1
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Gao H, Xing Z, Liu J, Chen X, Zhou N, Zheng Y, Tang L, Jin L, Gao J, Meng Z. Bioinspired Photoelectronic Synergy Coating with Antifogging and Antibacterial Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10589-10599. [PMID: 38728854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Optically transparent glass with antifogging and antibacterial properties is in high demand for endoscopes, goggles, and medical display equipment. However, many of the previously reported coatings have limitations in terms of long-term antifogging and efficient antibacterial properties, environmental friendliness, and versatility. In this study, inspired by catfish and sphagnum moss, a novel photoelectronic synergy antifogging and antibacterial coating was prepared by cross-linking polyethylenimine-modified titanium dioxide (PEI-TiO2), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The as-prepared coating could remain fog-free under hot steam for more than 40 min. The experimental results indicate that the long-term antifogging properties are due to the water absorption and spreading characteristics. Moreover, the organic-inorganic hybrid of PEI and TiO2 was first applied to enhance the antibacterial performance. The Staphylococcus aureus and the Escherichia coli growth inhibition rates of the as-prepared coating reached 97 and 96% respectively. A photoelectronic synergy antifogging and antibacterial mechanism based on the positive electrical and photocatalytic properties of PEI-TiO2 was proposed. This investigation provides insight into designing multifunctional bioinspired surface materials to realize antifogging and antibacterial that can be applied to medicine and daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Zetian Xing
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Lianlian Tang
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Nursing, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, P. R. China
| | - Zong Meng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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2
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Li Y, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Advanced Antimicrobial and Anti-Infective Strategies to Manage Peri-Implant Infection: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:125. [PMID: 38786523 PMCID: PMC11120417 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite reductions in bacterial infection and enhanced success rate, the widespread use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in implant dentistry is controversial. This use has contributed to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, along with creating significant health and economic burdens. The basic mechanisms that cause implant infection can be targeted by new prevention and treatment methods which can also lead to the reduction of systemic antibiotic exposure and its associated adverse effects. This review aims to summarize advanced biomaterial strategies applied to implant components based on anti-pathogenic mechanisms and immune balance mechanisms. It emphasizes that modifying the dental implant surface and regulating the early immune response are promising strategies, which may further prevent or slow the development of peri-implant infection, and subsequent failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (Y.L.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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3
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Jin E, Lv Z, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Li H. Nature-Inspired Micro/Nano-Structured Antibacterial Surfaces. Molecules 2024; 29:1906. [PMID: 38731407 PMCID: PMC11085384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of bacterial resistance has become more and more common with improvements in health care. Worryingly, the misuse of antibiotics leads to an increase in bacterial multidrug resistance and the development of new antibiotics has virtually stalled. These challenges have prompted the need to combat bacterial infections with the use of radically different approaches. Taking lessons from the exciting properties of micro-/nano-natural-patterned surfaces, which can destroy cellular integrity, the construction of artificial surfaces to mimic natural functions provides new opportunities for the innovation and development of biomedicine. Due to the diversity of natural surfaces, functional surfaces inspired by natural surfaces have a wide range of applications in healthcare. Nature-inspired surface structures have emerged as an effective and durable strategy to prevent bacterial infection, opening a new way to alleviate the problem of bacterial drug resistance. The present situation of bactericidal and antifouling surfaces with natural and biomimetic micro-/nano-structures is briefly reviewed. In addition, these innovative nature-inspired methods are used to manufacture a variety of artificial surfaces to achieve extraordinary antibacterial properties. In particular, the physical antibacterial effect of nature-inspired surfaces and the functional mechanisms of chemical groups, small molecules, and ions are discussed, as well as the wide current and future applications of artificial biomimetic micro-/nano-surfaces. Current challenges and future development directions are also discussed at the end. In the future, controlling the use of micro-/nano-structures and their subsequent functions will lead to biomimetic surfaces offering great potential applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - He Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (E.J.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.)
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4
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Xu K, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Shi Y, Wen X, Xu Y. MoO xNWs with mechanical damage - oriented synergistic photothermal / photodynamic therapy for highly effective treating wound infections. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:235-245. [PMID: 38244492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy has emerged as a promising antibacterial strategy. However, it faces the limitations of uncontrollable space-time release and excessive lipid peroxidation, which may lead to a series of metabolic disorders and decreased immune function. In this study, mechanical damage by molybdenum oxide nanowires (MoOxNWs) is introduced as a synergistic factor to enhance the photothermal and photodynamic effects for controllable and efficient antibacterial therapy. Through their sharp ends, the nanowires can effectively pierce and damage the bacterial cells, thus facilitating the entry of externally generated ROS into the cells. The ROS are generated via photodynamic effect of the nanowires under a mere 5 min of near-infrared light irradiation. This approach enhances the photothermal (by 27.3 %) and photodynamic properties of ROS generation. MoOxNWs (100 μg·mL-1) achieve sterilisation rates of 97.67 % for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli and 96.34 % for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which are comparable or even exceeding the efficacy of most MoOx-based antibacterial agents. Moreover, they exhibit good biocompatibility and low in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Limin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xueyun Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 9 Qingdao 266071, China.
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5
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DeFlorio W, Zaza A, Arcot Y, Min Y, Castillo A, Taylor M, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Akbulut MES. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Nanocoating Based on Polydopamine and Nanodiamonds to Mitigate Bacterial Attachment to Polyvinyl Chloride Surfaces in Food Industry Environments. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:6235-6248. [PMID: 38617109 PMCID: PMC11009964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is commonly utilized as a food-contact surface by the food industry for processing and storage purposes due to its durability, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we report a composite coating for the superhydrophobization of PVC without the use of polyfluoroalkyl chemistry. This coating rendered the PVC superhydrophobic, exhibiting a static water contact angle of 151.9 ± 0.7° and a contact angle hysteresis of only 3.1 ± 1.0°. The structure of this composite coating, consisting of polydopamine, nanodiamonds, and an alkyl silane, was investigated by utilizing both scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Surface chemistry was probed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, and the surface wetting behavior was thoroughly characterized using both static and dynamic water contact angle measurements. It was demonstrated that the superhydrophobic PVC was cleanable using a food-grade surfactant, becoming wet in contact with high concentration surfactant solutions, but regaining its nonwetting property upon rinsing with water. It was demonstrated that the coating produced a 2.1 ± 0.1 log10 reduction (99.2%) in the number of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells and a 2.2 ± 0.1 log10 reduction (99.3%) in the number of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium cells that were able to adsorb onto PVC surfaces over a 24 h period. The use of this fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating on PVC equipment, such as conveyor belts within food production facilities, may help to mitigate bacterial cross-contamination and curb the spread of foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William DeFlorio
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Abdulla Zaza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar
| | - Yashwanth Arcot
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Younjin Min
- Depart
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Matthew Taylor
- Department
of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department
of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mustafa E. S. Akbulut
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Ishak MI, Delint RC, Liu X, Xu W, Tsimbouri PM, Nobbs AH, Dalby MJ, Su B. Nanotextured titanium inhibits bacterial activity and supports cell growth on 2D and 3D substrate: A co-culture study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213766. [PMID: 38232578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Medical implant-associated infections pose a significant challenge to modern medicine, with aseptic loosening and bacterial infiltration being the primary causes of implant failure. While nanostructured surfaces have demonstrated promising antibacterial properties, the translation of their efficacy from 2D to 3D substrates remains a challenge. Here, we used scalable alkaline etching to fabricate nanospike and nanonetwork topologies on 2D and laser powder-bed fusion printed 3D titanium. The fabricated surfaces were compared with regard to their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mesenchymal stromal cell responses with and without the presence of bacteria. Finite elemental analysis assessed the mechanical properties and permeability of the 3D substrate. Our findings suggest that 3D nanostructured surfaces have potential to both prevent implant infections and allow host cell integration. This work represents a significant step towards developing effective and scalable fabrication methods on 3D substrates with consistent and reproducible antibacterial activity, with important implications for the future of medical implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd I Ishak
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rosalia Cuahtecontzi Delint
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Xiayi Liu
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
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7
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Kumar R, Rezapourian M, Rahmani R, Maurya HS, Kamboj N, Hussainova I. Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:209. [PMID: 38667221 PMCID: PMC11048303 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Friction, wear, and the consequent energy dissipation pose significant challenges in systems with moving components, spanning various domains, including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and bio-MEMS (microrobots), hip prostheses (biomaterials), offshore wind and hydro turbines, space vehicles, solar mirrors for photovoltaics, triboelectric generators, etc. Nature-inspired bionic surfaces offer valuable examples of effective texturing strategies, encompassing various geometric and topological approaches tailored to mitigate frictional effects and related functionalities in various scenarios. By employing biomimetic surface modifications, for example, roughness tailoring, multifunctionality of the system can be generated to efficiently reduce friction and wear, enhance load-bearing capacity, improve self-adaptiveness in different environments, improve chemical interactions, facilitate biological interactions, etc. However, the full potential of bioinspired texturing remains untapped due to the limited mechanistic understanding of functional aspects in tribological/biotribological settings. The current review extends to surface engineering and provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of bioinspired texturing that exhibits sustainable synergy between tribology and biology. The successful evolving examples from nature for surface/tribological solutions that can efficiently solve complex tribological problems in both dry and lubricated contact situations are comprehensively discussed. The review encompasses four major wear conditions: sliding, solid-particle erosion, machining or cutting, and impact (energy absorbing). Furthermore, it explores how topographies and their design parameters can provide tailored responses (multifunctionality) under specified tribological conditions. Additionally, an interdisciplinary perspective on the future potential of bioinspired materials and structures with enhanced wear resistance is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Mansoureh Rezapourian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Ramin Rahmani
- CiTin–Centro de Interface Tecnológico Industrial, 4970-786 Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal;
- proMetheus–Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Himanshu S. Maurya
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Nikhil Kamboj
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- TCBC–Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, Department of Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Irina Hussainova
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
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8
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Niu X, Yuan M, Zhao R, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhao H, Li H, Yang X, Wang K. Fabrication strategies for chiral self-assembly surface. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:202. [PMID: 38492117 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chiral self-assembly is the spontaneous organization of individual building blocks from chiral (bio)molecules to macroscopic objects into ordered superstructures. Chiral self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature, such as DNA and proteins, which formed the foundation of biological structures. In addition to chiral (bio) molecules, chiral ordered superstructures constructed by self-assembly have also attracted much attention. Chiral self-assembly usually refers to the process of forming chiral aggregates in an ordered arrangement under various non-covalent bonding such as H-bond, π-π interactions, van der Waals forces (dipole-dipole, electrostatic effects, etc.), and hydrophobic interactions. Chiral assembly involves the spontaneous process, which followed the minimum energy rule. It is essentially an intermolecular interaction force. Self-assembled chiral materials based on chiral recognition in electrochemistry, chiral catalysis, optical sensing, chiral separation, etc. have a broad application potential with the research development of chiral materials in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhua Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730050, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Valiei A, Bryche JF, Canva M, Charette PG, Moraes C, Hill RJ, Tufenkji N. Effects of Surface Topography and Cellular Biomechanics on Nanopillar-Induced Bactericidal Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9614-9625. [PMID: 38378485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are mechanically resistant biological structures that can sustain physical stress. Experimental data, however, have shown that high-aspect-ratio nanopillars deform bacterial cells upon contact. If the deformation is sufficiently large, it lyses the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to cell death. This has prompted a novel strategy, known as mechano-bactericide technology, to fabricate antibacterial surfaces. Although adhesion forces were originally proposed as the driving force for mechano-bactericidal action, it has been recently shown that external forces, such as capillary forces arising from an air-water interface at bacterial surfaces, produce sufficient loads to rapidly kill bacteria on nanopillars. This discovery highlights the need to theoretically examine how bacteria respond to external loads and to ascertain the key factors. In this study, we developed a finite element model approximating bacteria as elastic shells filled with cytoplasmic fluid brought into contact with an individual nanopillar or nanopillar array. This model elucidates that bacterial killing caused by external forces on nanopillars is influenced by surface topography and cell biomechanical variables, including the density and arrangement of nanopillars, in addition to the cell wall thickness and elastic modulus. Considering that surface topography is an important design parameter, we performed experiments using nanopillar arrays with precisely controlled nanopillar diameters and spacing. Consistent with model predictions, these demonstrate that nanopillars with a larger spacing increase bacterial susceptibility to mechanical puncture. The results provide salient insights into mechano-bactericidal activity and identify key design parameters for implementing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Valiei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bryche
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-IRL3463, CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, Universitè Grenoble Alpes, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Michael Canva
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-IRL3463, CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, Universitè Grenoble Alpes, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Paul G Charette
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-IRL3463, CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, Universitè Grenoble Alpes, École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Reghan J Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
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10
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Hou S, Xia Z, Pan J, Wang N, Gao H, Ren J, Xia X. Bacterial Cellulose Applied in Wound Dressing Materials: Production and Functional Modification - A Review. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300333. [PMID: 37750477 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of new type wound dressings has gradually attracted more attention. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer material with various unique properties, such as ultrafine 3D nanonetwork structure, high water retention capacity, and biocompatibility. These properties allow BC to be used independently or in combination with different components (such as biopolymers and nanoparticles) to achieve diverse effects. This means that BC has great potential as a wound dressing. However, systematic summaries for the production and commercial application of BC-based wound dressings are still lacking. Therefore, this review provides a detailed introduction to the production fermentation process of BC, including various production strains and their biosynthetic mechanisms. Subsequently, with regard to the functional deficiencies of bacterial cellulose as a wound dressing, recent research progress in this area is enumerated. Finally, prospects are discussed for the low-cost production and high-value-added product development of BC-based wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwen Hou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Xia
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Pan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Bio-Manufacturing, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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Zhang Y, Li G, Wang J, Zhou F, Ren X, Su J. Small Joint Organoids 3D Bioprinting: Construction Strategy and Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302506. [PMID: 37814373 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and disability in adults, affecting ≈300 million people worldwide. It is caused by damage to cartilage, including cellular inflammation and destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to limited self-repairing ability due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in the cartilage tissue. Organoid technology has emerged as a promising approach for cartilage repair, but constructing joint organoids with their complex structures and special mechanisms is still challenging. To overcome these boundaries, 3D bioprinting technology allows for the precise design of physiologically relevant joint organoids, including shape, structure, mechanical properties, cellular arrangement, and biological cues to mimic natural joint tissue. In this review, the authors will introduce the biological structure of joint tissues, summarize key procedures in 3D bioprinting for cartilage repair, and propose strategies for constructing joint organoids using 3D bioprinting. The authors also discuss the challenges of using joint organoids' approaches and perspectives on their future applications, opening opportunities to model joint tissues and response to joint disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ren
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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12
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Kim HK, Baek HW, Park HH, Cho YS. Reusable mechano-bactericidal surface with echinoid-shaped hierarchical micro/nano-structure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113729. [PMID: 38160475 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms formed owing to the attachment of bacteria to surfaces have caused various problems in industries such as marine transportation/logistics and medicine. In response, many studies have been conducted on bactericidal surfaces, and nanostructured surfaces mimicking cicada and dragonfly wings are emerging as candidates for mechano-bactericidal surfaces. In specific circumstances involving mechano-bactericidal activity, certain nanostructured surfaces could exhibit their bactericidal effects by directly deforming the membranes of bacteria that adhere to these nanostructures. Additionally, in most cases, debris of bacterial cells may accumulate on these nanostructured surfaces. Such accumulation poses a significant challenge: it diminishes the mechano-bactericidal effectiveness of the surface, as it hinders the direct interaction between the nanostructures and any new bacteria that attach subsequently. In specific circumstances involving mechano-bactericidal activity, certain nanostructured surfaces could exhibit their bactericidal effects by directly deforming the membranes of bacteria that adhere to these nanostructures. Additionally, in most cases, debris of bacterial cells may accumulate on these nanostructured surfaces. Such accumulation poses a significant challenge: it diminishes the mechano-bactericidal effectiveness of the surface, as it hinders the direct interaction between the nanostructures and any new bacteria that attach subsequently.In other words, there is a need for strategies to remove the accumulated bacterial debris in order to sustain the mechano-bactericidal effect of the nanostructured surface. In this study, hierarchical micro/nano-structured surface (echinoid-shaped nanotextures were formed on Al micro-particle's surfaces) was fabricated using a simple pressure-less sintering method, and effective bactericidal efficiency was shown against E. coli (97 ± 3.81%) and S. aureus (80 ± 9.34%). In addition, thermal cleaning at 500 °C effectively eliminated accumulated dead bacterial debris while maintaining the intact Al2O3 nanostructure, resulting in significant mechano-bactericidal activity (E. coli: 89 ± 6.86%, S. aureus: 75 ± 8.31%). As a result, thermal cleaning maintains the intact nanostructure and allows the continuance of the mechano-bactericidal effect. This effect was consistently maintained even after five repetitive use (E. coli: 80 ± 16.26%, S. aureus: 76 ± 12.67%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; MECHABIO Group, Wonkwang University, 460 Ikandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; MECHABIO Group, Wonkwang University, 460 Ikandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Pirouz A, Papakonstantinou I, Michalska M. Antimicrobial mechanisms of nanopatterned surfaces-a developing story. Front Chem 2024; 12:1354755. [PMID: 38348407 PMCID: PMC10859517 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1354755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst it is now well recognized that some natural surfaces such as seemingly fragile insect wings possess extraordinary antimicrobial properties, a quest to engineer similar nanopatterned surfaces (NPSs) is ongoing. The stake is high as biofouling impacts critical infrastructure leading to massive social and economic burden with an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issue at the forefront. AMR is one of the most imminent health challenges the world is facing today. Here, in the effort to find more sustainable solutions, the NPSs are proposed as highly promising technology as their antimicrobial activity arises from the topographical features, which could be realized on multiple material surfaces. To fully exploit these potentials however, it is crucial to mechanistically understand the underlying killing pathways. Thus far, several mechanisms have been proposed, yet they all have one thing in common. The antimicrobial process is initiated with bacteria contacting nanopatterns, which then imposes mechanical stress onto bacterial cell wall. Hence, the activity is called "mechano-bactericidal". From this point on, however, the suggested mechanisms start to diverge partly due to our limited understanding of force interactions at the interface. The aim of this mini review is to analyze the state-of-the-art in proposed killing mechanisms by categorizing them based on the characteristics of their driving force. We also highlight the current gaps and possible future directions in investigating the mechanisms, particularly by shifting towards quantification of forces at play and more elaborated biochemical assays, which can aid validating the current hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pirouz
- Manufacturing Futures Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Manufacturing Futures Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Huang LZY, Shaw ZL, Penman R, Cheeseman S, Truong VK, Higgins MJ, Caruso RA, Elbourne A. Cell Adhesion, Elasticity, and Rupture Forces Guide Microbial Cell Death on Nanostructured Antimicrobial Titanium Surfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:344-361. [PMID: 38100088 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Naturally occurring and synthetic nanostructured surfaces have been widely reported to resist microbial colonization. The majority of these studies have shown that both bacterial and fungal cells are killed upon contact and subsequent surface adhesion to such surfaces. This occurs because the presence of high-aspect-ratio structures can initiate a self-driven mechanical rupture of microbial cells during the surface adsorption process. While this technology has received a large amount of scientific and medical interest, one important question still remains: what factors drive microbial death on the surface? In this work, the interplay between microbial-surface adhesion, cell elasticity, cell membrane rupture forces, and cell lysis at the microbial-nanostructure biointerface during adsorptive processes was assessed using a combination of live confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, in situ amplitude atomic force microscopy, and single-cell force spectroscopy. Specifically, the adsorptive behavior and nanomechanical properties of live Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial cells, as well as the fungal species Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, were assessed on unmodified and nanostructured titanium surfaces. Unmodified titanium and titanium surfaces with nanostructures were used as model substrates for investigation. For all microbial species, cell elasticity, rupture force, maximum cell-surface adhesion force, the work of adhesion, and the cell-surface tether behavior were compared to the relative cell death observed for each surface examined. For cells with a lower elastic modulus, lower force to rupture through the cell, and higher work of adhesion, the surfaces had a higher antimicrobial activity, supporting the proposed biocidal mode of action for nanostructured surfaces. This study provides direct quantification of the differences observed in the efficacy of nanostructured antimicrobial surface as a function of microbial species indicating that a universal, antimicrobial surface architecture may be hard to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Z Y Huang
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Z L Shaw
- School of Engineering, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rowan Penman
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel Cheeseman
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology & Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Services, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael J Higgins
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rachel A Caruso
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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15
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Hayles A, Bright R, Nguyen NH, Truong VK, Wood J, Palms D, Vongsvivut J, Barker D, Vasilev K. Vancomycin tolerance of adherent Staphylococcus aureus is impeded by nanospike-induced physiological changes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:90. [PMID: 38030708 PMCID: PMC10687013 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of implantable biomaterials is an ever-pervasive threat that causes devastating infections, yet continues to elude resolution. In the present study, we report how a rationally designed antibacterial surface containing sharp nanospikes can enhance the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics used in prophylactic procedures. We show that Staphylococcus aureus, once adhered to a titanium surface, changes its cell-surface charge to increase its tolerance to vancomycin. However, if the Ti surface is modified to bear sharp nanospikes, the activity of vancomycin is rejuvenated, leading to increased bacterial cell death through synergistic activity. Analysis of differential gene expression provided evidence of a set of genes involved with the modification of cell surface charge. Synchrotron-sourced attenuated Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), together with multivariate analysis, was utilized to further elucidate the biochemical changes of S. aureus adhered to nanospikes. By inhibiting the ability of the pathogen to reduce its net negative charge, the nanoengineered surface renders S. aureus more susceptible to positively charged antimicrobials such as vancomycin. This finding highlights the opportunity to enhance the potency of prophylactic antibiotic treatments during implant placement surgery by employing devices having surfaces modified with spike-like nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hayles
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ngoc Huu Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, 5095, SA, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO ‒ Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Baulkham Hills, NSW, 2153, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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Luo X, Niu J, Su G, Zhou L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Sun N. Research progress of biomimetic materials in oral medicine. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37996886 PMCID: PMC10668381 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials are able to mimic the structure and functional properties of native tissues especially natural oral tissues. They have attracted growing attention for their potential to achieve configurable and functional reconstruction in oral medicine. Though tremendous progress has been made regarding biomimetic materials, significant challenges still remain in terms of controversy on the mechanism of tooth tissue regeneration, lack of options for manufacturing such materials and insufficiency of in vivo experimental tests in related fields. In this review, the biomimetic materials used in oral medicine are summarized systematically, including tooth defect, tooth loss, periodontal diseases and maxillofacial bone defect. Various theoretical foundations of biomimetic materials research are reviewed, introducing the current and pertinent results. The benefits and limitations of these materials are summed up at the same time. Finally, challenges and potential of this field are discussed. This review provides the framework and support for further research in addition to giving a generally novel and fundamental basis for the utilization of biomimetic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Luo
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiayue Niu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Linxi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, No. 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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17
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Senevirathne SWMAI, Mathew A, Toh YC, Yarlagadda PKDV. Preferential adhesion of bacterial cells onto top- and bottom-mounted nanostructured surfaces under flow conditions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6458-6472. [PMID: 38024307 PMCID: PMC10662052 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The bactericidal effect of biomimetic nanostructured surfaces has been known for a long time, with recent data suggesting an enhanced efficiency of the nanostructured surfaces under fluid shear. While some of the influential factors on the bactericidal effect of nanostructured surfaces under fluid shear are understood, there are numerous important factors yet to be studied, which is essential for the successful implementation of this technology in industrial applications. Among those influential factors, the orientation of the nanostructured surface can play an important role in bacterial cell adhesion onto surfaces. Gravitational effects can become dominant under low flow velocities, making the diffusive transport of bacterial cells more prominent than the advective transport. However, the role of nanostructure orientation in determining its bactericidal efficiency under flow conditions is still not clear. In this study, we analysed the effect of surface orientation of nanostructured surfaces, along with bacterial cell concentration, fluid flow rate, and the duration of time which the surface is exposed to flow, on bacterial adhesion and viability on these surfaces. Two surface orientations, with one on the top and the other on the bottom of a flow channel, were studied. Under flow conditions, the bactericidal efficacy of the nanostructured surface is both orientation and bacterial species dependent. The effects of cell concentration, fluid flow rate, and exposure time on cell adhesion are independent of the nanostructured surface orientation. Fluid shear showed a species-dependent effect on bacterial adhesion, while the effects of concentration and exposure time on bacterial cell adhesion are independent of the bacterial species. Moreover, bacterial cells demonstrate preferential adhesion onto surfaces based on the surface orientation, and these effects are species dependent. These results outline the capabilities and limitations of nanostructures under flow conditions. This provides valuable insights into the applications of nanostructures in medical or industrial sectors, which are associated with overlaying fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W M A Ishantha Senevirathne
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Campus Springfield Central QLD 4300 Australia
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18
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Bowden LC, Evans JGW, Miller KM, Bowden AE, Jensen BD, Hope S, Berges BK. Carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes inhibit the development of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19398. [PMID: 37938619 PMCID: PMC10632507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus forms biofilms that cause considerable morbidity and mortality in patients who receive implanted devices such as prosthetics or fixator pins. An ideal surface for such medical devices would inhibit biofilm growth. Recently, it was reported that surface modification of stainless steel materials with carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes (CICNT) inhibits the growth of S. aureus biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate this antimicrobial effect on titanium materials with CICNT coated surfaces in a variety of surface morphologies and across a broader spectrum of S. aureus isolates. Study samples of CICNT-coated titanium, and control samples of bare titanium, a common implant material, were exposed to S. aureus. Viable bacteria were removed from adhered biofilms and quantified as colony forming units. Scanning electron microscopy was used to qualitatively analyze biofilms both before and after removal of cells. The CICNT surface was found to have significantly fewer adherent bacteria than bare titanium control surfaces, both via colony forming unit and microscopic analyses. This effect was most pronounced on CICNT surfaces with an average nanotube diameter of 150 nm, showing a 2.5-fold reduction in adherent bacteria. Since S. aureus forms different biofilm structures by isolate and by growth conditions, we tested 7 total isolates and found a significant reduction in the biofilm load in six out of seven S. aureus isolates tested. To examine whether the anti-biofilm effect was due to the structure of the nanotubes, we generated an unstructured carbon surface. Significantly more bacteria adhered to a nonstructured carbon surface than to the 150 nm CICNT surface, suggesting that the topography of the nanotube structure itself has anti-biofilm properties. The CICNT surface possesses anti-biofilm properties that result in fewer adherent S. aureus bacteria. These anti-biofilm properties are consistent across multiple isolates of S. aureus and are affected by nanotube diameter. The experiments performed in this study suggest that this effect is due to the nanostructure of the CICNT surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Bowden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jocelyn G W Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Katelyn M Miller
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Anton E Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Brian D Jensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sandra Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Bradford K Berges
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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19
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Chapagain A, Cho IH. Tackling Multi-Physics Nano-Scale Phenomena in Capillary Force Lithography with Small Data by Hybrid Intelligence. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1984. [PMID: 38004841 PMCID: PMC10673390 DOI: 10.3390/mi14111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has been looking for novel approaches to develop nanostructures inspired by nature. However, due to the complicated processes involved, controlling the height of these nanostructures is challenging. Nanoscale capillary force lithography (CFL) is one way to use a photopolymer and alter its properties by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of CFL is not fully understood due to a lack of enough information and first principles. One of these obscure behaviors is the sudden jump phenomenon-the sudden change in the height of the photopolymer depending on the UV exposure time and height of nano-grating (based on experimental data). This paper uses known physical principles alongside artificial intelligence to uncover the unknown physical principles responsible for the sudden jump phenomenon. The results showed promising results in identifying air diffusivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and electric potential as the previously unknown physical principles that collectively explain the sudden jump phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Ho Cho
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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20
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Kumara SPSNBS, Senevirathne SWMAI, Mathew A, Bray L, Mirkhalaf M, Yarlagadda PKDV. Progress in Nanostructured Mechano-Bactericidal Polymeric Surfaces for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2799. [PMID: 37887949 PMCID: PMC10609396 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance remain significant contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in biomedical research, a substantial number of medical devices and implants continue to be plagued by bacterial colonisation, resulting in severe consequences, including fatalities. The development of nanostructured surfaces with mechano-bactericidal properties has emerged as a promising solution to this problem. These surfaces employ a mechanical rupturing mechanism to lyse bacterial cells, effectively halting subsequent biofilm formation on various materials and, ultimately, thwarting bacterial infections. This review delves into the prevailing research progress within the realm of nanostructured mechano-bactericidal polymeric surfaces. It also investigates the diverse fabrication methods for developing nanostructured polymeric surfaces with mechano-bactericidal properties. We then discuss the significant challenges associated with each approach and identify research gaps that warrant exploration in future studies, emphasizing the potential for polymeric implants to leverage their distinct physical, chemical, and mechanical properties over traditional materials like metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. S. N. Buddhika Sampath Kumara
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - S. W. M. Amal Ishantha Senevirathne
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Laura Bray
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.P.S.N.B.S.K.); (S.W.M.A.I.S.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia
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21
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Arango-Santander S, Martinez C, Bedoya-Correa C, Sanchez-Garzon J, Franco J. Assessment of Polydopamine to Reduce Streptococcus mutans Adhesion to a Dental Polymer. Pathogens 2023; 12:1223. [PMID: 37887739 PMCID: PMC10609920 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the surface of materials is the first step in biofilm formation, which will lead to conditions that may compromise the health status of patients. Recently, polydopamine (PDA) has been proposed as an antibacterial material. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to assess and compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) discs that were modified using PDA following a biomimetic approach versus smooth PDA-coated PMMA surfaces. In addition, an assessment of the growth inhibition by PDA was performed. PMMA discs were manufactured and polished; soft lithography, using the topography from the Crocosmia aurea leaf, was used to modify their surface. PDA was used to smooth-coat PMMA discs by dip-coating. The growth inhibition was measured using an inhibition halo. The surfaces were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Polydopamine exhibited a significant antibacterial effect when used directly on the S. mutans planktonic cells, but such an effect was not as strong when modifying the PMMA surfaces. These results open the possibility of using polydopamine to reduce the adhesion and growth of S. mutans, which might have important consequences in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Arango-Santander
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Carlos Martinez
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | - Claudia Bedoya-Correa
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
| | | | - John Franco
- GIOM Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin 055421, Colombia; (C.M.); (C.B.-C.); (J.F.)
- Salud y Sostenibilidad Group, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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22
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Han X, Wang S, Hao L, Zhang C, Fan Y, Zhao J, Jiang R, Ren L. A photothermal therapy enhanced mechano-bactericidal hybrid nanostructured surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:380-390. [PMID: 37156146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials that have been extensively applied in medical devices, wearable electronics, and food packaging are readily contaminated by bothersome pathogenic bacteria. Bioinspired mechano-bactericidal surfaces can deliver lethal rupture for contacted bacterial cells through mechanical stress. However, the mechano-bactericidal activity based only on polymeric nanostructures is not satisfactory, especially for the Gram-positive strain which is generally more resistant to mechanical lysis. Here, we show that the mechanical bactericidal performance of polymeric nanopillars can be significantly enhanced by the combination of photothermal therapy. We fabricated the nanopillars through the combination of low-cost anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted method with an environment-friendly Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly technique of tannic acid (TA) and iron ion (Fe3+). The fabricated hybrid nanopillar exhibited remarkable bactericidal performances (more than 99%) toward both Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and stubborn Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. Notably, this hybrid nanostructured surface displayed excellent biocompatibility for murine L929 fibroblast cells, indicating a selective biocidal activity between bacterial cells and mammalian cells. Thus, the concept and antibacterial system described here present a low-cost, scalable, and highly repeatable strategy for the construction of physical bactericidal nanopillars on polymeric films with high performance and biosafety, but without any risks of causing antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiteng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Lingwan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Chengchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Rujian Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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23
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Cho IH, Ji MG, Kim J. Pursuit of hidden rules behind the irregularity of nano capillary lithography by hybrid intelligence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13649. [PMID: 37608050 PMCID: PMC10444899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature finds a way to leverage nanotextures to achieve desired functions. Recent advances in nanotechnologies endow fascinating multi-functionalities to nanotextures by modulating the nanopixel's height. But nanoscale height control is a daunting task involving chemical and/or physical processes. As a facile, cost-effective, and potentially scalable remedy, the nanoscale capillary force lithography (CFL) receives notable attention. The key enabler is optical pre-modification of photopolymer's characteristics via ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Still, the underlying physics of the nanoscale CFL is not well understood, and unexplained phenomena such as the "forbidden gap" in the nano capillary rise (unreachable height) abound. Due to the lack of large data, small length scales, and the absence of first principles, direct adoptions of machine learning or analytical approaches have been difficult. This paper proposes a hybrid intelligence approach in which both artificial and human intelligence coherently work together to unravel the hidden rules with small data. Our results show promising performance in identifying transparent, physics-retained rules of air diffusivity, dynamic viscosity, and surface tension, which collectively appear to explain the forbidden gap in the nanoscale CFL. This paper promotes synergistic collaborations of humans and AI for advancing nanotechnology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Cho
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Myung Gi Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jaeyoun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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24
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Oopath SV, Martins J, Kakarla AB, Kong I, Petrovski S, Baji A. Rose Petal Mimetic Surfaces with Antibacterial Properties Produced Using Nanoimprint Lithography. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37369011 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we produced bioinspired micro/nanotopography on the surface of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films and demonstrated that these films display antibacterial properties. In the first step, structures that are found on the surface of a rose petal were copied on the surface of PVDF-HFP films. Following this, a hydrothermal method was used to grow ZnO nanostructures on top of this rose petal mimetic surface. The antibacterial behavior of the fabricated sample was demonstrated against Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) as model bacteria. For comparison purposes, the antibacterial behavior of a neat PVDF-HFP film was also investigated against both bacterial species. The results show that the presence of rose petal mimetic structures on PVDF-HFP helped the material to display improved antibacterial performance against both S. agalactiae and E. coli compared to the antibacterial performance of neat PVDF-HFP. The antibacterial performance was further enhanced for samples that had both rose petal mimetic topography and ZnO nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarrod Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akesh Babu Kakarla
- Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo 3446, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ing Kong
- Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo 3446, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Avinash Baji
- Department of Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Song Y, Park N, Jo DA, Kim J, Yong D, Song J, Park YM, Lee SJ, Kim YT, Im SG, Choi BG, Kang T, Lee KG. Polyaniline-based 3D network structure promotes entrapment and detection of drug-resistant bacteria. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:25. [PMID: 37243716 PMCID: PMC10224663 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and accurate capture, enrichment, and identification of drug-resistant bacteria on human skin are important for early-stage diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, we constructed a three-dimensional hierarchically structured polyaniline nanoweb (3D HPN) to capture, enrich, and detect drug-resistant bacteria on-site by rubbing infected skins. These unique hierarchical nanostructures enhance bacteria capture efficiency and help severely deform the surface of the bacteria entrapped on them. Therefore, 3D HPN significantly contributes to the effective and reliable recovery of drug-resistant bacteria from the infected skin and the prevention of potential secondary infection. The recovered bacteria were successfully identified by subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis after the lysis process. The molecular analysis results based on a real-time PCR exhibit excellent sensitivity to detecting target bacteria of concentrations ranging from 102 to 107 CFU/mL without any fluorescent signal interruption. To confirm the field applicability of 3D HPN, it was tested with a drug-resistant model consisting of micropig skin similar to human skin and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (KPC-CRE). The results show that the detection sensitivity of this assay is 102 CFU/mL. Therefore, 3D HPN can be extended to on-site pathogen detection systems, along with rapid molecular diagnostics through a simple method, to recover KPC-CRE from the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younseong Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Ae Jo
- Center for Nano Bio Development, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Center for Nano Bio Development, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Song
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Center for Nano Bio Development, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Center for Nano Bio Development, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Tech University of Korea, Siheung-Si, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-Si, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Center for Nano Bio Development, National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhou H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang X, Niu H. Recent Advances in Superhydrophobic and Antibacterial Cellulose-Based Fibers and Fabrics: Bio-inspiration, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37361104 PMCID: PMC10201051 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-023-00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose-based fabrics are ubiquitous in our daily lives. They are the preferred choice for bedding materials, active sportswear, and next-to-skin apparels. However, the hydrophilic and polysaccharide characteristics of cellulose materials make them vulnerable to bacterial attack and pathogen infection. The design of antibacterial cellulose fabrics has been a long-term and on-going effort. Fabrication strategies based on the construction of surface micro-/nanostructure, chemical modification, and the application of antibacterial agents have been extensively investigated by many research groups worldwide. This review systematically discusses recent research on super-hydrophobic and antibacterial cellulose fabrics, focusing on morphology construction and surface modification. First, natural surfaces showing liquid-repellent and antibacterial properties are introduced and the mechanisms behind are explained. Then, the strategies for fabricating super-hydrophobic cellulose fabrics are summarized, and the contribution of the liquid-repellent function to reducing the adhesion of live bacteria and removing dead bacteria is elucidated. Representative studies on cellulose fabrics functionalized with super-hydrophobic and antibacterial properties are discussed in detail, and their potential applications are also introduced. Finally, the challenges in achieving super-hydrophobic antibacterial cellulose fabrics are discussed, and the future research direction in this area is proposed. Graphical Abstract The figure summarizes the natural surfaces and the main fabrication strategies of superhydrophobic antibacterial cellulose fabrics and their potential applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42765-023-00297-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education Collaborative, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Qingshuo Li
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education Collaborative, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education Collaborative, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xungai Wang
- JC STEM Lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education Collaborative, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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27
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Rahimi S, Lovmar T, Aulova A, Pandit S, Lovmar M, Forsberg S, Svensson M, Kádár R, Mijakovic I. Automated Prediction of Bacterial Exclusion Areas on SEM Images of Graphene-Polymer Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101605. [PMID: 37242022 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To counter the rising threat of bacterial infections in the post-antibiotic age, intensive efforts are invested in engineering new materials with antibacterial properties. The key bottleneck in this initiative is the speed of evaluation of the antibacterial potential of new materials. To overcome this, we developed an automated pipeline for the prediction of antibacterial potential based on scanning electron microscopy images of engineered surfaces. We developed polymer composites containing graphite-oriented nanoplatelets (GNPs). The key property that the algorithm needs to consider is the density of sharp exposed edges of GNPs that kill bacteria on contact. The surface area of these sharp exposed edges of GNPs, accessible to bacteria, needs to be inferior to the diameter of a typical bacterial cell. To test this assumption, we prepared several composites with variable distribution of exposed edges of GNP. For each of them, the percentage of bacterial exclusion area was predicted by our algorithm and validated experimentally by measuring the loss of viability of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. We observed a remarkable linear correlation between predicted bacterial exclusion area and measured loss of viability (R2 = 0.95). The algorithm parameters we used are not generally applicable to any antibacterial surface. For each surface, key mechanistic parameters must be defined for successful prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Teo Lovmar
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Aulova
- Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Lovmar
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wellspect Healthcare, Aminogatan 1, 43121 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Roland Kádár
- Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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28
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Catley T, Corrigan RM, Parnell AJ. Designing Effective Antimicrobial Nanostructured Surfaces: Highlighting the Lack of Consensus in the Literature. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14873-14883. [PMID: 37151499 PMCID: PMC10157858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research into nanostructured materials, inspired by the topography of certain insect wings, has provided a potential pathway toward drug-free antibacterial surfaces, which may be vital in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance. However, to produce viable antibacterial nanostructured surfaces, we must first understand the bactericidal mechanism of action and how to optimize them to kill the widest range of microorganisms. This review discusses the parameters of nanostructured surfaces that have been shown to influence their bactericidal efficiency and highlights the highly variable nature of many of the findings. A large-scale analysis of the literature is also presented, which further shows a lack of clarity in what is understood about the factors influencing bactericidal efficiency. The potential reasons for the ambiguity, including how the killing effect may be a result of multiple factors and issues with nonstandardized testing of the antibacterial properties of nanostructured surfaces, are then discussed. Finally, a standard method for testing of antimicrobial killing is proposed that will allow comparison between studies and enable a deeper understanding about nanostructured surfaces and how to optimize their bactericidal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
E. Catley
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Corrigan
- Molecular
Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University
of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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29
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Wang G, Tang K, Jiang W, Liao Q, Li Y, Liu P, Wu Y, Liu M, Wang H, Li B, Du J, Chu PK. Quantifiable Relationship Between Antibacterial Efficacy and Electro-Mechanical Intervention on Nanowire Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212315. [PMID: 36738179 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical disruption is an important antibacterial means as it is lethal to bacteria without spurring antimicrobial resistance. However, it is very challenging to establish a quantifiable relationship between antibacterial efficacy and physical interactions such as mechanical and electrical forces. Herein, titanium nitride (TN) nanowires with adjustable orientations and capacitances are prepared to exert gradient electro-mechanical forces on bacteria. While vertical nanowires show the strongest mechanical force resulting in an antibacterial efficiency of 0.62 log reduction (vs 0.22 for tiled and 0.36 for inclined nanowires, respectively), the addition of electrical charges maximizes the electro-mechanical interactions and elevates the antibacterial efficacy to more than 3 log reduction. Biophysical and biochemical analyses indicate that electrostatic attraction by electrical charge narrows the interface. The electro-mechanical intervention more easily stiffens and rips the bacteria membrane, disturbing the electron balance and generating intracellular oxidative stress. The antibacterial ability is maintained in vivo and bacteria-challenged rats are protected from serious infection. The physical bacteria-killing process demonstrated here can be controlled by adjusting the electro-mechanical interactions. Overall, these results revealed important principles for rationally designing high-performance antibacterial interfaces for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwei Tang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Qing Liao
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Liu
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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30
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Peng T, Shi Q, Chen M, Yu W, Yang T. Antibacterial-Based Hydrogel Coatings and Their Application in the Biomedical Field-A Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050243. [PMID: 37233353 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels exhibit excellent moldability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and extracellular matrix-like properties, which make them widely used in biomedical fields. Because of their unique three-dimensional crosslinked hydrophilic networks, hydrogels can encapsulate various materials, such as small molecules, polymers, and particles; this has become a hot research topic in the antibacterial field. The surface modification of biomaterials by using antibacterial hydrogels as coatings contributes to the biomaterial activity and offers wide prospects for development. A variety of surface chemical strategies have been developed to bind hydrogels to the substrate surface stably. We first introduce the preparation method for antibacterial coatings in this review, which includes surface-initiated graft crosslinking polymerization, anchoring the hydrogel coating to the substrate surface, and the LbL self-assembly technique to coat crosslinked hydrogels. Then, we summarize the applications of hydrogel coating in the biomedical antibacterial field. Hydrogel itself has certain antibacterial properties, but the antibacterial effect is not sufficient. In recent research, in order to optimize its antibacterial performance, the following three antibacterial strategies are mainly adopted: bacterial repellent and inhibition, contact surface killing of bacteria, and release of antibacterial agents. We systematically introduce the antibacterial mechanism of each strategy. The review aims to provide reference for the further development and application of hydrogel coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Peng
- Key Lab of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Key Lab of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Manlong Chen
- Key Lab of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Key Lab of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Lab of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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31
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Butler J, Handy RD, Upton M, Besinis A. Review of Antimicrobial Nanocoatings in Medicine and Dentistry: Mechanisms of Action, Biocompatibility Performance, Safety, and Benefits Compared to Antibiotics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7064-7092. [PMID: 37027838 PMCID: PMC10134505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses topics relevant to the development of antimicrobial nanocoatings and nanoscale surface modifications for medical and dental applications. Nanomaterials have unique properties compared to their micro- and macro-scale counterparts and can be used to reduce or inhibit bacterial growth, surface colonization and biofilm development. Generally, nanocoatings exert their antimicrobial effects through biochemical reactions, production of reactive oxygen species or ionic release, while modified nanotopographies create a physically hostile surface for bacteria, killing cells via biomechanical damage. Nanocoatings may consist of metal nanoparticles including silver, copper, gold, zinc, titanium, and aluminum, while nonmetallic compounds used in nanocoatings may be carbon-based in the form of graphene or carbon nanotubes, or composed of silica or chitosan. Surface nanotopography can be modified by the inclusion of nanoprotrusions or black silicon. Two or more nanomaterials can be combined to form nanocomposites with distinct chemical or physical characteristics, allowing combination of different properties such as antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, strength, and durability. Despite their wide range of applications in medical engineering, questions have been raised regarding potential toxicity and hazards. Current legal frameworks do not effectively regulate antimicrobial nanocoatings in matters of safety, with open questions remaining about risk analysis and occupational exposure limits not considering coating-based approaches. Bacterial resistance to nanomaterials is also a concern, especially where it may affect wider antimicrobial resistance. Nanocoatings have excellent potential for future use, but safe development of antimicrobials requires careful consideration of the "One Health" agenda, appropriate legislation, and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Butler
- School
of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Handy
- School
of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Upton
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Besinis
- School
of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
- Peninsula
Dental School, Faculty of Health, University
of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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32
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Iskandar K, Pecastaings S, LeGac C, Salvatico S, Feuillolay C, Guittard M, Marchin L, Verelst M, Roques C. Demonstrating the In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial Activity of Oxide Mineral Microspheres: An Innovative Technology to Be Incorporated into Porous and Nonporous Materials. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041261. [PMID: 37111747 PMCID: PMC10144421 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of surfaces treated with zinc and/or magnesium mineral oxide microspheres is a patented technology that has been demonstrated in vitro against bacteria and viruses. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of the technology in vitro, under simulation-of-use conditions, and in situ. The tests were undertaken in vitro according to the ISO 22196:2011, ISO 20473:2013, and NF S90-700:2019 standards with adapted parameters. Simulation-of-use tests evaluated the robustness of the activity under worst-case scenarios. The in situ tests were conducted on high-touch surfaces. The in vitro results show efficient antimicrobial activity against referenced strains with a log reduction of >2. The sustainability of this effect was time-dependent and detected at lower temperatures (20 ± 2.5 °C) and humidity (46%) conditions for variable inoculum concentrations and contact times. The simulation of use proved the microsphere's efficiency under harsh mechanical and chemical tests. The in situ studies showed a higher than 90% reduction in CFU/25 cm2 per treated surface versus the untreated surfaces, reaching a targeted value of <50 CFU/cm2. Mineral oxide microspheres can be incorporated into unlimited surface types, including medical devices, to efficiently and sustainably prevent microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Iskandar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
- National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology-Lebanon (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Pecastaings
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline LeGac
- FONDEREPHAR, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Mylène Guittard
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France
| | - Loïc Marchin
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France
| | - Marc Verelst
- CEMES, UPR CNRS 8011, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, CEDEX, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
- FONDEREPHAR, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31062 Toulouse, France
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33
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Cheng Y, Ma X, Franklin T, Yang R, Moraru CI. Mechano-Bactericidal Surfaces: Mechanisms, Nanofabrication, and Prospects for Food Applications. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:449-472. [PMID: 36972158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-022330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechano-bactericidal (MB) nanopatterns have the ability to inactivate bacterial cells by rupturing cellular envelopes. Such biocide-free, physicomechanical mechanisms may confer lasting biofilm mitigation capability to various materials encountered in food processing, packaging, and food preparation environments. In this review, we first discuss recent progress on elucidating MB mechanisms, unraveling property-activity relationships, and developing cost-effective and scalable nanofabrication technologies. Next, we evaluate the potential challenges that MB surfaces may face in food-related applications and provide our perspective on the critical research needs and opportunities to facilitate their adoption in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Trevor Franklin
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Carmen I Moraru
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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Schifano E, Cavoto G, Pandolfi F, Pettinari G, Apponi A, Ruocco A, Uccelletti D, Rago I. Plasma-Etched Vertically Aligned CNTs with Enhanced Antibacterial Power. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 36985974 PMCID: PMC10054568 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria represents a growing threat to public health, and it calls for the development of alternative antibacterial approaches not based on antibiotics. Here, we propose vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs), with a properly designed nanomorphology, as effective platforms to kill bacteria. We show, via a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, the ability to tailor the topography of VA-CNTs, in a controlled and time-efficient manner, by means of plasma etching processes. Three different varieties of VA-CNTs were investigated, in terms of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: one as-grown variety and two varieties receiving different etching treatments. The highest reduction in cell viability (100% and 97% for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively) was observed for the VA-CNTs modified using Ar and O2 as an etching gas, thus identifying the best configuration for a VA-CNT-based surface to inactivate both planktonic and biofilm infections. Additionally, we demonstrate that the powerful antibacterial activity of VA-CNTs is determined by a synergistic effect of both mechanical injuries and ROS production. The possibility of achieving a bacterial inactivation close to 100%, by modulating the physico-chemical features of VA-CNTs, opens up new opportunities for the design of self-cleaning surfaces, preventing the formation of microbial colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schifano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cavoto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Pettinari
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-IFN, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Apponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre and INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre and INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- SNN Lab, Sapienza Nanotechnology & Nano-Science Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rago
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Narasimhan V, Siddique RH, Kim UJ, Lee S, Kim H, Roh Y, Wang YM, Choo H. Glasswing-Butterfly-Inspired Multifunctional Scleral Lens and Smartphone Raman Spectrometer for Point-of-Care Tear Biomarker Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205113. [PMID: 36453578 PMCID: PMC9929119 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Augmenting contact lenses with sensing capabilities requires incorporating multiple functionalities within a diminutive device. Inspired by multifunctional biophotonic nanostructures of glasswing butterflies, a nanostructured scleral lens with enhanced optical, bactericidal, and sensing capabilities is reported. When used in conjunction with a smartphone-integrated Raman spectrometer, the feasibility of point-of-care applications is demonstrated. The bioinspired nanostructures made on parylene films are mounted on the anterior and posterior side of a scleral lens to create a nanostructured lens. Compared to unstructured parylene, nanostructured parylene minimizes glare by 4.3-fold at large viewing angles up to 80o . When mounted on a scleral lens, the nanostructures block 2.8-fold more ultraviolet (UVA) light while offering 1.1-fold improved transmission in the visible regime. Furthermore, the nanostructures exhibit potent bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, killing 89% of tested bacteria within 4 h. The same nanostructures, when gold-coated, are used to perform rapid label-free multiplex detection of lysozyme and lactoferrin, the protein biomarkers of the chronic dry eye disease, in whole human tears using drop-coating deposition Raman spectroscopy. The detection of both proteins in whole human tear samples from different subjects using the nanostructured lens produced excellent correlation with commercial enzyme-based assays while simultaneously displaying a 1.5-fold lower standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Narasimhan
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
- Meta Vision LabSamsung Semiconductor Inc.PasadenaCA91101USA
| | - Radwanul Hasan Siddique
- Department of Medical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
- Meta Vision LabSamsung Semiconductor Inc.PasadenaCA91101USA
| | - Un Jeong Kim
- Advanced Sensor LabSamsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung ElectronicsSuwonGyeonggi‐do16678South Korea
| | - Suyeon Lee
- Advanced Sensor LabSamsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung ElectronicsSuwonGyeonggi‐do16678South Korea
| | - Hyochul Kim
- Advanced Sensor LabSamsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung ElectronicsSuwonGyeonggi‐do16678South Korea
| | - YoungGeun Roh
- Advanced Sensor LabSamsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung ElectronicsSuwonGyeonggi‐do16678South Korea
| | | | - Hyuck Choo
- Advanced Sensor LabSamsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung ElectronicsSuwonGyeonggi‐do16678South Korea
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36
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Nature-Inspired Surface Structures Design for Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021348. [PMID: 36674860 PMCID: PMC9865960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface contamination by microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria may simultaneously aggravate the biofouling of surfaces and infection of wounds and promote cross-species transmission and the rapid evolution of microbes in emerging diseases. In addition, natural surface structures with unique anti-biofouling properties may be used as guide templates for the development of functional antimicrobial surfaces. Further, these structure-related antimicrobial surfaces can be categorized into microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces. This review introduces the recent advances in the development of microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces inspired by natural structures and discusses the related antimicrobial mechanisms, surface topography design, material application, manufacturing techniques, and antimicrobial efficiencies.
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37
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Wang J, Li P, Wang N, Wang J, Xing D. Antibacterial features of material surface: strong enough to serve as antibiotics? J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:280-302. [PMID: 36533438 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are small but need big efforts to control. The use of antibiotics not only produces superbugs that are increasingly difficult to inactivate, but also raises environmental concerns with the growing consumption. It is now believed that the antibacterial task can count on some physiochemical features of material surfaces, which can be anti-adhesive or bactericidal without releasing toxicants. It is necessary to evaluate to what extent can we rely on the surface design since the actual application scenarios will need the antibacterial performance to be sharp, robust, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting. Herein, we review the recent laboratory advances that have been classified based on the specific surface features, including hydrophobicity, charge potential, micromorphology, stiffness and viscosity, and photoactivity, and the antibacterial mechanisms of each feature are included to provide a basic rationale for future design. The significance of anti-biofilms is also introduced, given the big role of biofilms in bacteria-caused damage. A perspective on the potential wide application of antibacterial surface features as a substitute or supplement to antibiotics is then discussed. Surface design is no doubt a solution worthy to explore, and future success will be a result of further progress in multiple directions, including mechanism study and material preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, China Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, China Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-Fouling, Institute of Oceanology, China Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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38
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Yehuda N, Gheber LA, Kushmaro A, (Mails) Arad S. Complexes of Cu-Polysaccharide of a Marine Red Microalga Produce Spikes with Antimicrobial Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120787. [PMID: 36547934 PMCID: PMC9783634 DOI: 10.3390/md20120787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu2O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga Porphyridium sp. was previously attributed to spikes formed on the complex surface (roughness). This hypothesis was further examined here using other Cu-PS complexes (i.e., monovalent-Cu2O, CuCl and divalent-CuO, CuCl2). The nanostructure parameters of the monovalent complexes, namely, longer spikes (1000 nm) and greater density (2000-5000 spikes/µm2) were found to be related to the superior inhibition of microbial growth and viability and biofilm formation. When Escherichia coli TV1061, used as a bioluminescent test organism, was exposed to the monovalent Cu-PS complexes, enhanced bioluminescence accumulation was observed, probably due to membrane perforation by the spikes on the surface of the complexes and consequent cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, differences were found in the surface chemistry of the monovalent and divalent Cu-PS complexes, with the monovalent Cu-PS complexes exhibiting greater stability (ζ-potential, FTIR spectra, and leaching out), which could be related to spike formation. This study thus supports our hypothesis that the spikes protruding from the monovalent Cu-PS surfaces, as characterized by their aspect ratio, are responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Yehuda
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Levi A. Gheber
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shoshana (Mails) Arad
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-747795257
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Dong J, Wang W, Zhou W, Zhang S, Li M, Li N, Pan G, Zhang X, Bai J, Zhu C. Immunomodulatory biomaterials for implant-associated infections: from conventional to advanced therapeutic strategies. Biomater Res 2022; 26:72. [PMID: 36471454 PMCID: PMC9721013 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) is increasingly emerging as a serious threat with the massive application of biomaterials. Bacteria attached to the surface of implants are often difficult to remove and exhibit high resistance to bactericides. In the quest for novel antimicrobial strategies, conventional antimicrobial materials often fail to exert their function because they tend to focus on direct bactericidal activity while neglecting the modulation of immune systems. The inflammatory response induced by host immune cells was thought to be a detrimental force impeding wound healing. However, the immune system has recently received increasing attention as a vital player in the host's defense against infection. Anti-infective strategies based on the modulation of host immune defenses are emerging as a field of interest. This review explains the importance of the immune system in combating infections and describes current advanced immune-enhanced anti-infection strategies. First, the characteristics of traditional/conventional implant biomaterials and the reasons for the difficulty of bacterial clearance in IAI were reviewed. Second, the importance of immune cells in the battle against bacteria is elucidated. Then, we discuss how to design biomaterials that activate the defense function of immune cells to enhance the antimicrobial potential. Based on the key premise of restoring proper host-protective immunity, varying advanced immune-enhanced antimicrobial strategies were discussed. Finally, current issues and perspectives in this field were offered. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced anti-infective biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Dong
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Siming Zhang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XInstitute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Medical College, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, 230001 Hefei, Anhui P. R. China
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40
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Pemmada R, Shrivastava A, Dash M, Cui K, Kumar P, Ramakrishna S, Zhou Y, Thomas V, Nanda HS. Science-based strategies of antibacterial coatings with bactericidal properties for biomedical and healthcare settings. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Fontelo R, Soares da Costa D, Gomez-Florit M, Tiainen H, Reis RL, Novoa-Carballal R, Pashkuleva I. Antibacterial nanopatterned coatings for dental implants. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8710-8718. [PMID: 36214372 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01352e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dental implants, usually made of titanium, are exposed to hostile oral microflora that facilitate bacterial infections and subsequent inflammation. To mitigate these processes, we coated titanium substrates with block copolymer nanopatterns and investigated the bactericidal effect of these coatings against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We found that the bactericidal efficacy of the coatings depends on their morphology and surface chemistry as well as on the bacterial strain: an optimal combination can lead to significant bacterial death for a short time, i.e. 90% for 90 min. Human gingival fibroblasts in contact with the nanopatterned coatings showed similar cell attachment and morphology as on bare Ti. Immunostaining assays showed similar levels of CCR7 and CD206 in macrophages cultured over the nanopatterns and bare Ti, demonstrating adequate properties for tissue integration. The nanopatterns induced a small increase in macrophage aspect ratio, which might indicate early states of M2 polarization, given the absence of CD206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Fontelo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gomez-Florit
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Liu Z, Yi Y, Wang S, Dou H, Fan Y, Tian L, Zhao J, Ren L. Bio-Inspired Self-Adaptive Nanocomposite Array: From Non-antibiotic Antibacterial Actions to Cell Proliferation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16549-16562. [PMID: 36218160 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial infection and poor native tissue integration are two major issues encountered by biomaterial implants and devices, which are extremely hard to overcome within a single surface, especially for those without involvement of antibiotics. Herein, a self-adaptive surface that can transform from non-antibiotic antibacterial actions to promotion of cell proliferation is developed by in situ assembly of bacteriostatic 3,3'-diaminodipropylamine (DADP)-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on bio-inspired nanopillars. Initially, the nanocomposite surface shows impressive antibacterial effects, even under severe bacterial infection, due to the combination of mechano-bactericidal activity from a nanopillar structure and bacteriostatic activity contributed by pH-responsive release of DADP. After the complete degradation of the ZIF-8 layer, the refurbished nanopillars not only can still physically rupture bacterial membrane but also facilitate mammalian cell proliferation, due to the obvious difference in cell size. More strikingly, the nanocomposite surface totally avoids the usage of antibiotics, eradicating the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance, and the surface exhibited excellent histocompatibility and lower inflammatory response properties as revealed by in vivo tests. This type of self-adaptive surface may provide a promising alternative for addressing the intractable implant-associated requirements, where antibiotic-free antibacterial activity and native tissue integration are both highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yaozhen Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haixu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yong Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Limei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Kaur KD, Habimana O. Death at the interface: Nanotechnology’s challenging frontier against microbial surface colonization. Front Chem 2022; 10:1003234. [PMID: 36311433 PMCID: PMC9613359 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains has led to novel approaches for combating bacterial infections and surface contamination. More specifically, efforts in combining nanotechnology and biomimetics have led to the development of next-generation antimicrobial/antifouling nanomaterials. While nature-inspired nanoscale topographies are known for minimizing bacterial attachment through surface energy and physicochemical features, few studies have investigated the combined inhibitory effects of such features in combination with chemical alterations of these surfaces. Studies describing surface alterations, such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), have also gained attention due to their broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against bacterial cells. Similarly, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have exhibited their capacity to reduce bacterial viability. To maximize the functionality of modified surfaces, the integration of patterned surfaces and functionalized exteriors, achieved through physical and chemical surface alterations, have recently been explored as viable alternatives. Nonetheless, these modifications are prone to challenges that can reduce their efficacy considerably in the long term. Their effectiveness against a wider array of microbial cells is still a subject of investigation. This review article will explore and discuss the emerging trends in biomimetics and other antimicrobials while raising possible concerns about their limitations and discussing future implications regarding their potential combined applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Deep Kaur
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Olivier Habimana
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Olivier Habimana,
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Kaul S, Sagar P, Gupta R, Garg P, Priyadarshi N, Singhal NK. Mechanobactericidal, Gold Nanostar Hydrogel-Based Bandage for Bacteria-Infected Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44084-44097. [PMID: 36099413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms has led to the development of alternative approaches for providing relief from microbial attacks. The mechano-bactericidal action as a substitute for antimicrobials has become the focus of intensive research. In this work, nanostructure-conjugated hydrogel are explored as a flexible dressing against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected skin wounds. Herein gold nanostars (AuNst) with spike lengths reaching 120 nm are probed for antibacterial action. The bacterial killing of >95% is observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), while up to 60% for Gram-positive S. aureus. AuNst conjugated hydrogel (AuNst120@H) reduced >80% colonies of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. In comparison, around 35.4% reduction of colonies are obtained for S. aureus. The viability assay confirmed the presence of about 85% of living NIH-3T3 cells when grown with hydrogels. An animal wound model is also developed to assess the efficiency of AuNst120@H. A significant reduction in wound size is observed on the 10th day in AuNst120@H treated animals with fully formed epidermal layers, hair follicles, new blood vessels, and arrector muscles. These findings suggest that novel dressing materials can be developed with antimicrobial nanotextured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Priyanka Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140306, India
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45
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Huang LZY, Elbourne A, Shaw ZL, Cheeseman S, Goff A, Orrell-Trigg R, Chapman J, Murdoch BJ, Crawford RJ, Friedmann D, Bryant SJ, Truong VK, Caruso RA. Dual-action silver functionalized nanostructured titanium against drug resistant bacterial and fungal species. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:1049-1060. [PMID: 36049281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Titanium and its alloys are commonly used implant materials. Once inserted into the body, the interface of the biomaterials is the most likely site for the development of implant-associated infections. Imparting the titanium substrate with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures, which can be uniformly achieved using hydrothermal etching, enables a mechanical contact-killing (mechanoresponsive) mechanism of bacterial and fungal cells. Interaction between cells and the surface shows cellular inactivation via a physical mechanism meaning that careful engineering of the interface is needed to optimse the technology. This mechanism of action is only effective towards surface adsorbed microbes, thus any cells not directly in contact with the substrate will survive and limit the antimicrobial efficacy of the titanium nanostructures. Therefore, we propose that a dual-action mechanoresponsive and chemical-surface approach must be utilised to improve antimicrobial activity. The addition of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles will provide a secondary, chemical mechanism to escalate the microbial response in tandem with the physical puncture of the cells. EXPERIMENTS Hydrothermal etching is used as a facile method to impart variant nanostrucutres on the titanium substrate to increase the antimicrobial response. Increasing concentrations (0.25 M, 0.50 M, 1.0 M, 2.0 M) of sodium hydroxide etching solution were used to provide differing degrees of nanostructured morphology on the surface after 3 h of heating at 150 °C. This produced titanium nanospikes, nanoblades, and nanowires, respectively, as a function of etchant concentration. These substrates then provided an interface for the deposition of silver nanoparticles via a reduction pathway. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcous aureus (MRSA) and Candida auris (C. auris) were used as model bacteria and fungi, respectively, to test the effectiveness of the nanostructured titanium with and without silver nanoparticles, and the bio-interactions at the interface. FINDINGS The presence of nanostructure increased the bactericidal response of titanium against MRSA from ∼ 10 % on commercially pure titanium to a maximum of ∼ 60 % and increased the fungicidal response from ∼ 10 % to ∼ 70 % in C. auris. Introducing silver nanoparticles increased the microbiocidal response to ∼ 99 % towards both bacteria and fungi. Importantly, this study highlights that nanostructure alone is not sufficient to develop a highly antimicrobial titanium substrate. A dual-action, physical and chemical antimicrobial approach is better suited to produce highly effective antibacterial and antifungal surface technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Z Y Huang
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Z L Shaw
- School of Engineering, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel Cheeseman
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Abigail Goff
- School of Engineering, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rebecca Orrell-Trigg
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - James Chapman
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Donia Friedmann
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Caruso
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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In situ real-time investigation of Staphylococcus aureus on hemisphere-patterned polyurethane films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112577. [PMID: 35623259 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface patterning is a promising approach to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation without the concerns of antimicrobial resistance. To determine the parameters of a patterned surface that can affect bacterial behavior, a sphere-like coccus (Staphylococcus aureus) was investigated on a series of polyurethane films with ordered hemisphere patterns. The bacterial retention data in a growth medium indicated that the surface patterns significantly decreased bacterial adhesion and proliferation. The most notable effects were observed with the 2 µm-pattern as well as the patterned polycaprolactone and polystyrene films, and the accessible contact area of the polyurethane films, surface wettability, and spatial confinement, did not show an influence. An optical microscope with a modified incubation cell was used for in situ real-time observations of bacterial colonization, proliferation, and migration. Based on appropriate statistical analyses, it was concluded that topographical geometry played a dominant role. In combination with the retention assessment in a nongrowth medium, it was found that pattern-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation was mainly achieved by affecting bacterial proliferation rather than adhesion. This study provides new insight for designing biofilm-resistant biomimetic materials.
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47
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Zhang Y, Habibovic P. Delivering Mechanical Stimulation to Cells: State of the Art in Materials and Devices Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110267. [PMID: 35385176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical signals, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of cellular activities as well as maintaining the normal function of different tissues and organs. If the biochemical signals are assumed to be one side of the coin, the other side comprises biophysical cues. There is growing evidence showing that biophysical signals, and in particular mechanical cues, also play an important role in different stages of human life ranging from morphogenesis during embryonic development to maturation and maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout life. In order to investigate how mechanical signals influence cell and tissue function, tremendous efforts have been devoted to fabricating various materials and devices for delivering mechanical stimuli to cells and tissues. Here, an overview of the current state of the art in the design and development of such materials and devices is provided, with a focus on their design principles, and challenges and perspectives for future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Senevirathne SWAI, Toh YC, Yarlagadda PKDV. Fluid Flow Induces Differential Detachment of Live and Dead Bacterial Cells from Nanostructured Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23201-23212. [PMID: 35847259 PMCID: PMC9280952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographic surfaces are proven to be successful in killing bacterial cells upon contact. This non-chemical bactericidal property has paved an alternative way of fighting bacterial colonization and associated problems, especially the issue of bacteria evolving resistance against antibiotic and antiseptic agents. Recent advancements in nanotopographic bactericidal surfaces have made them suitable for many applications in medical and industrial sectors. The bactericidal effect of nanotopographic surfaces is classically studied under static conditions, but the actual potential applications do have fluid flow in them. In this study, we have studied how fluid flow can affect the adherence of bacterial cells on nanotopographic surfaces. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species were tested under varying fluid flow rates for their retention and viability after flow exposure. The total number of adherent cells for both species was reduced in the presence of flow, but there was no flowrate dependency. There was a significant reduction in the number of live cells remaining on nanotopographic surfaces with an increasing flowrate for both species. Conversely, we observed a flowrate-independent increase in the number of adherent dead cells. Our results indicated that the presence of flow differentially affected the adherent live and dead bacterial cells on nanotopographic surfaces. This could be because dead bacterial cells were physically pierced by the nano-features, whereas live cells adhered via physiochemical interactions with the surface. Therefore, fluid shear was insufficient to overcome adhesion forces between the surface and dead cells. Furthermore, hydrodynamic forces due to the flow can cause more planktonic and detached live cells to collide with nano-features on the surface, causing more cells to lyse. These results show that nanotopographic surfaces do not have self-cleaning ability as opposed to natural bactericidal nanotopographic surfaces, and nanotopographic surfaces tend to perform better under flow conditions. These findings are highly useful for developing and optimizing nanotopographic surfaces for medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. W.
M. A. Ishantha Senevirathne
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School
of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000 QLD Australia
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School
of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000 QLD Australia
| | - Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland
University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School
of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000 QLD Australia
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Zhang J, Chen H, Lin T, Yang F, Zhang J, Cai X, Yang Y, Zhang P, Tan S. Fabrication of a TiO 2@Cu Core-Shell Nanorod Array as Coating for Titanium Substrate with Mechanical and Chemical Dual Antibacterial Property. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3349-3359. [PMID: 35797233 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is an excellent medical metal material, but the absence of good antibacterial property restricts its widespread application. To overcome this, we thus conducted a series of modifications for Ti. First, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod array was generated on the Ti surface by hydrothermal treatment (TiO2/Ti). With the polymer-mediated self-assembly method, a continuous copper (Cu) shell structure on the surface of the nanorod was then generated to form a TiO2@Cu core-shell nanorod array as coating for Ti (TiO2@Cu/Ti). Using pure Ti as the control group, the antibacterial properties of TiO2/Ti and TiO2@Cu/Ti were appraised. The results manifested that the mechanical and chemical dual function of the released Cu2+ and TiO2 nanorod array could effectively kill bacteria on the surface of Ti. Besides, the obtained coating exhibited no cytotoxicity and favorable biocompatibility. In this work, we found an antibacterial strategy based on multiple sterilization pathways, which made Ti have good antibacterial property and further improved its biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China.,School of Light Industry and Materials, Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan 528041, P.R. China
| | - Huakai Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Tongyao Lin
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Cai
- School of Light Industry and Materials, Guangdong Polytechnic, Foshan 528041, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Yang
- Science and Technology Department, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shaozao Tan
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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Effect of Treated Time of Hydrothermal Etching Process on Oxide Layer Formation and Its Antibacterial Properties. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030091. [PMID: 35892361 PMCID: PMC9326640 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by natural materials, we developed an antibacterial surface on titanium (Ti) using hydrothermal etching techniques and examined the effect of treated time on oxide layer formation, its antibacterial properties, and surface defects. Hydrothermal etching was conducted on Grade 2 commercially pure Ti immersed in 5M NaOH at 250 °C during a range of time of 0–12 h. Nanopillars generated on the surface had ~100 nm thickness, which resulted in decreased attachment and rupturing of the attached bacteria. The results also showed that 6 h and 8 h of etching time provided a desirable uniform nanopillar structure with the most effective prevention of bacterial adherence on the surface. Multiscale SEM observations revealed that the longer the etching was conducted, the more cracks propagated, which led to an increase in dissociated fragments of the oxide layer. In the 12 h of etching, a higher density of bacterial adherence was observed than that of the untreated and the shorter time treated samples, indicating that etching took longer than 10 h worsened the antibacterial properties of the nano-patterned surface of Ti. This study demonstrated that the optimal time duration is 6–8 h for the oxide layer formation to maximize antibacterial activity and minimize cracking formation on the surface. For future studies, we suggest exploring many possible conditions to generate a more uniform nanopattern without structural defects to secure the integration between a newly deposited oxide layer and the substrate.
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