1
|
Ge B, Hu L, Yu X, Wang L, Fernandez C, Yang N, Liang Q, Yang QH. Engineering Triple-Phase Interfaces around the Anode toward Practical Alkali Metal-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400937. [PMID: 38634714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alkali metal-air batteries (AMABs) promise ultrahigh gravimetric energy densities, while the inherent poor cycle stability hinders their practical application. To address this challenge, most previous efforts are devoted to advancing the air cathodes with high electrocatalytic activity. Recent studies have underlined the solid-liquid-gas triple-phase interface around the anode can play far more significant roles than previously acknowledged by the scientific community. Besides the bottlenecks of uncontrollable dendrite growth and gas evolution in conventional alkali metal batteries, the corrosive gases, intermediate oxygen species, and redox mediators in AMABs cause more severe anode corrosion and structural collapse, posing greater challenges to the stabilization of the anode triple-phase interface. This work aims to provide a timely perspective on the anode interface engineering for durable AMABs. Taking the Li-air battery as a typical example, this critical review shows the latest developed anode stabilization strategies, including formulating electrolytes to build protective interphases, fabricating advanced anodes to improve their anti-corrosion capability, and designing functional separator to shield the corrosive species. Finally, the remaining scientific and technical issues from the prospects of anode interface engineering are highlighted, particularly materials system engineering, for the practical use of AMABs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingcheng Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Fujian XFH New Energy Materials Co, Ltd, No. 38, Shuidong Industry Park, Yongan, 366000, China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB107QB, UK
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry & IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Lu J, Wu Y, Zheng W, Zhang H, Bai T, Liu H, Li D, Ci L. Building Stable Anodes for High-Rate Na-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311256. [PMID: 38181436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to low cost and high energy density, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted growing interest, with great potential to power future electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile electronics, which require rapid charge/discharge capability. However, the development of high-rate SMBs has been impeded by the sluggish Na+ ion kinetics, particularly at the sodium metal anode (SMA). The high-rate operation severely threatens the SMA stability, due to the unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), the Na dendrite growth, and large volume changes during Na plating-stripping cycles, leading to rapid electrochemical performance degradations. This review surveys key challenges faced by high-rate SMAs, and highlights representative stabilization strategies, including the general modification of SMB components (including the host, Na metal surface, electrolyte, separator, and cathode), and emerging solutions with the development of solid-state SMBs and liquid metal anodes; the working principle, performance, and application of these strategies are elaborated, to reduce the Na nucleation energy barriers and promote Na+ ion transfer kinetics for stable high-rate Na metal anodes. This review will inspire further efforts to stabilize SMAs and other metal (e.g., Li, K, Mg, Zn) anodes, promoting high-rate applications of high-energy metal batteries towards a more sustainable society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yehui Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiansheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Huang R, Yan X, Tian C, Xiao Y, Lin Z, Dai L, Guo Z, Chai L. Carbon Electrode Materials for Advanced Potassium-Ion Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308891. [PMID: 37455282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of electrochemical energy storage devices that rely on potassium-ions as charge carriers due to their abundant resources and excellent ion transport properties. Nevertheless, future practical developments not only count on advanced electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance, but also on competitive costs of electrodes for scalable production. In the past few decades, advanced carbon materials have attracted great interest due to their low cost, high selectivity, and structural suitability and have been widely investigated as functional materials for potassium-ion storage. This article provides an up-to-date overview of this rapidly developing field, focusing on recent advanced and mechanistic understanding of carbon-based electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries. In addition, we also discuss recent achievements of dual-ion batteries and conversion-type K-X (X=O2 , CO2 , S, Se, I2 ) batteries towards potential practical applications as high-voltage and high-power devices, and summarize carbon-based materials as the host for K-metal protection and possible directions for the development of potassium energy-related devices as well. Based on this, we bridge the gaps between various carbon-based functional materials structure and the related potassium-ion storage performance, especially provide guidance on carbon material design principles for next-generation potassium-ion storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chen Tian
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW-2052, Australia
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA-5005, Australia
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Huang C, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhao X, Qian Y, Chang G, Tang Q, Hu A, Chen X. Processable Potassium-Carbon Nanotube Film with a Three-Dimensional Structure for Ultrastable Metallic Potassium Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55577-55586. [PMID: 36475580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
K metal holds great promise as the ultimate anode candidate for K-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and low operating potential. However, due to its high viscosity and poor mechanical processability, it remains challenging to manufacture potassium anodes with precise parameters by a simple and executable method. In this work, a high-performance potassium-carbon nanotubes (K@CNTs) composite film electrode with a three-dimensional (3D) skeleton and superior processability is prepared by simply incorporating CNTs into molten potassium. The in situ potassiation reaction between CNTs and molten K formed potassium carbide (KC8) so as to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, which can reduce the surface tension of molten potassium and promote the preparation of the K@CNTs film electrode. The composite electrode can be molded into a variety of shapes and thicknesses in accurate dimensions. The porous, well-conducting CNTs act as a 3D skeleton uniformly distributed in the K metal, providing adequate surface and space to accommodate and attract K metal, thereby inhibiting the growth of the potassium dendrites and the volume expansion upon cycling. As a result, the K@CNTs composite anode exhibits excellent cyclability and rate capability in both symmetric and full cells. The superior processability and excellent electrochemical performance make this composite an ideal anode candidate for commercial applications in potassium metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Cong Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yang Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ge Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qunli Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
zhou C, Lu K, Zhou S, Liu Y, Fang W, Hou Y, Ye J, Fu L, Chen Y, Liu L, Wu Y. Strategies toward anode stabilization in nonaqueous alkali metal-oxygen batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8014-8024. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal-O2 batteries exhibit ultra-high theoretical energy density which is even on a par with to fossil energy and expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices. However,...
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan L, Hu Y, Rao AM, Zhou J, Hou Z, Wang C, Lu B. Prospects of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Practical Potassium-Based Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2101131. [PMID: 34928013 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention because of their high energy density and low-cost. As such, much effort has focused on developing electrode materials and electrolytes for PIBs at the material levels. This review begins with an overview of the high-performance electrode materials and electrolytes, and then evaluates their prospects and challenges for practical PIBs to penetrate the market. The current status of PIBs for safe operation, energy density, power density, cyclability, and sustainability is discussed and future studies for electrode materials, electrolytes, and electrode-electrolyte interfaces are identified. It is anticipated that this review will motivate research and development to fill existing gaps for practical potassium-based full batteries so that they may be commercialized in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaohui Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Na-K liquid alloy: A review on wettability enhancement and ionic carrier selection mechanism. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Park J, Hwang JY, Kwak WJ. Potassium-Oxygen Batteries: Significance, Challenges, and Prospects. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7849-7856. [PMID: 32845634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate a global crisis of Li depletion, potassium-based rechargeable batteries have received significant attention because of their low cost and high specific energy density. In particular, the rechargeable potassium oxygen (K-O2) battery has been recognized as a promising energy storage technology because of its low overpotential and high round-trip efficiency based on the single-electron redox chemistry of potassium superoxide. Despite these merits, research on the development of K-O2 batteries is still in its early stages owing to a lack of understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry and the difficulties encountered in handling, in terms of practical acceptability. Hence, it is necessary to summarize the representative works and provide overall insights on K-O2 batteries and recommendations for future studies. In this Perspective, we critically review the important scientific aspects of K-O2 batteries, discuss the current challenges encountered, and provide recommendations from the scientific and practical points of view. We hope that this Perspecitve will be helpful in designing innovative and advanced K-O2 batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi H, Dong Y, Zheng S, Dong C, Wu ZS. Three dimensional Ti 3C 2 MXene nanoribbon frameworks with uniform potassiophilic sites for the dendrite-free potassium metal anodes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4212-4219. [PMID: 36132750 PMCID: PMC9417470 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) metal batteries hold great promise as an advanced electrochemical energy storage system because of their high theoretical capacity and cost efficiency. However, the practical application of K metal anodes has been limited by their poor cycling life caused by dendrite growth and large volume changes during the plating/stripping process. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) alkalized Ti3C2 (a-Ti3C2) MXene nanoribbon frameworks were demonstrated as advanced scaffolds for dendrite-free K metal anodes. Benefiting from the 3D interconnected porous structure for sufficient K accommodation, improved surface area for low local current density, preintercalated K in expanded interlayer spacing, and abundant functional groups as potassiophilic nuleation sites for uniform K plating/stripping, the as-formed a-Ti3C2 frameworks successfully suppressed the K dendrites and volume changes at both high capacity and current density. As a result, the a-Ti3C2 based electrodes exhibited an ultrahigh coulombic efficiency of 99.4% at a current density of 3 mA cm-2 with long lifespan up to 300 cycles, and excellent stability for 700 h even at an ultrahigh plating capacity of 10 mA h cm-2. When matched with K2Ti4O9 cathodes, the resulting a-Ti3C2-K//K2Ti4O9 full batteries offered a greatly enhanced rate capacity of 82.9 mA h g-1 at 500 mA g-1 and an excellent cycling stability with high capacity retention (77.7% after 600 cycles) at 200 mA g-1, demonstrative of the great potential of a-Ti3C2 for advanced K-metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yanfeng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University 3-11 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Shuanghao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Cong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lei Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Hu J, Han D, Dong J, Xu W, Li X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhai D, Kang F. A Graphite Intercalation Composite as the Anode for the Potassium-Ion Oxygen Battery in a Concentrated Ether-Based Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37027-37033. [PMID: 32814396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, alkali metal-oxygen batteries such as Li-, Na-, and K-O2 batteries have been investigated extensively because of their ultrahigh energy density. However, the oxygen crossover of oxygen batteries and the intrinsic drawbacks of the metal anodes (i.e., large volume changes and dendrite issues) have still been unsolved key problems. Here, we demonstrate a novel design of the K-ion oxygen battery using a graphite intercalation composite as the anode in a highly concentrated ether-based electrolyte. Instead of the metal K anode, the potassium graphite intercalation compound as the anode is depotassiated/potassiated in a binary form below 0.3 V (vs. K+/K); correspondingly, the discharged product KO2 is formed/decomposed at the carbon nanotube cathode, and an all-carbon full cell exhibits impressive cycling stability with a working voltage of 2.0 V. Furthermore, the utilization of graphite intercalation chemistry has been demonstrated to be applicable in Li-O2 batteries as well. Therefore, this study may provide a new strategy to resolve the key problems of the alkali metal-oxygen batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yenchi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Huwei Wang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junyang Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W Woodruff Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dengyun Zhai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-Based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin L, Schkeryantz L, Zheng J, Xiao N, Wu Y. Superoxide-Based K-O 2 Batteries: Highly Reversible Oxygen Redox Solves Challenges in Air Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11629-11640. [PMID: 32520559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, research in metal-O2 batteries has been one of the most exciting interdisciplinary fields of electrochemistry, energy storage, materials chemistry, and surface science. The mechanisms of oxygen reduction and evolution play a key role in understanding and controlling these batteries. With intensive efforts from many prominent research groups, it becomes clear that the instability of superoxide in the presence of Li ions (Li+) and Na ions (Na+) is the fundamental root cause for the poor stability, reversibility, and energy efficiency in aprotic Li-O2 and Na-O2 batteries. Stabilizing superoxide with large K ions (K+) provides a simple but elegant solution. Superoxide-based K-O2 batteries, invented in 2013, adopt the one-electron redox process of O2/potassium superoxide (KO2). Despite being the youngest metal-O2 technology, K-O2 is the most promising rechargeable metal-air battery with the combined advantages of low costs, high energy efficiencies, abundant elements, and good energy densities. However, the development of the K-O2 battery has been overshadowed by Li-O2 and Na-O2 batteries because one might think K-O2 is just an analogous extension. Moreover, due to the lower specific energy and the high reactivity of K metal, K-O2 is often underestimated and deemed unsuitable for practical applications. The objective of this Perspective is to highlight the unique advantages of K-O2 chemistry and to clarify the misconceptions prompted by the name "superoxide" and the judgment bias based on the claimed theoretical specific energies. We will also discuss the current challenges and our perspectives on how to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Luke Schkeryantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jingfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu P, Mitlin D. Emerging Potassium Metal Anodes: Perspectives on Control of the Electrochemical Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1161-1175. [PMID: 32466644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusPotassium metal serves as the anode in emerging potassium metal batteries (KMBs). It also serves as the counter electrode for potassium ion battery (KIB) half-cells, with its reliable performance being critical for assessing the working electrode material. This first-of-its-kind critical Account focuses on the dual challenge of controlling the potassium metal-substrate and the potassium metal-electrolyte interface so as to prevent dendrites. The discussion begins with a comparison of the physical and chemical properties of K metal anodes versus the much oft studied Li and Na metal anodes. Based on established descriptions for root causes of dendrites, the problem should be less severe for K than for Li or Na, while in fact the opposite is observed. The key reason that the K metal surface rapidly becomes dendritic in common electrolytes is its unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). An unstable SEI layer is defined as being non-self-passivating. No SEI is perfectly stable during cycling, and all SEI structures are heterogeneous both vertically and horizontally relative to the electrolyte interface. The difference between a "stable" and an "unstable" SEI may be viewed as the relative degree to which during cycling it thickens and becomes further heterogeneous. The unstable SEI on K metal leads to a number of interrelated problems, such as low cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE), a severe impedance rise, large overpotentials, and possibly electrical shorting, all of which have been reported to occur as early as in the first 10 plating/stripping cycles. Many of the traditional "interface fixes" employed for Li and Na metal anodes, such as various artificial SEIs, surface membranes, barrier layers, secondary separators, etc., have not been attempted or optimized for the case of K. This is an important area for further exploration, with an understanding that success may come harder with K than with Li due to K-based SEI reactivity with both ether and ester solvents.The second critical problem with K metal anodes is that they do not thermally or electrochemically wet a standard (untreated) Cu foil current collector. Published experimental and modeling research directly highlights the weak bonding between the K atoms and a Cu surface. Existing surface treatment approaches that achieve improved K wetting are discussed, along with the general design rules for future studies. Also discussed are geometry-based methods to tune nucleation as well dual approaches where nucleation and SEI structure are tuned through complementary schemes to achieve extended half-cell and full battery stability. We hypothesize that K metal never achieves a planar wetting morphology even at cycle one, making the dendrites "baked-in". We propose that classical thin film growth models, Frank van der Merwe (F-M), Volmer-Weber (V-W), and Stranski-Krastanov (S-K), can be employed to describe early stage plating behavior. It is demonstrated that islandlike V-W growth is the applicable description for the natural plating behavior of K on pristine Cu. Moving forward, there are three inter-related thrusts to be pursued: First, K salt-based electrolyte formulations have to mature and become further tailored to handle the increased reactivity of a metal rather than an ion anode. Second, the K-based SEI structure needs to be further understood and ultimately tuned to be less reactive. Third, the energetics of the K metal-current collector interface must be controlled to promote planar wetting/dewetting throughout cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
| | - David Mitlin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute (TMI), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1591, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang J, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang X, Chen J. Room-Temperature Fabrication of a Liquid NaK Alloy-Based Membrane Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20423-20428. [PMID: 32275385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature liquid anode is a feasible method for building dendrite-free alkali-metal-based batteries. The Na-K phase diagram shows a eutectic point as low as 260.53 K with a long liquid range below 298 K with the molar fraction of potassium ranging from 30.48 to 84.99%. However, the NaK alloy exhibits a very high surface tension preventing it from wetting the current collector surface. Herein, a novel homogeneous dual solid-liquid composite in which the liquid alloy is fixed by the solid Na15Sn4 phase and perfectly stuffed into the grid of the mesh has been designed and fabricated. Based on the liquid range of the NaK alloy, the Na-K-Sn mixture possesses a theoretical specific capacity of 768 mAh g-1. The symmetric cells of the Na-K-Sn@mesh electrodes cycled at 2.0 mA cm-2 with 1.0 mAh cm-2 showed little fluctuations with the stable overpotential of ∼200 mV for 550 h, and the full cell coupled with Na3V2(PO4)3 showed an initial discharge capacity of 103 mAh g-1 at 2 C with a retention of 90% after 800 cycles. When the high-loading Na3V2(PO4)3 electrode is applied in the full cell, a stable cycling life is still maintained with a good capacity retention of 86% over 190 cycles (2.7 mAh cm-2) and 91% over 60 cycles (5.2 mAh cm-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shizhi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kwak WJ, Rosy, Sharon D, Xia C, Kim H, Johnson LR, Bruce PG, Nazar LF, Sun YK, Frimer AA, Noked M, Freunberger SA, Aurbach D. Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6626-6683. [PMID: 32134255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used in electric vehicles, to store renewable electricity, or in aviation. Present lithium-ion technologies are preparing the public for this inevitable change, but their maximum theoretical specific capacity presents a limitation. Their high cost is another concern for commercial viability. Metal-air batteries have the highest theoretical energy density of all possible secondary battery technologies and could yield step changes in energy storage, if their practical difficulties could be overcome. The scope of this review is to provide an objective, comprehensive, and authoritative assessment of the intensive work invested in nonaqueous rechargeable metal-air batteries over the past few years, which identified the key problems and guides directions to solve them. We focus primarily on the challenges and outlook for Li-O2 cells but include Na-O2, K-O2, and Mg-O2 cells for comparison. Our review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this field that involves a combination of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, computation, microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface science. The mechanisms of O2 reduction and evolution are considered in the light of recent findings, along with developments in positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes, electrocatalysis on surfaces and in solution, and the degradative effect of singlet oxygen, which is typically formed in Li-O2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Daniel Sharon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee R Johnson
- School of Chemistry and GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Departments of Materials and Chemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Linda F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryeh A Frimer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Malachi Noked
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Doron Aurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li M, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Guo W, Bai Y, Zhang F, Zhao B, Shen F, Han X. Novel Polyimide Separator Prepared with Two Porogens for Safe Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3610-3616. [PMID: 31891251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A porous polyimide (PI) membrane is successfully prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation with two porogens: dibutyl phthalate and glycerin. The as-prepared uniform porous PI membrane shows excellent separator properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Compared with the commercial polyethylene (PE) separator, the PI separator exhibits significant thermal stability, better ionic conductivity, and wettability both in carbonate and ether electrolytes for LIBs. The battery coin-cells assembled with the PI separator is more robust and still works even after heating at 140 °C for 1 h, while the cells with the commercial PE separator could not charge any more due to the shrinkage of the PE under the same condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Li
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhoujie Zhang
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yuting Yin
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Weichang Guo
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Yuge Bai
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaogang Han
- State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
On the importance of ion pair formation and the effect of water in potassium–oxygen batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Xiao N, Zheng J, Gourdin G, Schkeryantz L, Wu Y. Anchoring an Artificial Protective Layer To Stabilize Potassium Metal Anode in Rechargeable K-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16571-16577. [PMID: 30990009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable potassium batteries, including the potassium-oxygen (K-O2) battery, are deemed as promising low-cost energy storage solutions. Nevertheless, the chemical stability of the K metal anode remains problematic and hinders their development. In the K-O2 battery, the electrolyte and dissolved oxygen tend to be reduced on the K metal anode, which consumes the active material continuously. Herein, an artificial protective layer is engineered on the K metal anode via a one-step method to mitigate side reactions induced by the solvent and reactive oxygen species. The chemical reaction between K and SbF3 leads to an inorganic composite layer that consists of KF, Sb, and KSb xF y on the surface. This in situ synthesized layer effectively prevents K anode corrosion while maintaining good K+ ionic conductivity in K-O2 batteries. Protection from O2 and moisture also ensures battery safety. Improved anode life span and cycling performance (>30 days) are further demonstrated. This work introduces a novel strategy to stabilize the K anode for rechargeable potassium metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Jingfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Luke Schkeryantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang W, Liu Y, Guo Z. Approaching high-performance potassium-ion batteries via advanced design strategies and engineering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7412. [PMID: 31093528 PMCID: PMC6510555 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their low cost, fast ionic conductivity in electrolyte, and high operating voltage. Research on PIBs is still in its infancy, however, and achieving a general understanding of the drawbacks of each component and proposing research strategies for overcoming these problems are crucial for the exploration of suitable electrode materials/electrolytes and the establishment of electrode/cell assembly technologies for further development of PIBs. In this review, we summarize our current understanding in this field, classify and highlight the design strategies for addressing the key issues in the research on PIBs, and propose possible pathways for the future development of PIBs toward practical applications. The strategies and perspectives summarized in this review aim to provide practical guidance for an increasing number of researchers to explore next-generation and high-performance PIBs, and the methodology may also be applicable to developing other energy storage systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Yajie Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Zaiping Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang M, Xi B, Feng Z, Wu F, Wei D, Liu J, Feng J, Qian Y, Xiong S. New Insights into the Electrochemistry Superiority of Liquid Na-K Alloy in Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804916. [PMID: 30740881 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The significant issues with alkali metal batteries arise from their poor electrochemical properties and safety problems, limiting their applications. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles embedded into N-doped porous carbon truncated ocatahedra (TiO2 ⊂NPCTO) are engineered as a cathode material with different metal anodes, including solid Na or K and liquid Na-K alloy. Electrochemical performance and kinetics are systematically analyzed, with the aim to determine detailed electrochemistry. By using a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, TiO2 ⊂NPCTO/NaK shows faster diffusion of metal ions in insertion and extraction processes than that of Na-ions and K-ions in solid Na and K. The lower reaction resistance of liquid Na-K alloy electrode is also examined. The higher b-value of TiO2 ⊂NPCTO/NaK confirms that the reaction kinetics are promoted by the surface-induced capacitive behavior, favorable for high rate performance. This superiority highly pertains to the distinct liquid-liquid junction between the electrolyte and electrode, and the prohibition of metal dendrite growth, substantiated by symmetric cell testing, which provides a robust and homogeneous interface more stable than the traditional solid-liquid one. Hence, the liquid Na-K alloy-based battery exhibits to better cyclablity with higher capacity, rate capability, and initial coulombic efficiency than solid Na and K batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Baojuan Xi
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Denghu Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Feng
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, P. R. China
| | - Yitai Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Crystal Material, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gourdin G, Xiao N, McCulloch W, Wu Y. Use of Polarization Curves and Impedance Analyses to Optimize the "Triple-Phase Boundary" in K-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2925-2934. [PMID: 30596423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
K-O2 superoxide batteries have shown great potential for energy-storage applications due to the unique single-electron redox processes in the oxygen or gas-diffusion electrode. Optimization of the 'triple-phase boundary', the region of the cathode where the O2, electrolyte, and electrode surface are in immediate contact, is crucial for maximizing their power performance, but one that has not been explored. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient method for maximizing the power capabilities of the K-O2 battery system by optimizing the interface using polarization and impedance analyses. At the one extreme, an electrolyte volume-deficient state decreases access to the electrochemically active surface area resulting in a limitation of the maximum power output of the K-O2 battery, whereas an excess electrolyte volume state increases the diffusion path to the active surface area for the dissolved O2 inducing mass-transfer limitations sooner, which results in a decrease in the current and power output. Finally, we show that the optimal electrolyte volume closely matches the void volume of the internal cell materials (separators, cathode) resulting in a maximization of the electrochemically accessible surface area while minimizing the O2 diffusion path.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - William McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reinsberg PH, Koellisch A, Bawol PP, Baltruschat H. K–O2 electrochemistry: achieving highly reversible peroxide formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4286-4294. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and classical electrochemical methods reveal that electrochemically produced K2O2 can be reversibly reoxidized to O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Koellisch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Pawel Peter Bawol
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53117 Bonn
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang L, Xia X, Zhong Y, Xie D, Liu S, Wang X, Tu J. Exploring Self-Healing Liquid Na-K Alloy for Dendrite-Free Electrochemical Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804011. [PMID: 30294814 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance dendrite-free liquid-metal anodes at room temperature is of great importance for the advancement of alkali metal batteries. Herein an intriguing self-healing liquid dendrite-free Na-K alloy, fabricated by a facile room-temperature alloying process, aiming for application in potassium-ion batteries is reported. Through extensive investigation, its self-healing characteristics are rooted upon a thin solid K2 O layer (KOL) coated on the liquid Na-K alloy. The KOL not only acts as a protective layer to prevent the Na-K alloy from making contact with the electrolyte, but also greatly improves the wetting capability and adhesion between the liquid alloy and the carbon matrix (e.g., carbon fiber cloth (CFC)) to form a stable interface. Consequently, the as-prepared CFC/KOL@Na-K alloy anode exhibits prominent electrochemical performance with smaller hysteresis (less than 0.3 V beyond 140 cycles at 0.4 mA cm-2 ), better capacity retention, and higher Coulombic efficiency than the CFC/bare Na-K alloy counterpart. When coupled with a potassium Prussian blue (PPB) cathode, the full cell manifests higher capability retention and improved cycling stability. This research deepens the understanding of self-healing Na-K alloys and opens a new way to achieve high-performance dendrite-free alkali metal anodes for application in rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Sufu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McCulloch WD, Xiao N, Gourdin G, Wu Y. Alkali-Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:17627-17637. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William David McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xue L, Zhou W, Xin S, Gao H, Li Y, Zhou A, Goodenough JB. Room‐Temperature Liquid Na–K Anode Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14184-14187. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Xue
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sen Xin
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Aijun Zhou
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xue L, Zhou W, Xin S, Gao H, Li Y, Zhou A, Goodenough JB. Room‐Temperature Liquid Na–K Anode Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Xue
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sen Xin
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Hongcai Gao
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yutao Li
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Aijun Zhou
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
| | - John B. Goodenough
- Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiao N, Ren X, McCulloch WD, Gourdin G, Wu Y. Potassium Superoxide: A Unique Alternative for Metal-Air Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2335-2343. [PMID: 30178665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have been envisaged and pursued as the long-term successor to Li-ion batteries, due to the highest theoretical energy density among all known battery chemistries. However, their practical application is hindered by low energy efficiency, sluggish kinetics, and a reliance on catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER). In a superoxide battery, oxygen is also used as the cathodic active medium but is reduced only to superoxide (O2•-), the anion formed by adding an electron to a diatomic oxygen molecule. Therefore, O2/O2•- is a unique single-electron ORR/OER process. Since the introduction of K-O2 batteries by our group in 2013, superoxide batteries based on potassium superoxide (KO2) have attracted increasing interest as promising energy storage devices due to their significantly lower overpotentials and costs. We have selected potassium for building the superoxide battery because it is the lightest alkali metal cation to form the thermodynamically stable superoxide (KO2) product. This allows the battery to operate through the proposed facile one-electron redox process of O2/KO2. This strategy provides an elegant solution to the long-lasting kinetic challenge of ORR/OER in metal-oxygen batteries without using any electrocatalysts. Over the past five years, we have been focused on understanding the electrolyte chemistry, especially at the electrode/electrolyte interphase, and the electrolyte's stability in the presence of potassium metal and superoxide. In this Account, we examine our advances and understanding of the chemistry in superoxide batteries, with an emphasis on our systematic investigation of K-O2 batteries. We first introduce the K metal anode electrochemistry and its corrosion induced by electrolyte decomposition and oxygen crossover. Tuning the electrolyte composition to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is demonstrated to alleviate electrolyte decomposition and O2 cross-talk. We also analyze the nucleation and growth of KO2 in the oxygen electrode, as well its long-term stability. The electrochemical growth of KO2 on the cathode is correlated with the rate performance and capacity. Increasing the surface area and reducing the O2 diffusion pathway are identified as critical strategies to improve the rate performance and capacity. Li-O2 and Na-O2 batteries are further compared with the K-O2 chemistry regarding their pros and cons. Because only KO2 is thermodynamically stable at room temperature, K-O2 batteries offer reversible cathode reactions over the long-term while the counterparts undergo disproportionation. The parasitic reactions due to the reactivity of superoxide are discussed. With the trace side products quantified, the overall superoxide electrochemistry is highly reversible with an extended shelf life. Lastly, potential anode substitutes for K-O2 batteries are reviewed, including the K3Sb alloy and liquid Na-K alloy. We conclude with perspectives on the future development of the K metal anode interface, as well as the electrolyte and cathode materials to enable improved reversibility and maximized power capability. We hope this Account promotes further endeavors into the development of the K-O2 chemistry and related material technologies for superoxide battery research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - William D. McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiao N, Gourdin G, Wu Y. Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O
2
Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiao N, Gourdin G, Wu Y. Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Superoxide in K–O
2
Batteries on the Basis of Electrolyte Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10864-10867. [PMID: 29787628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yu W, Wang H, Qin L, Hu J, Liu L, Li B, Zhai D, Kang F. Controllable Electrochemical Fabrication of KO 2-Decorated Binder-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17156-17166. [PMID: 29719955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electrochemical property of superoxides in alkali metal oxygen batteries is critical for the design of a stable oxygen battery with high capacity and long cycle performance. In this work, a KO2-decorated binder-free cathode is fabricated by a simple and efficient electrochemical strategy. KO2 nanoparticles are uniformly coated on the carbon nanotube film (CNT-f) through a controllable discharge process in the K-O2 battery, and the KO2-decorated CNT-f is innovatively introduced into the Li-O2 battery as the O2 diffusion electrode. The Li-O2 battery based on the KO2-decorated CNT-f cathode can deliver enhanced discharge capacity, reduced charge overpotential, and more stable cycle performance compared with the battery in the absence of KO2. In situ formed KO2 particles on the surface of CNT-f cathode assist to form Li2O2 nanosheets in the Li-O2 battery, which contributes to the improvement of discharge capacity and cycle life. Interestingly, the analysis of KO2-decorated CNT-f cathodes, after discharge and cycle tests, reveals that the electrochemically synthesized KO2 seems not a conventional electrocatalyst but a partially dissolvable and decomposable promoter in Li-O2 batteries.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang W, Lai NC, Liang Z, Wang Y, Lu YC. Superoxide Stabilization and a Universal KO 2 Growth Mechanism in Potassium-Oxygen Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5042-5046. [PMID: 29509317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable potassium-oxygen (K-O2 ) batteries promise to provide higher round-trip efficiency and cycle life than other alkali-oxygen batteries with satisfactory gravimetric energy density (935 Wh kg-1 ). Exploiting a strong electron-donating solvent, for example, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) strongly stabilizes the discharge product (KO2 ), resulting in significant improvement in electrode kinetics and chemical/electrochemical reversibility. The first DMSO-based K-O2 battery demonstrates a much higher energy efficiency and stability than the glyme-based electrolyte. A universal KO2 growth model is developed and it is demonstrated that the ideal solvent for K-O2 batteries should strongly stabilize superoxide (strong donor ability) to obtain high electrode kinetics and reversibility while providing fast oxygen diffusion to achieve high discharge capacity. This work elucidates key electrolyte properties that control the efficiency and reversibility of K-O2 batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nien-Chu Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuojian Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang W, Lai NC, Liang Z, Wang Y, Lu YC. Superoxide Stabilization and a Universal KO2
Growth Mechanism in Potassium-Oxygen Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N. T. 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Nien-Chu Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N. T. 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhuojian Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N. T. 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N. T. 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N. T. 999077 Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin L, Yang W, Lv W, Liu L, Lei Y, Yu W, Kang F, Kim JK, Zhai D, Yang QH. Room-temperature liquid metal-based anodes for high-energy potassium-based electrochemical devices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8032-8035. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A dendrite-free CM@NaK electrode was fabricated via room-temperature adsorption of liquid Na–K onto a super-aligned CNT membrane driven by capillary force.
Collapse
|