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Rocha J, de Oliveira JC, Bettini J, Strauss M, Selmi GS, Okazaki AK, de Oliveira RF, Lima RS, Santhiago M. Tuning the Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Paper-Based Carbon Electrodes by Pyrolysis of Polydopamine. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:188-200. [PMID: 38645575 PMCID: PMC11027207 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices represent an important platform for portable, low-cost, affordable, and decentralized diagnostics. For this kind of application, chemical functionalization plays a pivotal role to ensure high clinical performance by tuning surface properties and the area of electrodes. However, controlling different surface properties of electrodes by using a single functionalization route is still challenging. In this work, we attempted to tune the wettability, chemical composition, and electroactive area of carbon-paper-based devices by thermally treating polydopamine (PDA) at different temperatures. PDA films were deposited onto pyrolyzed paper (PP) electrodes and thermally treated in the range of 300-1000 °C. After deposition of PDA, the surface is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, it is superhydrophilic, and it has a high electroactive area. As the temperature increases, the surface becomes hydrophobic, and the electroactive area decreases. The surface modifications were followed by Raman, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the chemical composition of nitrogen species can be tuned on the surface. As a proof of concept, we employed PDA-treated surfaces to anchor [AuCl4]- ions. After electrochemical reduction, we observed that it is possible to control the size of the nanoparticles on the surface. Our route opens a new avenue to add versatility to electrochemical interfaces in the field of paper-based electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline
F. Rocha
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Julia C. de Oliveira
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Selmi
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física
Gleb Wataghin, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Anderson K. Okazaki
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. de Oliveira
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Universidade
Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física
Gleb Wataghin, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Carlos 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian
Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
- Federal
University of ABC, São Paulo, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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2
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Park H, Kim DC. Structural and Material-Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 38258185 PMCID: PMC10821428 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable displays, capable of freely transforming their shapes, have received significant attention as alternatives to conventional rigid displays, and they are anticipated to provide new opportunities in various human-friendly electronics applications. As a core component of stretchable displays, high-performance stretchable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged. The approaches to fabricate stretchable LEDs are broadly categorized into two groups, namely "structural" and "material-based" approaches, based on the mechanisms to tolerate strain. While structural approaches rely on specially designed geometries to dissipate applied strain, material-based approaches mainly focus on replacing conventional rigid components of LEDs to soft and stretchable materials. Here, we review the latest studies on the fabrication of stretchable LEDs, which is accomplished through these distinctive strategies. First, we introduce representative device designs for efficient strain distribution, encompassing island-bridge structures, wavy buckling, and kirigami-/origami-based structures. For the material-based approaches, we discuss the latest studies for intrinsically stretchable (is-) electronic/optoelectronic materials, including the formation of conductive nanocomposite and polymeric blending with various additives. The review also provides examples of is-LEDs, focusing on their luminous performance and stretchability. We conclude this review with a brief outlook on future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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3
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de Lima Tinoco MV, Fujii LR, Nicoliche CYN, Giordano GF, Barbosa JA, da Rocha JF, Dos Santos GT, Bettini J, Santhiago M, Strauss M, Lima RS. Scalable and green formation of graphitic nanolayers produces highly conductive pyrolyzed paper toward sensitive electrochemical sensors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6201-6214. [PMID: 36917005 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While pyrolyzed paper (PP) is a green and abundant material that can provide functionalized electrodes with wide detection windows for a plethora of targets, it poses long-standing challenges against sensing assays such as poor electrical conductivity, with resistivities generally higher than 200.0 mΩ cm (e.g., gold and silver show resistivities 1000-fold lower, ∼0.2 mΩ cm). In this regard, the fundamental hypothesis that drives this work is whether a scalable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly strategy is capable of significantly reducing the resistivity of PP electrodes toward the development of sensitive electrochemical sensors, whether faradaic or capacitive. We address this hypothesis by simply annealing PP under an isopropanol atmosphere for 1 h, reaching resistivities as low as 7 mΩ cm. Specifically, the annealing of PP at 800 or 1000 °C under isopropanol vapor leads to the formation of a highly graphitic nanolayer (∼15 nm) on the PP surface, boosting conductivity as the delocalization of π electrons stemming from carbon sp2 is favored. The reduction of carbonyl groups and the deposition of dehydrated isopropanol during the annealing process are hypothesized herein as the dominant PP graphitization mechanisms. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated the capability of the annealed PP to increase the charge-transfer kinetics, with the optimum heterogeneous standard rate constant being roughly 3.6 × 10-3 cm s-1. This value is larger than the constants reported for other carbon electrodes and indium tin oxide. Furthermore, freestanding fingers of the annealed PP were prototyped using a knife plotter to fabricate impedimetric on-leaf electrodes. These wearable sensors ensured the real-time and in situ monitoring of the loss of water content from soy leaves, outperforming non-annealed electrodes in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity. Such an application is of pivotal importance for precision agriculture and development of agricultural inputs. This work addresses the foundations for the achievement of conductive PP in a scalable, low-cost, simple, and eco-friendly way, i.e. without producing any liquid chemical waste, providing new opportunities to translate PP-based sensitive electrochemical devices into practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V de Lima Tinoco
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas R Fujii
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Y N Nicoliche
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela F Giordano
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Julia A Barbosa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline F da Rocha
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Dos Santos
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- Material Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Renato S Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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4
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Zheng Q, Xu C, Jiang Z, Zhu M, Chen C, Fu F. Smart Actuators Based on External Stimulus Response. Front Chem 2021; 9:650358. [PMID: 34136462 PMCID: PMC8200850 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.650358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart actuators refer to integrated devices that are composed of smart and artificial materials, and can provide actuation and dampening capabilities in response to single/multi external stimuli (such as light, heat, magnetism, electricity, humidity, and chemical reactions). Due to their capability of dynamically sensing and interaction with complex surroundings, smart actuators have attracted increasing attention in different application fields, such as artificial muscles, smart textiles, smart sensors, and soft robots. Among these intelligent material, functional hydrogels with fiber structure are of great value in the manufacture of smart actuators. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in stimuli-responsive actuators based on functional materials. We emphasized the important role of functional nano-material-based additives in the preparation of the stimulus response materials, then analyzed the driving response medium, the preparation method, and the performance of different stimuli responses in detail. In addition, some challenges and future prospects of smart actuators are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxue Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.,Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Mazurkiewicz W, Podrażka M, Jarosińska E, Kappalakandy Valapil K, Wiloch M, Jönsson‐Niedziółka M, Witkowska Nery E. Paper‐Based Electrochemical Sensors and How to Make Them (Work). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Podrażka
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jarosińska
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Wiloch
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Emilia Witkowska Nery
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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6
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Hui Z, Chen R, Chang J, Gong Y, Zhang X, Xu H, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhou R, Ju F, Chen Q, Zhou J, An J, Sun G, Huang W. Solution-Processed Sensing Textiles with Adjustable Sensitivity and Linear Detection Range Enabled by Twisting Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12155-12164. [PMID: 32053344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain sensors are emerging rapidly for their promising applications in human motion detection for diagnosis, healthcare, training instruction, and rehabilitation exercise assessment. However, it remains a bottleneck in gaining comfortable and breathable devices with the features of high sensitivity, linear response, and tunable detection range. Textiles possess fascinating advantages of good breathability, aesthetic property, tailorability, and excellent mechanical compliance to conformably attach to human body. As the meandering loops in a textile can be extended in different directions, it provides plenty of room for exploring ideal sensors by tuning a twisting structure with rationally selected yarn materials. Herein, textile sensors with twisting architecture are designed via a solution-based process by using a stable water-based conductive ink that is composed of polypyrrole/polyvinyl alcohol nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 50 nm. Depending on the predesigned twisting models, the thus-fabricated textile sensors show adjustable performances, exhibiting a high sensitivity of 38.9 with good linearity and a broad detection range of 200%. Such sensors can be integrated into fabrics and conformably attached to skin for monitoring subtle (facial expressions, breathing, and speaking) and large (stretching, jumping, running and jogging, and sign language) human motions. As a proof-of-concept application, by integrating with a wireless transmitter, the signals detected by our sensors during exercise (e.g., running) can be remotely received and displayed on a smartphone. It is believed that the integration of our textile sensors with selected twisting models into a cloth promises full-range motion detection for wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Hui
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Gong
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xianwang Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lumin Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ruicong Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ju
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jianing An
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gengzhi Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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7
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Zhao X, Han W, Jiang Y, Zhao C, Ji X, Kong F, Xu W, Zhang X. A honeycomb-like paper-based thermoelectric generator based on a Bi 2Te 3/bacterial cellulose nanofiber coating. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17725-17735. [PMID: 31549120 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of paper, such as its light weight, flexibility, foldability, portability and degradability, have led to increasing interest in fabricating flexible energy storage devices and power supply devices on paper-based substrates. Hereby, a robust honeycomb-like thermoelectric generator (TEG) inspired by the origami and kirigami techniques was established in the present study. A thermoelectric ink with the properties of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity was formulated by Bi2Te3 and bacterial cellulose (BC). The formulated ink was printed on a paper surface using a facile processing method. The manufactured paper was further folded and bonded to fabricate a honeycomb-like TEG. This honeycomb-like paper-based TEG exhibited 96 p-n junctions, achieving a maximum voltage and output power of ∼70.5 mV and ∼596 nW, respectively, at a 55 K temperature difference. Moreover, the honeycomb structure was able to withstand a large number of bending and stretching cycles while maintaining its pristine structure. This unique honeycomb structure thus provides a new strategy for future development of paper-based TEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
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8
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Tran H, Bergman HM, Parenti KR, van der Zande AM, Dean CR, Campos LM. Hierarchical patterns with sub-20 nm pattern fidelity via block copolymer self-assembly and soft nanotransfer printing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of a technique to transfer micrometer patterns of organic thin films with sub-50 nm edge resolution and sub-20 nm pattern fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
| | | | | | | | - Cory R. Dean
- Department of Physics
- Columbia University
- New York
- USA
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9
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cui K, Ge S, Cheng X, Yan M, Yu J, Liu H. Flexible Electronics Based on Micro/Nanostructured Paper. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801588. [PMID: 30066444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, a new surge of interest in paper electronics has arisen due to the numerous merits of simple micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of paper-based flexible electronics are highlighted. Following an introduction of the fascinating properties of paper matrixes, the construction of paper substrates from diverse functional materials for flexible electronics and their underlying principles are described. Then, notable progress related to the development of versatile electronic devices is discussed. Finally, future opportunities and the remaining challenges are examined. It is envisioned that more design concepts, working principles, and advanced papermaking techniques will be developed in the near future for the advanced functionalization of paper, paving the way for the mass production and commercial applications of flexible paper-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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10
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Tahernia M, Mohammadifar M, Hassett DJ, Choi S. A Fully-Papertronic Biosensing Array for High-Throughput Characterization of Microbial Electrogenicity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:1-4. [PMID: 30440326 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, we report a low-cost, disposable fully-papertronic screening platform for rapid screening and identification of electroactive microorganisms. This novel papertronic device is capable of simultaneous characterizing the electrogenicity of 10' s of the newly discovered, genetically engineered, bacteria. This work explored an exciting range of possibilities with the goal of fusing microbial fuel cell technology with 'papertronics,' the emerging field of paper-based electronics. Spatially distinct 64 sensing units of the array were constructed by patterning hydrophilic anodic reservoirs in paper with hydrophobic wax boundaries and utilizing 3-D multi-laminate paper structures. Full integration of a high-performance microbial sensor on paper can be achieved by improving the microbial electron exchange with the electrodes in an engineered conductive paper reservoir and reducing cathodic overpotential by using a solid electron acceptor on paper. Furthermore, the intrinsic capillary force of the paper and the increased capacity from the engineered reservoir allowed for rapid adsorption of the bacterial sample and promote immediate microbial cell attachment to the electrode, leading to instant power generation with even a small amount of the liquid.
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11
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Santhiago M, da Costa PG, Pereira MP, Corrêa CC, de Morais VB, Bufon CCB. Versatile and Robust Integrated Sensors To Locally Assess Humidity Changes in Fully Enclosed Paper-Based Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35631-35638. [PMID: 30247018 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The synergic combination of materials and interfaces to create novel functional devices is a crucial approach for various applications, including low-cost paper-based point-of-care systems. In this work, we demonstrate the implementation of surface-modified polypyrrole (PPy) structures, monolithically integrated into a three-dimensional multilayered paper-based microfluidic device, to locally assess humidity changes. The fabrication and integration of the system include the deterministic incorporation of PPy into the paper-based structure by gas-phase polymerization and the modification of the polymer properties to allow local humidity monitoring. The functionalization of PPy changes both the wettability and the chemical composition of the interface, what is of fundamental importance for the sensor's operation. The PPy structure has excellent mechanical stability, enduring at least 600 bending cycles, what is of relevance on flexible electronics. The electrical resistance correlates with the local relative humidity (RH) inside of the sealed microfluidic system, and the sensor response is fully reversible. The integrated system capable of locally monitoring the RH allowed us to verify that inside the microfluidic channel, water molecules can diffuse across the wax barriers-a possibility disregarded so far. Our results attest that RH variations of 5-10% can affect the flow of extended channels (>5 cm) even when they are fully enclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Priscila G da Costa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mariane P Pereira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cátia C Corrêa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vitória B de Morais
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
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12
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Forman JE, Timperley CM, Aas P, Abdollahi M, Alonso IP, Baulig A, Becker-Arnold R, Borrett V, Cariño FA, Curty C, Gonzalez D, Kovarik Z, Martínez-Álvarez R, Mikulak R, de Souza Nogueria E, Ramasami P, Raza SK, Saeed AEM, Takeuchi K, Tang C, Trifirò F, van Straten FM, Waqar F, Zaitsev V, Zina MS, Grolmusová K, Valente G, Payva M, Sun S, Yang A, van Eerten D. Innovative technologies for chemical security. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Advances across the chemical and biological (life) sciences are increasingly enabled by ideas and tools from sectors outside these disciplines, with information and communication technologies playing a key role across 21st century scientific development. In the face of rapid technological change, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the implementing body of the Chemical Weapons Convention (“the Convention”), seeks technological opportunities to strengthen capabilities in the field of chemical disarmament. The OPCW Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) in its review of developments in science and technology examined the potential uses of emerging technologies for the implementation of the Convention at a workshop entitled “Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security”, held from 3 to 5 July 2017, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event, organized in cooperation with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine of the United States of America, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Brazilian Chemical Society, was attended by 45 scientists and engineers from 22 countries. Their insights into the use of innovative technological tools and how they might benefit chemical disarmament and non-proliferation informed the SAB’s report on developments in science and technology for the Fourth Review Conference of the Convention (to be held in November 2018), and are described herein, as are recommendations that the SAB submitted to the OPCW Director-General and the States Parties of the Convention. It is concluded that technologies exist or are under development that could be used for investigations, contingency, assistance and protection, reducing risks to inspectors, and enhancing sampling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Forman
- Secretary to the Scientific Advisory Board and Science Policy Adviser, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Christopher M. Timperley
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), Porton Down, Salisbury , Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ , UK
| | - Pål Aas
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) , Kjeller , Norway
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Augustin Baulig
- Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale (SGDSN) , Paris , France
| | | | - Veronica Borrett
- BAI Scientific , Melbourne , Australia ; and Honorary Fellow, University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Flerida A. Cariño
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines , Quezon City , Philippines
| | | | - David Gonzalez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health , Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Robert Mikulak
- United States Department of State , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Evandro de Souza Nogueria
- Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC) , Brasilia , Brazil
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Réduit 80837 , Mauritius
| | - Syed K. Raza
- Institute of Pesticides Formulation Technology (IPFT) , Gurugram, Haryana , India
| | | | - Koji Takeuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Cheng Tang
- Office for the Disposal of Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons, Ministry of National Defence , Beijing , China
| | - Ferruccio Trifirò
- Department of Industrial Chemistry , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | | | - Farhat Waqar
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Volodymyr Zaitsev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv , Ukraine ; and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | - Guy Valente
- Assistance and Protection Branch, OPCW , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Marlene Payva
- Office of Strategy and Policy, OPCW , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Siqing Sun
- Interns in the Office of Strategy and Policy, OPCW , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Amy Yang
- Interns in the Office of Strategy and Policy, OPCW , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Darcy van Eerten
- Interns in the Office of Strategy and Policy, OPCW , The Hague , The Netherlands
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Shu J, Qiu Z, Tang D. Self-Referenced Smartphone Imaging for Visual Screening of H2S Using CuxO-Polypyrrole Conductive Aerogel Doped with Graphene Oxide Framework. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9691-9694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE and Fujian Province), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People’s Republic of China
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Paschoalino WJ, Kogikoski S, Barragan JTC, Giarola JF, Cantelli L, Rabelo TM, Pessanha TM, Kubota LT. Emerging Considerations for the Future Development of Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemir J. Paschoalino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Sergio Kogikoski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - José T. C. Barragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Giarola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lory Cantelli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Thais M. Rabelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Tatiana M. Pessanha
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lauro T. Kubota
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
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15
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Channon RB, Nguyen MP, Scorzelli AG, Henry EM, Volckens J, Dandy DS, Henry CS. Rapid flow in multilayer microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:793-802. [PMID: 29431751 PMCID: PMC7071557 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are a versatile and inexpensive point-of-care (POC) technology, but their widespread adoption has been limited by slow flow rates and the inability to carry out complex in field analytical measurements. In the present work, we investigate multilayer μPADs as a means to generate enhanced flow rates within self-pumping paper devices. Through optical and electrochemical measurements, the fluid dynamics are investigated and compared to established flow theories within μPADs. We demonstrate a ∼145-fold increase in flow rate (velocity = 1.56 cm s-1, volumetric flow rate = 1.65 mL min-1, over 5.5 cm) through precise control of the channel height in a 2 layer paper device, as compared to archetypical 1 layer μPAD designs. These design considerations are then applied to a self-pumping sequential injection device format, known as a three-dimensional paper network (3DPN). These 3DPN devices are characterized through flow injection analysis of a ferrocene complex and anodic stripping detection of cadmium, exhibiting a 5× enhancement in signal compared to stationary measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Channon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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16
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Kim W, Lee JS, Shin DH, Jang J. Platinum nanoparticles immobilized on polypyrrole nanofibers for non-enzyme oxalic acid sensor. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1272-1278. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00629b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxalic acid (OA), naturally available in many fruits and vegetables, reacts easily with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions to produce an insoluble salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- Department of Nanochemistry
- College of Bionano
- Gachon University
- Sungnam
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Korea
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17
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Park J, Youn JR, Song YS. Carbon Nanotube Embedded Nanostructure for Biometrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44724-44731. [PMID: 29190074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low electric energy loss is a very important problem to minimize the decay of transferred energy intensity due to impedance mismatch. This issue has been dealt with by adding an impedance matching layer at the interface between two media. A strategy was proposed to improve the charge transfer from the human body to a biometric device by using an impedance matching nanostructure. Nanocomposite pattern arrays were fabricated with shape memory polymer and carbon nanotubes. The shape recovery ability of the nanopatterns enhanced durability and sustainability of the structure. It was found that the composite nanopatterns improved the current transfer by two times compared with the nonpatterned composite sample. The underlying mechanism of the enhanced charge transport was understood by carrying out a numerical simulation. We anticipate that this study can provide a new pathway for developing advanced biometric devices with high sensitivity to biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyuk Park
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryoun Youn
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Song
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University , Gyeonggi Do 16890, Republic of Korea
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18
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Moon IK, Yoon S, Lee HU, Kim SW, Oh J. Three-Dimensional Flexible All-Organic Conductors for Multifunctional Wearable Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40580-40592. [PMID: 29067808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable textile electrodes based on π-conjugated polymers are appealing alternatives to carbon fabrics, conductive yarns, or metal wires because of their design flexibility, low cost, flexibility, and high throughput. This provides the benefits of both electronics and textiles. Herein, a general and new method has been developed to produce tailorable, wearable energy devices that are based on three-dimensional (3D) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated textile conductors. To obtain the desired electrode materials, both facile solution-dropping polymerization methods are used to fabricate a 3D flexible PEDOT conductor on a cotton textile (PEDOT/textile). PEDOT/textile shows a very low sheet resistance of 4.6-4.9 Ω·sq-1. Here, we employ the example of this 3D network-like structure and the excellent electrical conductivities under the large deformation of PEDOT/textiles to show that wearable and portable heaters have immense potential. A flexible textile heater with a large area (8 × 7.8 cm2) reached a saturation temperature of ∼83.9 °C when a bias of 7 V was applied for ∼70 s due to the good electrical conductivity of PEDOT. To demonstrate the performance of all-solid-state supercapacitors, nano-ascidian-like PEDOT (PEDOT-NA) arrays were prepared via a simple vapor-phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene on PEDOT/textile to increase both the surface area and the number of ion diffusion paths. The PEDOT-NA arrays on PEDOT/textile showed outstanding performance with an areal capacitance of 563.3 mF·cm-2 at 0.4 mA·cm-2 and extraordinary mechanical flexibility. The maximum volumetric power density and energy density of the nanostructured PEDOT on the textile were 1.75 W·cm-3 and 0.0812 Wh·cm-3, respectively. It is expected that the wearable nanostructured conducting polymers will have advantages when used as structures for smart textronics and energy conversion/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hee Uk Lee
- Development of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Development of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
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19
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Santhiago M, Corrêa CC, Bernardes JS, Pereira MP, Oliveira LJM, Strauss M, Bufon CCB. Flexible and Foldable Fully-Printed Carbon Black Conductive Nanostructures on Paper for High-Performance Electronic, Electrochemical, and Wearable Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24365-24372. [PMID: 28650141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the first example of fully printed carbon nanomaterials on paper with unique features, aiming the fabrication of functional electronic and electrochemical devices. Bare and modified inks were prepared by combining carbon black and cellulose acetate to achieve high-performance conductive tracks with low sheet resistance. The carbon black tracks withstand extremely high folding cycles (>20 000 cycles), a new record-high with a response loss of less than 10%. The conductive tracks can also be used as 3D paper-based electrochemical cells with high heterogeneous rate constants, a feature that opens a myriad of electrochemical applications. As a relevant demonstrator, the conductive ink modified with Prussian-blue was electrochemically characterized proving to be very promising toward the detection of hydrogen peroxide at very low potentials. Moreover, carbon black circuits can be fully crumpled with negligible change in their electrical response. Fully printed motion and wearable sensors are additional examples where bioinspired microcracks are created on the conductive track. The wearable devices are capable of efficiently monitoring extremely low bending angles including human motions, fingers, and forearm. Here, to the best of our knowledge, the mechanical, electronic, and electrochemical performance of the proposed devices surpasses the most recent advances in paper-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cátia C Corrêa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Bernardes
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mariane P Pereira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia J M Oliveira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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20
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Santhiago M, Strauss M, Pereira MP, Chagas AS, Bufon CCB. Direct Drawing Method of Graphite onto Paper for High-Performance Flexible Electrochemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11959-11966. [PMID: 28296386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast fabrication method to create high-performance pencil-drawn electrochemical sensors is reported for the first time. The sluggish electron transfer observed on bare pencil-drawn surfaces was enhanced using two electrochemical steps: first oxidizing the surface and then reducing it in a subsequent step. The heterogeneous rate constant was found to be 5.1 × 10-3 cm s-1, which is the highest value reported so far for pencil-drawn surfaces. We mapped the origin of such performance by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the oxidation process leads to chemical and structural transformations on the electrode surface. As a proof-of-concept, we modified the pencil-drawn surface with Meldola's blue to electrocatalytically detect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The electrochemical device exhibited the highest catalytic constant (1.7 × 105 L mol-1 s-1) and the lowest detection potential for NADH reported so far in paper-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), CNPEM , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), CNPEM , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariane P Pereira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), CNPEM , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andréia S Chagas
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), CNPEM , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos C B Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), CNPEM , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UNICAMP , 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin" (IFGW), UNICAMP , 13083-859 Campinas, Brazil
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