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Plasmonic phenomena in molecular junctions: principles and applications. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:681-704. [PMID: 37117494 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular junctions are building blocks for constructing future nanoelectronic devices that enable the investigation of a broad range of electronic transport properties within nanoscale regions. Crossing both the nanoscopic and mesoscopic length scales, plasmonics lies at the intersection of the macroscopic photonics and nanoelectronics, owing to their capability of confining light to dimensions far below the diffraction limit. Research activities on plasmonic phenomena in molecular electronics started around 2010, and feedback between plasmons and molecular junctions has increased over the past years. These efforts can provide new insights into the near-field interaction and the corresponding tunability in properties, as well as resultant plasmon-based molecular devices. This Review presents the latest advancements of plasmonic resonances in molecular junctions and details the progress in plasmon excitation and plasmon coupling. We also highlight emerging experimental approaches to unravel the mechanisms behind the various types of light-matter interactions at molecular length scales, where quantum effects come into play. Finally, we discuss the potential of these plasmonic-electronic hybrid systems across various future applications, including sensing, photocatalysis, molecular trapping and active control of molecular switches.
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Bastide M, Gam-Derouich S, Lacroix JC. Long-Range Plasmon-Induced Anisotropic Growth of an Organic Semiconductor between Isotropic Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4253-4259. [PMID: 35503742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced diazonium reduction was used to graft an organic semiconductor, namely oligo(bisthienylbenzene) (BTB), onto square arrays of gold nanoparticles (NPs) of various diameters. Grafting was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements by the extinction spectra of the localized surface plasmon resonance, as well as by Raman and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies. We show that BTB is selectively deposited around the NPs. The thickness of the layer increases with increasing irradiation time and reaches a limit which depends on the size of the NPs with the thicker organic layers being generated for smaller NPs. Under polarized irradiation, BTB growth is strongly anisotropic. Starting from arrays with square gratings and spherical NPs, long-range plasmon-induced anisotropic growth makes it possible to generate in the direction of the polarized light, lines, columns, or lines and columns of NPs connected by an organic semiconductor. These results demonstrate that the growth is due to hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bastide
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sarra Gam-Derouich
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Nguyen LL, Le QH, Pham VN, Bastide M, Gam-Derouich S, Nguyen VQ, Lacroix JC. Confinement Effect of Plasmon for the Fabrication of Interconnected AuNPs through the Reduction of Diazonium Salts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1957. [PMID: 34443789 PMCID: PMC8397949 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a rapid bottom-up approach to selectively functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using the plasmon confinement effect. The plasmonic substrates based on a AuNP-free surfactant were fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Using this bottom-up technique, many sub-30 nm spatial gaps between the deposited AuNPs were randomly generated on the ITO substrate, which is difficult to obtain with a top-down approach (i.e., E-beam lithography) due to its fabrication limits. The 4-Aminodiphenyl (ADP) molecules were grafted directly onto the AuNPs through a plasmon-induced reduction of the 4-Aminodiphenyl diazonium salts (ADPD). The ADP organic layer preferentially grew in the narrow gaps between the many adjacent AuNPs to create interconnected AuNPs. This novel strategy opens up an efficient technique for the localized surface modification at the nanoscale over a macroscopic area, which is anticipated to be an advanced nanofabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.-L.N.); (Q.-H.L.); (V.-N.P.)
| | - Quang-Hai Le
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.-L.N.); (Q.-H.L.); (V.-N.P.)
| | - Van-Nhat Pham
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.-L.N.); (Q.-H.L.); (V.-N.P.)
| | - Mathieu Bastide
- Chemistry Department, Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 Rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (S.G.-D.)
| | - Sarra Gam-Derouich
- Chemistry Department, Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 Rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (S.G.-D.)
| | - Van-Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.-L.N.); (Q.-H.L.); (V.-N.P.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.-L.N.); (Q.-H.L.); (V.-N.P.)
- Chemistry Department, Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 Rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, CEDEX 13, 75205 Paris, France; (M.B.); (S.G.-D.)
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Hnid I, Frath D, Lafolet F, Sun X, Lacroix JC. Highly Efficient Photoswitch in Diarylethene-Based Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7732-7736. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hnid
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Denis Frath
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Frederic Lafolet
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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Ai Y, Lacroix JC. Self-terminated fabrication of electrochemically-gated conducting polymer nanojunctions. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Nishi H, Tatsuma T. Accelerated site-selective photooxidation on Au nanoparticles via electrochemically-assisted plasmonic hole ejection. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19455-19461. [PMID: 31524204 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to induce electrochemical reactions by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), semiconductors have been employed as electron or hole acceptors for plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS) in most cases. Here we replaced a semiconductor with a potential-controlled transparent electrode, and achieved accelerated photooxidation reactions at selected local sites on plasmonic metal nanoparticles. We demonstrate site-selective PbO2 deposition at the tips and sides of Au nanorods and PbO2 deposition and Au dissolution at the top and bottom of Au nanocubes, through the selective excitation of different LSPR modes. Energetic electron-hole pairs are generated at a plasmonic resonance site, and oxidation reactions are driven by hole ejection at the site. The complementary electrons are removed via the positively biased electrode, and consumed at a counter electrode by reduction reactions. In the case of the PbO2 deposition, formation of PbO2 nuclei is triggered by the hole ejection, and PbO2 is grown further in an electrochemical manner at an improved rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Nishi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Tatsuma
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Mariani F, Conzuelo F, Cramer T, Gualandi I, Possanzini L, Tessarolo M, Fraboni B, Schuhmann W, Scavetta E. Microscopic Determination of Carrier Density and Mobility in Working Organic Electrochemical Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902534. [PMID: 31448569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of electrochemical and physical phenomena originating the response of electrolyte-gated transistors is crucial for improved handling and design of these devices. However, the lack of suitable tools for direct investigation of microscale effects has hindered the possibility to bridge the gap between experiments and theoretical models. In this contribution, a scanning probe setup is used to explore the operation mechanisms of organic electrochemical transistors by probing the local electrochemical potential of the organic film composing the device channel. Moreover, an interpretative model is developed in order to highlight the meaning of electrochemical doping and to show how the experimental data can give direct access to fundamental device parameters, such as local charge carrier concentration and mobility. This approach is versatile and provides insight into the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interface and useful information for materials characterization, device scaling, and sensing optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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