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Naz A, Meng Y, Luo J, Khan IA, Abbas R, Yu S, Wei J. Cutting-Edge Perovskite-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors Made Possible by Piezoelectric Innovation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4196. [PMID: 39274586 PMCID: PMC11395823 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
In the area of flexible electronics, pressure sensors are a widely utilized variety of flexible electronics that are both indispensable and prevalent. The importance of pressure sensors in various fields is currently increasing, leading to the exploration of materials with unique structural and piezoelectric properties. Perovskite-based materials are ideal for use as flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) due to their flexibility, chemical composition, strain tolerance, high piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties, and potential integration with other technologies. This article presents a comprehensive study of perovskite-based materials used in FPSs and discusses their components, performance, and applications in detecting human movement, electronic skin, and wireless monitoring. This work also discusses challenges like material instability, durability, and toxicity, the limited widespread application due to environmental factors and toxicity concerns, and complex fabrication and future directions for perovskite-based FPSs, providing valuable insights for researchers in structural health monitoring, physical health monitoring, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeela Naz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rimsha Abbas
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Xiong W, Zhang F, Qu S, Yin L, Li K, Huang Y. Marangoni-driven deterministic formation of softer, hollow microstructures for sensitivity-enhanced tactile system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5596. [PMID: 38961075 PMCID: PMC11222500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microengineering the dielectric layers with three-dimensional microstructures has proven effective in enhancing the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensors. However, the widely employed geometrical designs of solid microstructures exhibit limited sensitivity over a wide range of pressures due to their inherent but undesired structural compressibility. Here, a Marangoni-driven deterministic formation approach is proposed for fabricating hollow microstructures, allowing for greater deformation while retarding structural stiffening during compression. Fluid convective deposition enables solute particles to reassemble in template microstructures, controlling the interior cavity with a void ratio exceeding 90%. The hollow micro-pyramid sensor exhibits a 10-fold sensitivity improvement across wider pressure ranges over the pressure sensor utilizing solid micro-pyramids, and an ultra-low detect limit of 0.21 Pa. With the advantages of facilitation, scalability, and large-area compatibility, such an approach for hollow microstructures can be expanded to other sensor types for superior performance and has considerable potential in robotic tactile and epidermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
| | - Shiyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Liting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Kan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.
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Luo S, Zhang B, Wang X, Cheng G, Wei D, Wei D. Artificial Tactile Receptor System for Sensitive Pressure-Neural Spike Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5862-5867. [PMID: 38804506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
An artificial tactile receptor is crucial for e-skin in next-generation robots, mimicking the mechanical sensing, signal encoding, and preprocessing functionalities of human skin. In the neural network, pressure signals are encoded in spike patterns and efficiently transmitted, exhibiting low power consumption and robust tolerance for bit error rates. Here, we introduce a highly sensitive artificial tactile receptor system integrating a pressure sensor, axon-hillock circuit, and neurotransmitter release device to achieve pressure signal coding with patterned spikes and controlled neurotransmitter release. Owing to the heightened sensitivity of the axon-hillock circuit to pressure-mediated current signals, the artificial tactile receptor achieves a detection limit of 10 Pa that surpasses the human tactile receptors, with a wide response range from 10 to 5 × 105 Pa. Benefiting from the appreciable pressure-responsive performance, the potential application of an artificial tactile receptor in robotic tactile perception has been demonstrated, encompassing tasks such as finger touch and human pulse detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanyin Cheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dapeng Wei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Bi S, Wang H, Zhang S. Light and Displacement Compensation-Based iPPG for Heart-Rate Measurement in Complex Detection Conditions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3346. [PMID: 38894133 PMCID: PMC11174616 DOI: 10.3390/s24113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A light and displacement-compensation-based iPPG algorithm is proposed in this paper for heart-rate measurement in complex detection conditions. Two compensation sub-algorithms, including light compensation and displacement compensation, are designed and integrated into the iPPG algorithm for more accurate heart-rate measurement. In the light-compensation sub-algorithm, the measurement deviation caused by the ambient light change is compensated by the mean filter-based light adjustment strategy. In the displacement-compensation sub-algorithm, the measurement deviation caused by the subject motion is compensated by the optical flow-based displacement calculation strategy. A series of heart-rate measurement experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with conventional iPPG, the average measurement accuracy increases by 3.8% under different detection distances and 5.0% under different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Bi
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226006, China;
- Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Haipeng Wang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226006, China;
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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Wang X, Xiao X, Feng Z, Wu Y, Yang J, Chen J. A Soft Bioelectronic Patch for Simultaneous Respiratory and Cardiovascular Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303479. [PMID: 38010831 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is critical to maintaining physical and mental health. Measuring physiological parameters to quantify sleep quality without uncomfortable user experience remains highly desired but a challenge. Here, this work develops a soft bioelectronic patch to perform simultaneous respiration and cardiovascular monitoring during sleep in a wearable and non-invasive manner. The soft bioelectronic patch system is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a flexible printed circuit for signal processing, and a soft thermoplastic urethane mold for assembling different functional modules. The soft bioelectronic patch holds a sensitivity of >0.12 V kPa-1 and a remarkable low-frequency response from 0.5 to 15 Hz. It is demonstrated to continuously monitor respiration and heartbeat during the whole night, which could be harnessed for sleep monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome diagnosis. The reported soft bioelectronic patch represents a simple and convenient platform technology for sleep study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zhan J, Wu X, Fu X, Li C, Deng KQ, Wei Q, Zhang C, Zhao T, Li C, Huang L, Chen K, Wang Q, Li Z, Lu Z. Non-contact assessment of cardiac physiology using FO-MVSS-based ballistocardiography: a promising approach for heart failure evaluation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3269. [PMID: 38332169 PMCID: PMC10853251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of cardiac motions has been expected to provide essential cardiac physiology information on cardiovascular functioning. A fiber-optic micro-vibration sensing system (FO-MVSS) makes it promising. This study aimed to explore the correlation between Ballistocardiography (BCG) waveforms, measured using an FO-MVSS, and myocardial valve activity during the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle in participants with normal cardiac function and patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). A high-sensitivity FO-MVSS acquired continuous BCG recordings. The simultaneous recordings of BCG and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were obtained from 101 participants to examine their correlation. BCG, ECG, and intracavitary pressure signals were collected from 6 patients undergoing cardiac catheter intervention to investigate BCG waveforms and cardiac cycle phases. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measured cardiac time intervals in 51 participants correlated with BCG intervals. The BCG recordings were further validated in 61 CHF patients to assess cardiac parameters by BCG. For heart failure evaluation machine learning was used to analyze BCG-derived cardiac parameters. Significant correlations were observed between cardiac physiology parameters and BCG's parameters. Furthermore, a linear relationship was found betwen IJ amplitude and cardiac output (r = 0.923, R2 = 0.926, p < 0.001). Machine learning techniques, including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost, respectively, demonstrated remarkable performance. They all achieved average accuracy and AUC values exceeding 95% in a five-fold cross-validation approach. We establish an electromagnetic-interference-free and non-contact method for continuous monitoring of the cardiac cycle and myocardial contractility and measure the different phases of the cardiac cycle. It presents a sensitive method for evaluating changes in both cardiac contraction and relaxation in the context of heart failure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xuelei Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longting Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengying Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Wang T, Qiu Z, Li H, Lu H, Gu Y, Zhu S, Liu GS, Yang BR. High Sensitivity, Wide Linear-Range Strain Sensor Based on MXene/AgNW Composite Film with Hierarchical Microcrack. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304033. [PMID: 37649175 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable strain sensors suffer the trade-off between sensitivity and linear sensing range. Developing sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range remains a formidable challenge. Different from conventional methods that rely on the structure design of sensing nanomaterial or substrate, here a heterogeneous-surface strategy for silver nanowires (AgNWs) and MXene is proposed to construct a hierarchical microcrack (HMC) strain sensor. The heterogeneous surface with distinct differences in cracks and adhesion strengths divides the sensor into two regions. One region contributes to high sensitivity through penetrating microcracks of the AgNW/MXene composite film during stretching. The other region maintains conductive percolation pathways to provide a wide linear sensing range through network microcracks. As a result, the HMC sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor ≈ 244), broad linear range (ɛ = 60%, R2 ≈ 99.25%), and fast response time (<30 ms). These merits are confirmed in the detection of large and subtle human motions and digital joint movement for Morse coding. The manipulation of cracks on the heterogeneous surface provides a new paradigm for designing high-performance stretchable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiguang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Science & Engineering, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Simu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Science & Engineering, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zhang W, Wu G, Zeng H, Li Z, Wu W, Jiang H, Zhang W, Wu R, Huang Y, Lei Z. The Preparation, Structural Design, and Application of Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Materials for Wearable Sensors and Human Energy Harvesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2766. [PMID: 37447413 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, film-forming ability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electroactive properties, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PVDF-based polymers are widely used in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc. In this review, the recent research progress on the PVDF phase structures and identification of different phases is outlined. Several approaches for obtaining the electroactive phase of PVDF and preparing PVDF-based nanocomposites are described. Furthermore, the potential applications of these materials in wearable sensors and human energy harvesters are discussed. Finally, some challenges and perspectives for improving the properties and boosting the applications of these materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hailan Zeng
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Haiyun Jiang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ruomei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
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9
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Guo WT, Tang XG, Tang Z, Sun QJ. Recent Advances in Polymer Composites for Flexible Pressure Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092176. [PMID: 37177322 PMCID: PMC10180924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure sensors show significant potential applications in health monitoring, bio-sensing, electronic skin, and tactile perception. Consequently, tremendous research interest has been devoted to the development of high-performance pressure sensors. In this paper, recent progress on the polymer composite-based flexible pressure sensor is reviewed. The parameters of pressure sensors, including sensitivity, linear response range, detection limit, response speed, and reliability, are first introduced. Secondly, representative types of pressure sensors and relevant working principles are introduced and discussed. After that, the applications in human physiology monitoring, health monitoring, artificial skin, and self-powered smart system are listed and discussed in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlook of polymer composite-based flexible sensors are summarized at the end of this review paper. This work should have some impact on the development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Li L, Peng F, Zheng G, Dai K, Liu C, Shen C. Electrospun Core-Sheath PVDF Piezoelectric Fiber for Sensing Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15938-15945. [PMID: 36918291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, piezoelectric polymer sensors are used in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing due to their flexibility, low density, and high piezoelectric constant, and their performances may be improved through a careful architectural design. Herein, we reported a facile strategy for fabricating core-sheath piezoelectric fiber (C-PEF) by directly electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) onto the stainless steel wires. Such C-PEF can well respond to bending deformation with different degrees, and therefore it can be assembled into a piezoelectric bending sensor for airflow speed sensing. Furthermore, spring-like structured C-PEF (S-C-PEF) can serve as a piezoelectric spring sensor and in a sophisticated manner monitor human sleep behavior. This work paves a way for developing multigeometric piezoelectric sensors though a low-cost, facile, and reliable method, showing potential applications including bending sensing and health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
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11
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Du Y, Du W, Lin D, Ai M, Li S, Zhang L. Recent Progress on Hydrogel-Based Piezoelectric Devices for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 36677228 PMCID: PMC9862259 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have great potential in the application of wearable and implantable devices. Through suitable chemical alteration, hydrogels, which are three-dimensional polymeric networks, demonstrate amazing stretchability and flexibility. Hydrogel-based electronics have been widely used in wearable sensing devices because of their biomimetic structure, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsive electrical properties. Recently, hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices have attracted intensive attention because of the combination of their unique piezoelectric performance and conductive hydrogel configuration. This mini review is to give a summary of this exciting topic with a new insight into the design and strategy of hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices. We first briefly review the representative synthesis methods and strategies of hydrogels. Subsequently, this review provides several promising biomedical applications, such as bio-signal sensing, energy harvesting, wound healing, and ultrasonic stimulation. In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future strategies and address the remaining challenges on hydrogel-based piezoelectric electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Du
- Department of Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90018, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dabin Lin
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Minghao Ai
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Songhang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Xie L, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Gao Z, Mi G, Wang R, Sun HB, Zhao Y, Du Y. Intelligent wearable devices based on nanomaterials and nanostructures for healthcare. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:405-433. [PMID: 36519286 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging classes of flexible electronic sensors as alternatives to conventional rigid sensors offer a powerful set of capabilities for detecting and quantifying physiological and physical signals from human skin in personal healthcare. Unfortunately, the practical applications and commercialization of flexible sensors are generally limited by certain unsatisfactory aspects of their performance, such as biocompatibility, low sensing range, power supply, or single sensory function. This review intends to provide up-to-date literature on wearable devices for smart healthcare. A systematic review is provided, from sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, algorithms, to multifunctional integrated devices with stretchability, self-powered performance, and biocompatibility. Typical electromechanical sensors are investigated with a specific focus on the strategies for constructing high-performance sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures. Then, the review emphasizes the importance of tailoring the fabrication techniques in order to improve stretchability, biocompatibility, and self-powered performance. The construction of wearable devices with high integration, high performance, and multi-functionalization for multiparameter healthcare is discussed in depth. Integrating wearable devices with appropriate machine learning algorithms is summarized. After interpretation of the algorithms, intelligent predictions are produced to give instructions or predictions for smart implementations. It is desired that this review will offer guidance for future excellence in flexible wearable sensing technologies and provide insight into commercial wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Qiushuo Wu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zhuxuan Gao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Gaotian Mi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Renqiao Wang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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13
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Kim T, Kalhori AH, Kim TH, Bao C, Kim WS. 3D designed battery-free wireless origami pressure sensor. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:120. [PMID: 36465158 PMCID: PMC9708697 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A pressure monitoring structure is a very useful element for a wearable device for health monitoring and sports biomechanics. While pressure sensors have been studied extensively, battery-free functions working in wireless detection have not been studied much. Here, we report a 3D-structured origami-based architecture sensor for wireless pressure monitoring. We developed an architectured platform for wireless pressure sensing through inductor-capacitor (LC) sensors and a monopole antenna. A personalized smart insole with Miura-ori origami designs has been 3D printed together with conductive 3D printed sensors seamlessly. Wireless monitoring of resonant frequency and intensity changes of LC sensors have been demonstrated to monitor foot pressure for different postures. The sensitivity of the wireless pressure sensor is tunable from 15.7 to 2.1 MHz/kPa in the pressure ranges from 0 to 9 kPa and from 10 to 40 kPa, respectively. The proposed wireless pressure-sensing platform can be utilized for various applications such as orthotics, prosthetics, and sports gear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeil Kim
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, V3T 0A3 BC Canada
| | - Amirhossein Hassanpoor Kalhori
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, V3T 0A3 BC Canada
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, V3T 0A3 BC Canada
| | - Chao Bao
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, V3T 0A3 BC Canada
| | - Woo Soo Kim
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, V3T 0A3 BC Canada
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14
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Shin YK, Shin Y, Lee JW, Seo MH. Micro-/Nano-Structured Biodegradable Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:952. [PMID: 36354461 PMCID: PMC9687959 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in biodegradable pressure sensors in the biomedical field is growing because of their temporary existence in wearable and implantable applications without any biocompatibility issues. In contrast to the limited sensing performance and biocompatibility of initially developed biodegradable pressure sensors, device performances and functionalities have drastically improved owing to the recent developments in micro-/nano-technologies including device structures and materials. Thus, there is greater possibility of their use in diagnosis and healthcare applications. This review article summarizes the recent advances in micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices. In particular, we focus on the considerable improvement in performance and functionality at the device-level that has been achieved by adapting the geometrical design parameters in the micro- and nano-meter range. First, the material choices and sensing mechanisms available for fabricating micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices are discussed. Then, this is followed by a historical development in the biodegradable pressure sensors. In particular, we highlight not only the fabrication methods and performances of the sensor device, but also their biocompatibility. Finally, we intoduce the recent examples of the micro/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Kyum Shin
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
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15
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Jayarathna T, Gargiulo GD, Lui GY, Breen PP. Electrodeless Heart and Respiratory Rate Estimation during Sleep Using a Single Fabric Band and Event-Based Edge Processing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6689. [PMID: 36081149 PMCID: PMC9460329 DOI: 10.3390/s22176689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are two vital parameters of the body medically used for diagnosing short/long-term illness. Out-of-the-body, non-skin-contact HR/RR measurement remains a challenge due to imprecise readings. "Invisible" wearables integrated into day-to-day garments have the potential to produce precise readings with a comfortable user experience. Sleep studies and patient monitoring benefit from "Invisibles" due to longer wearability without significant discomfort. This paper suggests a novel method to reduce the footprint of sleep monitoring devices. We use a single silver-coated nylon fabric band integrated into a substrate of a standard cotton/nylon garment as a resistive elastomer sensor to measure air and blood volume change across the chest. We introduce a novel event-based architecture to process data at the edge device and describe two algorithms to calculate real-time HR/RR on ARM Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4F microcontrollers. RR estimations show a sensitivity of 99.03% and a precision of 99.03% for identifying individual respiratory peaks. The two algorithms used for HR calculation show a mean absolute error of 0.81 ± 0.97 and 0.86±0.61 beats/min compared with a gold standard ECG-based HR. The event-based algorithm converts the respiratory/pulse waveform into instantaneous events, therefore reducing the data size by 40-140 times and requiring 33% less power to process and transfer data. Furthermore, we show that events hold enough information to reconstruct the original waveform, retaining pulse and respiratory activity. We suggest fabric sensors and event-based algorithms would drastically reduce the device footprint and increase the performance for HR/RR estimations during sleep studies, providing a better user experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Jayarathna
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gaetano D. Gargiulo
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2052, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gough Y. Lui
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Paul P. Breen
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2052, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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16
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Owida HA, Al-Ayyad M, Al-Nabulsi JI. Emerging Development of Auto-Charging Sensors for Respiration Monitoring. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:7098989. [PMID: 36071953 PMCID: PMC9444417 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7098989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of biomedical monitoring systems, including respiration monitoring systems, has been accelerated. Wearable and implantable medical devices are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and management of disease and illness. Respiration can be monitored using a variety of biosensors and systems. Auto-charged sensors have a number of advantages, including low cost, ease of preparation, design flexibility, and a wide range of applications. It is possible to use the auto-charged sensors to directly convert mechanical energy from the airflow into electricity. The ability to monitor and diagnose one's own health is a major goal of auto-charged sensors and systems. Respiratory disease model output signals have not been thoroughly investigated and clearly understood. As a result, figuring out their exact interrelationship is a difficult and important research question. This review summarized recent developments in auto-charged respiratory sensors and systems in terms of their device principle, output property, detecting index, and so on. Researchers with an interest in auto-charged sensors can use the information presented here to better understand the difficulties and opportunities that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abu Owida
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Al-Ayyad
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Jamal I. Al-Nabulsi
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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17
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Shi Z, Meng L, Shi X, Li H, Zhang J, Sun Q, Liu X, Chen J, Liu S. Morphological Engineering of Sensing Materials for Flexible Pressure Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:141. [PMID: 35789444 PMCID: PMC9256895 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Various morphological structures in pressure sensors with the resulting advanced sensing properties are reviewed comprehensively. Relevant manufacturing techniques and intelligent applications of pressure sensors are summarized in a complete and interesting way. Future challenges and perspectives of flexible pressure sensors are critically discussed. As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring, human –machine interaction, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and other fields. In recent years, highly flexible and wearable pressure sensors have been developed using various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms. Morphological engineering of sensing materials at the nanometer and micrometer scales is crucial to obtaining superior sensor performance. This review focuses on the rapid development of morphological engineering technologies for flexible pressure sensors. We discuss different architectures and morphological designs of sensing materials to achieve high performance, including high sensitivity, broad working range, stable sensing, low hysteresis, high transparency, and directional or selective sensing. Additionally, the general fabrication techniques are summarized, including self-assembly, patterning, and auxiliary synthesis methods. Furthermore, we present the emerging applications of high-performing microengineered pressure sensors in healthcare, smart homes, digital sports, security monitoring, and machine learning-enabled computational sensing platform. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of pressure sensors are discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 352001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Juzhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zou Y, Gai Y, Tan P, Jiang D, Qu X, Xue J, Ouyang H, Shi B, Li L, Luo D, Deng Y, Li Z, Wang ZL. Stretchable graded multichannel self-powered respiratory sensor inspired by shark gill. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:619-628. [PMID: 38933997 PMCID: PMC11197527 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory sensing provides a simple, non-invasive, and efficient way for medical diagnosis and health monitoring, but it relies on sensors that are conformal, accurate, durable, and sustainable working. Here, a stretchable, multichannel respiratory sensor inspired by the structure of shark gill cleft is reported. The bionic shark gill structure can convert transverse elastic deformation into longitudinal elastic deformation during stretching. Combining the optimized bionic shark gill structure with the piezoelectric and the triboelectric effect, the bionic shark gill respiratory sensor (BSG-RS) can produce a graded electrical response to different tensile strains. Based on this feature, BSG-RS can simultaneously monitor the breathing rate and breathing depth of the human body accurately, and realize the effective recognition of the different human body's breathing state under the supporting software. With good stretchability, wearability, accuracy, and long-term stability (50,000 cycles), BSG-RS is expected to be applied as self-powered smart wearables for mobile medical diagnostic analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Yansong Gai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Puchuan Tan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuecheng Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangtao Xue
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Linlin Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Yao L, Zhang H, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Zheng X. Recent Progress in Sensing Technology Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Dynamic Behaviors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22134837. [PMID: 35808334 PMCID: PMC9269214 DOI: 10.3390/s22134837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Under the trend of the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), sensing for dynamic behaviors is widely needed in many fields such as traffic management, industrial production, medical treatment, building health monitoring, etc. Due to the feature of power supply independence and excellent working performance under a low-frequency environment, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as sensors are attracting more and more attention. In this paper, a comprehensive review focusing on the recent advance of TENGs as sensors for dynamic behaviors is conducted. The structure and material are two major factors affecting the performance of sensors. Different structure designs are proposed to make the sensor suitable for different sensing occasions and improve the working performance of the sensors. As for materials, new materials with stronger abilities to gain or lose electrons are fabricated to obtain higher surface charge density. Improving the surface roughness of material by surface engineering techniques is another strategy to improve the output performance of TENG. Based on the advancement of TENG structures and materials, plenty of applications of TENG-based sensors have been developed such as city traffic management, human-computer interaction, health monitoring of infrastructure, etc. It is believed that TENG-based sensors will be gradually commercialized and become the mainstream sensors for dynamic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yao
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - He Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310061, China
| | - Jiqing Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China;
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xianglong Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310061, China
- The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310061, China
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20
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From Triboelectric Nanogenerator to Polymer-Based Biosensor: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050323. [PMID: 35624624 PMCID: PMC9138307 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, self-powered wearable biosensors that are based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are playing an important role in the continuous efforts towards the miniaturization, energy saving, and intelligence of healthcare devices and Internets of Things (IoTs). In this review, we cover the remarkable developments in TENG−based biosensors developed from various polymer materials and their functionalities, with a focus on wearable and implantable self-powered sensors for health monitoring and therapeutic devices. The functions of TENGs as power sources for third-party biosensors are also discussed, and their applications in a number of related fields are concisely illustrated. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion of the challenges and problems of leveraging TENG−based intelligent biosensors.
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21
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Zhu Y, Xia P, Liu J, Fang Z, Du L, Zhao Z. Polyimide-Based High-Performance Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Humidity Sensor and Its Application in Real-Time Human Respiration Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:758. [PMID: 35630225 PMCID: PMC9143046 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiration monitoring is vital for human health assessment. Humidity sensing is a promising way to establish a relationship between human respiration and electrical signal. This paper presents a polyimide-based film bulk acoustic resonator (PI-FBAR) humidity sensor operating in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient S11 dual-parameter with high sensitivity and stability, and it is applied in real-time human respiration monitoring for the first time. Both these two parameters can be used to sense different breathing conditions, such as normal breathing and deep breathing, and breathing with different rates such as normal breathing, slow breathing, apnea, and fast breathing. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed humidity sensor has potential applications in predicting the fitness of individual and in the medical field for detecting body fluids loss and daily water intake warning. The respiratory rates measured by our proposed PI-FBAR humidity sensor operating in frequency mode and S11 mode have Pearson correlation of up to 0.975 and 0.982 with that measured by the clinical monitor, respectively. Bland-Altman method analysis results further revealed that both S11 and frequency response are in good agreement with clinical monitor. The proposed sensor combines the advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity and high stability, and it has great potential in human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jihang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lidong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.F.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Zhao Z, Li Q, Dong Y, Gong J, Li Z, Zhang J. Washable Patches with Gold Nanowires/Textiles in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18884-18900. [PMID: 35427121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based flexible electronic devices have attracted tremendous attention in wearable sensors due to their excellent skin affinity and conformability. However, the washing process of such devices may damage the electronic components. Here, a textile-based piezoresistive sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity was fabricated through the layered integration of gold nanowire (AuNW)-impregnated cotton fabric and silver ink screen-printed nylon fabric electrodes, sealing with Parafilm. The prepared piezoresistive sensing patch exhibits outstanding performance, including high sensitivity (914.970 kPa-1, <100 Pa), a fast response time (load: 38 ms, recovery: 34 ms), and a low detection limit (0.49 Pa). More importantly, it can maintain a stable signal output even after 30 000 s of loading-unloading cycles. Furthermore, this sensing patch can efficiently detect breathing, pulse, heart rate, and joint movements during the activities. After five cycles of mechanical washing, the piezoresistive performance keeps 90.3%, demonstrating the high feasibility of this sensor in practical applications. This sensor has a simple fabrication, with good fatigue resistance and durability due to its all-fabric core element. It provides a strategy to address the machine-washing issues in textile electronics. This washable textile sensor is expected to show significant potential in future applications of health monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and artificial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiujin Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jixian Gong
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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23
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Yang P, Shi Y, Li S, Tao X, Liu Z, Wang X, Wang ZL, Chen X. Monitoring the Degree of Comfort of Shoes In-Motion Using Triboelectric Pressure Sensors with an Ultrawide Detection Range. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4654-4665. [PMID: 35171554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shoes play an important role in sports and human daily life. Here, an in-shoe sensor pad (ISSP) attached to the vamp lining is based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for monitoring the real-time stress distribution on the top side of a foot. Each sensor unit on this ISSP is an air-capsule TENG (AC-TENG) consisting of activated carbon/polyurethane (AC/PU) and microsphere array electrodes. The detection range of each AC-TENG reaches 7.27 MPa, which is enough for monitoring the pressure change during different sports. This multifunctional ISSP can realize many typical functions of conventional smart shoes, including step counting and human-machine interaction. Moreover, it can also reveal special information, including the fitness of shoes, the stress concentration on toes, and the in-motion comfort degree. The signal processing and data transmission modules in the system have a hybrid power supply with wireless power transfer, while the real-time information about feet can be observed on a cell phone. Hence, this ISSP provides a potential approach to study the feet motion and comfort degree of shoes in long-term operations, which can guide both athlete training and the customized design of shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xinglin Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xingling Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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24
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Fu S, He W, Tang Q, Wang Z, Liu W, Li Q, Shan C, Long L, Hu C, Liu H. An Ultrarobust and High-Performance Rotational Hydrodynamic Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled by Automatic Mode Switching and Charge Excitation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105882. [PMID: 34617342 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging technology for ambient mechanical energy harvesting, which provides a possibility to realize wild environment monitoring by self-powered sensing systems. However, TENGs are limited in some practical applications as a result of their low output performance (low charge density) and mechanical durability (material abrasion). Herein, an ultrarobust and high-performance rotational TENG enabled by automatic mode switching (contact mode at low speed and noncontact at high speed) and charge excitation is proposed. It displays excellent stability, maintaining 94% electrical output after 72 000 cycles, much higher than that of the normal contact-mode TENG (30%). Due to its high electrical stability and large electrical output, this TENG powers 944 green light-emitting diodes to brightness in series. Furthermore, by harvesting water-flow energy, various commercial capacitors can be charged quickly, and a self-powered fire alarm and self-powered temperature and humidity detection are realized. This work provides an ideal scheme for enhancing the mechanical durability, broadening the range of working frequency, and improving the electrical output of TENGs. In addition, the high-performance hydrodynamic TENG demonstrated in this work will have great applications for Internet of Things in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoke Fu
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wencong He
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qianying Li
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chuncai Shan
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chenguo Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Chen X, Li J, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhao C, Zhao C, Lim EG, Sun X, Wen Z. An Integrated Self-Powered Real-Time Pedometer System with Ultrafast Response and High Accuracy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61789-61798. [PMID: 34904819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As accurate step counting is a critical indicator for exercise evaluation in daily life, pedometers give a quantitative prediction of steps and analyze the amount of exercise to regulate the exercise plan. However, the merchandized pedometers still suffer from limited battery life and low accuracy. In this work, an integrated self-powered real-time pedometer system has been demonstrated. The highly integrated system contains a porous triboelectric nanogenerator (P-TENG), a data acquisition and processing (DAQP) module, and a mobile phone APP. The P-TENG works as a pressure sensor that generates electrical signals synchronized with users' footsteps, and combining it with the analogue front-end (AFE) circuit yields an ultrafast response time of 8 ms. Moreover, the combination of a mini press-to-spin-type electromagnetic generator (EMG) and a supercapacitor enables a self-powered and self-sustained operation of the entire pedometer system. This work implements the regulation of TENG signals by electronic circuit design and proposes a highly integrated system. The improved reliability and practicality provide more possibilities for wearable self-powered electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yina Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cezhou Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Eng Gee Lim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhen Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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26
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Dai J, Li L, Shi B, Li Z. Recent progress of self-powered respiration monitoring systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113609. [PMID: 34509719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable medical devices are playing more and more key roles in disease diagnosis and health management. Various biosensors and systems have been used for respiration monitoring. Among them, self-powered sensors have some special characteristics such as low-cost, easy preparation, highly designable, and diversified. The respiratory airflow can drive the self-powered sensors directly to convert mechanical energy of the airflow into electricity. One of the major goals of the self-powered sensors and systems is realizing health monitoring and diagnosis. The relationship between the output signals and the models of respiratory diseases has not been studied deeply and clearly. Therefore, how to find an accurate relationship between them is a challenging and significant research topic. This review summarized the recent progress of the self-powered respiratory sensors and systems from aspects of device principle, output property, detecting index and so on. The challenges and perspectives have also been discussed for reference to the researchers who are interested in the field of self-powered sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China; Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China; Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China
| | - Bojing Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China; Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101400, Beijing, China.
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27
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Tang R, Lu F, Liu L, Yan Y, Du Q, Zhang B, Zhou T, Fu H. Flexible pressure sensors with microstructures. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Tang
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Fangyuan Lu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Yu Yan
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Qifeng Du
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Bocheng Zhang
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
| | - Haoran Fu
- Frontier Research Center Institute of flexible electronics technology of THU Zhejiang Jiaxing 314006 China
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28
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Su Y, Chen G, Chen C, Gong Q, Xie G, Yao M, Tai H, Jiang Y, Chen J. Self-Powered Respiration Monitoring Enabled By a Triboelectric Nanogenerator. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101262. [PMID: 34240473 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths, which has traditionally been an underutilized resource potentially encompassing a wealth of physiologically relevant information as well as clues to potential diseases. Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely adopted for self-powered respiration monitoring owing to their compelling features, such as decent biocompatibility, wearing comfort, low-cost, and high sensitivity to respiration activities in the aspect of low frequency and slight amplitude body motions. Physiological respiration behaviors and exhaled chemical regents can be precisely and continuously monitored by TENG-based respiration sensors for personalized health care. This article presents an overview of TENG enabled self-powered respiration monitoring, with a focus on the working principle, sensing materials, functional structures, and related applications in both physical respiration motion detection and chemical breath analysis. Concepts and approaches for acquisition of physical information associated with respiratory rate and depth are covered in the first part. Then the sensing mechanism, theoretical modeling, and applications related to detection of chemicals released from breathing gases are systemically summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of triboelectric effect enabled self-powered respiration monitoring are comprehensively discussed and criticized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Guorui Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chunxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qichen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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29
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Chen S, Qi J, Fan S, Qiao Z, Yeo JC, Lim CT. Flexible Wearable Sensors for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100116. [PMID: 33960133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for the highest mortality globally, but recent advances in wearable technologies may potentially change how these illnesses are diagnosed and managed. In particular, continuous monitoring of cardiovascular vital signs for early intervention is highly desired. To this end, flexible wearable sensors that can be comfortably worn over long durations are gaining significant attention. In this review, advanced flexible wearable sensors for monitoring cardiovascular vital signals are outlined and discussed. Specifically, the functional materials, configurations, mechanisms, and recent advances of these flexible sensors for heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and blood glucose monitoring are highlighted. Different mechanisms in bioelectric, mechano-electric, optoelectric, and ultrasonic wearable sensors are presented to monitor cardiovascular vital signs from different body locations. Present challenges, possible strategies, and future directions of these wearable sensors are also discussed. With rapid development, these flexible wearable sensors will potentially be applicable for both medical diagnosis and daily healthcare use in tackling cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Jiaming Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
| | - Joo Chuan Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech) National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore 117411 Singapore
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30
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Li Z, Cui Y, Zhong J. Recent advances in nanogenerators-based flexible electronics for electromechanical biomonitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113290. [PMID: 33965792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electromechanical biomonitoring is essential in human health evaluation, diseases prevention and life quality improvement. Nanogenerators (NGs) have demonstrated exceptional performances and versatility in self-powered flexible electronics including piezoelectric and electrostatic sensors. Combined with artificial intelligent (AI), five generation (5G) and internet-of-thing (IoT) technologies, the NGs-based flexible electronics are paving a new way for creating intelligent electromechanical biomonitoring systems which are also capable of analyzing, transmitting, and deciding. In this review, we cover the recent remarkable developments in monitoring electromechanical physiological signals using NGs-based flexible electronics. We begin by covering the fundamentals of NGs from the perspective of mechanisms, materials, device structures, and manufacturing methods. We then give an overview of NGs-based flexible electronics in various wearable and implantable sensing applications. Finally, the present limitations and future developing trends of this field are discussed and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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Liu B, Han L, Pan L, Li H, Zhao J, Dong Y, Wang X. Flexible Multiscale Pore Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor for Heart Sound Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4508. [PMID: 34209424 PMCID: PMC8271762 DOI: 10.3390/s21134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This research introduces an idea of producing both nanoscale and microscale pores in piezoelectric material, and combining the properties of the molecular β-phase dipoles in ferroelectric material and the space charge dipoles in order to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and modulate the response frequency bandwidth of the material. Based on this idea, a bi-nano-micro porous dual ferro-electret hybrid self-powered flexible heart sound detection sensor is proposed. Acid etching and electrospinning were the fabrication processes used to produce a piezoelectric film with nanoscale and microscale pores, and corona poling was used for air ionization to produce an electret effect. In this paper, the manufacturing process of the sensor is introduced, and the effect of the porous structure and corona poling on improving the performance of the sensor is discussed. The proposed flexible sensor has an equivalent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 3312 pC/N, which is much larger than the piezoelectric coefficient of the common piezoelectric materials. Experiments were carried out to verify the function of the flexible sensor together with the SS17L heart sound sensor (BIOPAC, Goleta, CA, USA) as a reference. The test results demonstrated its practical application for wearable heart sound detection and the potential for heart disease detection. The proposed flexible sensor in this paper could realize batch production, and has the advantages of flexibility, low production cost and a short processing time compared with the existing heart sound detection sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Liuyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lyuming Pan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongzheng Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ying Dong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (B.L.); (L.H.); (L.P.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Abstract
Mechanoreceptors in human skin are important and efficient cutaneous sensors that are highly sensitive, selective, and adaptive to the environment. Among these, Merkel disk (MD) and cilia are capable of sensing an external mechanical force through a receptor with a sharp pillar-like structure at its end. Then, the signal of the action potential is generated by pumping Na+ ions through ion channels. In this study, a self-powered, stretchable, and wearable gel mechanoreceptor sensor is developed inspired by the structural features of the MD and cilia with sharp tips and the signaling characteristics of mechanoreceptor ion migration. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) gel is used to implement a self-powered system, and polyvinylchloride-based elastic gel is utilized to detect sensing signals based on charge transfer and distribution. The surface of all gels is that of a conical structure to achieve high sensor sensitivity and conformal contact with a target surface. In addition, using the developed sensors, various biological signals related to pressure/strain occurring in the human body (e.g., blood pressure (BP), muscle movement, and motion) are acquired. Furthermore, the behavior of arterial BP was investigated during the contraction and relaxation of the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Yong Chun
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Han
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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33
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Haroun A, Le X, Gao S, Dong B, He T, Zhang Z, Wen F, Xu S, Lee C. Progress in micro/nano sensors and nanoenergy for future AIoT-based smart home applications. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abf3d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Self-sustainable sensing systems composed of micro/nano sensors and nano-energy harvesters contribute significantly to developing the internet of things (IoT) systems. As one of the most promising IoT applications, smart home relies on implementing wireless sensor networks with miniaturized and multi-functional sensors, and distributed, reliable, and sustainable power sources, namely energy harvesters with a variety of conversion mechanisms. To extend the capabilities of IoT in the smart home, a technology fusion of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI), called the artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), enables the detection, analysis, and decision-making functions with the aids of machine learning assisted algorithms to form a smart home based intelligent system. In this review, we introduce the conventional rigid microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based micro/nano sensors and energy harvesters, followed by presenting the advances in the wearable counterparts for better human interactions. We then discuss the viable integration approaches for micro/nano sensors and energy harvesters to form self-sustainable IoT systems. Whereafter, we emphasize the recent development of AIoT based systems and the corresponding applications enabled by the machine learning algorithms. Smart home based healthcare technology enabled by the integrated multi-functional sensing platform and bioelectronic medicine is also presented as an important future direction, as well as wearable photonics sensing system as a complement to the wearable electronics sensing system.
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He F, You X, Wang W, Bai T, Xue G, Ye M. Recent Progress in Flexible Microstructural Pressure Sensors toward Human-Machine Interaction and Healthcare Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001041. [PMID: 34927827 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, wearable electronic devices have caught intensive research interest recently. Flexible sensors, as the significant part of them, have become the focus of research. Particularly, flexible microstructural pressure sensors (FMPSs) have attracted extensive attention because of their controllable shape, small size, and high sensitivity. Microstructures are of great significance to improve the sensitivity and response time of FMPSs. The FMPSs present great application prospects in medical health, human-machine interaction, electronic products, and so on. In this review, a series of microstructures (e.g., wave, pillar, and pyramid shapes) which have been elaborately designed to effectively enhance the sensing performance of FMPSs are introduced in detail. Various fabrication strategies of these FMPSs are comprehensively summarized, including template (e.g., silica, anodic aluminum oxide, and bionic patterns), pre-stressing, and magnetic field regulation methods. In addition, the materials (e.g., carbon, polymer, and piezoelectric materials) used to prepare FMPSs are also discussed. Moreover, the potential applications of FMPSs in human-machine interaction and healthcare fields are emphasized as well. Finally, the advantages and latest development of FMPSs are further highlighted, and the challenges and potential prospects of high-performance FMPSs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang He
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xingyan You
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gaofei Xue
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Meidan Ye
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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35
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Keum K, Heo JS, Eom J, Lee KW, Park SK, Kim YH. Highly Sensitive Textile-Based Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using PVDF-HFP/Ionic Liquid Composite Films. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020442. [PMID: 33435515 PMCID: PMC7827140 DOI: 10.3390/s21020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Textile-based pressure sensors have garnered considerable interest in electronic textiles due to their diverse applications, including human–machine interface and healthcare monitoring systems. We studied a textile-based capacitive pressure sensor array using a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)/ionic liquid (IL) composite film. By constructing a capacitor structure with Ag-plated conductive fiber electrodes that are embedded in fabrics, a capacitive pressure sensor showing high sensitivity, good operation stability, and a wide sensing range could be created. By optimizing the PVDF-HFP:IL ratio (6.5:3.5), the fabricated textile pressure sensors showed sensitivity of 9.51 kPa−1 and 0.69 kPa−1 in the pressure ranges of 0–20 kPa and 20–100 kPa, respectively. The pressure-dependent capacitance variation in our device was explained based on the change in the contact-area formed between the multi-filament fiber electrodes and the PVDF-HFP/IL film. To demonstrate the applicability and scalability of the sensor device, a 3 × 3 pressure sensor array was fabricated. Due to its matrix-type array structure and capacitive sensing mechanism, multi-point detection was possible, and the different positions and the weights of the objects could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyobin Keum
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.K.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Jae Sang Heo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.K.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Jimi Eom
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Research Institute of Convergence Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Keon Woo Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.K.); (J.S.H.)
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.P.); (Y.-H.K.)
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36
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Wang YL, Liu B, Pang YN, Liu J, Shi JL, Wan SP, He XD, Yuan J, Wu Q. Low-Cost Wearable Sensor Based on a D-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber for Respiration Monitoring. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 2021; 70:1-8. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3075033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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37
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Ruth SRA, Bao Z. Designing Tunable Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Material Properties and Microstructure Geometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58301-58316. [PMID: 33345539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed pressure sensors for target applications have been in increasing demand. Capacitive pressure sensors with microstructured dielectrics demonstrate a high capability of meeting this demand due to their wide versatility and high tunability by manipulating dielectric layer material and microstructure geometry. However, to streamline the design and fabrication of desirable sensors, a better understanding of how material microstructure and properties of the dielectric layer affect performance is vital. The ability to predict trends in sensor design and performance simplifies the process of designing and fabricating sensors for various applications. A series of equations are presented that can be used to predict trends in initial capacitance, capacitance change, and sensitivity based on dielectric constant and compressive modulus of the dielectric material and base length, interstructural separation, and height of the dielectric layer microstructures. The efficacy of this model has been experimentally and computationally confirmed. The model was then used to illuminate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the relationships between these key material properties and microstructure geometries. Finally, this model demonstrates high tunability and simple implementation for predictive sensor performance for a wide range of designs to help meet the growing demand for highly specialized sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rachel Arussy Ruth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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38
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Zhao P, Zhang R, Tong Y, Zhao X, Zhang T, Tang Q, Liu Y. Strain-Discriminable Pressure/Proximity Sensing of Transparent Stretchable Electronic Skin Based on PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55083-55093. [PMID: 33232130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure/proximity sensing as the essential function of electronic skin (e-skin) has become an emerging technological goal for new-generation electronic devices in a wide variety of application fields, for example, smart electronics, human-machine interaction, and prosthetics. However, the current research lacks pressure/proximity detection of the stretched e-skin, which ignores the key elastic characteristic of skin and hinders the development of e-skin. Here, the pressure/proximity detection of the transparent e-skin in the stretching state is demonstrated based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The high transparency of the e-skin realizes the visual imperception for wearable electronic systems. The perfect combination of stretchable SWCNT and highly conductive PEDOT:PSS endows the sensors with high stretchability and high discrimination capability toward strain, providing an effective way to overcome the interference of strain to realize accurate pressure/proximity detection of stretched e-skin at different strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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39
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Shi W, Han G, Chang Y, Song H, Hou W, Chen Q. Using Stretchable PPy@PVA Composites as a High-Sensitivity Strain Sensor To Monitor Minute Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45373-45382. [PMID: 32926611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible and wearable electronic devices, research on high-sensitivity strain sensors has been attracting much attention. Here, glutaraldehyde is used as a cross-linking reagent to precross-link poly(vinyl alcohol); then FeCl3·6H2O is added into the precross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) to obtain composite films of FeCl3@PVA after gelatinization and freeze drying. Elastic conductive films of polypyrrole@poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPy@PVA) are prepared by immersing FeCl3@PVA into a solution of pyrrole in acetonitrile and water to complete the polymerization in situ. The effects of the concentrations of glutaraldehyde and FeCl3·6H2O on the film's structure and properties have been studied in detail; the results show that the strain sensor prepared from the optimized film has excellent stretchability (strain up to 309.5%), mechanical property (tensile strength of 32.8 MPa), and relatively high sensitivity (gauge factor can reach 5.07 under 1.0% strain). It can be used to detect various tiny physiological signals, for example, detecting the number of pulse beats, bending of the knuckles at different frequencies, and recognizing the pronunciation of different words by vocal cord vibration. These good properties mean that this kind of PPy@PVA strain sensor has great application prospects in physiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, BIT, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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40
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Sensing Systems for Respiration Monitoring: A Technical Systematic Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185446. [PMID: 32972028 PMCID: PMC7570710 DOI: 10.3390/s20185446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory monitoring is essential in sleep studies, sport training, patient monitoring, or health at work, among other applications. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review of respiration sensing systems. After several systematic searches in scientific repositories, the 198 most relevant papers in this field were analyzed in detail. Different items were examined: sensing technique and sensor, respiration parameter, sensor location and size, general system setup, communication protocol, processing station, energy autonomy and power consumption, sensor validation, processing algorithm, performance evaluation, and analysis software. As a result, several trends and the remaining research challenges of respiration sensors were identified. Long-term evaluations and usability tests should be performed. Researchers designed custom experiments to validate the sensing systems, making it difficult to compare results. Therefore, another challenge is to have a common validation framework to fairly compare sensor performance. The implementation of energy-saving strategies, the incorporation of energy harvesting techniques, the calculation of volume parameters of breathing, or the effective integration of respiration sensors into clothing are other remaining research efforts. Addressing these and other challenges outlined in the paper is a required step to obtain a feasible, robust, affordable, and unobtrusive respiration sensing system.
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41
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Li J, Long Y, Yang F, Wang X. Respiration-driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications. ECOMAT 2020; 2:e12045. [PMID: 34172981 PMCID: PMC7436384 DOI: 10.1002/eom2.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a fundamental and ubiquitous body motion, respiration offers a large amount of biomechanical energy with an average power up to the Watt level through movements of multiple muscles. The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human-powered electronics. This review article is thus dedicated to the emerging respiration-driven TENG technology, covering fundamentals, applications, and perspectives. Specifically, the human breathing mechanics are first introduced serving as the base for the developments of TENG devices with different configurations. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design-application relationships. At last, current developments are summarized and critical challenges for driving these intriguing developments toward practical applications are discussed together with promising solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yin Long
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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42
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Transduction Mechanisms, Micro-Structuring Techniques, and Applications of Electronic Skin Pressure Sensors: A Review of Recent Advances. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164407. [PMID: 32784603 PMCID: PMC7472322 DOI: 10.3390/s20164407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), which is an electronic surrogate of human skin, aims to recreate the multifunctionality of skin by using sensing units to detect multiple stimuli, while keeping key features of skin such as low thickness, stretchability, flexibility, and conformability. One of the most important stimuli to be detected is pressure due to its relevance in a plethora of applications, from health monitoring to functional prosthesis, robotics, and human-machine-interfaces (HMI). The performance of these e-skin pressure sensors is tailored, typically through micro-structuring techniques (such as photolithography, unconventional molds, incorporation of naturally micro-structured materials, laser engraving, amongst others) to achieve high sensitivities (commonly above 1 kPa−1), which is mostly relevant for health monitoring applications, or to extend the linearity of the behavior over a larger pressure range (from few Pa to 100 kPa), an important feature for functional prosthesis. Hence, this review intends to give a generalized view over the most relevant highlights in the development and micro-structuring of e-skin pressure sensors, while contributing to update the field with the most recent research. A special emphasis is devoted to the most employed pressure transduction mechanisms, namely capacitance, piezoelectricity, piezoresistivity, and triboelectricity, as well as to materials and novel techniques more recently explored to innovate the field and bring it a step closer to general adoption by society.
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43
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Sel K, Ibrahim B, Jafari R. ImpediBands: Body Coupled Bio-Impedance Patches for Physiological Sensing Proof of Concept. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2020; 14:757-774. [PMID: 32746337 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.2995810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and robust monitoring of physiological signals is essential in improving the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The state-of-the-art systems for monitoring vital signs such as heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and other hemodynamic and respiratory parameters use often bulky and obtrusive systems or depend on wearables with limited sensing methods based on repetitive properties of the signals rather than the morphology. Moreover, multiple devices and modalities are typically needed for capturing various vital signs simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce ImpediBands: small-sized distributed smart bio-impedance (Bio-Z) patches, where the communication between the patches is established through the human body, eliminating the need for electrical wires that would create a common potential point between sensors. We use ImpediBands to collect instantaneous measurements from multiple locations over the chest at the same time. We propose a blind source separation (BSS) technique based on the second-order blind identification (SOBI) followed by signal reconstruction to extract heart and lung activities from the Bio-Z signals. Using the separated source signals, we demonstrate the performance of our system via providing strong confidence in the estimation of heart and respiration rates with low RMSE (HRRMSE = 0.579 beats per minute, RRRMSE = 0.285 breaths per minute), and high correlation coefficients (rHR = 0.948, rRR = 0.921).
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44
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Dinh T, Nguyen T, Phan HP, Nguyen NT, Dao DV, Bell J. Stretchable respiration sensors: Advanced designs and multifunctional platforms for wearable physiological monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112460. [PMID: 32862846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiration signals are a vital sign of life. Monitoring human breath provides critical information for health assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Stretchable and wearable respiration sensors have recently attracted considerable interest toward monitoring physiological signals in the era of real time and portable healthcare systems. This review provides a snapshot on the recent development of stretchable sensors and wearable technologies for respiration monitoring. The article offers the fundamental guideline on the sensing mechanisms and design concepts of stretchable sensors for detecting vital breath signals such as temperature, humidity, airflow, stress and strain. A highlight on the recent progress in the integration of variable sensing components outlines feasible pathways towards multifunctional and multimodal sensor platforms. Structural designs of nanomaterials and platforms for stretchable respiration sensors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - John Bell
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, 4350, Australia
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45
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Zhou Z, Padgett S, Cai Z, Conta G, Wu Y, He Q, Zhang S, Sun C, Liu J, Fan E, Meng K, Lin Z, Uy C, Yang J, Chen J. Single-layered ultra-soft washable smart textiles for all-around ballistocardiograph, respiration, and posture monitoring during sleep. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 155:112064. [PMID: 32217330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Good sleep is considered to be the cornerstone for maintaining both physical and mental health. However, nearly one billion people worldwide suffer from various sleep disorders. To date, polysomnography (PSG) is the most commonly used sleep-monitoring technology,however, it is complex, intrusive, expensive and uncomfortable. Unfortunately, present noninvasive monitoring technologies cannot simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, multi-parameter monitoring and comfort. Here, we present a single-layered, ultra-soft, smart textile for all-around physiological parameters monitoring and healthcare during sleep. With a high-pressure sensitivity of 10.79 mV/Pa, a wide working frequency bandwidth from 0 Hz to 40 Hz, good stability, and decent washability, the single-layered ultra-soft smart textile is simultaneously capable of real-time detection and tracking of dynamic changes in sleep posture, and subtle respiration and ballistocardiograph (BCG) monitoring. Using the set of patient generated health data, an obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) monitoring and intervention system was also developed to improve the sleep quality and prevent sudden death during sleep. This work is expected to pave a new and practical pathway for physiological monitoring during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhou
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Sean Padgett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhixiang Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Giorgio Conta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yufen Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chenchen Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Endong Fan
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Keyu Meng
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Cameron Uy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Li Z, Zheng Q, Wang ZL, Li Z. Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:8710686. [PMID: 32259107 PMCID: PMC7085499 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8710686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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47
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Meng K, Wu Y, He Q, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhang G, Fan W, Liu J, Yang J. Ultrasensitive Fingertip-Contacted Pressure Sensors To Enable Continuous Measurement of Epidermal Pulse Waves on Ubiquitous Object Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46399-46407. [PMID: 31814402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fingertip-pulse waveform carries abundant information regarding human physiological condition that is fundamental for directly extracting physiological parameters. Making the surfaces of ordinary objects that are often in contact with fingertips, such as tables and computers, capable of perceiving dynamic epidermal pulse signals has great significance for accurately assessing health conditions without restrictions on time and place. Here, we demonstrate the materials and design of a nanohemispherical pressure sensor that can be attached to ubiquitous objects' surfaces to monitor fingertip pulse. The portable sensor achieved an ultrasensitivity of 49.8 mV/Pa, a prominent response time of less than 6 ms, and long-term durability of more than 4 months. As demonstrated, the sensor is utilized to measure subtle fingertip-pulse waves and extract characteristic points of the waveform on the surface of keyboards, mobile phones, and human skin. Given the superior performance of the sensor, a real-time, wireless arteriosclerosis monitoring system is developed. By analyzing the characteristic parameters of the pulse waveforms measured from 54 volunteer participants, the antidiastole of arteriosclerosis could be instructively diagnosed. The sensor proposed in this work is expected to be a competitive alternative to current complicated medical equipment and to be extensively applied in wireless cardiovascular monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
- College of Electronic Information Engineering , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yufen Wu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering , Chongqing Normal University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , P. R. China
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48
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Liu YQ, Zhang JR, Han DD, Zhang YL, Sun HB. Versatile Electronic Skins with Biomimetic Micronanostructures Fabricated Using Natural Reed Leaves as Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38084-38091. [PMID: 31547649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Versatile electronic skin devices that enable detection of multimodal signals have revealed great potential for human health monitoring. To make a versatile electronic skin, hierarchical micronanostructures are essential to obtain improved sensing performance and multisignal detection capability. However, current strategies for developing a nanostructured electronic skin usually involve complex procedures, harsh experimental conditions, and the use of expensive equipment, which limit its practical applications. In this paper, we reported the fabrication of a multifunctional wearable electronic skin with hierarchical micronanostructures by using natural reed leaves as templates. The capacitive-type electronic skin is fabricated by double-sided coating of Au electrodes on an artificial polydimethylsiloxane reed leaf that is duplicated from natural reed leaves via soft lithography. The electronic skin features a very simple device structure yet high sensing performance. It permits multimodal signal detection, including that of pressure, deformation, and proximity, and can serve as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for the detection of metabolites in sweat because of the formation of plasmonic structures. The versatile electronic skin can be attached to the human skin, and it enables effective monitoring of multiphysiological signals, revealing great potential for cutting-edge applications, such as human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Jia-Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology & Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument , Tsinghua University , Haidian District, Beijing 100084 , China
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Dual-quenching electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system from Ru–In2S3 to α-MoO3-Au based on protect of protein bioactivity for procalcitonin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Soft chromophore featured liquid porphyrins and their utilization toward liquid electret applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4210. [PMID: 31570713 PMCID: PMC6768991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronically active viscous liquids are ideal for fabricating foldable/stretchable electronics owing to their excellent deformability and predictable π-unit–based optoelectronic functions, which are independent of the device shape and geometry. Here we show, unprecedented ‘liquid electret’ devices that exhibit mechanoelectrical and electroacoustic functions, as well as stretchability, have been prepared using solvent-free liquid porphyrins. The fluidic nature of the free-base alkylated-tetraphenylporphyrins was controlled by attaching flexible and bulky branched alkyl chains at different positions. Furthermore, a subtle porphyrin ring distortion that originated from the bulkiness of alkyl chains was observed. Its consequences on the electronic perturbation of the porphyrin-unit were precisely elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modelling. This molecular design allows shielding of the porphyrin unit by insulating alkyl chains, which facilitates its corona-charged state for a long period under ambient conditions. Though electret materials are attractive for realizing flexible mechanoelectrical devices, these materials are typically solid films. Here, the authors report stretchable ‘liquid-electret’ devices consisting solvent-free liquid porphyrins that show piezoelectric and electroacoustic functionality.
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