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Singhvi P, Vankova N, Heine T. External Electric Field Control of Exciton Motion in Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400180. [PMID: 38606436 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrins are excellent light-harvesting complexes. Presently they are unsuitable for photovoltaic applications, as their excellent light absorbance is compensated to a large extent by their poor transport properties, where most excitons are lost by recombination. Arranging porphyrins in regular, strongly bound, lattices of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (PP-SURMOFs) may facilitate charge carrier dissociation, but does not significantly enhance the conductive properties. In most cases, photogenerated excitons traverse undirected, Brownian motion through a hopping process, resulting in a substantial diffusion length to reach electrodes, leading to significant exciton loss through recombination. Here, we propose to guide exciton diffusion indirectly by an external electric field. We show that electric fields, even as strong as 1 V nm-1, do not affect the HOMO-LUMO gap of the porphyrins. However, fields of 0.1 V nm-1 and even less demonstrate a notable Stark effect, with slight band gap reductions, for some PP-SURMOFs. When applied as an electric field gradient, for instance, via the substrate, it creates a unidirectional hopping pathway for the excitons. Consequently, we expect a significant reduction of exciton diffusion length leading to increased utilization of photogenerated excitons as they reach the electrodes. This strategy holds promise for integrating photoactive molecules in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Singhvi
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding, CASUS, Untermarkt 20, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, HZDR, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and ibs for nanomedicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xiao Y, Sun Q, Leng J, Jin S. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Dynamic Investigation of Photoresponsive Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3390-3403. [PMID: 38501970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Photoresponsive MOFs with precise and adjustable reticular structures are attractive for light conversion applications. Uncovering the photoinduced carrier dynamics lays the essential foundation for the further development and optimization of the MOF material. With the application of time-resolved spectroscopy, photophysical processes including excimer formation, energy transfer/migration, and charge transfer/separation have been widely investigated. However, the identification of distinct photophysical processes in real experimental MOF spectra still remains difficult due to the spectral and dynamic complexity of MOFs. In this Perspective, we summarize the typical spectral features of these photophysical processes and the related analysis methods for dynamic studies performed by time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Based on the recent understanding of excited-state properties of photoresponsive MOFs and the discussion of challenges and future outlooks, this Perspective aims to provide convenience for MOF kinetic analysis and contribute to the further development of photoresponsive MOF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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3
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Afrin S, Yang X, Morris AJ, Grumstrup EM. Rapid Exciton Transport and Structural Defects in Individual Porphyrinic Metal Organic Framework Microcrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4309-4313. [PMID: 38330249 PMCID: PMC10885150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
To date, spectroscopic characterization of porphyrin-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has relied almost exclusively on ensemble techniques, which provide only structurally averaged insight into the functional properties of these promising photochemical platforms. This work employs time-resolved pump-probe microscopy to probe ultrafast dynamics in PCN-222 MOF single crystals. The simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution of the technique enables the correlation of spectroscopic observables to both inter- and intracrystal structural heterogeneity. The pump-probe measurements show that significant differences in the excited state lifetime exist between individual PCN-222 crystals of an ensemble. On a single PCN-222 crystal, differences in excited state lifetime and photoluminescence quantum yield are found to correlate to microscale structural defects introduced at crystallization. Pump probe microscopy also enables the direct measurement of excited state transport. Imaging of exciton transport on individual MOF crystals reveals rapid, but subdiffusive exciton transport which slows on the 10s of ps time scale. Time-averaged exciton diffusion coefficients over the first 200 ps span a range of 0.27 to 1.0 cm2/s, indicating that excited states are rapidly transported through the porphyrin network of PCN-222 before being trapped. Together, these single-particle-resolved measurements provide important new insight into the role played by structural defects on the photochemical functionality of porphyrin-based MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajia Afrin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Erik M Grumstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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4
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Schlachter A, Asselin P, Fortin D, Karsenti PL, Harvey PD. Strong Host-Guest Dependence on the Emissive Properties of MOF-5 and [Zn 2(BTTB)(DMF) 2•(H 2O) 3] n. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13757-13764. [PMID: 37578992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
3D-[Zn4O(1,4-BDC)3•x(solvent)]n (MOF-5; BDC = 1,4-benzodicarboxylate) and 3D-[Zn2(BTTB)(DMF)2•(H2O)3]n (MOF-D; BTTB = 4,4',4″,4‴-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrabenzoate) have been investigated by means of steady-state UV-visible and fluorescence and time-resolved emission spectroscopy, as a function of solvent and power of the excitation irradiation. The low-temperature X-ray structures (173 K) were permitted to locate solvent molecules (here H2O) in the lattice. They were found distributed in the middle in the voids with no evidence of specific interactions (H-bond, coulombic, and dipole-dipole) with the framework. The fluorescence decays of the ligands (ππ* excited state), τF, for the host-guest composites MOF-5@solvent and MOF-D@solvent (solvent = air, MeCN, EtCN, MeOH, EtOH, and DMF) were found bi-exponential (short τF1 (ps), and long τF2 (ns)) with one important feature: upon cooling from 298 to 77 K, MOF-5's τF1 decreases and τF2 increases, while the opposite trend is generally observed in MOF-D. The low values for τF1 (ps) in MOF-5 are associated with the augmented probability of solvent-ligand collisions leading to nonradiative deactivation, which upon cooling to 77 K increases further as the scaffolding contracts. The augmentation in τF2 is readily associated with the increased rigidity of the ligands that are not submitted to this effect (at the surface of the MOF and as pendent groups). For the low emitter MOF-D, the reversed situation is noted but not as clearly due to the uncertainties in the data. Upon increasing the excitation flux, the fluorescence intensity increases linearly with the laser power indicating the absence of singlet-singlet annihilation, inferring the absence of efficient exciton migration. This observation is explained by the small absorptivity coefficients, which leads to a small J spectral overlap between absorption and fluorescence according to the Forster and Dexter theories, and consequently, a small rate for energy migration. This conclusion drastically changes the perception of the photocatalytic mechanism of MOF-5 and other MOFs exhibiting similar absorption features (i.e., no antenna effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Schlachter
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Paul Asselin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Paul-Ludovic Karsenti
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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5
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Yan Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, He Z, Luo L, Fan J. Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separation Performances of a Tetraphenyl Porphyrin Stationary Phase. Front Chem 2022; 10:800922. [PMID: 35281565 PMCID: PMC8905518 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.800922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) has enormous potential for use as gas chromatography stationary phases because it has a distinctive extended π–π conjugated coplanar structure and a range of interesting properties such as a good solubility in dichloromethane, high melting point, and good thermal stability. In this work, a TPP column was successfully prepared using a static method. The column was nonpolar and had a high efficiency. The chromatographic selectivity of the TPP column was assessed. The TPP column showed superiority retention and higher resolution for alicyclic, aromatic molecules through ring matching and π-π stacking interaction comparable to HP-5MS column. The unique mechanisms through which the TPP column retained polychlorinated biphenyls allowed the peak pair of 2,2ʹ,5-trichlorobiphenyl and 4,4ʹ-dichlorobiphenyl to be resolved better on the TPP column than the HP-5MS column. The TPP column was thermally stable even at 260°C for 2 h and gave results of a high degree of precision (run-to-run and column-to-column) with relative standard deviations <0.05% and <4.96%, respectively. The results indicated that porphyrin derivatives will be useful gas chromatography stationary phases.
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Gao L, Song Y, Zhong J, Lin X, Zhou SF, Zhan G. Biocompatible 2D Cu-TCPP Nanosheets Derived from Cu 2O Nanocubes as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Combined Anticancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1074-1086. [PMID: 35129963 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could serve as multifunctional nanoplatforms to load small-molecule drugs and enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles (NPs) with a high efficiency for combined cancer therapy. Herein, we have prepared novel 2D Cu-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) nanosheets with an average thickness of 1.2 ± 0.1 nm using Cu2O nanocubes (50 nm) as a template and solid copper ion supplier. Cu2O nanocubes can be consumed and hybridized with the obtained Cu-TCPP, depending on the molar ratio of Cu2O and TCPP linker. The resultant Cu2O/Cu-TCPP could serve as nanoplatforms for co-loading of Pt and Au NPs to construct multifunctional Cu2O/Cu-TCPP/(Pt-Au) nanomedicines, which showed a superior anticancer effect via multiple therapeutic modes. For instance, Cu(II)-TCPP can produce 1O2 in the presence of acidic H2O2 by the Russell mechanism and the intrinsic Cu(I) ions (derived from the residual Cu2O) could mediate a Fenton-like reaction in tumorous tissues to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Moreover, the loaded Pt NPs with catalase (CAT)-mimic activity could decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2 within the tumor cells, increasing the local O2 concentration, modulating the tumorous hypoxia atmosphere, and promoting the O2-dependent glucose oxidation reaction. Furthermore, Au NPs with glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimic activity could accelerate the consumption of glucose and cut nutrient supply to induce starvation therapy. Consequently, our designed 2D MOF-based therapeutic nanomedicines would be a promising candidate for future smart and combined cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Juwenlee (Fujian) Cosmetics Co., Ltd., 21 Longxiang Road, Taiwanese Investment Area, Zhangzhou 363107, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Guowu Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute (INCI), Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, P. R. China
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7
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Rajasree SS, Yu J, Pratik SM, Li X, Wang R, Kumbhar AS, Goswami S, Cramer CJ, Deria P. Superradiance and Directional Exciton Migration in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1396-1406. [PMID: 35029989 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising synthetic analogues of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The precise assembly of linkers (organic chromophores) around the topology-defined pores offers the evolution of unique photophysical behaviors that are reminiscence of LHCs. These include MOF excited states with photoabsorbed energy that is spatially dispersed over multiple linkers defining the molecular excitons. The multilinker molecular excitons display superradiance─a hallmark of coupled oscillators seen in LHCs─with radiative rate constant (krad) exceeding that of a single linker. Our theoretical model and experimental results on three zirconium MOFs, namely, PCN-222(Zn), NU-1000, and SIU-100, with similar topology but varying linkers suggest that the size of such molecular excitons depends on the electronic symmetry of the linker. This multilinker exciton model effectively predicts the energy transfer rate constant; corresponding single-step exciton hopping time, ranging from a few picoseconds in SIU-100 and NU-1000 to a few hundreds of picoseconds in PCN-222(Zn), matches well with the experimental data. The model also predicts the anisotropy of exciton displacement with preferential migration along the crystallographic c-axis. Overall, these findings establish various missing links defining the exciton size and dynamics in MOF-assembled linkers. The understandings will provide design principles, especially, positioning the catalysts or electrode relative to the linker orientation for low-density solar energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreehari Surendran Rajasree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Saied Md Pratik
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xinlin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amar S Kumbhar
- Chapel Hill Analytical & Nanofabrication Laboratory, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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8
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Wan R, Ha DG, Dou JH, Lee WS, Chen T, Oppenheim JJ, Li J, Tisdale WA, Dincă M. Dipole-mediated exciton management strategy enabled by reticular chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10792-10797. [PMID: 36320711 PMCID: PMC9491208 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively blocking undesirable exciton transfer pathways is crucial for utilizing exciton conversion processes that involve participation of multiple chromophores. This is particularly challenging for solid-state systems, where the chromophores are fixed in close proximity. For instance, the low efficiency of solid-state triplet–triplet upconversion calls for inhibiting the parasitic singlet back-transfer without blocking the flow of triplet excitons. Here, we present a reticular chemistry strategy that inhibits the resonance energy transfer of singlet excitons. Within a pillared layer metal–organic framework (MOF), pyrene-based singlet donors are situated perpendicular to porphyrin-based acceptors. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction enable direct visualization of the structural relationship between donor and acceptor (D–A) chromophores within the MOF. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that the structural and symmetry features of the MOF reduce the donor-to-acceptor singlet transfer efficiency to less than 36% compared to around 96% in the control sample, where the relative orientation of the donor and acceptor chromophores cannot be controlled. A strategy is designed to selectively block undesirable pathways in photophysical processes that consist of a mixture of Förster and Dexter energy transfer steps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong-Gwang Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julius J. Oppenheim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Fiankor C, Nyakuchena J, Khoo RSH, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yang S, Huang J, Zhang J. Symmetry-Guided Synthesis of N,N'-Bicarbazole and Porphyrin-Based Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks: Light Harvesting and Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20411-20418. [PMID: 34797665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, many attempts have been made to mimic the energy transfer (EnT) in photosynthesis, a key process occurring in nature that is of fundamental significance in solar fuels and sustainable energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous crystalline materials self-assembled from organic linkers and metal or metal cluster nodes, offer an ideal platform for the exploration of directional EnT phenomena. However, placing energy donor and acceptor moieties within the same framework with an atomistic precision appears to be a major synthesis challenge. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a highly porous and photoactive N,N'-bicarbazole- and porphyrin-based mixed-ligand MOF, namely, NPF-500-H2TCPP (NPF = Nebraska porous framework; H2TCPP = meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), where the secondary ligand H2TCPP is incorporated precisely through the open metal sites of the equatorial plane of the octahedron cage resulting from the underlying (4,8) connected network of NPF-500. The efficient EnT process from N,N'-bicarbazole to porphyrin in NPF-500-H2TCPP was captured by time-resolved spectroscopy and exemplified by photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole. These results demonstrate not only the capability of NPF-500 as the scaffold to precisely arrange the donor-acceptor assembly for the EnT process but also the potential to directly utilize the EnT process for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fiankor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James Nyakuchena
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rebecca Shu Hui Khoo
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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From a Well-Defined Organozinc Precursor to Diverse Luminescent Coordination Polymers Based on Zn(II)-Quinolinate Building Units Interconnected by Mixed Ligand Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237402. [PMID: 34885988 PMCID: PMC8658811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction of photoactive building blocks into mixed-ligand coordination polymers appears to be a promising way to produce new advanced luminescent materials. However, rational design and self-assembly of the multi-component supramolecular systems is challenging from both a conceptual and synthetic perspective. Here, we report exploratory studies that investigate the potential of [Zn(q)2]2[tBuZn(OH)]2 complex (q = deprotonated 8-hydroxyquinoline) as an organozinc precursor as well as a mixed-ligand synthetic strategy for the preparation of new luminescent coordination polymers (CPs). As a result we present three new 2D mixed-ligand Zn(II)-quinolinate coordination polymers which are based on various zinc quinolinate secondary building units interconnected by two different organic linker types, i.e., deprotonated 4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid (H2obc) as a flexible dicarboxylate linker and/or selected bipyridines (bipy). Remarkably, using the title organozinc precursors in a combination with H2obc and 4,4'-bipyridine, a novel molecular zinc quinolinate building unit, [Zn4(q)6(bipy)2(obc)2], was obtained which self-assembled into a chain-type hydrogen-bonded network. The application of the organometallic precursor allowed for its direct reaction with the selected ligands at ambient temperature, avoiding the use of both solvothermal conditions and additional base reagents. In turn, the reaction involving Zn(NO3)2, as a classical inorganic precursor, in a combination with H2obc and bipy led to a novel 1D coordination polymer [Zn2(q)2(NO3)2(bipy)]. While the presence of H2obc was essential for the formation of this coordination polymer, this ditopic linker was not incorporated into the isolated product, which indicates its templating behavior. The reported compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis as well as UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
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11
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Wang Z, Wang C. Excited State Energy Transfer in Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005819. [PMID: 33788309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excited state energy transfer in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great interest due to potential application of these materials in photocatalysis and fluorescence sensing. In photocatalysis, a light-harvesting antenna of MOFs can collect energy from a much larger area than a single reaction center and efficiently transport the energy to the active site to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, mimicking nature photosynthesis. In fluorescence sensing, excited state traveling on the framework can search for analyte quencher molecules to give amplified fluorescence quenching, so that one quencher turns off multiple excited states to enhance signal. Key to these designer performances is highly efficient energy transfer on these framework materials that are determined by types of excited states, dimension of the materials, and structure of the frameworks. Advancement of MOF synthetic chemistry provides new tools to control the rate and directionality of energy transfer in these materials, opening opportunities in manipulating excited states at an unprecedented level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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12
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Dashtian K, Shahbazi S, Tayebi M, Masoumi Z. A review on metal-organic frameworks photoelectrochemistry: A headlight for future applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Mukhopadhyay S, Shimoni R, Liberman I, Ifraemov R, Rozenberg I, Hod I. Assembly of a Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Membrane on a Solid Electrocatalyst: Introducing Molecular‐Level Control Over Heterogeneous CO
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Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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14
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Mukhopadhyay S, Shimoni R, Liberman I, Ifraemov R, Rozenberg I, Hod I. Assembly of a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Membrane on a Solid Electrocatalyst: Introducing Molecular-Level Control Over Heterogeneous CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13423-13429. [PMID: 33755294 PMCID: PMC8251703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically active Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been progressively recognized for their use in solar fuel production schemes. Typically, they are utilized as platforms for heterogeneous tethering of exceptionally large concentration of molecular electrocatalysts onto electrodes. Yet so far, the potential influence of their extraordinary chemical modularity on electrocatalysis has been overlooked. Herein, we demonstrate that, when assembled on a solid Ag CO2 reduction electrocatalyst, a non‐catalytic UiO‐66 MOF acts as a porous membrane that systematically tunes the active site's immediate chemical environment, leading to a drastic enhancement of electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. Electrochemical analysis shows that the MOF membrane improves catalytic performance through physical and electrostatic regulation of reactants delivery towards the catalytic sites. The MOF also stabilizes catalytic intermediates via modulation of active site's secondary coordination sphere. This concept can be expanded to a wide range of proton‐coupled electrochemical reactions, providing new means for precise, molecular‐level manipulation of heterogeneous solar fuels systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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15
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Rajasree SS, Li X, Deria P. Physical properties of porphyrin-based crystalline metal‒organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2021; 4:47. [PMID: 36697594 PMCID: PMC9814740 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal‒organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely studied molecular assemblies that have demonstrated promise for a range of potential applications. Given the unique and well-established photophysical and electrochemical properties of porphyrins, porphyrin-based MOFs are emerging as promising candidates for energy harvesting and conversion applications. Here we discuss the physical properties of porphyrin-based MOFs, highlighting the evolution of various optical and electronic features as a function of their modular framework structures and compositional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreehari Surendran Rajasree
- grid.411026.00000 0001 1090 2313Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL USA
| | - Xinlin Li
- grid.411026.00000 0001 1090 2313Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL USA
| | - Pravas Deria
- grid.411026.00000 0001 1090 2313Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL USA
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16
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Roy I, Goswami S, Young RM, Schlesinger I, Mian MR, Enciso AE, Zhang X, Hornick JE, Farha OK, Wasielewski MR, Hupp JT, Stoddart JF. Photon Upconversion in a Glowing Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5053-5059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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17
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Applications of reticular diversity in metal–organic frameworks: An ever-evolving state of the art. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Kaskel S. Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5010-5035. [PMID: 31989749 PMCID: PMC7984248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives have been widely explored for various applications owing to their excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties. However, inherent shortcomings, such as instability and self-quenching under physiological conditions, limit their biomedical applications. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received increasing attention. The construction of porphyrin-based MOFs by introducing porphyrin molecules into MOFs or using porphyrins as organic linkers to form MOFs can combine the unique features of porphyrins and MOFs as well as overcome the limitations of porphyrins. This Review summarizes important synthesis strategies for porphyrin-based MOFs including porphyrin@MOFs, porphyrinic MOFs, and composite porphyrinic MOFs, and highlights recent achievements and progress in the development of porphyrin-based MOFs for biomedical applications in tumor therapy and biosensing. Finally, the challenges and prospects presented by this class of emerging materials for biomedical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology516 Jungong RoadShanghai200093China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences1295 Dingxi RoadShanghai200050China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology516 Jungong RoadShanghai200093China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic MaterialsCollege of Chemical EngineeringHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangHubei438000China
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Professur für Anorganische Chemie IFachrichtung Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 66Dresden01062Germany
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19
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Kaskel S. Porphyrin‐basierte Metall‐organische Gerüste für biomedizinische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 516 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 516 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials College of Chemical Engineering Huanggang Normal University Huanggang Hubei 438000 China
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Professur für Anorganische Chemie I Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 Dresden 01062 Deutschland
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20
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di Nunzio MR, Caballero-Mancebo E, Cohen B, Douhal A. Photodynamical behaviour of MOFs and related composites: Relevance to emerging photon-based science and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Yu J, Anderson R, Li X, Xu W, Goswami S, Rajasree SS, Maindan K, Gómez-Gualdrón DA, Deria P. Improving Energy Transfer within Metal–Organic Frameworks by Aligning Linker Transition Dipoles along the Framework Axis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11192-11202. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Ryther Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xinlin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sreehari Surendran Rajasree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Karan Maindan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Diego A. Gómez-Gualdrón
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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22
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Liberman I, Shimoni R, Ifraemov R, Rozenberg I, Singh C, Hod I. Active-Site Modulation in an Fe-Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework through Ligand Axial Coordination: Accelerating Electrocatalysis and Charge-Transport Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1933-1940. [PMID: 31910614 PMCID: PMC7467674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The construction of artificial solar
fuel generating systems requires
the heterogenization of large quantities of catalytically active sites
on electrodes. In that sense, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
have been utilized to assemble unpreceded concentration of electrochemically
active molecular catalysts to drive energy-conversion electrocatalytic
reactions. However, despite recent advances in MOF-based electrocatalysis,
so far no attempt has been made to exploit their unique chemical modularity
in order to tailor the electrocatalytic function of MOF-anchored active
sites at the molecular level. Here, we show that the axial coordination
of electron-donating ligands to active MOF-installed Fe-porphyrins
dramatically alters their electronic properties, accelerating the
rates of both redox-based MOF conductivity and the electrocatalytic
oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, electrochemical characterizations
show that in multiple proton-coupled electron transfer reactions MOF-based
redox hopping is not the only factor that limits the overall electrocatalytic
rate. Hence, future efforts to enhance the efficiency of electrocatalytic
MOFs should also consider other important kinetic parameters such
as the rate of proton-associated chemical steps as well as mass-transport
rates of counterions, protons, and reactants toward catalytically
active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Chanderpratap Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
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23
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Mayer DC, Manzi A, Medishetty R, Winkler B, Schneider C, Kieslich G, Pöthig A, Feldmann J, Fischer RA. Controlling Multiphoton Absorption Efficiency by Chromophore Packing in Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11594-11602. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Mayer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aurora Manzi
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Winkler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Zhao X, Wang S, Zhang L, Liu S, Yuan G. 8-Hydroxyquinolinate-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Tunable Luminescent Properties, and Highly Sensitive Detection of Small Molecules and Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2444-2453. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Suya Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, P. R. China
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