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Polinas M, Cacciotto C, Zobba R, Antuofermo E, Burrai GP, Pirino S, Pittau M, Alberti A. Ovine papillomaviruses: Diversity, pathogenicity, and evolution. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109955. [PMID: 38160507 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal health. Although more than 250 species have been described in humans, the total number of papillomaviruses (PVs) discovered in animals does not reach up to this number. In animals, PV infections are mostly asymptomatic or can cause variable clinical conditions ranging from self-limiting papillomas and other cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions to cancer. Most of animal PV types have been discovered in cattle, dogs, horses, and cats with other farm host species remaining overlooked. In particular, the number of PV types so far identified in sheep is limited. This paper comprehensively reviews ovine PVs features, including viral taxonomy and evolution; genome organization; viral tropism and pathogenesis; macroscopical features and histopathological patterns, as well as available diagnostics tools. Data are critically presented and discussed in terms of impact on veterinary and public health. The development of future dedicated research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Polinas
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Università degli studi di Sassari, Italy.
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2
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Coradduzza E, Scarpa F, Rocchigiani AM, Cacciotto C, Lostia G, Fiori MS, Rodriguez Valera Y, De Pascali AM, Brandolini M, Azzena I, Locci C, Casu M, Bechere R, Pintus D, Ligios C, Scagliarini A, Sanna D, Puggioni G. The Global Evolutionary History of Orf Virus in Sheep and Goats Revealed by Whole Genomes Data. Viruses 2024; 16:158. [PMID: 38275968 PMCID: PMC10820850 DOI: 10.3390/v16010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (Poxviridae family). It is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma (CE) that is an economically detrimental disease affecting small ruminants globally. Contagious ecthyma outbreaks are usually reported in intensive breeding of sheep and goats but they have also been reported in wildlife species. Notably, ORFV can infect humans, leading to a zoonotic disease. This study aims to elucidate the global evolutionary history of ORFV genomes in sheep and goats, including the first genomes from Central America in the analyses. In comparison to the last study on ORFV whole genomes, the database now includes 11 more sheep and goat genomes, representing an increase of 42%. The analysis of such a broader database made it possible to obtain a fine molecular dating of the coalescent time for ORFV S and G genomes, further highlighting the genetic structuring between sheep and goat genomes and corroborating their emergence in the latter half of 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coradduzza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Angela Maria Rocchigiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giada Lostia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Mariangela Stefania Fiori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilenia Azzena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Chiara Locci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (C.L.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Casu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberto Bechere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Davide Pintus
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Ciriaco Ligios
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.D.P.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.S.); (I.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Giantonella Puggioni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.C.); (A.M.R.); (G.L.); (M.S.F.); (R.B.); (D.P.); (C.L.); (G.P.)
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3
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Gaspari V, Dentale N, Cesinaro AM, Gallina L, Cacciotto C, De Pascali AM, Fiorentini C, Varani S, Scagliarini A. Are Parapoxvirus zoonotic diseases doomed to remain neglected? New Microbiol 2022; 45:358-362. [PMID: 36066214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parapoxvirus (PPV) infections are considered neglected zoonoses because their incidence is often unknown or greatly underestimated despite being endemic globally. Here, we report the comprehensive diagnostic workflow that led to the identification of two cases of persistent PPV infections. The results obtained underline the importance of adopting a "One Health" approach and cross-sectoral collaboration between human and veterinary medicine for precise aetiological diagnosis and correct management of patients affected by zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gaspari
- Dermatology Unit, Head and Neck Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Dentale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cesinaro
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratory and Anatomic Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Gallina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Department of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Varani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Decataldo F, Giovannini C, Grumiro L, Marino MM, Faccin F, Brandolini M, Dirani G, Taddei F, Lelli D, Tessarolo M, Calienni M, Cacciotto C, De Pascali AM, Lavazza A, Fraboni B, Sambri V, Scagliarini A. Organic Electrochemical Transistors as Versatile Tool for Real-Time and Automatized Viral Cytopathic Effect Evaluation. Viruses 2022; 14:1155. [PMID: 35746627 PMCID: PMC9227436 DOI: 10.3390/v14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vitro viral studies are still fundamental for biomedical research since studying the virus kinetics on cells is crucial for the determination of the biological properties of viruses and for screening the inhibitors of infections. Moreover, testing potential viral contaminants is often mandatory for safety evaluation. Nowadays, viral cytopathic effects are mainly evaluated through end-point assays requiring dye-staining combined with optical evaluation. Recently, optical-based automatized equipment has been marketed, aimed at the real-time screening of cell-layer status and obtaining further insights, which are unavailable with end-point assays. However, these technologies present two huge limitations, namely, high costs and the possibility to study only cytopathic viruses, whose effects lead to plaque formation and layer disruption. Here, we employed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (Pedot:Pss) organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for the real-time, electrical monitoring of the infection of cytolytic viruses, i.e., encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and non-cytolytic viruses, i.e., bovine coronavirus (B-CoV), on cells. OECT data on EMCV were validated using a commercially-available optical-based technology, which, however, failed in the B-CoV titration analysis, as expected. The OECTs proved to be reliable, fast, and versatile devices for viral infection monitoring, which could be scaled up at low cost, reducing the operator workload and speeding up in-vitro assays in the biomedical research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Decataldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Maria Michela Marino
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Faccin
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Calienni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Mistral De Pascali
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Experimental Zooprofilactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna“Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (D.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy; (L.G.); (M.M.M.); (M.B.); (G.D.); (F.T.)
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES, Universtity of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.G.); (C.C.); (A.M.D.P.); (A.S.)
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5
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Burrai G, Cacciotto C, Alberti A, Scagliarini A, Gallina L, Zobba R, Columbano N, Murgia C, Polinas M, Antuofermo E. An Unusual Pathological Presentation of Contagious Ecthyma in a Goat. J Comp Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Cacciotto C, Dessì D, Cubeddu T, Cocco AR, Pisano A, Tore G, Fiori PL, Rappelli P, Pittau M, Alberti A. MHO_0730 as a Surface-Exposed Calcium-Dependent Nuclease of Mycoplasma hominis Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Escape. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1999-2008. [PMID: 31420650 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma lipoproteins play a relevant role in pathogenicity and directly interact with the host immune system. Among human mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma hominis is described as a commensal bacterium that can be associated with a number of genital and extragenital conditions. Mechanisms of M. hominis pathogenicity are still largely obscure, and only a limited number of proteins have been associated with virulence. The current study focused on investigating the role of MHO_0730 as a virulence factor and demonstrated that MHO_0730 is a surface lipoprotein, potentially expressed in vivo during natural infection, acting both as a nuclease with its amino acidic portion and as a potent inducer of Neutrophil extracellular trapsosis with its N-terminal lipid moiety. Evidence for M. hominis neutrophil extracellular trap escape is also presented. Results highlight the relevance of MHO_0730 in promoting infection and modulation and evasion of innate immunity and provide additional knowledge on M. hominis virulence and survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniele Dessì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy.,Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Gessica Tore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Fiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy.,Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Rappelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy.,Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy.,Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy.,Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
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7
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Pisanu S, Cacciotto C, Pagnozzi D, Uzzau S, Pollera C, Penati M, Bronzo V, Addis MF. Proteomic datasets of uninfected and Staphylococcus aureus-infected goat milk. Data Brief 2020; 30:105665. [PMID: 32426435 PMCID: PMC7225386 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a proteomic dataset generated from half-udder Alpine goat milk. The milk samples belonged to 3 groups: i) mid-lactation, low somatic cell count, uninfected milk (MLU, n=3); ii) late lactation, high somatic cell count, uninfected milk (LHU, n=3); and late lactation, high somatic cell count, Staphylococcus aureus subclinically infected milk (LHS, n=3). The detailed description of results is reported in the research article entitled “Impact of Staphylococcus aureus infection on the late lactation goat milk proteome: new perspectives for monitoring and understanding mastitis in dairy goats”. After milk defatting, high speed centrifugation and trypsin digestion of milk with the FASP protocol, peptide mixtures were analyzed by LC-MS/MS on a Q-Exactive. Peptide identification was carried out using Sequest-HT in Proteome Discoverer. Then, the Normalized Abundance Spectrum Factor (NSAF) value was calculated by label free quantitation using the spectral counting approach, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation by Uniprot was carried out by reporting biological process, molecular function and cellular component. The MS data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange via the PRIDE with the dataset identifier PXD017243.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author: Maria Filippa Addis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi (LO). Tel. ++39 02 503 34515
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8
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Zobba R, Ben Said M, Belkahia H, Pittau M, Cacciotto C, Pinna Parpaglia ML, Messadi L, Alberti A. Molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma spp. related to A. phagocytophilum in Mediterranean small ruminants. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105286. [PMID: 31790650 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma currently comprises 6 bacterial species mostly pathogenic to animals and/or human, including the zoonotic species Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne fever (TBF) of ruminants, and of granulocytic anaplasmosis of horses, dogs and human. Recently, novel potentially non-pathogenic strains related to A. phagocytophilum have been identified in Japan, China, and Tunisia. This paper reports the identification, molecular typing, and evolutionary history of novel Anaplasma strains (A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and 2), related to but distinct from A. phagocytophilum in Mediterranean area of Europe and Africa. PCR-RFLP and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA provided evidence for the circulation of A. phagocytophilum-like 1 strains in Europe. Phylogeny based on groEL gene showed the inclusion of Sardinian and Tunisian A. phagocytophilum-like 1 strains in a unique clade distinct from, but related to that of Japanese strains. Results suggest that genetic diversity within the genus Anaplasma is much greater than expected and provide information useful for the development of specific and effective diagnostic and prophylactic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Zobba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Belkahia
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Marco Pittau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Lilia Messadi
- Service de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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9
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Pisanu S, Cacciotto C, Pagnozzi D, Puggioni GMG, Uzzau S, Ciaramella P, Guccione J, Penati M, Pollera C, Moroni P, Bronzo V, Addis MF. Proteomic changes in the milk of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with subclinical mastitis due to intramammary infection by Staphylococcus aureus and by non-aureus staphylococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15850. [PMID: 31676851 PMCID: PMC6825138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) and by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a major issue in the water buffalo. To understand its impact on milk, 6 quarter samples with >3,000,000 cells/mL (3 SAU-positive and 3 NAS-positive) and 6 culture-negative quarter samples with <50,000 cells/mL were investigated by shotgun proteomics and label-free quantitation. A total of 1530 proteins were identified, of which 152 were significantly changed. SAU was more impacting, with 162 vs 127 differential proteins and higher abundance changes (P < 0.0005). The 119 increased proteins had mostly structural (n = 43, 28.29%) or innate immune defence functions (n = 39, 25.66%) and included vimentin, cathelicidins, histones, S100 and neutrophil granule proteins, haptoglobin, and lysozyme. The 33 decreased proteins were mainly involved in lipid metabolism (n = 13, 59.10%) and included butyrophilin, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, and lipid biosynthetic enzymes. The same biological processes were significantly affected also upon STRING analysis. Cathelicidins were the most increased family, as confirmed by western immunoblotting, with a stronger reactivity in SAU mastitis. S100A8 and haptoglobin were also validated by western immunoblotting. In conclusion, we generated a detailed buffalo milk protein dataset and defined the changes occurring in SAU and NAS mastitis, with potential for improving detection (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD012355).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jacopo Guccione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Penati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Alghero, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Tore G, Dore GM, Cacciotto C, Accardi R, Anfossi AG, Bogliolo L, Pittau M, Pirino S, Cubeddu T, Tommasino M, Alberti A. Transforming properties of ovine papillomaviruses E6 and E7 oncogenes. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:14-22. [PMID: 30827380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggest that cutaneous papillomaviruses (PVs) might be involved in skin carcinogenesis. However, only a few animal PVs have been investigated regard to their transformation properties. Here, we investigate and compare the oncogenic potential of 2 ovine Delta and Dyokappa PVs, isolated from ovine skin lesions, in vitro and ex vivo. We demonstrate that both OaPV4 (Delta) and OaPV3 (Dyokappa) E6 and E7 immortalize primary sheep keratinocytes and efficiently deregulate pRb pathway, although they seem unable to alter p53 activity. Moreover, OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 expressing cells show different shape, doubling time, and clonogenic activities, providing evidence for a stronger transforming potential of OaPV3 respect to OaPV4. Also, similarly to high-risk mucosal and cutaneous PVs, the OaPV3-E7 protein, constantly expressed in sheep squamous cell carcinomas, binds pRb with higher affinity compared to the E7 encoded by OaPV4, a virus associated to fibropapilloma. Finally, we found that OaPV3 and OaPV4-E6E7 determine upregulation of the pro-proliferative proteins cyclin A and cdk1 in both human and ovine primary keratinocytes. Collectively, results provide evidence for implication of ovine PVs in cutaneous proliferative lesions and skin cancer progression, and indicate sheep as a possible animal model for the study of cutaneous lesions and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio G Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Bogliolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Italy.
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11
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Pisanu S, Cubeddu T, Cacciotto C, Pilicchi Y, Pagnozzi D, Uzzau S, Rocca S, Addis MF. Characterization of paucibacillary ileal lesions in sheep with subclinical active infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Res 2018; 49:117. [PMID: 30514405 PMCID: PMC6278003 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease is a contagious enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Ovine PTB is less understood than bovine PTB, especially concerning paucibacillary infection and its evolution into clinical disease. We combined shotgun proteomics, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the characterization of ileal tissues collected from seven asymptomatic sheep negative to serum ELISA, positive to feces and tissue MAP IS900 and F57 PCR, histologically classified as paucibacillary, actively infected, together with 3 MAP-free controls (K). Following shotgun proteomics with label-free quantitation and differential analysis, 96 proteins were significantly changed in PTB vs K, and were mostly involved in immune defense processes and in the macrophage-MAP interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of protein abundances highlighted two PTB sample clusters, PTB1 and PTB2, indicating a dichotomy in their proteomic profiles. This was in line with the PCA of histopathology data and was related to features of type 2 (PTB1) and type 3a (PTB2) lesions, respectively. PTB2 proteomes differed more than PTB1 proteomes from K: 43 proteins changed significantly only in PTB2 and 11 only in PTB1. The differential proteins cathelicidin, haptoglobin, S100A8 and S100A9 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. K tissues were negative to cathelicidin and haptoglobin and sparsely positive to S100A8 and S100A9. PTB tissues were positive to all four proteins, with significantly more cells in PTB2 than in PTB1. In conclusion, we described several pathways altered in paucibacillary PTB, highlighted some proteomic differences among paucibacillary PTB cases, and identified potential markers for disease understanding, staging, and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pisanu
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Ylenia Pilicchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041, Alghero, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Cubeddu T, Cacciotto C, Pisanu S, Tedde V, Alberti A, Pittau M, Dore S, Cannas A, Uzzau S, Rocca S, Addis MF. Cathelicidin production and release by mammary epithelial cells during infectious mastitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 189:66-70. [PMID: 28669389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are well-characterized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are present in significant amounts in mastitic milk. Neutrophils are believed to be the main producers of these AMPs, while the role of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in their production and release is still unclear. In this work, cathelicidin production patterns were investigated in mammary tissues of ewes infected by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, or Mycoplasma agalactiae, with a combined approach including immunohistochemistry, immune-colocalization, and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Our results confirm that MECs produce and release cathelicidins in response to different mastitis pathogens. As opposed to neutrophils, however, MECs do not seem to store the preformed protein precursor in their cytoplasm, but appear to synthesize and release it only upon exposure to the microorganisms. Cathelicidin production by MECs appears to occur before leukocyte influx in the milk, suggesting a role for these cells in the initial response of the mammary epithelium to microbial infection. Once in the milk, infiltrating neutrophils release massive amounts of cathelicidin by degranulation and production of neutrophil extracellular traps, acting as the main contributor for cathelicidin abundance in mastitic milk. Taken together, our results support the active contribution of MECs to cathelicidin production and release, and reinforce the value of cathelicidins as sensitive and pathogen-independent mastitis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cubeddu
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pisanu
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Vittorio Tedde
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Simone Dore
- C.Re.N.M.O.C., Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Mastopatie degli Ovini e dei Caprini - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Agnese Cannas
- C.Re.N.M.O.C., Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Mastopatie degli Ovini e dei Caprini - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia, Km 8.400, Loc. Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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13
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Tore G, Cacciotto C, Anfossi AG, Dore GM, Antuofermo E, Scagliarini A, Burrai GP, Pau S, Zedda MT, Masala G, Pittau M, Alberti A. Host cell tropism, genome characterization, and evolutionary features of OaPV4, a novel Deltapapillomavirus identified in sheep fibropapilloma. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Addis M, Bronzo V, Puggioni G, Cacciotto C, Tedde V, Pagnozzi D, Locatelli C, Casula A, Curone G, Uzzau S, Moroni P. Relationship between milk cathelicidin abundance and microbiologic culture in clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2944-2953. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Cacciotto C, Cubeddu T, Addis MF, Anfossi AG, Tedde V, Tore G, Carta T, Rocca S, Chessa B, Pittau M, Alberti A. Mycoplasma lipoproteins are major determinants of neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1751-1762. [PMID: 27166588 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are paramount to innate responses as major effectors of acute inflammation. Among the various strategies enacted by neutrophils to eliminate microbes NETosis is a novel distinct antimicrobial activity in which an interlacement of chromatin fibres rich in granule-derived antimicrobial peptides and enzymes is extruded (NETs, neutrophils extracellular traps ). NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. The interactions of mycoplasmas and innate immune cells, in particular neutrophil granulocytes, are poorly defined. Here, we describe NET formation in vivo in the mammary gland and milk of sheep naturally infected by Mycoplasma agalactiae. Also, we assess the contribution of liposoluble proteins, the most abundant component of the Mycoplasma membrane, in inducing NETosis. We demonstrate that Mycoplasma liposoluble proteins induce NET release at levels comparable to what observed with other stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Stimulation of neutrophils with synthetic diacylated lipopeptides based on the M. agalactiae P48, P80, and MAG_1000 proteins, combined in a mix or used individually, suggests that NETosis might not be dependent on a specific lipopeptide sequence. Also, NETosis is partially abolished when TLR2 is blocked with specific antibodies. The results presented in this work provide evidences for the mechanisms underlying NET activation in mycoplasma infections, and on their contribution to pathogenesis of mycoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | | | - Antonio G Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | | | - Gessica Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Tania Carta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Stefano Rocca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Bernardo Chessa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, SS, Italy
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16
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Pisanu S, Cubeddu T, Pagnozzi D, Rocca S, Cacciotto C, Alberti A, Marogna G, Uzzau S, Addis MF. Neutrophil extracellular traps in sheep mastitis. Vet Res 2015; 46:59. [PMID: 26088507 PMCID: PMC4471908 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins that are released extracellularly by neutrophils and other immune cells as a means for trapping and killing invading pathogens. Here, we describe NET formation in milk and in mammary alveoli of mastitic sheep, and provide a dataset of proteins found in association to these structures. Nucleic acid staining, immunomicroscopy and fluorescent in-situ hybridization of mastitic mammary tissue from sheep infected with Streptococcus uberis demonstrated the presence of extranuclear DNA colocalizing with antimicrobial proteins, histones, and bacteria. Then, proteomic analysis by LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometry provided detailed information on protein abundance changes occurring in milk upon infection. As a result, 1095 unique proteins were identified, of which 287 being significantly more abundant in mastitic milk. Upon protein ontology classification, the most represented localization classes for upregulated proteins were the cytoplasmic granule, the nucleus, and the mitochondrion, while function classes were mostly related to immune defence and inflammation pathways. All known NET markers were massively increased, including histones, granule proteases, and antimicrobial proteins. Of note was the detection of protein arginine deiminases (PAD3 and PAD4). These enzymes are responsible for citrullination, the post-translational modification that is known to trigger NET formation by inducing chromatin decondensation and extracellular release of NETs. As a further observation, citrullinated residues were detected by tandem mass spectrometry in histones of samples from mastitic animals. In conclusion, this work provides novel microscopic and proteomic information on NETs formed in vivo in the mammary gland, and reports the most complete database of proteins increased in milk upon bacterial mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Rocca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gavino Marogna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale G, Pegreffi, Sassari, Italy.
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17
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Zobba R, Nuvoli AM, Sotgiu F, Lecis R, Spezzigu A, Dore GM, Masia MA, Cacciotto C, Parpaglia MLP, Dessì D, Pittau M, Alberti A. Molecular Epizootiology and Diagnosis of Porcine Babesiosis in Sardinia, Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:716-23. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Zobba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sotgiu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Lecis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Spezzigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Antonio Masia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Dessì
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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18
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Lecis R, Tore G, Scagliarini A, Antuofermo E, Dedola C, Cacciotto C, Dore GM, Coradduzza E, Gallina L, Battilani M, Anfossi AG, Muzzeddu M, Chessa B, Pittau M, Alberti A. Equus asinus papillomavirus (EaPV1) provides new insights into equine papillomavirus diversity. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:213-23. [PMID: 24636161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We detected a novel papillomavirus (EaPV1) from healthy skin and from sun associated cutaneous lesions of an Asinara (Sardinia, Italy) white donkey reared in captivity in a wildlife recovery centre. The entire genome of EaPV1 was cloned, sequenced, and characterised. Genome is 7467 bp long, and shows some characteristic elements of horse papillomaviruses, including a small untranslated region between the early and late regions and the lack of the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor binding domain LXCXE in E7. Additionally, a typical E6 ORF is missing. EaPV1 DNA was detected in low copies in normal skin of white and grey donkeys of the Asinara Island, and does not transform rodent fibroblasts in standard transformation assays. Pairwise nucleotide alignments and phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated E1-E2-L1 amino acid sequences revealed the highest similarity with the Equine papillomavirus type 1. The discovery of EaPV1, the prototype of a novel genus and the first papillomavirus isolated in donkeys, confirms a broad diversity in Equidae papillomaviruses. Taken together, data suggest that EaPV1 is a non-malignant papillomavirus adapted to healthy skin of donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lecis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Scagliarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Antuofermo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - C Dedola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - C Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - G M Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - E Coradduzza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - L Gallina
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Battilani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - A G Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Muzzeddu
- Centro Fauna Bonassai, Olmedo, Sassari, Italy
| | - B Chessa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy
| | - A Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 11 Sassari, Italy.
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Cacciotto C, Addis MF, Coradduzza E, Carcangiu L, Nuvoli AM, Tore G, Dore GM, Pagnozzi D, Uzzau S, Chessa B, Pittau M, Alberti A. Mycoplasma agalactiae MAG_5040 is a Mg2+-dependent, sugar-nonspecific SNase recognised by the host humoral response during natural infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57775. [PMID: 23469065 PMCID: PMC3585158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the enzymatic activity of Mycoplasma agalactiae MAG_5040, a magnesium-dependent nuclease homologue to the staphylococcal SNase was characterized and its antigenicity during natural infections was established. A UGA corrected version of MAG_5040, lacking the region encoding the signal peptide, was expressed in Escherichia coli as a GST fusion protein. Recombinant GST-MAG_5040 exhibits nuclease activity similar to typical sugar-nonspecific endo- and exonucleases, with DNA as the preferred substrate and optimal activity in the presence of 20 mM MgCl2 at temperatures ranging from 37 to 45°C. According to in silico analyses, the position of the gene encoding MAG_5040 is consistently located upstream an ABC transporter, in most sequenced mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma hominis group. In M. agalactiae, MAG_5040 is transcribed in a polycistronic RNA together with the ABC transporter components and with MAG_5030, which is predicted to be a sugar solute binding protein by 3D modeling and homology search. In a natural model of sheep and goats infection, anti-MAG_5040 antibodies were detected up to 9 months post infection. Taking into account its enzymatic activity, MAG_5040 could play a key role in Mycoplasma agalactiae survival into the host, contributing to host pathogenicity. The identification of MAG_5040 opens new perspectives for the development of suitable tools for the control of contagious agalactia in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Coradduzza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gessica Tore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, Tramariglio, Alghero (SS), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bernardo Chessa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Addis MF, Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Pagnozzi D, Marogna G, Tanca A, Biosa G, Cacciotto C, Alberti A, Pittau M, Roggio T, Uzzau S. Proteomics and pathway analyses of the milk fat globule in sheep naturally infected by Mycoplasma agalactiae provide indications of the in vivo response of the mammary epithelium to bacterial infection. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3833-45. [PMID: 21690237 PMCID: PMC3165467 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00040-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs) are vesicles released in milk as fat droplets surrounded by the endoplasmic reticulum and apical cell membranes. During formation and apocrine secretion by lactocytes, various amounts of cytoplasmic crescents remain trapped within the released vesicle, making MFGs a natural sampling mechanism of the lactating cell contents. With the aim of investigating the events occurring in the mammary epithelium during bacterial infection, the MFG proteome was characterized by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), SDS-PAGE followed by shotgun liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS), label-free quantification by the normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) approach, Western blotting, and pathway analysis, using sheep naturally infected by Mycoplasma agalactiae. A number of protein classes were found to increase in MFGs upon infection, including proteins involved in inflammation and host defense, cortical cytoskeleton proteins, heat shock proteins, and proteins related to oxidative stress. Conversely, a strikingly lower abundance was observed for proteins devoted to MFG metabolism and secretion. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing proteomic changes occurring in MFGs during sheep infectious mastitis. The results presented here offer new insights into the in vivo response of mammary epithelial cells to bacterial infection and open the way to the discovery of protein biomarkers for monitoring clinical and subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Tramariglio, 07041 Alghero SS, Italy.
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21
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Cacciotto C, Addis MF, Pagnozzi D, Chessa B, Coradduzza E, Carcangiu L, Uzzau S, Alberti A, Pittau M. The liposoluble proteome of Mycoplasma agalactiae: an insight into the minimal protein complement of a bacterial membrane. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:225. [PMID: 20738845 PMCID: PMC2941501 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasmas are the simplest bacteria capable of autonomous replication. Their evolution proceeded from gram-positive bacteria, with the loss of many biosynthetic pathways and of the cell wall. In this work, the liposoluble protein complement of Mycoplasma agalactiae, a minimal bacterial pathogen causing mastitis, polyarthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, and abortion in small ruminants, was subjected to systematic characterization in order to gain insights into its membrane proteome composition. RESULTS The selective enrichment for M. agalactiae PG2T liposoluble proteins was accomplished by means of Triton X-114 fractionation. Liposoluble proteins were subjected to 2-D PAGE-MS, leading to the identification of 40 unique proteins and to the generation of a reference 2D map of the M. agalactiae liposoluble proteome. Liposoluble proteins from the type strain PG2 and two field isolates were then compared by means of 2D DIGE, revealing reproducible differences in protein expression among isolates. An in-depth analysis was then performed by GeLC-MS/MS in order to achieve a higher coverage of the liposoluble proteome. Using this approach, a total of 194 unique proteins were identified, corresponding to 26% of all M. agalactiae PG2T genes. A gene ontology analysis and classification for localization and function was also carried out on all protein identifications. Interestingly, the 11.5% of expressed membrane proteins derived from putative horizontal gene transfer events. CONCLUSIONS This study led to the in-depth systematic characterization of the M. agalactiae liposoluble protein component, providing useful insights into its membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cacciotto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, Tramariglio, Alghero (SS), Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Chessa
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coradduzza
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, Tramariglio, Alghero (SS), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Alberti
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Pittau
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Lecis R, Chessa B, Cacciotto C, Addis MF, Coradduzza E, Berlinguer F, Muzzeddu M, Lierz M, Carcangiu L, Pittau M, Alberti A. Identification and characterization of novel Mycoplasma spp. belonging to the hominis group from griffon vultures. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:58-64. [PMID: 20096430 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are commensals and pathogens of various avian species, and are also regularly found in birds of prey, although their significance to birds' health remains unclear. Here we describe two novel Mycoplasma isolated from the upper respiratory tract of four Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) housed in a wildlife recovery centre in Sardinia (Italy). By sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and the entire 16S/23S intergenic spacer region, the new strains were classified within the Mycoplasma taxonomy at the group and cluster levels, showing that the two isolates fall into the Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma hominis clusters of the hominis group, respectively. We combined molecular tools and immunoblotting methods in order to further characterize these isolates, and antigenic analyses overall confirmed the molecular findings. Different levels of pathogenicity and prevalence of these strains might have different implications for the conservation and reintroduction of vultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lecis
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Clinica Veterinaria, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Universitá degli Studi di Sassari, Italy
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