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Mariani F, Decataldo F, Bonafè F, Tessarolo M, Cramer T, Gualandi I, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. High-Endurance Long-Term Potentiation in Neuromorphic Organic Electrochemical Transistors by PEDOT:PSS Electrochemical Polymerization on the Gate Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37966461 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The brain exhibits extraordinary information processing capabilities thanks to neural networks that can operate in parallel with minimal energy consumption. Memory and learning require the creation of new neural networks through the long-term modification of the structure of the synapses, a phenomenon called long-term plasticity. Here, we use an organic electrochemical transistor to simulate long-term potentiation and depotentiation processes. Similarly to what happens in a synapse, the polymerization of the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on the gate electrode modifies the structure of the device and boosts the ability of the gate potential to modify the conductivity of the channel. Operando AFM measurements were carried out to demonstrate the correlation between neuromorphic behavior and modification of the gate electrode. Long-term enhancement depends on both the number of pulses used and the gate potential, which generates long-term potentiation when a threshold of +0.7 V is overcome. Long-term depotentiation occurs by applying a +3.0 V potential and exploits the overoxidation of the deposited PEDOT:PSS. The induced states are stable for at least 2 months. The developed device shows very interesting characteristics in the field of neuromorphic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonafè
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Arcangeli D, Gualandi I, Mariani F, Tessarolo M, Ceccardi F, Decataldo F, Melandri F, Tonelli D, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. Smart Bandaid Integrated with Fully Textile OECT for Uric Acid Real-Time Monitoring in Wound Exudate. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1593-1608. [PMID: 36929744 PMCID: PMC10152490 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Hard-to-heal wounds (i.e., severe and/or chronic) are typically associated with particular pathologies or afflictions such as diabetes, immunodeficiencies, compression traumas in bedridden people, skin grafts, or third-degree burns. In this situation, it is critical to constantly monitor the healing stages and the overall wound conditions to allow for better-targeted therapies and faster patient recovery. At the moment, this operation is performed by removing the bandages and visually inspecting the wound, putting the patient at risk of infection and disturbing the healing stages. Recently, new devices have been developed to address these issues by monitoring important biomarkers related to the wound health status, such as pH, moisture, etc. In this contribution, we present a novel textile chemical sensor exploiting an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) configuration based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) for uric acid (UA)-selective monitoring in wound exudate. The combination of special medical-grade textile materials provides a passive sampling system that enables the real-time and non-invasive analysis of wound fluid: UA was detected as a benchmark analyte to monitor the health status of wounds since it represents a relevant biomarker associated with infections or necrotization processes in human tissues. The sensors proved to reliably and reversibly detect UA concentration in synthetic wound exudate in the biologically relevant range of 220-750 μM, operating in flow conditions for better mimicking the real wound bed. This forerunner device paves the way for smart bandages integrated with real-time monitoring OECT-based sensors for wound-healing evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Arcangeli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Mariani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Melandri
- Plastod S.p.A., Via Walter Masetti 7, Calderara di Reno, 40012 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Tonelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Decataldo F, Giovannini C, Grumiro L, Marino MM, Faccin F, Brandolini M, Dirani G, Taddei F, Lelli D, Tessarolo M, Calienni M, Cacciotto C, De Pascali AM, Lavazza A, Fraboni B, Sambri V, Scagliarini A. Organic Electrochemical Transistors as Versatile Tool for Real-Time and Automatized Viral Cytopathic Effect Evaluation. Viruses 2022; 14:1155. [PMID: 35746627 PMCID: PMC9227436 DOI: 10.3390/v14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vitro viral studies are still fundamental for biomedical research since studying the virus kinetics on cells is crucial for the determination of the biological properties of viruses and for screening the inhibitors of infections. Moreover, testing potential viral contaminants is often mandatory for safety evaluation. Nowadays, viral cytopathic effects are mainly evaluated through end-point assays requiring dye-staining combined with optical evaluation. Recently, optical-based automatized equipment has been marketed, aimed at the real-time screening of cell-layer status and obtaining further insights, which are unavailable with end-point assays. However, these technologies present two huge limitations, namely, high costs and the possibility to study only cytopathic viruses, whose effects lead to plaque formation and layer disruption. Here, we employed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (Pedot:Pss) organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for the real-time, electrical monitoring of the infection of cytolytic viruses, i.e., encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and non-cytolytic viruses, i.e., bovine coronavirus (B-CoV), on cells. OECT data on EMCV were validated using a commercially-available optical-based technology, which, however, failed in the B-CoV titration analysis, as expected. The OECTs proved to be reliable, fast, and versatile devices for viral infection monitoring, which could be scaled up at low cost, reducing the operator workload and speeding up in-vitro assays in the biomedical research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Maria Michela Marino
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Faccin
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Calienni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
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Mariani F, Serafini M, Gualandi I, Arcangeli D, Decataldo F, Possanzini L, Tessarolo M, Tonelli D, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. Advanced Wound Dressing for Real-Time pH Monitoring. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2366-2377. [PMID: 34076430 PMCID: PMC8294608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of wearable technologies is giving rise to a strong push for textile chemical sensors design targeting the real-time collection of vital parameters for improved healthcare. Among the most promising applications, monitoring of nonhealing wounds is a scarcely explored medical field that still lacks quantitative tools for the management of the healing process. In this work, a smart bandage is developed for the real-time monitoring of wound pH, which has been reported to correlate with the healing stages, thus potentially giving direct access to the wound status without disturbing the wound bed. The fully textile device is realized by integrating a sensing layer, including the two-terminal pH sensor made of a semiconducting polymer and iridium oxide particles, and an absorbent layer ensuring the delivery of a continuous wound exudate flow across the sensor area. The two-terminal sensor exhibits a reversible response with a sensitivity of (59 ± 4) μA pH-1 in the medically relevant pH range for wound monitoring (pH 6-9), and its performance is not substantially affected either by the presence of the most common chemical interferents or by temperature gradients from 22 to 40 °C. Thanks to the robust sensing mechanism based on potentiometric transduction and the simple device geometry, the fully assembled smart bandage was successfully validated in flow analysis using synthetic wound exudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Serafini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Arcangeli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Decataldo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Tonelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Mariani F, Possanzini L, Scavetta E, Fraboni B. Textile Chemical Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers for the Analysis of Sweat. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 33799437 PMCID: PMC8000821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable textile chemical sensors are promising devices due to the potential applications in medicine, sports activities and occupational safety and health. Reaching the maturity required for commercialization is a technology challenge that mainly involves material science because these sensors should be adapted to flexible and light-weight substrates to preserve the comfort of the wearer. Conductive polymers (CPs) are a fascinating solution to meet this demand, as they exhibit the mechanical properties of polymers, with an electrical conductivity typical of semiconductors. Moreover, their biocompatibility makes them promising candidates for effectively interfacing the human body. In particular, sweat analysis is very attractive to wearable technologies as perspiration is a naturally occurring process and sweat can be sampled non-invasively and continuously over time. This review discusses the role of CPs in the development of textile electrochemical sensors specifically designed for real-time sweat monitoring and the main challenges related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.T.); (L.P.); (B.F.)
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Possanzini L, Decataldo F, Mariani F, Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Scavetta E, Fraboni B. Textile sensors platform for the selective and simultaneous detection of chloride ion and pH in sweat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17180. [PMID: 33057081 PMCID: PMC7560666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable sensors, in particular fully-textile ones, is one of the most interesting open challenges in bioelectronics. Several and significant steps forward have been taken in the last decade in order to achieve a compact, lightweight, cost-effective, and easy to wear platform for healthcare and sport activities real-time monitoring. We have developed a fully textile, multi-thread biosensing platform that can detect different bioanalytes simultaneously without interference, and, as an example, we propose it for testing chloride ions (Cl-) concentration and pH level. The textile sensors are simple threads, based on natural and synthetic fibers, coated with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and properly functionalized with either a nano-composite material or a chemical sensitive dye to obtain Cl- and pH selective sensing functionality, respectively. The single-thread sensors show excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity, long term stability and the ability to work with small volumes of solution. The performance of the developed textile devices is demonstrated both in buffer solution and in artificial human perspiration to perform on-demand and point-of-care epidermal fluids analysis. The possibility to easily knit or sew the thread sensors into fabrics opens up a new vision for a textile wearable multi-sensing platform achievable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Possanzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Mariani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Decataldo F, Barbalinardo M, Gentili D, Tessarolo M, Calienni M, Cavallini M, Fraboni B. Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Real‐Time Monitoring of In Vitro Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e1900204. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Marianna Barbalinardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR‐ISMN) via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Denis Gentili
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR‐ISMN) via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Calienni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cavallini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR‐ISMN) via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAlma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna Italy
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Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Mariani F, Tonelli D, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. Organic Electrochemical Transistors as Versatile Analytical Potentiometric Sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:354. [PMID: 31824941 PMCID: PMC6882742 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentiometric transduction is an important tool of analytical chemistry to record chemical signals, but some constraints in the miniaturization and low-cost fabrication of the reference electrode are a bottleneck in the realization of more-advanced devices such as wearable and lab-on-a-chip sensors. Here, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has been designed with an alternative architecture that allows to record the potentiometric signals of gate electrodes, which have been chemically modified to obtain Ag/AgnX interfaces (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, and S2-), without the use of a reference electrode. When the OECT is immersed in a sample solution, it reaches an equilibrium state, because PEDOT:PSS exchanges charges with the electrolyte until its Fermi level is aligned to the one of Ag/AgnX. The latter is controlled by Xn- concentration in the solution. As a consequence, in this spontaneous process, the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS changes with the electrochemical potential of the modified gate electrode without any external bias. The sensor works by applying only a fixed drain current or drain voltage and thus the OECT sensor operates with just two terminals. It is also demonstrated that, in this configuration, gate potential values extracted from the drain current are in good agreement with the ones measured with respect to a reference electrode being perfectly correlated (linear slope equal to 1.00 ± 0.03). In the case of the sulfide anion, the OECT performance overcomes the limit represented by the Nernst equation, with a sensitivity of 0.52 V decade-1. The presented results suggest that OECTs could be a viable option to fabricate advanced sensors based on potentiometric transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Possanzini L, Tessarolo M, Mazzocchetti L, Campari EG, Fraboni B. Impact of Fabric Properties on Textile Pressure Sensors Performance. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19214686. [PMID: 31661929 PMCID: PMC6864692 DOI: 10.3390/s19214686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, wearable technologies have attracted great attention in physical and chemical sensing applications. Wearable pressure sensors with high sensitivity in low pressure range (<10 kPa) allow touch detection for human-computer interaction and the development of artificial hands for handling objects. Conversely, pressure sensors that perform in a high pressure range (up to 100 kPa), can be used to monitor the foot pressure distribution, the hand stress during movements of heavy weights or to evaluate the cyclist’s pressure pattern on a bicycle saddle. Recently, we developed a fully textile pressure sensor based on a conductive polymer, with simple fabrication and scalable features. In this paper, we intend to provide an extensive description on how the mechanical properties of several fabrics and different piezoresistive ink formulation may have an impact in the sensor’s response during a dynamic operation mode. These results highlight the complexity of the system due to the presence of various parameters such as the fabric used, the conductive polymer solution, the operation mode and the desired pressure range. Furthermore, this work can lead to a protocol for new improvements and optimizations useful for adapting textile pressure sensors to a large variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Possanzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gianfranco Campari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Mariani F, Conzuelo F, Cramer T, Gualandi I, Possanzini L, Tessarolo M, Fraboni B, Schuhmann W, Scavetta E. Microscopic Determination of Carrier Density and Mobility in Working Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Small 2019; 15:e1902534. [PMID: 31448569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of electrochemical and physical phenomena originating the response of electrolyte-gated transistors is crucial for improved handling and design of these devices. However, the lack of suitable tools for direct investigation of microscale effects has hindered the possibility to bridge the gap between experiments and theoretical models. In this contribution, a scanning probe setup is used to explore the operation mechanisms of organic electrochemical transistors by probing the local electrochemical potential of the organic film composing the device channel. Moreover, an interpretative model is developed in order to highlight the meaning of electrochemical doping and to show how the experimental data can give direct access to fundamental device parameters, such as local charge carrier concentration and mobility. This approach is versatile and provides insight into the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interface and useful information for materials characterization, device scaling, and sensing optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Decataldo F, Cramer T, Martelli D, Gualandi I, Korim WS, Yao ST, Tessarolo M, Murgia M, Scavetta E, Amici R, Fraboni B. Stretchable Low Impedance Electrodes for Bioelectronic Recording from Small Peripheral Nerves. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10598. [PMID: 31332219 PMCID: PMC6646361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of bioelectric signals in peripheral sympathetic nerves of small animal models is crucial to gain understanding of how the autonomic nervous system controls specific body functions related to disease states. Advances in minimally-invasive electrodes for such recordings in chronic conditions rely on electrode materials that show low-impedance ionic/electronic interfaces and elastic mechanical properties compliant with the soft and fragile nerve strands. Here we report a highly stretchable low-impedance electrode realized by microcracked gold films as metallic conductors covered with stretchable conducting polymer composite to facilitate ion-to-electron exchange. The conducting polymer composite based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) obtains its adhesive, low-impedance properties by controlling thickness, plasticizer content and deposition conditions. Atomic Force Microscopy measurements under strain show that the optimized conducting polymer coating is compliant with the micro-crack mechanics of the underlying Au-layer, necessary to absorb the tensile deformation when the electrodes are stretched. We demonstrate functionality of the stretchable electrodes by performing high quality recordings of renal sympathetic nerve activity under chronic conditions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - Physiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Willian S Korim
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Song T Yao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Murgia
- Instituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - Physiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Mariani F, Gualandi I, Tessarolo M, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. PEDOT: Dye-Based, Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Highly Sensitive pH Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:22474-22484. [PMID: 29883081 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are bioelectronic devices able to bridge electronic and biological domains with especially high amplification and configurational versatility and thus stand out as promising platforms for healthcare applications and portable sensing technologies. Here, we have optimized the synthesis of two pH-sensitive composites of PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) doped with pH dyes (BTB and MO, i.e., Bromothymol Blue and Methyl Orange, respectively), showing their ability to successfully convert the pH into an electrical signal. The PEDOT:BTB composite, which exhibited the best performance, was used as the gate electrode to develop an OECT sensor for pH monitoring that can reliably operate in a two-fold transduction mode with super-Nernstian sensitivity. When the OECT transconductance is employed as analytical signal, a sensitivity of 93 ± 8 mV pH unit-1 is achieved by successive sampling in aqueous electrolytes. When the detection is carried out by dynamically changing the pH of the same medium, the offset gate voltage of the OECT shifts by (1.1 ± 0.3) × 102 mV pH unit-1. As a further step, the optimized configuration was realized on a PET substrate, and the performance of the resulting flexible OECT was assessed in artificial sweat within a medically relevant pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , 40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , 40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , 40136 Bologna , Italy
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13
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Seri M, Gedefaw D, Prosa M, Tessarolo M, Bolognesi M, Muccini M, Andersson MR. A new quinoxaline and isoindigo based polymer as donor material for solar cells: Role of ecofriendly processing solvents on the device efficiency and stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Seri
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF); Via P. Gobetti, 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Desta Gedefaw
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Mario Prosa
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN); Via P. Gobetti, 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN); Via P. Gobetti, 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | | | - Michele Muccini
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN); Via P. Gobetti, 101 Bologna 40129 Italy
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia; Mawson Lakes South Australia 5095 Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg 412 96 Sweden
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14
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Gedefaw D, Tessarolo M, Bolognesi M, Prosa M, Kroon R, Zhuang W, Henriksson P, Bini K, Wang E, Muccini M, Seri M, Andersson MR. Synthesis and characterization of benzodithiophene and benzotriazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1629-37. [PMID: 27559416 PMCID: PMC4979905 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two high bandgap benzodithiophene-benzotriazole-based polymers were synthesized via palladium-catalysed Stille coupling reaction. In order to compare the effect of the side chains on the opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties of the resulting polymers, the benzodithiophene monomers were substituted with either octylthienyl (PTzBDT-1) or dihexylthienyl (PTzBDT-2) as side groups, while the benzotriazole unit was maintained unaltered. The optical characterization, both in solution and thin-film, indicated that PTzBDT-1 has a red-shifted optical absorption compared to PTzBDT-2, likely due to a more planar conformation of the polymer backbone promoted by the lower content of alkyl side chains. The different aggregation in the solid state also affects the energetic properties of the polymers, resulting in a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for PTzBDT-1 with respect to PTzBDT-2. However, an unexpected behaviour is observed when the two polymers are used as a donor material, in combination with PC61BM as acceptor, in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Even though PTzBDT-1 showed favourable optical and electrochemical properties, the devices based on this polymer present a power conversion efficiency of 3.3%, considerably lower than the efficiency of 4.7% obtained for the analogous solar cells based on PTzBDT-2. The lower performance is presumably attributed to the limited solubility of the PTzBDT-1 in organic solvents resulting in enhanced aggregation and poor intermixing with the acceptor material in the active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Gedefaw
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- National Research Council (CNR) – Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Mario Prosa
- National Research Council (CNR) – Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Wenliu Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Patrik Henriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Kim Bini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Michele Muccini
- National Research Council (CNR) – Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Seri
- National Research Council (CNR) − Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
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15
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Prosa M, Tessarolo M, Bolognesi M, Margeat O, Gedefaw D, Gaceur M, Videlot-Ackermann C, Andersson MR, Muccini M, Seri M, Ackermann J. Enhanced Ultraviolet Stability of Air-Processed Polymer Solar Cells by Al Doping of the ZnO Interlayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:1635-43. [PMID: 26751271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photostability of organic photovoltaic devices represents a key requirement for the commercialization of this technology. In this field, ZnO is one of the most attractive materials employed as an electron transport layer, and the investigation of its photostability is of particular interest. Indeed, oxygen is known to chemisorb on ZnO and can be released upon UV illumination. Therefore, a deep analysis of the UV/oxygen effects on working devices is relevant for the industrial production where the coating processes take place in air and oxygen/ZnO contact cannot be avoided. Here we investigate the light-soaking stability of inverted organic solar cells in which four different solution-processed ZnO-based nanoparticles were used as electron transport layers: (i) pristine ZnO, (ii) 0.03 at %, (iii) 0.37 at %, and (iv) 0.8 at % aluminum-doped AZO nanoparticles. The degradation of solar cells under prolonged illumination (40 h under 1 sun), in which the ZnO/AZO layers were processed in air or inert atmosphere, is studied. We demonstrate that the presence of oxygen during the ZnO/AZO processing is crucial for the photostability of the resulting solar cell. While devices based on undoped ZnO were particularly affected by degradation, we found that using AZO nanoparticles the losses in performance, due to the presence of oxygen, were partially or totally prevented depending on the Al doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) - Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) , Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) - Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) , Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Desta Gedefaw
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology , Goteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Meriem Gaceur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Mats R Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology , Goteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Ian Wark Research Institute, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Michele Muccini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) - Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) , Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Seri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) - Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) , Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
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16
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Prosa M, Sagnella A, Posati T, Tessarolo M, Bolognesi M, Cavallini S, Toffanin S, Benfenati V, Seri M, Ruani G, Muccini M, Zamboni R. Integration of a silk fibroin based film as a luminescent down-shifting layer in ITO-free organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08390c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bio-derived silk-fibroin film doped with a luminescent dye and its application as luminescent down-shifting layer in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sagnella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marta Tessarolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Cavallini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Toffanin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Seri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ruani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Muccini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) – Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Bologna, Italy
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17
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Gedefaw D, Tessarolo M, Zhuang W, Kroon R, Wang E, Bolognesi M, Seri M, Muccini M, Andersson MR. Conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophene and fluorinated quinoxaline for bulk heterojunction solar cells: thiophene versus thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as π-conjugated spacers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Capria E, Benevoli L, Perucchi A, Fraboni B, Tessarolo M, Lupi S, Fraleoni-Morgera A. Infrared Investigations of 4-Hydroxycyanobenzene Single Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6781-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Capria
- Organic Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza
(TS), Italy
| | - L. Benevoli
- Organic Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza
(TS), Italy
| | - A. Perucchi
- Organic Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza
(TS), Italy
| | - B. Fraboni
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127
Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Tessarolo
- Eurotech SpA, V. Fratelli Solari 3/a, 33020 Amaro (UD),
Italy
| | - Stefano Lupi
- CNR-IOM and Department
of Physics, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Fraleoni-Morgera
- Organic Optoelectronics Laboratory, Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza
(TS), Italy
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Bolognesi M, Gedefaw D, Dang D, Henriksson P, Zhuang W, Tessarolo M, Wang E, Muccini M, Seri M, Andersson MR. 2D π-conjugated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene- and quinoxaline-based copolymers for photovoltaic applications. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Camanni M, Bonino L, Tessarolo M, Migliaretti G, Ferrero B, Deltetto F. Is it possible to obtain a presurgical Lasmar score for hysteroscopic myomectomy by ultrasound alone? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:106-111. [PMID: 22461371 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a Lasmar score obtained entirely by the use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides results similar to those obtained using the original hysteroscopic technique. METHODS This was a prospective study performed on a series of patients presenting with symptomatic submucous fibroids and scheduled for hysteroscopic myomectomy. Ultrasound Lasmar scores were obtained by a single physician, a specialist in ultrasonography, in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. 3D images were evaluated by offline examination using multiplanar analysis. Classical Lasmar scores were obtained by a different physician, a specialist in hysteroscopy, during the follicular phase of the subsequent cycle. Surgery was performed by a third physician in the follicular phase who also reported a Lasmar score, which we considered as the gold standard. The concordance between group classifications (I-III, relating to difficulty of hysteroscopic resection) according to the three methods used to obtain the Lasmar score (ultrasound, classical and surgery) was calculated using Cohen's κ statistic. RESULTS Thirty-four women, with a mean age of 43 ± 4.9 years, were enrolled in the study. Thirty-six submucous fibroids were identified by both ultrasound and diagnostic hysteroscopy. The mean diameter of fibroids evaluated was 28 ± 13.2 mm. The concordance between the three methods of classifying patients according to Lasmar score was high: classical vs. surgery, κ = 0.88; ultrasound vs. surgery, κ = 0.93; and classical vs. ultrasound, κ = 0.77. CONCLUSION The Lasmar score can be obtained solely by ultrasound examination performed in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, avoiding office hysteroscopy without a loss of diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camanni
- GINTEAM Unit of Minimally Invasive Gynaecology, Turin, Italy
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21
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Grio R, Ambroggio GP, D'Addato F, Bello L, Leotta E, Tersiev P, Febo G, Tessarolo M, Lanza A. [A new method of neovagina in Rokitansky's syndrome. A review of the literature and description of a series]. Minerva Ginecol 2002; 54:161-70. [PMID: 12032454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence or hypoplasia of the vagina is a frequent finding in Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser syndrome. METHODS A group of 13 patients with Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster-Hauser syndrome were treated between 1982 and December 2001 at the Plastic Surgery Department of C.T.O. (Turin) and the 2nd Obstetrics-Gynecology Clinic of Turin University. Surgery was the proposed therapy in all patients, using a modified version of the McIndoe technique. RESULTS In this series, the cytological tests of neovaginal tissue carried out one year after surgery showed a syndrome of slight atrophy in 8 cases, but this was not sufficient to impede the sexual activity of these patients. Two patients were lost in the follow-up; 3 patients declared that they were reasonably satisfied with their sex life, whereas the remaining 8 reported a normal sex life. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of choice for complete vaginal agenesia is a neovagina using the skin graft method. This technique produces excellent anatomical results, especially in young patients, even without regular dilatation or frequent sexual relationships. The only drawback of this method is that the vagina tends to retract in some patients, a problem that has been largely solved by the most recently proposed surgical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grio
- Dipartimento di Discipline Ginecologiche e Ostetriche, Cattedra B, Università degli Studi, Turin, Italy.
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Febo G, Tessarolo M, Leo L, Arduino S, Wierdis T, Lanza L. Surgical management of leiomyomata in pregnancy. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1997; 24:76-8. [PMID: 9342467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A review was made of the medical records of 26 patients with uterine myomas during pregnancy between 1983 and 1992 among 12,965 deliveries. Thirteen patients underwent myomectomies before pregnancy. In three patients myomectomy was performed during pregnancy between the 12th and the 19th week of pregnancy. In ten patients myomectomy was performed during cesarean section delivery to prevent necrobiosis. Myomectomy should remain exceptional during pregnancy and it must be performed only in selected cases but is frequently used towards the end of a cesarean section. Indications for hysterectomy, on the other hand, remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Febo
- Department B of Gynecology and Obstetric Institute, University of Turin, Italy
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23
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Leo L, Arduino S, Febo G, Tessarolo M, Lauricella A, Wierdis T, Lanza A. Cervical cerclage for malformed uterus. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1997; 24:104-6. [PMID: 9342477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of cervical cerclage was evaluated in six pregnant women with anomalous uterus. Early prophylactic cerclage according to the Shirodkar and McDonald technique was done on all cases of uterine malformation (except septate uterus) with or without cervical incompetence in association with progesterone and antispastic therapy. Improvement in obstetrical outcome was noted after cerclage. Even if no doubt exists as to the need for cerclage in cases of cervical incompetence, the concept of routine prophylactic cerclage in all cases of uterine anomalies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leo
- Department B of Gynecology and Obstetric Institute, University, Turin, Italy
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24
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Leo L, Tessarolo M, Febo G, Farina C, Nuzzo L, Arduino S, Wierdis T, Lanza A. Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer: new data for an old problem. Review. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 1997; 18:429-33. [PMID: 9378170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, is used for pre- and postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Data on a possible association of endometrial pathologies with Tamoxifen treatment have been accumulating. The current literature and our experience are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leo
- Department B of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Institute, University of Torino, Italy
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Tessarolo M, Brizzolara M, Arduino S, Leo L, Febo G, Wierdis T, Lanza A. Grand multiparity: a study of 168 cases. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 1997; 24:41-3. [PMID: 9107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to consider the problem of grand multiparity in our female population to evaluate if grand multiparity represents a real risk factor for pregnancy, delivery and fetal well-being. From 1981 to 1989 the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Institute of Turin University together with St. Anna Hospital of Turin carried out a retrospective study on pregnancy course, delivery and fetal status in 168 women who had had four or more pregnancies and in 5320 multiparous women who had parity < 4. We analyzed the parity distribution in the different ages with the aid of the registry office and by consulting patient's obstetric clinical history. We evaluated the incidence of gestational complications in the multiparous group. Finally we studied the delivery modality and perinatal mortality in 72,907 births from 1981 to 1989.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tessarolo
- Department B of Gynecology, University of Torino, Italy
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26
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Arduino S, Leo L, Febo G, Tessarolo M, Wierdis T, Lanza A. Complications of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 1997; 18:208-10. [PMID: 9174838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) changed the staging criteria for endometrial cancer in 1988 and adopted a surgical-pathological staging involving also pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy. A total of 236 patients were treated for endometrial adenocarcinoma at Department B of the Gynecologic and Obstetrics Institute, University of Turin, between January 1976 and December 1995. Our protocol for surgical staging always entails pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and a simple total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy with removal of the upper third of the vagina. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective evaluation of the morbidity in patients with endometrial cancer after surgical treatment, either TAH-BSO alone or TAH-BSO with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arduino
- Department B of Gynecology and Obstetrics Institute, University of Torino, Italy
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27
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Lanza A, Colombatto S, Re A, Bellino R, Tessarolo M, Leo L. Prognostic significance of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 622:485-7. [PMID: 2064206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Lanza
- Istituto di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia, Università di Torino, Italy
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