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Kozłowska K, Cieślik M, Koterwa A, Formela K, Ryl J, Niedziałkowski P. Microwave-Induced Processing of Free-Standing 3D Printouts: An Effortless Route to High-Redox Kinetics in Electroanalysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2833. [PMID: 38930201 PMCID: PMC11204644 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
3D-printable composites have become an attractive option used for the design and manufacture of electrochemical sensors. However, to ensure proper charge-transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface, activation is often required, with this step consisting of polymer removal to reveal the conductive nanofiller. In this work, we present a novel effective method for the activation of composites consisting of poly(lactic acid) filled with carbon black (CB-PLA) using microwave radiation. A microwave synthesizer used in chemical laboratories (CEM, Matthews, NC, USA) was used for this purpose, establishing that the appropriate activation time for CB-PLA electrodes is 15 min at 70 °C with a microwave power of 100 W. However, the usefulness of an 80 W kitchen microwave oven is also presented for the first time and discussed as a more sustainable approach to CB-PLA electrode activation. It has been established that 10 min in a kitchen microwave oven is adequate to activate the electrode. The electrochemical properties of the microwave-activated electrodes were determined by electrochemical techniques, and their topography was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and contact-angle measurements. This study confirms that during microwave activation, PLAs decompose to uncover the conductive carbon-black filler. We deliver a proof-of-concept of the utility of kitchen microwave-oven activation of a 3D-printed, free-standing electrochemical cell (FSEC) in paracetamol electroanalysis in aqueous electrolyte solution. We established satisfactory limits of linearity for paracetamol detection using voltammetry, ranging from 1.9 μM to 1 mM, with a detection limit (LOD) of 1.31 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kozłowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Mateusz Cieślik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Koterwa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
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Khoo V, Ng SF, Haw CY, Ong WJ. Additive Manufacturing: A Paradigm Shift in Revolutionizing Catalysis with 3D Printed Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts Toward Environmental Sustainability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401278. [PMID: 38634520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based materials utilized in photocatalysts and electrocatalysts present a sophisticated solution for efficient solar energy utilization and bias control, a field extensively explored for its potential in sustainable energy and environmental management. Recently, 3D printing has emerged as a transformative technology, offering rapid, cost-efficient, and highly customizable approaches to designing photocatalysts and electrocatalysts with precise structural control and tailored substrates. The adaptability and precision of printing facilitate seamless integration, loading, and blending of diverse photo(electro)catalytic materials during the printing process, significantly reducing material loss compared to traditional methods. Despite the evident advantages of 3D printing, a comprehensive compendium delineating its application in the realm of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is conspicuously absent. This paper initiates by delving into the fundamental principles and mechanisms underpinning photocatalysts electrocatalysts and 3D printing. Subsequently, an exhaustive overview of the latest 3D printing techniques, underscoring their pivotal role in shaping the landscape of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Furthermore, the paper examines various methodologies for seamlessly incorporating catalysts into 3D printed substrates, elucidating the consequential effects of catalyst deposition on catalytic properties. Finally, the paper thoroughly discusses the challenges that necessitate focused attention and resolution for future advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerine Khoo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Yian Haw
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, 363200, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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3
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Heeschen E, DeLucia E, Arin Manav Y, Roberts D, Davaji B, Barecka MH. Low cost 3D printable flow reactors for electrochemistry. HARDWAREX 2024; 17:e00505. [PMID: 38226322 PMCID: PMC10788492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Transition to carbon neutrality requires the development of more sustainable pathways to synthesize the next generation of chemical building blocks. Electrochemistry is a promising pathway to achieve this goal, as it allows for the use of renewable energy to drive chemical transformations. While the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen evolution are attracting significant research interest, fundamental challenges exist in moving the research focus toward performing these reactions on scales relevant to industrial applications. To bridge this gap, we aim to facilitate researchers' access to flow reactors, which allow the characterization of electrochemical transformations under conditions closer to those deployed in the industry. Here, we provide a 3D-printable flow cell design (manufacturing cost < $5), which consists of several plates, offering a customizable alternative to commercially available flow reactors (cost > $6,000). The proposed design and detailed build instructions allow the performance of a wide variety of chemical reactions in flow, including gas and liquid phase electroreduction, electro(less)plating, and photoelectrochemical reactions, providing researchers with more flexibility and control over their experiments. By offering an accessible, low-cost reactor alternative, we reduce the barriers to performing research on sustainable electrochemistry, supporting the global efforts necessary to realize the paradigm shift in chemical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Heeschen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Elena DeLucia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yilmaz Arin Manav
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daisy Roberts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Benyamin Davaji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Magda H. Barecka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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4
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de Faria LV, Macedo AA, Arantes LC, Matias TA, Ramos DLO, Richter EM, Dos Santos WTP, Muñoz RAA. Novel disposable and portable 3D-printed electrochemical apparatus for fast and selective screening of 25E-NBOH in forensic samples. Talanta 2024; 269:125476. [PMID: 38042144 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has caused enormous difficulty for legal control since they are rapidly commercialized, and their chemical structures are routinely altered. In this aspect, derivatives phenethylamines, such as 25E-NBOH, have received great attention in the forensic scenario. Hence, we propose portable and cost-effective (U$ 5.00) 3D-printed devices for the electrochemical screening of 25E-NBOH for the first time. The cell and all electrodes were printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament (insulating material) and conductive filament (graphite embedded in a polylactic acid matrix), respectively, both by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The electrochemical apparatus enables micro-volume analysis (50-2000 μL), especially important for low sample volumes. A mechanistic route for the electrochemical oxidation of 25E-NBOH is proposed based on cyclic voltammetric data, which showed two oxidation processes around +0.75 V and +1.00 V and a redox pair between +0.2 and -0.2 V (vs. graphite ink pseudo-reference). A fast and sensitive square-wave voltammetry method was developed, which exhibited a linear working range from 0.85 to 5.1 μmoL-1, detection limit of 0.2 μmol L-1, and good intra-electrode precision (n = 10, RSD <5.3 %). Inter-electrode measurements (n = 3, RSD <9.8 %) also attested that the electrode production process is reproducible. Interference tests in the presence of other drugs frequently found in blotting paper indicated high selectivity of the electrochemical method for screening of 25E-NBOH. Screening analysis of blotting paper confirmed the presence of 25E-NBOH in the seized samples. Moreover, a recovery percentage close to 100 % was found for a spiked saliva sample, suggesting the method's usefulness for quantitative purposes aimed at information on recent drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas V de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Anne A Macedo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano C Arantes
- Forensic Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, Institute of Forensic Science, Civil Police of the Brazilian Federal District, Brasília, DF, 70610-907, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Matias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil; Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - David L O Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wallans T P Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalytics (INCT-Bio), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Putri KNA, Intasanta V, Hoven VP. Current significance and future perspective of 3D-printed bio-based polymers for applications in energy conversion and storage system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25873. [PMID: 38390075 PMCID: PMC10881347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global population has led to a surge in energy demand and the production of environmentally harmful products, highlighting the urgent need for renewable and clean energy sources. In this context, sustainable and eco-friendly energy production strategies have been explored to mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption to the environment. Additionally, efficient energy storage devices with a long lifespan are also crucial. Tailoring the components of energy conversion and storage devices can improve overall performance. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides the flexibility to create and optimize geometrical structure in order to obtain preferable features to elevate energy conversion yield and storage capacitance. It also serves the potential for rapid and cost-efficient manufacturing. Besides that, bio-based polymers with potential mechanical and rheological properties have been exploited as material feedstocks for 3D printing. The use of these polymers promoted carbon neutrality and environmentally benign processes. In this perspective, this review provides an overview of various 3D printing techniques and processing parameters for bio-based polymers applicable for energy-relevant applications. It also explores the advances and current significance on the integration of 3D-printed bio-based polymers in several energy conversion and storage components from the recently published studies. Finally, the future perspective is elaborated for the development of bio-based polymers via 3D printing techniques as powerful tools for clean energy supplies towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) with respect to environmental protection and green energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoiria Nur Atika Putri
- Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Varol Intasanta
- Nanohybrids and Coating Research Group, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Voravee P Hoven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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6
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Barreto D, Gelamo R, Mizaikoff B, Petruci JFS. Fabrication of Low-Cost Miniaturized Gas Cells via SLA 3D-Printing for UV-Based Gas Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8374-8380. [PMID: 38405469 PMCID: PMC10883014 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of 3D-printing technology for producing optical devices (i.e., mirrors and waveguides) remains challenging, especially in the UV spectral regime. Gas sensors based on absorbance measurements in the UV region are suitable for determining numerous volatile species in a variety of samples and analytical scenarios. The performance of absorbance-based gas sensors is dependent on the ability of the gas cell to propagate radiation across the absorption path length and facilitate interaction between photons and analytes. In this technical note, we present a 3D-printed substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG) to be used as a miniaturized and ultralightweight gas cell used in UV gas-sensing schemes. The substrates were fabricated via UV stereolithography and polished, and the light-guiding channel was coated with aluminum for UV reflectivity. This procedure resulted in a surface roughness of 11.2 nm for the reflective coating, yielding a radiation attenuation of 2.25 W/cm2. The 3D-printed iHWG was coupled to a UV light source and a portable USB-connected spectrometer. The sensing device was applied for the quantification of isoprene and acetone, serving as a proof-of-concept study. Detection limits of 0.22 and 0.03% in air were obtained for acetone and isoprene, respectively, with a nearly instantaneous sensor response. The development of portable, low-cost, and ultralightweight UV optical sensors enables their use in a wide range of scenarios ranging from environmental monitoring to clinical/medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra
Nunes Barreto
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia
(UFU), Uberlândia 38400-902, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Gelamo
- Institute
of Technological and Exact Sciences, Federal
University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-440, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, 89077 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Print-Pause-Print Fabrication of Tailored Electrochemical Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18679-18684. [PMID: 38095628 PMCID: PMC10753525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a powerful technology for the fabrication of low-cost microfluidics. Nevertheless, the fabrication of microfluidic devices integrating high-performance electrochemical sensors in practical applications is still an open challenge. Although automatic fabrication of the microfluidic device and the electrodes can be successfully carried out using a one-step multimaterial fused filament fabrication (FFF) approach, the as-printed electrochemical performance of these electrodes is not good enough for chemical (bio)sensing and their surface modification is challenging because after closing the channel there is no physical access to the electrode. Thus, here a pause-print-pause (PPP) microfabrication approach was implemented. The fabrication was paused before printing the microfluidics, and the filament-based electrodes were directly modified on the printing bed via stencil printing, drop casting, and electrodeposition. To exemplify this versatile workflow, the design of a microfluidic glucose sensor was proposed. To this end, first, the working and counter electrodes were stencil printed with graphite ink while the reference electrode was stencil printed with Ag|AgCl ink. Then, Prussian blue was formed on the working electrode either by drop casting or by electrodeposition, and glucose oxidase was drop cast on top. At this point, the microfabrication process was resumed, and the microfluidics were printed on top of the modified electrodes to complete the construction of hybrid electrochemical fluidic fused filament fabricated devices (h-eF4Ds). This print-pause-print approach is not limited to ink-based electrodes or glucose oxidase, and we envisage these results will pave the way for the effective integration of electrodes in microfluidic devices in a simple and clean-room-free approach, allowing the development of highly customized eF4Ds for a plethora of analytes with high significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Chemical
Research Institute “Andres M. Del Rio”, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Kwaczyński K, Szymaniec O, Bobrowska DM, Poltorak L. Solvent-activated 3D-printed electrodes and their electroanalytical potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22797. [PMID: 38129451 PMCID: PMC10739953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is a comprehensive study describing the optimization of the solvent-activated carbon-based 3D printed electrodes. Three different conductive filaments were used for the preparation of 3D-printed electrodes. Electrodes treatment with organic solvents, electrochemical characterization, and finally electroanalytical application was performed in a dedicated polyamide-based cell also created using 3D printing. We have investigated the effect of the used solvent (acetone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran), time of activation (from immersion up to 3600 s), and the type of commercially available filament (three different options were studied, each being a formulation of a polylactic acid and conductive carbon material). We have obtained and analysed a significant amount of collected data which cover the solvent-activated carbon-based electrodes surface wettability, microscopic insights into the surface topography analysed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and finally voltammetric evaluation of the obtained carbon electrodes electrochemical response. All data are tabulated, discussed, and compared to finally provide the superior activation procedure. The electroanalytical performance of the chosen electrode is discussed based on the voltammetric detection of ferrocenemethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwaczyński
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Olga Szymaniec
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Diana M Bobrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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Glasco DL, Sheelam A, Ho NHB, Bell JG. Smartphone-based detection of levodopa in human sweat using 3D printed sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1273:341546. [PMID: 37423672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neurological disorders negatively impacting health on a global scale. Patients diagnosed with PD require frequent monitoring, prescribed medications, and therapy for extended periods as symptom severity worsens. The primary pharmaceutical treatment for PD patients is levodopa (L-Dopa) which reduces many symptoms experienced by PD patients (e.g., tremors, cognitive ability, motor dysfunction, etc.) through the regulation of dopamine levels in the body. Herein, the first detection of L-Dopa in human sweat using a low-cost 3D printed sensor with a simple and rapid fabrication protocol combined with a portable potentiostat wirelessly connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth is reported. By combining saponification and electrochemical activation into a single protocol, the optimized 3D printed carbon electrodes were able to simultaneously detect uric acid and L-Dopa throughout their biologically relevant ranges. The optimized sensors provided a sensitivity of 83 ± 3 nA/μM from 24 μM to 300 nM L-Dopa. Common physiological interferents found in sweat (e.g., ascorbic acid, glucose, caffeine) showed no influence on the response for L-Dopa. Lastly, a percent recovery of L-Dopa in human sweat using a smartphone-assisted handheld potentiostat resulted in the recovery of 100 ± 8%, confirming the ability of this sensor to accurately detect L-Dopa in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton L Glasco
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Anjaiah Sheelam
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Nguyen H B Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
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10
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Cieślik M, Susik A, Banasiak M, Bogdanowicz R, Formela K, Ryl J. Tailoring diamondised nanocarbon-loaded poly(lactic acid) composites for highly electroactive surfaces: extrusion and characterisation of filaments for improved 3D-printed surfaces. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:370. [PMID: 37639048 PMCID: PMC10462739 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A new 3D-printable composite has been developed dedicated to electroanalytical applications. Two types of diamondised nanocarbons - detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) and boron-doped carbon nanowalls (BCNWs) - were added as fillers in poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites to extrude 3D filaments. Carbon black served as a primary filler to reach high composite conductivity at low diamondised nanocarbon concentrations (0.01 to 0.2 S/cm, depending on the type and amount of filler). The aim was to thoroughly describe and understand the interactions between the composite components and how they affect the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties, and electrochemical characteristics of filaments and material extrusion printouts. The electrocatalytic properties of composite-based electrodes, fabricated with a simple 3D pen, were evaluated using multiple electrochemical techniques (cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The results showed that the addition of 5 wt% of any of the diamond-rich nanocarbons fillers significantly enhanced the redox process kinetics, leading to lower redox activation overpotentials compared with carbon black-loaded PLA. The detection of dopamine was successfully achieved through fabricated composite electrodes, exhibiting lower limits of detection (0.12 μM for DND and 0.18 μM for BCNW) compared with the reference CB-PLA electrodes (0.48 μM). The thermogravimetric results demonstrated that both DND and BCNW powders can accelerate thermal degradation. The presence of diamondised nanocarbons, regardless of their type, resulted in a decrease in the decomposition temperature of the composite. The study provides insight into the interactions between composite components and their impact on the electrochemical properties of 3D-printed surfaces, suggesting electroanalytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Cieślik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Susik
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Banasiak
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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11
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Lisboa TP, de Faria LV, de Oliveira WBV, Oliveira RS, Matos MAC, Dornellas RM, Matos RC. Cost-effective protocol to produce 3D-printed electrochemical devices using a 3D pen and lab-made filaments to ciprofloxacin sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:310. [PMID: 37466780 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel conductive filament based on graphite (Gr) dispersed in polylactic acid polymer matrix (PLA) is described to produce 3D-electrochemical devices (Gr/PLA). This conductive filament was used to additively manufacture electrochemical sensors using the 3D pen. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that Gr was successfully incorporated into PLA, achieving a composite material (40:60% w/w, Gr and PLA, respectively), while Raman and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of defects and a high porosity on the electrode surface, which contributes to improved electrochemical performance. The 3D-printed Gr/PLA electrode provided a more favorable charge transfer (335 Ω) than the conventional glassy carbon (1277 Ω) and 3D-printed Proto-pasta® (3750 Ω) electrodes. As a proof of concept, the ciprofloxacin antibiotic, a species of multiple interest, was selected as a model molecule. Thus, a square wave voltammetry (SWV) method was proposed in the potential range + 0.9 to + 1.3 V (vs Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat)), which provided a wide linear working range (2 to 32 µmol L-1), 1.79 µmol L-1 limit of detection (LOD), suitable precision (RSD < 7.9%), and recovery values from 94 to 109% when applied to pharmaceutical and milk samples. Additionally, the sensor is free from the interference of other antibiotics routinely employed in veterinary practices. This device is disposable, cost-effective, feasibly produced in financially limited laboratories, and consequently promising for evaluation of other antibiotic species in routine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
- College of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Raylla Santos Oliveira
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Camargo Matos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
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12
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de Faria LV, do Nascimento SFL, Villafuerte LM, Semaan FS, Pacheco WF, Dornellas RM. 3D printed graphite-based electrode coupled with batch injection analysis: An affordable high-throughput strategy for atorvastatin determination. Talanta 2023; 265:124873. [PMID: 37390670 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This work integrated a lab-made conductive graphite/polylactic acid (Grp/PLA, 40:60% w/w) filament into a 3D pen to print customized electrodes (cylindrical design). Thermogravimetric analysis validated the incorporation of graphite into the PLA matrix, while Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images indicated a graphitic structure with the presence of defects and highly porous, respectively. The electrochemical features of the 3D-printed Gpt/PLA electrode were systematically compared to that achieved using commercial carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA, from Protopasta®) filament. The 3D printed Gpt/PLA electrode "in the native form" provided lower charge transfer resistance (Rct = 880 Ω) and a more kinetically favored reaction (K0 = 1.48 × 10-3 cm s-1) compared to the 3D printed CB/PLA electrode (chemically/electrochemically treated). Moreover, a method by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-AD) was developed to determine atorvastatin (ATR) in pharmaceutical and water samples. Using the 3D printed Gpt/PLA electrode, a wider linear range (1-200 μmol L-1), sensitivity (3-times higher), and lower detection limit (LOD = 0.13 μmol L-1) were achieved when compared to the CB/PLA electrode. Repeatability studies (n = 15, RSD <7.3%) attested to the precision of the electrochemical measurements, and recovery percentages between 83 and 108% confirmed the accuracy of the method. Remarkably, this is the first time that ATR has been determined by the BIA-AD system and a low-cost 3D-printed device. This approach is promising to be implemented in research laboratories for quality control of pharmaceuticals and can also be useful for on-site environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas V de Faria
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Suéllen F L do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana M Villafuerte
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Semaan
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner F Pacheco
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Dornellas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Graphene-based 3D-Printed nanocomposite bioelectronics for monitoring breast cancer cell adhesion. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 226:115113. [PMID: 36764127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the suitability of graphene-based 3D-printed nanocomposite bioelectronics as innovative systems to in situ monitor and evaluate both breast cancer cell adhesion and the chemosensitivity of anti-cancer drugs. With this aim, 3D-printed nanocomposite graphene electrodes (3D-nGEs) -made of a commercially available graphene/polylactic acid filament- have been covalently biofunctionalized with an extracellular matrix protein (i.e., fibronectin) by exploiting the carbon reactivity of 3D-nGEs. The specificity and selectivity of the developed electrochemical system to monitor breast cancer cell adhesion has been tested via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Importantly, the resulting 3D-printed bioelectronic system displayed excellent accuracy for the rapid screening of anti-cancer drugs, which exactly corresponded with the results achieved by the standard optical method, while having the advantage of employing a label-free approach. In light of the current state-of-the-art in the field, this proof-of-concept connects electronics to biological systems within 3D printing technology, providing the bases for the sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing of graphene-based 3D-printed nanocomposite bioelectronics to simulate in vivo microenvironments using in situ and real time electronic output signals.
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14
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Lopes CEC, de Faria LV, Araújo DAG, Richter EM, Paixão TRLC, Dantas LMF, Muñoz RAA, da Silva IS. Lab-made 3D-printed electrochemical sensors for tetracycline determination. Talanta 2023; 259:124536. [PMID: 37062090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) are widely prescribed to treat humans or dairy animals. Therefore, it is important to establish affordable devices in laboratories with minimal infrastructure. 3D printing has proven to be a powerful and cost-effective tool that revolutionizes many applications in electrochemical sensing. In this work, we employ a conductive filament based on graphite (Gr) and polylactic acid (PLA) (40:60; w/w; synthesized in our lab) to manufacture 3D-printed electrodes. This electrode was used "as printed" and coupled to batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-AD) for TC sensing. Preliminary studies by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry revealed a mass transport governed by adsorption of the species and consequent fouling of the redox products on the 3D printed surface. Thus, a simple strategy (solution stirring and application of successive potentials, +0.95 V followed by +1.2 V) was associated with the BIA-AD system to solve this effect. The proposed electrode showed analytical performance comparable to costly conventional electrodes with linear response ranging from 0.5 to 50 μmol L-1 and a detection limit of 0.19 μmol L-1. Additionally, the developed method was applied to pharmaceutical, tap water, and milk samples, which required minimal sample preparation (simple dilution). Recovery values of 92-117% were obtained for tap water and milk samples, while the content found of TC in the capsule was close to the value reported by the manufacturer. These results indicate the feasibility of the method for routine analysis involving environmental, pharmaceutical, and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E C Lopes
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza M F Dantas
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Iranaldo S da Silva
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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15
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Chang Y, Cao Q, Venton BJ. 3D printing for customized carbon electrodes. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 38:101228. [PMID: 36911532 PMCID: PMC9997447 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional carbon electrodes are made of glassy carbon or carbon fibers and have limited shapes. 3D printing offers many advantages for manufacturing carbon electrodes, such as complete customization of the shape and the ability to fabricate devices and electrodes simultaneously. Additive manufacturing is the most common 3D printing method, where carbon materials are added to the material to make it conductive, and treatments applied to enhance electrochemical activity. A newer form of 3D printing is 2-photon lithography, where electrodes are printed in photoresist via laser lithography and then annealed to carbon by pyrolysis. Applications of 3D printed carbon electrodes include nanoelectrode measurements of neurotransmitters, arrays of biosensors, and integrated electrodes in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
| | - Qun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
| | - B Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904
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16
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Silva-Neto HA, Duarte-Junior GF, Rocha DS, Bedioui F, Varenne A, Coltro WKT. Recycling 3D Printed Residues for the Development of Disposable Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36884339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a recyclable approach using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) residues from additive manufacturing in combination with low-cost and accessible graphite flakes as a novel and potential mixture for creating a conductive paste. The graphite particles were successfully incorporated in the recycled thermoplastic composite when solubilized with acetone and the mixture demonstrated greater adherence to different substrates, among which cellulose-based material made possible the construction of a paper-based electrochemical sensor (PES). The morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterizations of the recycled electrode material were demonstrated to be similar to those of the traditional carbon-based surfaces. Faradaic responses based on redox probe activity ([Fe(CN)6]3-/4-) exhibited well-defined peak currents and diffusional mass transfer as a quasi-reversible system (96 ± 5 mV) with a fast heterogeneous rate constant value of 2 × 10-3 cm s-1. To improve the electrode electrochemical properties, both the PES and the classical 3D-printed electrode surfaces were modified with a combination of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and copper. Both electrode surfaces demonstrated the suitable oxidation of nitrite at 0.6 and 0.5 V vs Ag, respectively. The calculated analytical sensitivities for PES and 3D-printed electrodes were 0.005 and 0.002 μA/(μmol L-1), respectively. The proposed PES was applied for the indirect amperometric analysis of S-nitroso-cysteine (CysNO) in serum samples via nitrite quantitation, demonstrating a limit of detection of 4.1 μmol L-1, with statistically similar values when compared to quantitative analysis of the same samples by spectrophotometry (paired t test, 95% confidence limit). The evaluated electroanalytical approach exhibited linear behavior for nitrite in the concentration range between 10 and 125 μmol L-1, which is suitable for realizing clinical diagnosis involving Parkinson's disease, for example. This proof of concept shows the great promise of this recyclable strategy combining ABS residues and conductive particles in the context of green chemical protocols for constructing disposable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habdias A Silva-Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | | | - Danielly S Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences i-CLeHS, Chimie ParisTech-PSL/CNRS, Paris 8060, France
| | - Anne Varenne
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences i-CLeHS, Chimie ParisTech-PSL/CNRS, Paris 8060, France
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas 13084-971, São Paulo Brazil
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17
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Rocha RG, de Faria LV, Silva VF, Muñoz RAA, Richter EM. Carbon Black Integrated Polylactic Acid Electrodes Obtained by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Powerful Tool for Sensing of Sulfanilamide Residues in Honey Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3060-3067. [PMID: 36720110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfanilamide (SFL) is used to prevent infections in honeybees. However, many regulatory agencies prohibit or establish maximum levels of SFL residues in honey samples. Hence, we developed a low-cost and portable electrochemical method for SFL detection using a disposable device produced through 3D printing technology. In the proposed approach, the working electrode was printed using a conductive filament based on carbon black and polylactic acid and it was associated with square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized SWV parameters, linear concentration ranges (1-10 μmol L-1 and 12.5-35.0 μmol L-1), a detection limit of 0.26 μmol L-1 (0.05 mg L-1), and suitable RSD values (2.4% for inter-electrode; n = 3) were achieved. The developed method was selective in relation to other antibiotics applied in honey samples, requiring only dilution in the electrolyte. The recovery values (85-120%) obtained by SWV were statistically similar (95% confidence level) to those obtained by HPLC, attesting to the accuracy of the analysis and the absence of matrix interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38408-100 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Veloso WB, Ataide VN, Rocha DP, Nogueira HP, de Siervo A, Angnes L, Muñoz RAA, Paixão TRLC. 3D-printed sensor decorated with nanomaterials by CO 2 laser ablation and electrochemical treatment for non-enzymatic tyrosine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:63. [PMID: 36670263 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The combination of CO2 laser ablation and electrochemical surface treatments is demonstrated to improve the electrochemical performance of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) 3D-printed electrodes through the growth of flower-like Na2O nanostructures on their surface. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the combination of treatments ablated the electrode's polymeric layer, exposing a porous surface where Na2O flower-like nanostructures were formed. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes was measured by the reversibility of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple presenting a significantly improved performance compared with electrodes treated by only one of the steps. Electrodes treated by the combined method also showed a better electrochemical response for tyrosine oxidation. These electrodes were used as a non-enzymatic tyrosine sensor for quantification in human urine samples. Two fortified urine samples were analyzed, and the recovery values were 106 and 109%. The LOD and LOQ for tyrosine determination were 0.25 and 0.83 μmol L-1, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed devices are suitable sensors for analyses of biological samples, even at low analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Veloso
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N Ataide
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego P Rocha
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Pitanga, PR, 85200-000, Brazil
| | - Helton P Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin," Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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19
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Park SS, Lee YS, Lee SW, Repo E, Kim TH, Park Y, Hwang Y. Facile Surface Treatment of 3D-Printed PLA Filter for Enhanced Graphene Oxide Doping and Effective Removal of Cationic Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020269. [PMID: 36679150 PMCID: PMC9866784 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structured adsorption filter material is one of the ways to enhance the practical applicability of powdered adsorbents, which have limitations in the real water treatment process due to difficulty in the separation process. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was applied to prepare filter materials for water treatment processes. A 3D-printed graphene-oxide (GO)-based adsorbent is prepared on a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold. The surface of the PLA scaffold was modified by subjecting it to strong alkaline or organic solvent treatment to enhance GO doping for realizing effective adsorption of cationic dye solutions. When subjected to 95% acetone treatment, the structural properties of PLA changed, and particularly, two main hydrophilic functional groups (carboxylic acids and hydroxyls) were newly formed on the PLA through cleavage of the ester bond of the aliphatic polyester. Owing to these changes, the roughness of the PLA surface increased, and its tensile strength decreased. Meanwhile, its surface was doped mainly with GO, resulting in approximately 75% methylene blue (MB) adsorption on the 3D-printed GO-based PLA filter. Based on the established optimal pretreatment conditions, a kinetic MB sorption study and an isotherm study were conducted to evaluate the 3D-printed GO-based PLA filter. The pseudo-second-order model yielded the best fit, and the MB adsorption was better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. These results suggested that chemical adsorption was the main driver of the reaction, and monolayer sorption occurred on the adsorbent surface. The results of this study highlight the importance of PLA surface modification in enhancing GO doping and achieving effective MB adsorption in aqueous solutions. Ultimately, this study highlights the potential of using 3D printing technology to fabricate the components required for implementing water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sil Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eveliina Repo
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Park
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-2-970-6626 (Y.P. & Y.H.); Fax: +82-2-971-5776 (Y.P. & Y.H.)
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-2-970-6626 (Y.P. & Y.H.); Fax: +82-2-971-5776 (Y.P. & Y.H.)
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20
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Soares RRA, Hjort RG, Pola CC, Jing D, Cecon VS, Claussen JC, Gomes CL. Ion-selective electrodes based on laser-induced graphene as an alternative method for nitrite monitoring. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:43. [PMID: 36595104 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is an important food additive for cured meats; however, high nitrite levels pose adverse health effects to humans. Hence, monitoring nitrite concentration is critical to comply with limits imposed by regulatory agencies. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has proven to be a scalable manufacturing alternative to produce high-performance electrochemical transducers for sensors. Herein, we expand upon initial LIG studies by fabricating hydrophilic and hydrophobic LIG that are subsequently converted into ion-selective sensors to monitor nitrite in food samples with comparable performance to the standard photometric method (Griess method). The hydrophobic LIG resulted in an ion-selective electrode with improved potential stability due partly to a decrease in the water layer between the electrode and the nitrite poly(vinyl) chloride-based ion-selective membrane. These resultant nitrite ion-selective sensors displayed Nernstian response behavior with a sensitivity of 59.5 mV dec-1, a detection limit of 0.3 ± 0.1 mg L-1 (mean ± standard deviation), and a broad linear sensing range from 10-5 to 10-1 M, which was significantly larger than currently published nitrite methods. Nitrite levels were determined directly in food extract samples of sausage, ham, and bacon for 5 min. These sensor metrics are significant as regulatory agencies limit nitrite levels up to 200 mg L-1 in finished products to reduce the potential formation of nitrosamine (carcinogenic compound). These results demonstrate the versatility of LIG as a platform for ion-selective-LIG sensors and simple, efficient, and scalable electrochemical sensing in general while demonstrating a promising alternative to monitor nitrite levels in food products ensuring regulatory compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel R A Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Robert G Hjort
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Cícero C Pola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Dapeng Jing
- Materials Analysis and Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Victor S Cecon
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Carmen L Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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21
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Palacios-Corella M, Ghosh K, Redondo E, Pumera M. Polyoxometalate-Enhanced 3D-Printed Supercapacitors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201490. [PMID: 36333103 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary critical energy crisis demands the fast and cost-effective preparation of supercapacitors to replace old-fashioned batteries. 3D-printing has been established as a fast, cheap, and reliable new manufacturing technique that enables the preparation of such devices.. Unfortunately, carbon-based filaments used in 3D printing lack the necessary electrical properties to build supercapacitors by themselves and have to be combined with other materials to reach their full potential. In this study, carbon-based 3D-printed carbon electrodes (3D-PCE) have been combined with two polyoxometalates (that share the same redox cluster) by drop casting of the inorganic cluster mixed with a conducting slurry. The modified electrodes show higher capacitances than reference carbon electrodes showing the exceptional properties of the polyoxometalates. Moreover, the different nature of the polyoxometalate counter ions allows for their distinct deposition, giving rise to a different coverage of the surface of the 3D-PCE. The different coverage and the nature of the interaction of the counter ion with the electrolyte significantly modify the capacitance and resistance of the materials, playing a key role that should not be overlooked during their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Palacios-Corella
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kalyan Ghosh
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Redondo
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul (Republic of, Korea
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22
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Hüner B, Kıstı M, Uysal S, Uzgören İN, Özdoğan E, Süzen YO, Demir N, Kaya MF. An Overview of Various Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40638-40658. [PMID: 36406513 PMCID: PMC9670698 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have many advantages, such as design flexibility, minimal waste, manufacturing of very complex structures, cheaper production, and rapid prototyping. This technology is widely used in many fields, including health, energy, art, design, aircraft, and automotive sectors. In the manufacturing process of 3D printed products, it is possible to produce different objects with distinctive filament and powder materials using various production technologies. AM covers several 3D printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet printing, selective laser melting (SLM), and stereolithography (SLA). The present review provides an extensive overview of the recent progress in 3D printing methods for electrochemical fields. A detailed review of polymeric and metallic 3D printing materials and their corresponding printing methods for electrodes is also presented. Finally, this paper comprehensively discusses the main benefits and the drawbacks of electrode production from AM methods for energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulut Hüner
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Kıstı
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Uysal
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- BATARYASAN
Enerji ve San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Yıldırım
Beyazıt Mah., Aşık Veysel Bul., ERÜ TGB İdare ve Kuluçka 4, No: 67/3/11, Melikgazi, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İlayda Nur Uzgören
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emre Özdoğan
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- BATARYASAN
Enerji ve San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Yıldırım
Beyazıt Mah., Aşık Veysel Bul., ERÜ TGB İdare ve Kuluçka 4, No: 67/3/11, Melikgazi, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yakup Ogün Süzen
- Engineering
Faculty, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Demir
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Kaya
- Engineering
Faculty, Energy Systems Engineering Department, Heat Engineering Division, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes
University H2FC Hydrogen Energy Research Group, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- BATARYASAN
Enerji ve San. Tic. Ltd. Şti, Yıldırım
Beyazıt Mah., Aşık Veysel Bul., ERÜ TGB İdare ve Kuluçka 4, No: 67/3/11, Melikgazi, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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23
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Wan M, Jimu A, Yang H, Zhou J, Dai X, Zheng Y, Ou J, Yang Y, Liu J, Wang L. MXene quantum dots enhanced 3D-printed electrochemical sensor for the highly sensitive detection of dopamine. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Printing parameters affect the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed carbon electrodes obtained by fused deposition modeling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Freestanding 3D-interconnected carbon nanofibers as high-performance transducers in miniaturized electrochemical sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:424. [PMID: 36255531 PMCID: PMC9579100 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
3D-carbon nanomaterials have proven to be high-performance transducers in electrochemical sensors but their integration into miniaturized devices is challenging. Herein, we develop printable freestanding laser-induced carbon nanofibers (f-LCNFs) with outstanding analytical performance that furthermore can easily allow such miniaturization through a paper-based microfluidic strategy. The f-LCNF electrodes were generated from electrospun polyimide nanofibers and one-step laser carbonization. A three-electrode system made of f-LCNFs exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1 nM (S/N = 8) for anodic stripping analysis of silver ions, exhibiting the peak at ca. 100 mV vs f-LCNFs RE, without the need of stirring. The as-described system was implemented in miniaturized devices via wax-based printing, in which their electroanalytical performance was characterized for both outer- and inner-sphere redox markers and then applied to the detection of dopamine (the peak appeared at ca. 200 mV vs f-LCNFs RE) with a remarkable LOD of 55 pM. When modified with Nafion, the f-LCNFs were highly selective to dopamine even against high concentrations of uric and ascorbic acids. Especially the integration into closed microfluidic systems highlights the strength 3D porous structures provides excellent analytical performance paving the way for their translation to affordable lab-on-a-chip devices where mass-production capability, unsophisticated fabrication techniques, transfer-free, and customized electrode designs can be realized.
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26
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Stefano JS, Silva LRGE, Janegitz BC. New carbon black-based conductive filaments for the additive manufacture of improved electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:414. [PMID: 36217039 PMCID: PMC9550156 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a homemade carbon black composite filament with polylactic acid (CB-PLA) is reported. Optimized filaments containing 28.5% wt. of carbon black were obtained and employed in the 3D printing of improved electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The fabricated filaments were used to construct a simple electrochemical system, which was explored for detecting catechol and hydroquinone in water samples and detecting hydrogen peroxide in milk. The determination of catechol and hydroquinone was successfully performed by differential pulse voltammetry, presenting LOD values of 0.02 and 0.22 µmol L−1, respectively, and recovery values ranging from 91.1 to 112% in tap water. Furthermore, the modification of CB-PLA electrodes with Prussian blue allowed the non-enzymatic amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide at 0.0 V (vs. carbon black reference electrode) in milk samples, with a linear range between 5.0 and 350.0 mol L−1 and low limit of detection (1.03 µmol L−1). Thus, CB-PLA can be successfully applied as additively manufactured electrochemical sensors, and the easy filament manufacturing process allows for its exploration in a diversity of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Santos Stefano
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Guterres E Silva
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, 13600-970, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, 13600-970, Brazil.
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27
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de Oliveira FM, Mendonça MZM, de Moraes NC, Petroni JM, Neves MM, de Melo EI, Lucca BG, Bezerra da Silva RA. Exploring the coating of 3D-printed insulating substrates with conductive composites: a simple, cheap and versatile strategy to prepare customized high-performance electrochemical sensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3345-3354. [PMID: 35979860 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed electrochemical sensors by fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been increasing exponentially in the last five years. In this context, commercial conductive filaments composed of a blend of carbon particles (e.g., graphene or carbon black (CB)) and insulating thermoplastic polymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) have been widely used for electrode fabrication. However, such materials may be expensive and the electrodes when used "as-printed" exhibit poor electrochemical performance as a function of the low content of conductive particles in the composition (∼10 to 20 wt%), which requires one or more post-treatment steps (e.g. polishing, chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical) to reach good electrochemical performance. In this technical note a less used approach to produce "ready-to-use" electrochemical platforms based on 3D printing is explored, which consists of the coating of 3D-printed insulating substrates with homemade conductive composites. To demonstrate the potentiality of this alternative protocol, 3D-printed ABS insulating substrates at two geometries were coated in a highly loaded graphite (55 wt%) homemade composite (G-ABS) and evaluated for the detection of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe and model analytes in stationary and hydrodynamic 3D-printed systems (nitrite in micro-flow injection analysis/μFIA and paracetamol in batch injection analysis/BIA, respectively). The analytical parameters acquired with the coated electrodes were comparable to those obtained using conventional electrodes (glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond and carbon screen-printed) and 3D-printed sensors fabricated with commercial filaments. Moreover, the inclusion of carbon black in the fluid conductive composite was demonstrated as a perspective to obtain modified coated 3D-printed surfaces easily for the first time. This alternative "do it yourself" strategy is promising for the large-scale production of very cheap (US$ 0.08) and high-performance electrodes based on FDM 3D printing. Moreover, this approach dispenses the acquisition of commercial conductive filaments and the laborious development of homemade filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matheus Meneguel Neves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Edmar Isaias de Melo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, MG, 38500-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil
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28
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Li G, Wu G, Huang J, Wang B, Li H, Chen W, Liang J, Tan M, Zhou Z. Nanozyme-mediated cascade reaction system for electrochemical detection of 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108204. [PMID: 35839688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of metabolic diseases affecting major human health. The early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes have significant benefits. 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) accurately reflects a patient's average blood glucose level for the past 3-7 days and becomes a promising marker for real-time detection of diabetes. In this study, a novel biosensor for determination 1,5-AG is constructed using reduce graphene oxide-carboxymethylated chitosan-hemin@platinum nanocomposites (rGO-CMC-H@Pt NCs) nanozyme and pyranose oxidase (PROD) enzyme as the electrochemical biosensing platform. The rGO-CMC-H@Pt NCs nanozyme has good electro-conductibility, high specific surface area, and admirable peroxide-like catalysis effect to enhance the electrochemical response. 1,5-AG is catalyzed by PROD and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which in turn can be decomposed by rGO-CMC-H@Pt NCs and produce a current signal recorded by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Under optimal conditions, the response currents have a linear relationship in the 1,5-AG concentration of 0.1-2.0 mg/mL with R2 of 0.9869. The sensitivity is 2.1895 μA/μg·mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) is 38.2 μg/mL (S/N = 3). In addition, the specificity, reproducibility, stability and recovery (94.5-107.6%) of 1,5-AG biosensors all exhibit good performance. Therefore, the designed 1,5-AG biosensor has a good effect and can be used for the diagnosis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guandu Road, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiong Wu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindan Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiMei Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhide Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Jyoti J, Redondo E, Alduhaish O, Pumera M. 3D Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Organophosphates Nerve Agents. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jyoti
- Brno University of Technology CZECH REPUBLIC
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30
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Cieslik M, Sawczak M, Jendrzejewski R, Celej J, Nogala W, Ryl J. Locally sculptured modification of the electrochemical response of conductive poly(lactic acid) 3D prints by femtosecond laser processing. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Choińska M, Hrdlička V, Dejmková H, Fischer J, Míka L, Vaněčková E, Kolivoška V, Navrátil T. Applicability of Selected 3D Printing Materials in Electrochemistry. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050308. [PMID: 35624610 PMCID: PMC9138249 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript investigates the chemical and structural stability of 3D printing materials (3DPMs) frequently used in electrochemistry. Four 3D printing materials were studied: Clear photopolymer, Elastic photopolymer, PET filament, and PLA filament. Their stability, solubility, structural changes, flexibility, hardness, and color changes were investigated after exposure to selected organic solvents and supporting electrolytes. Furthermore, the available potential windows and behavior of redox probes in selected supporting electrolytes were investigated before and after the exposure of the 3D-printed objects to the electrolytes at various working electrodes. Possible electrochemically active interferences with an origin from the 3DPMs were also monitored to provide a comprehensive outline for the use of 3DPMs in electrochemical platform manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Choińska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Vojtěch Hrdlička
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Hana Dejmková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fischer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Luděk Míka
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.H.); (E.V.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-266-051-111
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32
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Stefano JS, Guterres E Silva LR, Rocha RG, Brazaca LC, Richter EM, Abarza Muñoz RA, Janegitz BC. New conductive filament ready-to-use for 3D-printing electrochemical (bio)sensors: Towards the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339372. [PMID: 35033268 PMCID: PMC9381826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 3D printing technology has gained ground due to its wide range of applicability. The development of new conductive filaments contributes significantly to the production of improved electrochemical devices. In this context, we report a simple method to producing an efficient conductive filament, containing graphite within the polymer matrix of PLA, and applied in conjunction with 3D printing technology to generate (bio)sensors without the need for surface activation. The proposed method for producing the conductive filament consists of four steps: (i) mixing graphite and PLA in a heated reflux system; (ii) recrystallization of the composite; (iii) drying and; (iv) extrusion. The produced filament was used for the manufacture of electrochemical 3D printed sensors. The filament and sensor were characterized by physicochemical techniques, such as SEM, TGA, Raman, FTIR as well as electrochemical techniques (EIS and CV). Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the fabricated 3D-printed sensor was applied for the determination of uric acid and dopamine in synthetic urine and used as a platform for the development of a biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The developed sensors, without pre-treatment, provided linear ranges of 0.5-150.0 and 5.0-50.0 μmol L-1, with low LOD values (0.07 and 0.11 μmol L-1), for uric acid and dopamine, respectively. The developed biosensor successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 S protein, with a linear range from 5.0 to 75.0 nmol L-1 (0.38 μg mL-1 to 5.74 μg mL-1) and LOD of 1.36 nmol L-1 (0.10 μg mL-1) and sensitivity of 0.17 μA nmol-1 L (0.01 μA μg-1 mL). Therefore, the lab-made produced and the ready-to-use conductive filament is promising and can become an alternative route for the production of different 3D electrochemical (bio)sensors and other types of conductive devices by 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Santos Stefano
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo Guterres E Silva
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Gomes Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mathias Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis-INCTBio, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
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33
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Kalinke C, de Oliveira PR, Neumsteir NV, Henriques BF, de Oliveira Aparecido G, Loureiro HC, Janegitz BC, Bonacin JA. Influence of filament aging and conductive additive in 3D printed sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339228. [PMID: 35033250 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology combined with electrochemical techniques have allowed the development of versatile and low-cost devices. However, some aspects need to be considered for the good quality and useful life of the sensors. In this work, we have demonstrated herein that the filament aging, the conductive material, and the activation processes (post-treatments) can influence the surface characteristics and the electrochemical performance of the 3D printed sensors. Commercial filaments and 3D printed sensors were morphologically, thermally, and electrochemically analyzed. The activated graphene-based (Black Magic®) sensor showed the best electrochemical response, compared to the carbon black-filament (Proto-Pasta®). In addition, we have proven that filament aging harms the performance of the sensors since the electrodes produced with three years old filament had a considerably lower intra-days reproducibility. Finally, the activated graphene-based sensor has shown the best performance for the electrochemical detection of bisphenol A, demonstrating the importance of evaluating and control the characteristics and quality of filaments to improve the mechanical, conductive, and electrochemical performance of 3D printed sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Kalinke
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Nature Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Brunna Ferri Henriques
- Department of Nature Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Campos Loureiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Alves Bonacin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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34
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Partanen K, Pei Y, Hillen P, Hassan M, McEleney K, Schatte G, Payne SJ, Oleschuk R, She Z. Investigating electrochemical deposition of gold on commercial off-the-shelf 3-D printing materials towards developing sensing applications †. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33440-33448. [PMID: 36425202 PMCID: PMC9679451 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the inaccessibility of quick and affordable clinical diagnostics. This led to increased interest in creating low-cost portable electrochemical (EC) devices for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. One important perspective is to develop new fabrication methods for functional and low-cost electrode chips. Techniques, such as electron beam and photolithography, allow precise and high-resolution electrode fabrication; however, they are costly and can be time-consuming. More recently, fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3-D) printing is being used as an alternative fabrication technique due to the low-cost of the printer and rapid prototyping capability. In this study, we explore enhancing the conductivity of 3-D printed working electrodes with EC gold deposition. Two commercial conductive filament brands were used and investigated to fabricate electrode chips. Furthermore, strategies to apply epoxy glue and conductive silver paint were investigated to control the electrode surface area and ensure good electrical connection. This device enables detection at drinking water concentration thresholds. The practical application of the fabricated electrodes is demonstrated by detecting Cu2+ using anodic stripping voltammetry. Customized electrodes were made with 3-D printing and gold electrochemical reduction towards analytical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Partanen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada,Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's UniversityEllis HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Phillip Hillen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Malek Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Kevin McEleney
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Sarah Jane Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada,Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's UniversityEllis HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Richard Oleschuk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Zhe She
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonONK7L 3N6Canada
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35
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Gao W, Michalička J, Pumera M. Hierarchical Atomic Layer Deposited V 2 O 5 on 3D Printed Nanocarbon Electrodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105572. [PMID: 34761511 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are promising energy storage systems owing to their ecofriendliness, safety, and cost-efficiency. However, the sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics originated from its inherent large atomic mass and high polarization remains an ongoing challenge. To this end, electrodes with 3D architectures and high porosity are highly desired. This work reports a rational design and fabrication of hierarchical core-shell structured cathodes (3D@V2 O5 ) for ARZIBs by integrating fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing with atomic layer deposition (ALD). The 3D-printed porous carbon network provides an entangled electron conductive core and interconnected ion diffusion channels, whereas ALD-coated V2 O5 serves as an active shell without sacrificing the porosity for facilitated Zn2+ diffusion. This endows the 3D@V2 O5 cathode with high specific capacity (425 mAh g-1 at 0.3 A g-1 ), competitive energy and power densities (316 Wh Kg-1 at 213 W kg-1 and 163 Wh Kg-1 at 3400 W kg-1 ), and good rate performance (221 mAh g-1 at 4.8 A g-1 ). The developed 3D@V2 O5 cathode provides a promising model for customized and scalable battery electrode engineering technology. As the ALD-coated layer determines the functional properties, the proposed strategy shows a promising prospect of FDM 3D printing using 1D carbon materials for future energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Gao
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno, 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michalička
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno, 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno, 61600, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- 3D Printing & Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Muñoz J, Pumera M. 3D-Printed COVID-19 immunosensors with electronic readout. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 425:131433. [PMID: 34393616 PMCID: PMC8349461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology has brought light in the fight against the COVID-19 global pandemic event through the decentralized and on-demand manufacture of different personal protective equipment and medical devices. Nonetheless, since this technology is still in an early stage, the use of 3D-printed electronic devices for antigen test developments is almost an unexplored field. Herein, a robust and general bottom-up biofunctionalization approach via surface engineering is reported aiming at providing the bases for the fabrication of the first 3D-printed COVID-19 immunosensor prototype with electronic readout. The 3D-printed COVID-19 immunosensor was constructed by covalently anchoring the COVID-19 recombinant protein on a 3D-printed graphene-based nanocomposite electrode surface. The electrical readout relies on impedimetrically monitoring changes at the electrode/electrolyte interface after interacting with the monoclonal COVID-19 antibody via competitive assay, fact that hinders the redox conversion of a benchmark redox marker. Overall, the developed 3D-printed system exhibits promising electroanalytical capabilities in both buffered and human serum samples, displaying an excellent linear response with a detection limit at trace levels (0.5 ± 0.1 μg·mL-1). Such achievements demonstrate advantage of light-of-speed distribution of 3D printing datafiles with localized point-of-care low-cost printing and bioelectronic devices to help contain the spread of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. This technology is applicable to any post-COVID-19 SARS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno 61600, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Brno 61600, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3D Printing & Innovation Hub, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Mandala R, Bannoth AP, Akella S, Rangari VK, Kodali D. A short review on fused deposition modeling
3D
printing of bio‐based polymer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mandala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Vignan Institute of Technology & Science Deshmukhi Hyderabad India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad India
| | - Anjaneya Prasad Bannoth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad India
| | - Suresh Akella
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Vijaya K. Rangari
- Department of Materials Science Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA
| | - Deepa Kodali
- Department of Materials Science Engineering Tuskegee University Tuskegee USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Christian Brothers University Memphis USA
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38
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Ataide VN, Rocha DP, de Siervo A, Paixão TRLC, Muñoz RAA, Angnes L. Additively manufactured carbon/black-integrated polylactic acid 3Dprintedsensor for simultaneous quantification of uric acid and zinc in sweat. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:388. [PMID: 34668076 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the first time the development of an electrochemical method for simultaneous quantification of Zn2+ and uric acid (UA) in sweat is described using an electrochemically treated 3D-printed working electrode. Sweat analysis can provide important information about metabolites that are valuable indicators of biological processes. Improved performance of the 3D-printed electrode was achieved after electrochemical treatment of its surface in an alkaline medium. This treatment promotes the PLA removal (insulating layer) and exposes carbon black (CB) conductive sites. The pH and the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry technique were carefully adjusted to optimize the method. The peaks for Zn2+ and UA were well-defined at around - 1.1 V and + 0.45 V (vs. CB/PLA pseudo-reference), respectively, using the treated surface under optimized conditions. The calibration curve showed a linear range of 1 to 70 µg L-1 and 1 to 70 µmol L-1 for Zn2+ and UA, respectively. Relative standard deviation values were estimated as 4.8% (n = 10, 30 µg L-1) and 6.1% (n = 10, 30 µmol L-1) for Zn2+ and UA, respectively. The detection limits for Zn2+ and UA were 0.10 µg L-1 and 0.28 µmol L-1, respectively. Both species were determined simultaneously in real sweat samples, and the achieved recovery percentages were between 95 and 106% for Zn2+ and 82 and 108% for UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Ataide
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego P Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Covalently modified enzymatic 3D-printed bioelectrode. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:374. [PMID: 34628520 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has showed great potential for the construction of electrochemical sensor devices. However, reported 3D-printed biosensors are usually constructed by physical adsorption and needed immobilizing reagents on the surface of functional materials. To construct the 3D-printed biosensors, the simple modification of the 3D-printed device by non-expert is mandatory to take advantage of the remote, distributed 3D printing manufacturing. Here, a 3D-printed electrode was prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique and activated by chemical and electrochemical methods. A glucose oxidase-based 3D-printed nanocarbon electrode was prepared by covalent linkage method to an enzyme on the surface of the 3D-printed electrode to enable biosensing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the glucose oxidase-based biosensor. Direct electrochemistry glucose oxidase-based biosensor with higher stability was then chosen to detect the two biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide and glucose by chronoamperometry. The prepared glucose oxidase-based biosensor was further used for the detection of glucose in samples of apple cider. The covalently linked glucose oxidase 3D-printed nanocarbon electrode as a biosensor showed excellent stability. This work can open new doors for the covalent modification of 3D-printed electrodes in other electrochemistry fields such as biosensors, energy, and biocatalysis.
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Muñoz J, Redondo E, Pumera M. Versatile Design of Functional Organic-Inorganic 3D-Printed (Opto)Electronic Interfaces with Custom Catalytic Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103189. [PMID: 34510744 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to combine organic and inorganic components in a single material represents a great step toward the development of advanced (opto)electronic systems. Nowadays, 3D-printing technology has generated a revolution in the rapid prototyping and low-cost fabrication of 3D-printed electronic devices. However, a main drawback when using 3D-printed transducers is the lack of robust functionalization methods for tuning their capabilities. Herein, a simple, general and robust in situ functionalization approach is reported to tailor the capabilities of 3D-printed nanocomposite carbon/polymer electrode (3D-nCE) surfaces with a battery of functional inorganic nanoparticles (FINPs), which are appealing active units for electronic, optical and catalytic applications. The versatility of the resulting functional organic-inorganic 3D-printed electronic interfaces is provided in different pivotal areas of electrochemistry, including i) electrocatalysis, ii) bio-electroanalysis, iii) energy (storage and conversion), and iv) photoelectrochemical applications. Overall, the synergism of combining the transducing characteristics of 3D-nCEs with the implanted tuning surface capabilities of FINPs leads to new/enhanced electrochemical performances when compared to their bare 3D-nCE counterparts. Accordingly, this work elucidates that FINPs have much to offer in the field of 3D-printing technology and provides the bases toward the green fabrication of functional organic-inorganic 3D-printed (opto)electronic interfaces with custom catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Redondo
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology (CEITEC-BUT), Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- 3D Printing & Innovation Hub, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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41
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Richard I, Schyrr B, Aiassa S, Carrara S, Sorin F. All-in-Fiber Electrochemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43356-43363. [PMID: 34490779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have found a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry thanks to the advent of high-throughput printing technologies. However, these techniques are usually limited to two-dimensional (2D) geometry with relatively large minimal feature sizes. Here, we report on the scalable fabrication of monolithically integrated electrochemical devices with novel and customizable fiber-based architectures. The multimaterial thermal drawing technique is employed to co-process polymer composites and metallic glass into uniform electroactive and pseudoreference electrodes embedded in an insulating polymer cladding fiber. To demonstrate the versatility of the process, we tailor the fiber microstructure to two configurations: a small-footprint fiber tip sensor and a high-surface-area capillary cell. We demonstrate the performance of our devices using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry for the direct detection and quantification of paracetamol, a common anesthetic drug. Finally, we showcase a fully portable pipet-based analyzer using low-power electronics and an "electrochemical pipet tip" for direct sampling and analysis of microliter-range volumes. Our approach paves the way toward novel materials and architectures for efficient electrochemical sensing to be deployed in existing and novel personal care and surgical configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Richard
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Schyrr
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Aiassa
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - S Carrara
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Rocha DP, Rocha RG, Castro SVF, Trindade MAG, Munoz RAA, Richter EM, Angnes L. Posttreatment of 3D‐printed surfaces for electrochemical applications: A critical review on proposed protocols. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego P. Rocha
- Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Rocha
- Instituto de Química Universidade Federal de Uberlândia berlândia Brazil
| | | | - Magno A. G. Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
- UNESP Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT‐DATREM) National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection Institute of Chemistry Araraquara Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química Universidade Federal de Uberlândia berlândia Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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43
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3D-printed hybrid-carbon-based electrodes for electroanalytical sensing applications. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ghosh K, Pumera M. MXene and MoS 3- x Coated 3D-Printed Hybrid Electrode for Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitor. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100451. [PMID: 34927869 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D nanomaterials such as transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted ample attention in the field of energy storage devices specifically in supercapacitors (SCs) because of their high metallic conductivity, wide interlayer spacing, large surface area, and 2D layered structures. However, the low potential window (ΔV ≈ 0.6 V) of MXene e.g., Ti3 C2 Tx limits the energy density of the SCs. Herein, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are fabricated by assembling the exfoliated Ti3 C2 Tx (Ex-Ti3 C2 Tx ) as the negative electrode and transition metal chalcogenide (MoS3- x ) coated 3D-printed nanocarbon framework (MoS3- x @3DnCF) as the positive electrode utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/H2 SO4 gel electrolyte, which provides a wide ΔV of 1.6 V. The Ex-Ti3 C2 Tx possesses wrinkled sheets which prevent the restacking of Ti3 C2 Tx 2D layers. The MoS3- x @3DnCF holds a porous structure and offers diffusion-controlled intercalated pseudocapacitance that enhances the overall capacitance. The 3D printing allows a facile fabrication of customized shaped MoS3- x @3DnCF electrodes. Employing the advantages of the 3D-printing facilities, two different ASCs, such as sandwich- and interdigitated-configurations are fabricated. The customized ASCs provide excellent capacitive performance. Such ASCs combining the MXene and electroactive 3D-printed nanocarbon framework can be used as potential energy storage devices in modern electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ghosh
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- 3D Printing & Innovation Hub, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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45
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46
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Abdalla A, Patel BA. 3D Printed Electrochemical Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:47-63. [PMID: 33974807 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091120-093659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently emerged as a novel approach in the development of electrochemical sensors. This approach to fabrication has provided a tremendous opportunity to make complex geometries of electrodes at high precision. The most widely used approach for fabrication is fused deposition modeling; however, other approaches facilitate making smaller geometries or expanding the range of materials that can be printed. The generation of complete analytical devices, such as electrochemical flow cells, provides an example of the array of analytical tools that can be developed. This review highlights the fabrication, design, preparation, and applications of 3D printed electrochemical sensors. Such developments have begun to highlight the vast potential that 3D printed electrochemical sensors can have compared to other strategies in sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdalla
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; ,
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; ,
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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47
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Singh P, Mandal S, Roy D, Chanda N. Facile Detection of Blood Creatinine Using Binary Copper-Iron Oxide and rGO-Based Nanocomposite on 3D Printed Ag-Electrode under POC Settings. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3446-3458. [PMID: 34142794 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles have been helpful in creatinine sensing technology under point-of-care (POC) settings because of their excellent electrocatalyst properties. However, the behavior of monometallic nanoparticles as electrochemical creatinine sensors showed limitations concerning the current density in the mA/cm2 range and wide detection window, which are essential parameters for the development of a sensor for POC applications. Herein, we report a new sensor, a reduced graphene oxide stabilized binary copper-iron oxide-based nanocomposite on a 3D printed Ag-electrode (Fe-Cu-rGO@Ag) for detecting a wide range of blood creatinine (0.01 to 1000 μM; detection limit 10 nM) in an electrochemical chip with a current density ranging between 0.185 and 1.371 mA/cm2 and sensitivity limit of 1.1 μA μM-1 cm-2 at physiological pH. Interference studies confirmed that the sensor exhibited no interference from analytes like uric acid, urea, dopamine, and glutathione. The sensor response was also evaluated to detect creatinine in human blood samples with high accuracy in less than a minute. The sensing mechanism suggested that the synergistic effects of Cu and iron oxide nanoparticles played an essential role in the efficient sensing where Fe atoms act as active sites for creatinine oxidation through the secondary amine nitrogen, and Cu nanoparticles acted as an excellent electron-transfer mediator through rGO. The rapid sensor fabrication procedure, mA/cm2 peak current density, a wide range of detection limits, low contact resistance including high selectivity, excellent linear response (R2 = 0.991), and reusability ensured the application of advanced electrochemical sensor toward the POC creatinine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Soumen Mandal
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debolina Roy
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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48
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Iffelsberger C, Jellett CW, Pumera M. 3D Printing Temperature Tailors Electrical and Electrochemical Properties through Changing Inner Distribution of Graphite/Polymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101233. [PMID: 33938128 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rise of 3D printing technology, with fused deposition modeling as one of the simplest and most widely used techniques, has empowered an increasing interest for composite filaments, providing additional functionality to 3D-printed components. For future applications, like electrochemical energy storage, energy conversion, and sensing, the tuning of the electrochemical properties of the filament and its characterization is of eminent importance to improve the performance of 3D-printed devices. In this work, customized conductive graphite/poly(lactic acid) filament with a percentage of graphite filler close to the conductivity percolation limit is fabricated and 3D-printed into electrochemical devices. Detailed scanning electrochemical microscopy investigations demonstrate that 3D-printing temperature has a dramatic effect on the conductivity and electrochemical performance due to a changed conducive filler/polymer distribution. This may allow, e.g., 3D printing of active/inactive parts of the same structure from the same filament when changing the 3D printing nozzle temperature. These tailored properties can have profound influence on the application of these 3D-printed composites, which can lead to a dramatically different functionality of the final electrical, electrochemical, and energy storage device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Iffelsberger
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
| | - Cameron W Jellett
- Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno, 61200, Czech Republic
- Center of Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- 3D Printing & Innovation Hub, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Omar MH, Razak KA, Ab Wahab MN, Hamzah HH. Recent progress of conductive 3D-printed electrodes based upon polymers/carbon nanomaterials using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) method as emerging electrochemical sensing devices. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16557-16571. [PMID: 35479129 PMCID: PMC9031910 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3D-printing or additive manufacturing is presently an emerging technology in the fourth industrial revolution that promises to reshape traditional manufacturing processes. The electrochemistry field can undoubtedly take advantage of this technology to fabricate electrodes to create a new generation of electrode sensor devices that could replace conventionally manufactured electrodes; glassy carbon, screen-printed carbon and carbon composite electrodes. In the electrochemistry research area, studies to date show that there is a demand for electrically 3D printable conductive polymer/carbon nanomaterial filaments where these materials can be printed out through an extrusion process based upon the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. FDM could be used to manufacture novel electrochemical 3D printed electrode sensing devices for electrochemical sensor and biosensor applications. This is due to the FDM method being the most affordable 3D printing technique since conductive and non-conductive thermoplastic filaments are commercially available. Therefore, in this minireview, we focus on only the most outstanding studies that have been published since 2018. We believe this to be a highly-valuable research area to the scientific community, both in academia and industry, to enable novel ideas, materials, designs and methods relating to electroanalytical sensing devices to be generated. This approach has the potential to create a new generation of electrochemical sensing devices based upon additive manufacturing. This minireview also provides insight into how the research community could improve the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed electrodes to significantly increase the sensitivity of the 3D-printed electrodes as electrode sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Huzaifah Omar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) 11800 Gelugor Penang Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- Nanobiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Penang Malaysia
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nadhir Ab Wahab
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Gelugor Penang Malaysia
| | - Hairul Hisham Hamzah
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) 11800 Gelugor Penang Malaysia
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Rocha RG, Ribeiro JS, Santana MHP, Richter EM, Muñoz RAA. 3D-printing for forensic chemistry: voltammetric determination of cocaine on additively manufactured graphene-polylactic acid electrodes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1788-1794. [PMID: 33885677 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine is probably one of the most trafficked illicit drugs in the world. For this reason, police forces require fast, selective, and sensitive methods for cocaine detection at crime scenes. Taking benefit of additive manufacturing, we demonstrate that 3D-printed graphene-polylactic acid (G-PLA) electrodes using the affordable fused deposition modelling technique can identify and quantify cocaine in seized drugs. The detection of cocaine based on its electrochemical oxidation on such electrodes was dramatically improved after an electrochemical surface treatment that generates reduced graphene oxide (anodic followed by a cathodic treatment). Square-wave voltammetric determination of cocaine was achieved in the concentration range between 20 and 100 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 6 μmol L-1, and free from the interference of paracetamol, caffeine, phenacetin, lidocaine, benzocaine and levamisole, which are common adulterants found in seized drugs. The analytical characteristics obtained using 3D-printed G-PLA electrodes were comparable with those of previously reported electrochemical sensors, but presented the inherent advantages of the 3D-printing technology that enables low-cost, reproducible, and large-scale production of such electrodes in remote areas combined with the use of an environmentally-friendly biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julia S Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mário H P Santana
- Unidade Técnico-Científica, Superintendência Regional da Polícia Federal em MG, 38408-680, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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