge SJL, Meuwly M, Jensen KMØ, De Roo J. Mechanistic Insight into the Precursor Chemistry of ZrO 2 and HfO 2 Nanocrystals; towards Size-Tunable Syntheses. JACS AU 2022; 2:827-838. [PMID: 35557760 PMCID: PMC9088301 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
One can nowadays readily generate monodisperse colloidal nanocrystals, but a retrosynthetic analysis is still not possible since the underlying chemistry is often poorly understood. Here, we provide insight into the reaction mechanism of colloidal zirconia and hafnia nanocrystals synthesized from metal chloride and metal isopropoxide. We identify the active precursor species in the reaction mixture through a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. We gain insight into the interaction of the surfactant, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and the different precursors. Interestingly, we identify a peculiar X-type ligand redistribution mechanism that can be steered by the relative amount of Lewis base (L-type). We further monitor how the reaction mixture decomposes using solution NMR and gas chromatography, and we find that ZrCl4 is formed as a by-product of the reaction, limiting the reaction yield. The reaction proceeds via two competing mechanisms: E1 elimination (dominating) and SN1 substitution (minor). Using this new mechanistic insight, we adapted the synthesis to optimize the yield and gain control over nanocrystal size. These insights will allow the rational design and synthesis of complex oxide nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Pokratath
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Susan Rudd Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jette Katja Mathiesen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Valérie Waser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Mike Devereux
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Applied
Physics and Applied Mathematics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Material Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
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4
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Van den Eynden D, Pokratath R, De Roo J. Nonaqueous Chemistry of Group 4 Oxo Clusters and Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10538-10572. [PMID: 35467844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the nonaqueous precursor chemistry of the group 4 metals to gain insight into the formation of their oxo clusters and colloidal oxide nanocrystals. We first describe the properties and structures of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium oxides. Second, we introduce the different precursors that are used in the synthesis of oxo clusters and oxide nanocrystals. We review the structures of group 4 metal halides and alkoxides and their reactivity toward alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc. Third, we discuss fully condensed and atomically precise metal oxo clusters that could serve as nanocrystal models. By comparing the reaction conditions and reagents, we provide insight into the relationship between the cluster structure and the nature of the carboxylate capping ligands. We also briefly discuss the use of oxo clusters. Finally, we review the nonaqueous synthesis of group 4 oxide nanocrystals, including both surfactant-free and surfactant-assisted syntheses. We focus on their precursor chemistry and surface chemistry. By putting these results together, we connect the dots and obtain more insight into the fascinating chemistry of the group 4 metals. At the same time, we also identify gaps in our knowledge and thus areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietger Van den Eynden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24, BPR 1096, Basel 4058, Switzerland
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5
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Ghaemi F, Amiri A, Bajuri MY, Yuhana NY, Ferrara M. Role of different types of nanomaterials against diagnosis, prevention and therapy of COVID-19. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 72:103046. [PMID: 34055576 PMCID: PMC8146202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, a novel type of coronavirus emerged in China called SARS-COV-2, known COVID-19, threatens global health and possesses negative impact on people's quality of life, leading to an urgent need for its diagnosis and remedy. On the other hand, the presence of hazardous infectious waste led to the increase of the risk of transmitting the virus by individuals and by hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, in this review, we survey previous researches on nanomaterials that can be effective for guiding strategies to deal with the current COVID-19 pandemic and also decrease the hazardous infectious waste in the environment. We highlight the contribution of nanomaterials that possess potential to therapy, prevention, detect targeted virus proteins and also can be useful for large population screening, for the development of environmental sensors and filters. Besides, we investigate the possibilities of employing the nanomaterials in antiviral research and treatment development, examining the role of nanomaterials in antiviral- drug design, including the importance of nanomaterials in drug delivery and vaccination, and for the production of medical equipment. Nanomaterials-based technologies not only contribute to the ongoing SARS- CoV-2 research efforts but can also provide platforms and tools for the understanding, protection, detection and treatment of future viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferial Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohd Yazid Bajuri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Massimiliano Ferrara
- ICRIOS - The Invernizzi Centre for Research in Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Bocconi University, Department of Management and Technology Via Sarfatti, 25 20136, Milano (MI), Italy
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang F, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Graphene nanoplatelets and reduced graphene oxide elevate the microalgal cytotoxicity of nano-zirconium oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130015. [PMID: 33690035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel products often have a multitude of nanomaterials embedded; likewise within many products graphite-based products are decorated with nano-zirconium oxide (nZrO2) because graphene is an ultrahigh conductive material whereas nZrO2 is for instance fire-retardant. As a consequence, the pristine/isolated nanoparticle has unique beneficial properties but it is no longer the only compound that needs to be considered in risk assessment. Data on joint toxicological implications are particularly important for the hazard assessment of multicomponent nanomaterials. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity induced by the co-occurrence of nZrO2 and two graphene nanomaterials including graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to the freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Exposure to GNPs and/or RGO induced enhanced cytotoxicity of nZrO2 to the algae. Intracellular oxidative stress and cellular membrane functional changes in C. pyrenoidosa were the reason for the enhancement of toxicity induced by the binary mixtures of GNPs/RGO and nZrO2. Furthermore, mitochondria-generated ROS played a major role in regulating the treatment-induced cellular response in the algae. Observations of cellular superficial- and ultra-structures indicated that the binary mixtures provoked oxidative damage to the algal cells. RGO increased the cytotoxicity and the extent of cellular oxidative stress to a higher extent than GNPs. These findings provide new insights that are of use in the risk assessment of mixtures of graphene-based carbon nanomaterials and other ENPs, and fit the new ideas on product testing that respects the combination effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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7
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Schmitz S, Izarova NV, van Leusen J, Kleemann K, Monakhov KY, Kögerler P. Expansion of Zirconium Oxide Clusters by 3d/4f Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11599-11608. [PMID: 34289690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of charge-neutral coordination clusters featuring quasi-isostructural metal oxide cores, isolated as [Zr6Fe2Ln2O8(ib)14(bda)2(NO3)2]·xMeCN (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), and Nd (4); ib- = isobutyrate; H2bda = N-butyldiethanolamine) and [Zr6Fe2Ln2O8(ib)14(mda)2(NO3)2]·xMeCN (Ln = La (5), Ce (6), Pr (7), and Nd (8); H2mda = N-methyldiethanolamine), were obtained via one-pot reactions of [Fe3O(ib)6(H2O)3]NO3 as a critical precursor, Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd), the respective aminoalcohol, and [Zr6O4(OH)4(ib)12(H2O)]·3Hib in an acetonitrile solution. The coordination clusters in 1-8 feature {Zr6O8} cores that are structurally expanded by two 4f (Ln3+) and two 3d (Fe3+) metal ions, each individually coordinated to one of the eight oxide centers of {Zr6O8}, producing a metal skeleton where the 3d/4f positions cap four of the triangular faces of the central Zr6 octahedron. The coordination clusters differ in the chosen aminoalcohol coligands, N-butyldiethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine, which lead to a different isobutyrate coordination pattern in the two series, while the {Fe2Ln2Zr6O8} core structure remains virtually unaffected. All eight coordination clusters are obtained in moderate to good yields of 29-66% after only several days. Complexes 1-8 are stable against air and moisture; they are also surprisingly thermally stable up to 280 °C in air and in nitrogen atmosphere, and they represent the first reported examples of 3d/4f-functionalized zirconium oxide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Natalya V Izarova
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Kleemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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8
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Lu Y, Zhao Z, Fan X, Cao X, Hai M, Yang Z, Zheng K, Lu J, Zhang J, Ma Y, Zhang R, Fang S. Zirconia/phenylsiloxane nano-composite for LED encapsulation with high and stable light extraction efficiency. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18326-18332. [PMID: 35480915 PMCID: PMC9033391 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a rapid processible LED encapsulant that leads to high and stable light extraction efficiency (LEE), UV curable ZrO2/phenyl-siloxane nano-composite (ZSC) double-layer encapsulants were prepared and optimized. The highly crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼14 nm were synthesized through a modified hydrothermal method at mild conditions, and a UV curable methacryl-diphenyl-polysiloxane (MDPS) with a refractive index (RI) of 1.54 (at 633 nm) was synthesized from self-condensation of diphenylsilanediol and an end-capping reaction. High refractive indexes (RIs) from 1.54–1.61 have been obtained for ZSC composites by adding 0–20 wt% ZrO2. Before and after sulfur vapor erosion, the double-layer encapsulated sample (M-10/M) showed 11.2% and 64.8% higher LEE respectively than that of Dow Corning OE-7662. Meanwhile, the variation of LED light color temperature (Tc) was less than 1%. The effect of the ZrO2 nanoparticle content on LEE of double-layer and single-layer encapsulation were compared and discussed based on Fresnel loss and Rayleigh scattering theories. The double-layered UV curing processing took only 1/6 of the time needed for common thermal curing. The double-layer encapsulation by a highly crystalline ZrO2/polydiphenylsiloxane composite affords 11.2% and 64.8% higher LEE respectively than that of OE-7662 before and after sulfur vapor erosion.![]()
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9
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Sanaullah I, Bashir M, Batool T, Riaz S, Ali D, Sabri AN, Naseem S. Tangerine mediated synthesis of zirconia as potential protective dental coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111653. [PMID: 33545821 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Demand of bioactive materials that may create a bacteria-free environment while healing and regenerating the defect area is increasing day by day. Zirconia is a very interesting material because of its biocompatibility and high fracture toughness. In this research work, zirconia nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using sol-gel method. Molarity of sols is varied in the range of 25 to 125 mM. The effect of acidic and basic nature of sols is studied by maintaining acidic (2) and basic (9) pH. As-synthesized NPs are made soluble in deionized (DI) water using tangerine drops. Dissolved NPs are spin coated onto glass substrate prior to characterization. Pure tetragonal phase, observed under all conditions using basic medium (pH 9), is accompanied by smaller crystallite size and unit cell volume. Presence of stabilized zirconia phase leads to higher value of density and higher mechanical strength. Nanodendrites with distinct features are observed for the sample prepared with high molarity using basic medium. Whereas, soft agglomerated nanodendrites are observed using acidic medium. Optical properties show transmission of 60-80% in the visible and infrared regions for acidic based samples and ~84% for basic samples. Direct energy band gap is varied from 4.96 eV to 5.1 eV in acidic (pH 2) and 4.91 eV to 4.97 eV in basic (pH 9) media. FTIR spectra show the formation of fundamental tetragonal band at 490 cm-1 for basic samples. Antibacterial response of zirconia is tested against E. coli, Streptococcus and Bacillus bacteria. Human teeth, bare and zirconia coated, are tested for their possible weight loss after dipping in various beverages. Zirconia coated tooth shows negligible degradation in hardness and weight after 24 hr dipping period. Thus, coatings prepared using water soluble zirconia (WSZ) nanoparticles, without the use of toxic solvents/reagents, are promising material to be used as protective coatings in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Sanaullah
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Bashir
- Department of Physics, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudia Arabia
| | - Anjum N Sabri
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
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10
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Hydrothermal implement with supporting of semiconductor ZrO2 (ZO), Ag doped ZrO2 (AZO) nanomaterial and its astrophysical, UV photocatalytic employment on Rh6G dye. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Aydin Z, Kondratenko VA, Lund H, Bartling S, Kreyenschulte CR, Linke D, Kondratenko EV. Revisiting Activity- and Selectivity-Enhancing Effects of Water in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane over MnOx-Na2WO4/SiO2 and Proving for Other Materials. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aydin
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vita A. Kondratenko
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Lund
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - David Linke
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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12
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Ahmed SR, Kang SW, Oh S, Lee J, Neethirajan S. Chiral zirconium quantum dots: A new class of nanocrystals for optical detection of coronavirus. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00766. [PMID: 30186985 PMCID: PMC6120744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic way of chiral zirconium quantum dots (Zr QDs) was presented for the first time using L(+)-ascorbic acid acts as a surface as well as chiral ligands. Different spectroscopic and microscopic analysis was performed for thorough characterization of Zr QDs. As-synthesized QDs exhibited fluorescence and circular dichroism properties, and the peaks were located at 412 nm and 352 nm, respectively. MTT assay was performed to test the cytotoxicity of the synthesized Zr QDs against rat brain glioma C6 cells. Synthesized QDs was further conjugated with anti-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) antibodies of coronavirus to form an immunolink at the presence of the target analyte and anti-IBV antibody-conjugated magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (MPNPs). The fluorescence properties of immuno-conjugated QD–MP NPs nanohybrids through separation by an external magnetic field enabled biosensing of coronavirus with a limit of detection of 79.15 EID/50 μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seon Woo Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Oh
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Neethirajan
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Xia Y, Zhang C, Wang JX, Wang D, Zeng XF, Chen JF. Synthesis of Transparent Aqueous ZrO 2 Nanodispersion with a Controllable Crystalline Phase without Modification for a High-Refractive-Index Nanocomposite Film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6806-6813. [PMID: 29771538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The controllable synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is of fundamental and technological interest. In this article, highly transparent aqueous nanodispersion of ZrO2 with controllable crystalline phase, high concentration, and long-term stability was facilely prepared without any modification via the reaction of inexpensive inorganic zirconium salt and sodium hydroxide in water under an acid surrounding, combined with hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared transparent nanodispersion had an average particle size of 7 nm, a high stability of 18 months, and a high solid content of 35 wt %. ZrO2 nanocrystals could be readily dispersed in many solvents with high polarity including ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, and N, N-dimethylformamide, forming stable transparent nanodispersions. Furthermore, highly transparent polyvinyl alcohol/ZrO2 nanocomposite films with high refractive index were successfully prepared with a simple solution mixing route. The refractive index could be tuned from 1.528 to 1.754 (@ 589 nm) by changing the mass fraction (0-80 wt %) of ZrO2 in transparent nanocomposite films.
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Enomoto K, Kikuchi M, Narumi A, Kawaguchi S. Surface Modifier-Free Organic-Inorganic Hybridization To Produce Optically Transparent and Highly Refractive Bulk Materials Composed of Epoxy Resins and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13985-13998. [PMID: 29608060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface modifier-free hybridization of ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with epoxy-based polymers is demonstrated for the first time to afford highly transparent and refractive bulk materials. This is achieved by a unique and versatile hybridization via the one-pot direct phase transfer of ZrO2 NPs from water to epoxy monomers without any aggregation followed by curing with anhydride. Three types of representative epoxy monomers, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (CEL), and 1,3,5-tris(3-(oxiran-2-yl)propyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (TEPIC), are used to produce transparent viscous dispersions. The resulting ZrO2 NPs are thoroughly characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR measurements. The results from DLS and TEM analyses indicate nanodispersion of ZrO2 into epoxy monomers as a continuous medium. A surface modification mechanism and the binding fashion during phase transfer are proposed based on the FT-IR and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR measurements. Epoxy-based hybrid materials with high transparency and refractive index are successfully fabricated by heat curing or polymerizing a mixture of monomers containing epoxy-functionalized ZrO2 NPs and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride in the presence of a phosphoric catalyst. The TEM and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the hybrids show a nanodispersion of ZrO2 in the epoxy networks. The refractive index at 594 nm ( n594) increases up to 1.765 for BADGE-based hybrids, 1.667 for CEL-based hybrids, and 1.693 for TEPIC-based hybrids. Their refractive indices and Abbe's numbers are quantitatively described by the Lorentz-Lorenz effective medium expansion theory. Their transmissivity is also reasonably explained using Fresnel refraction, Rayleigh scattering, and the Lambert-Beer theories. This surface modifier-free hybridization provides a versatile, fascinating, and promising method for synthesizing a variety of epoxy-based hybrid materials.
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Enomoto K, Ichijo Y, Nakano M, Kikuchi M, Narumi A, Horiuchi S, Kawaguchi S. Unique Hydrophobization and Hybridization via Direct Phase Transfer of ZrO2 Nanoparticles from Water to Toluene Producing Highly Transparent Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate) Hybrid Bulk Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shin Horiuchi
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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16
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Bansal P, Bhanjana G, Prabhakar N, Dhau JS, Chaudhary GR. Electrochemical sensor based on ZrO2 NPs/Au electrode sensing layer for monitoring hydrazine and catechol in real water samples. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Wang H, Chen H, Ni B, Wang K, He T, Wu Y, Wang X. Mesoporous ZrO 2 Nanoframes for Biomass Upgrading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26897-26906. [PMID: 28748701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and preparation of a high-performance catalyst for biomass upgrading are of great significance and remain a great challenge. In this work, mesoporous ZrO2 nanoframe, hollow ring, sphere, and core-shell nanostructures have been developed through a surfactant-free route for upgrading biomass acids into liquid alkane fuels. The obtained ZrO2 nanostructures possess well-defined hollow features, high surface areas, and mesopores. The diversity of the resultant ZrO2 nanostructures should arise from the discrepant hydrolysis of two different ligands in zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) as the zirconium precursor. The time-dependent experiments indicate that Ostwald ripening and salt-crystal-template formation mechanisms should account for hollow spheres and nanoframes, respectively. Impressively, compared with the hollow sphere, commercial nanoparticle, and the ever-reported typical results, the ZrO2 nanoframe-promoted Ni catalyst exhibits greatly enhanced catalytic activity in the upgrading of biomass acids to liquid alkane fuels, which should be ascribed to the hollow feature, large active surface area, highly dispersed Ni, and strong metal-support interactions arising from the structural advantages of nanoframes. The nanoframes also possess excellent solvothermal and thermal stability. Our findings here can be expected to offer new perspectives in material chemistry and ZrO2-based catalytic and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
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18
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Darr JA, Zhang J, Makwana NM, Weng X. Continuous Hydrothermal Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles: Applications and Future Directions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11125-11238. [PMID: 28771006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Their unique and tunable size-dependent properties (in the range 1-100 nm) make these materials indispensable in many modern technological applications. In this Review, we summarize the state-of-art in the manufacture and applications of inorganic nanoparticles made using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) processes. First, we introduce ideal requirements of any flow process for nanoceramics production, outline different approaches to CHFS, and introduce the pertinent properties of supercritical water and issues around mixing in flow, to generate nanoparticles. This Review then gives comprehensive coverage of the current application space for CHFS-made nanomaterials including optical, healthcare, electronics (including sensors, information, and communication technologies), catalysis, devices (including energy harvesting/conversion/fuels), and energy storage applications. Thereafter, topics of precursor chemistry and products, as well as materials or structures, are discussed (surface-functionalized hybrids, nanocomposites, nanograined coatings and monoliths, and metal-organic frameworks). Later, this Review focuses on some of the key apparatus innovations in the field, such as in situ flow/rapid heating systems (to investigate kinetics and mechanisms), approaches to high throughput flow syntheses (for nanomaterials discovery), as well as recent developments in scale-up of hydrothermal flow processes. Finally, this Review covers environmental considerations, future directions and capabilities, along with the conclusions and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawwad A Darr
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Neel M Makwana
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaole Weng
- Department of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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19
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Deshmukh R, Niederberger M. Mechanistic Aspects in the Formation, Growth and Surface Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Chemistry 2017; 23:8542-8570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Deshmukh
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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20
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Balaji S, Mandal BK, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Chidambaram R. Nano-zirconia - Evaluation of its antioxidant and anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 170:125-133. [PMID: 28431297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactivity of nanomaterials largely depends on its size, shape and crystalline nature. In this work, the smaller sized spherical shaped nano-zirconia (ZrO2 NPs) (of ~9 to 11nm) was fabricated and studied its biological activity especially antioxidant and cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines. To have its real applications in biological aspects readily available Eucalyptus globulus (E. globulus) leaf extract was used as an effective capping and reducing agent for its synthesis. The prepared ZrO2 NPs was characterized by using different sophisticated instrumentations such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR, TEM, SAED, EDX, DLS and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cellular mitochondrial activity i.e. cell viability was measured by MTT assay and anti-oxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. The smaller sized ZrO2 NPs showed strong antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity on human cancer cell lines. Comparative cytotoxic studies were conducted on human cancerous cell lines using different techniques. Results confirmed the efficient anti-cancer activities of the fabricated ZrO2 NPs towards the tested cell lines as well as efficient anti-oxidant activity. This is the first study in which E. globulus leaf extract was used to synthesize smaller spherical shaped ZrO2 NPs for improved bioactivity i.e. antioxidant and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripireddy Balaji
- Trace Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Badal Kumar Mandal
- Trace Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Chidambaram
- Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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De Roo J, Baquero EA, Coppel Y, De Keukeleere K, Van Driessche I, Nayral C, Hens Z, Delpech F. Insights into the Ligand Shell, Coordination Mode, and Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Capped Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. Chempluschem 2016; 81:1216-1223. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Edwin A. Baquero
- INSA, UPS, CNRS; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO); Université de Toulouse; 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Yannick Coppel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, UPR 8241; Université de Toulouse; 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Katrien De Keukeleere
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Isabel Van Driessche
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Céline Nayral
- INSA, UPS, CNRS; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO); Université de Toulouse; 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
| | - Zeger Hens
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281-S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Fabien Delpech
- INSA, UPS, CNRS; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO); Université de Toulouse; 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
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Comprehensive profiling of ribonucleosides modification by affinity zirconium oxide-silica composite monolithic column online solid–phase microextraction – Mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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De Roo J, De Keukeleere K, Hens Z, Van Driessche I. From ligands to binding motifs and beyond; the enhanced versatility of nanocrystal surfaces. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13277-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Surface chemistry bridges the gap between nanocrystal synthesis and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. De Roo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - K. De Keukeleere
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Z. Hens
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - I. Van Driessche
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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