1
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Yao J, Kim C, Nian Q, Kang W. Copper-Graphene Composite (CGC) Conductors: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Electrical Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403241. [PMID: 38984726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Improving the electrical performance of copper, the most widely used electrical conductor in the world is of vital importance to the progress of key technologies, including electric vehicles, portable devices, renewable energy, and power grids. Copper-graphene composite (CGC) stands out as the most promising candidate for high-performance electrical conductor applications. This can be attributed to the superior properties of graphene fillers embedded in CGC, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. This review highlights the recent progress of CGC conductors, including their fabrication processes, electrical performances, mechanisms of copper-graphene interplay, and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yao
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chunghwan Kim
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Qiong Nian
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wonmo Kang
- School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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2
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
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4
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Patra R, Mondal S, Sarma D. Thiol and thioether-based metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, structure, and multifaceted applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17623-17655. [PMID: 37961841 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are unique hybrid porous materials formed by combining metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. Thiol and thioether-based MOFs belong to a specific category of MOFs where one or many thiols or thioether groups are present in organic linkers. Depending on the linkers, thiol-thioether MOFs can be divided into three categories: (i) MOFs where both thiol or thioether groups are part of the carboxylic acid ligands, (ii) MOFs where only thiol or thioether groups are present in the organic linker, and (iii) MOFs where both thiol or thioether groups are part of azolate-containing linkers. MOFs containing thiol-thioether-based acid ligands are synthesized through two primary approaches; one is by utilizing thiol and thioether-based carboxylic acid ligands where the bonding pattern of ligands with metal ions plays a vital role in MOF formation (HSAB principle). MOFs synthesized by this approach can be structurally differentiated into two categories: structures without common structural motifs and structures with common structural motifs (related to UiO-66, UiO-67, UiO-68, MIL-53, NU-1100, etc.). The second approach to synthesize thiol and thioether-based MOFs is indirect methods, where thiol or thioether functionality is introduced in MOFs by techniques like post-synthetic modifications (PSM), post-synthetic exchange (PSE) and by forming composite materials. Generally, MOFs containing only thiol-thioether-based ligands are synthesized by interfacial assisted synthesis, forming two-dimensional sheet frameworks, and show significantly high conductivity. A limited study has been done on MOFs containing thiol-thioether-based azolate ligands where both nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality are present in the MOF frameworks. These materials exhibit intriguing properties stemming from the interplay between metal centres, organic ligands, and sulfur functionality. As a result, they offer great potential for multifaceted applications, ranging from catalysis, sensing, and conductivity, to adsorption. This perspective is organised through an introduction, schematic representations, and tabular data of the reported thiol and thioether MOFs and concluded with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
| | - Sumit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
| | - Debajit Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
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5
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Xu H, Liang N, Bai Z, Yang B, Chen D, Tang H. Design and Realization of Ni Clusters in MoS 2@Ni/RGO Catalysts for Alkaline Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:6658. [PMID: 37764434 PMCID: PMC10538220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their almost zero relative hydrogen atom adsorption-free energy, MoS2-based materials have received substantial study. However, their poor electronic conductivity and limited number of catalytic active sites hinder their widespread use in hydrogen evolution reactions. On the other hand, metal clusters offer numerous active sites. In this study, by loading Ni metal clusters on MoS2 and combining them with the better electrical conductivity of graphene, the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction was reduced from 165 mV to 92 mV at 10 mA·cm-2. This demonstrates that a successful method for effectively designing water decomposition is the use of synergistic interactions resulting from interfacial electron transfer between MoS2 and Ni metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Nannan Liang
- School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
- School of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhi Bai
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Dongmeng Chen
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Huaibao Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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6
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Burke DW, Dasari RR, Sangwan VK, Oanta AK, Hirani Z, Pelkowski CE, Tang Y, Li R, Ralph DC, Hersam MC, Barlow S, Marder SR, Dichtel WR. Synthesis, Hole Doping, and Electrical Properties of a Semiconducting Azatriangulene-Based Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) containing heterotriangulenes have been theoretically identified as semiconductors with tunable, Dirac-cone-like band structures, which are expected to afford high charge-carrier mobilities ideal for next-generation flexible electronics. However, few bulk syntheses of these materials have been reported, and existing synthetic methods provide limited control of network purity and morphology. Here, we report transimination reactions between benzophenone-imine-protected azatriangulenes (OTPA) and benzodithiophene dialdehydes (BDT), which afforded a new semiconducting COF network, OTPA-BDT. The COFs were prepared as both polycrystalline powders and thin films with controlled crystallite orientation. The azatriangulene nodes are readily oxidized to stable radical cations upon exposure to an appropriate p-type dopant, tris(4-bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate, after which the network's crystallinity and orientation are maintained. Oriented, hole-doped OTPA-BDT COF films exhibit electrical conductivities of up to 1.2 × 10-1 S cm-1, which are among the highest reported for imine-linked 2D COFs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raghunath R Dasari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander K Oanta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chloe E Pelkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruofan Li
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Salari M, Habibpour S, Hamidinejad M, Mohseni Taromsari S, Naguib HE, Yu A, Park CB. Enhanced electrical properties of microcellular polymer nanocomposites via nanocarbon geometrical alteration: a comparison of graphene nanoribbons and their parent multiwalled carbon nanotubes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1392-1405. [PMID: 36752062 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01303g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Geometric factors of nanofillers considerably govern the properties of conductive polymer composites (CPCs). This study provides insights into how geometrical alteration through nanotube-to-nanoribbon conversion affects the electrical properties of solid and microcellular CPCs. In this regard, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposites are synthesized using both the parent multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and its chemically unzipped product, i.e., graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Theoretical and experimental results show that GNR-based composites exhibit 1-4 orders greater conductivities than MWCNT-based composites at the same filler loading because of the larger number of filler-filler junctions as well as the significantly greater contact areas. On the other hand, the conductivities of MWCNT-based and GNR-based composites are significantly increased by 230 times and 121 times, respectively, through microcellular foaming. The effective rearrangements of rigid MWCNTs and flexible GNRs (having 4 and 5 orders less bending stiffness) for network formation during cellular growth are compared. The GNR-based composites also exhibit a superior dielectric permittivity (e.g., 2.6 times larger real permittivity at a representative frequency of 103 Hz and a nanofiller loading of 4.2 vol%) compared to their MWCNT-based counterparts. This study demonstrates how the modification of the carbon fillers and the polymer matrix can dramatically enhance EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Salari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Saeed Habibpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada.
| | - Sara Mohseni Taromsari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Aiping Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, M5S 3G8, Canada.
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8
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Huang WJ, Wang J. Development of 3D-Printed, Biodegradable, Conductive PGSA Composites for Nerve Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200470. [PMID: 36525352 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve conduits are used to reconnect broken nerve bundles and provide protection to facilitate nerve regeneration. However, the low degradation rate and regeneration rate, as well as the requirement for secondary surgery are some of the most criticized drawbacks of existing nerve conduits. With high processing flexibility from the photo-curability, poly (glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) is a promising material with tunable mechanical properties and biocompatibility for the development of medical devices. Here, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and graphene are embedded in biodegradable PGSA matrix. The polymer composites are then assessed for their electrical conductivity, biodegradability, three-dimensional-printability (3D-printability), and promotion of cell proliferation. Through the four-probe technique, it is shown that the PGSA composites are identified as highly conductive in swollen state. Furthermore, biodegradability is evaluated through enzymatic degradation and facilitated hydrolysis. Cell proliferation and guidance are significantly promoted by three-dimensional-printed microstructures and electrical stimulation on PGSA composites, especially on PGSA-PVP. Hence, microstructured nerve conduits are 3D-printed with PGSA-PVP. Guided cell growth and promoted proliferation are subsequently demonstrated by Schwann cell culture combined with electrical stimulation. Consequently, 3D-printed nerve conduits fabricated with PGSA composites hold great potential in nerve tissue regeneration through electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, ROC 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, ROC 30013, Taiwan
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9
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Cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for becoming the post-lithium-ion battery technology, which would require a high level of energy density across a variety of applications. An increasing amount of research has been conducted on LSBs over the past decade to develop fundamental understanding, modelling, and application-based control. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of LSB technology are discussed from a fundamental perspective. Then, the focus shifts to intermediate lithium polysulfide adsorption capacity and the challenges involved in improving LSBs by using alternative materials besides carbon for cathode construction. Attempted alternative materials include metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, MXenes, graphene, quantum dots, and metal organic frameworks. One critical issue is that polar material should be more favorable than non-polar carbonaceous materials in the aspect of intermediate lithium polysulfide species adsorption and suppress shuttle effect. It will be also presented that by preparing cathode with suitable materials and morphological structure, high-performance LSB can be obtained.
Graphical abstract
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10
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Joshi P, Yadav R, De Silva KKH, Hara M, Shibuya H, Motoyama Y, Yoshimura M. Dependence of Precursor Graphite Flake Size on Nitrogen Doping in Graphene Oxide and Its Effect on OER Catalytic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29287-29296. [PMID: 36033719 PMCID: PMC9404191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide, with 5.7-7.0 wt % nitrogen doping, from different sizes of precursor graphite and study its effect on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of IrO2 in an acidic medium. The nitrogen-doped supports are expected to have pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic functionalities at different ratios responsible for their improved performance. The N-doped supports and catalysts are synthesized via pyrolysis and the hydrothermal method using natural and synthetic graphite of three different flake sizes and evaluated for their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The average size of IrO2 nanoparticles deposited on the N-doped supports is independent of the flake size and doping amount of nitrogen. The catalysts show optimum current densities but improved stability with increasing flake sizes of 7, 20, and 125 μm. Our results demonstrate that the selection of the flake size of the doped support is necessary to achieve durable catalysts for the OER in an acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Joshi
- Surface
Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Rohit Yadav
- Surface
Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Hara
- Surface
Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Hayato Shibuya
- Catalytic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Motoyama
- Catalytic
Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yoshimura
- Surface
Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological
Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
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11
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Monastyreckis G, Stepura A, Soyka Y, Maltanava H, Poznyak SK, Omastová M, Aniskevich A, Zeleniakiene D. Strain Sensing Coatings for Large Composite Structures Based on 2D MXene Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072378. [PMID: 33805561 PMCID: PMC8037614 DOI: 10.3390/s21072378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Real-time strain monitoring of large composite structures such as wind turbine blades requires scalable, easily processable and lightweight sensors. In this study, a new type of strain-sensing coating based on 2D MXene nanoparticles was developed. A Ti3C2Tz MXene was prepared from Ti3AlC2 MAX phase using hydrochloric acid and lithium fluoride etching. Epoxy and glass fibre-reinforced composites were spray-coated using an MXene water solution. The morphology of the MXenes and the roughness of the substrate were characterised using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. MXene coatings were first investigated under various ambient conditions. The coating experienced no significant change in electrical resistance due to temperature variation but was responsive to the 301-365 nm UV spectrum. In addition, the coating adhesion properties, electrical resistance stability over time and sensitivity to roughness were also analysed in this study. The electromechanical response of the MXene coating was investigated under tensile loading and cyclic loading conditions. The gauge factor at a strain of 4% was 10.88. After 21,650 loading cycles, the MXene coating experienced a 16.25% increase in permanent resistance, but the response to loading was more stable. This work provides novel findings on electrical resistance sensitivity to roughness and electromechanical behaviour under cyclic loading, necessary for further development of MXene-based nanocoatings. The advantages of MXene coatings for large composite structures are processability, scalability, lightweight and adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Monastyreckis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Anastasiia Stepura
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (Y.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Yaryna Soyka
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (Y.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Hanna Maltanava
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (H.M.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Sergey K. Poznyak
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (H.M.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Mária Omastová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.S.); (Y.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Andrey Aniskevich
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Daiva Zeleniakiene
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Rizzi L, Wijaya AF, Palanisamy LV, Schuster J, Köhne M, Schulz SE. Quantifying the influence of graphene film nanostructure on the macroscopic electrical conductivity. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abb37a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene films have emerged as a promising nanostructured material class to exploit graphene's outstanding nanoscopic properties on the macroscale. Their potential applications include solar cells (Eda et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett.
92, 233305; Müllen et al 2008 Nano Lett.
8, 323–7), antennas (Zhang et al 2018 Electronics
7, 285; Song et al 2018 Carbon
130, 164–9), or electromagnetic interference shielding (Zhou et al 2017 Nanoscale
9, 18613–8; Wan et al 2017 Carbon
122, 74–81; Wang et al 2018 Small
14, 1704332), all of which require a high electrical conductivity. While an outstanding electrical conductivity is a key feature of pristine graphene monolayers, the transfer to the macroscale is challenging. Here, we combined theory and experiment to quantify the impact of specific structural graphene film properties. We synthesized graphene films with systematically varied flake sizes, studied their electrical conductivities, and found excellent agreement to simulations with a three-dimensional random resistor network model. In a further percolation-type study, we computed the critical share of non-conductive elements in a graphene film θ
c = 10% where a substantial loss of electrical conductivity occurs. We prepared mixed films from graphene and graphene oxide to validate the threshold experimentally. In combination, experiments and simulations provide a coherent picture of how the graphene film microstructure is related to the macroscopic electrical conductivity (Rizzi et al 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
10 43088–94; Rizzi et al 2019 Comput. Mater. Sci.
161, 364–70). Our findings provide valuable insights for the production of highly conductive graphene-based macro-materials.
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13
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Ren S, Meng L, Ma W, Lin S, Yang W, Lan J, Jia X, Cai Q, Yang X. Enhancing overall properties of epoxy-based composites using polydopamine-coated edge-carboxylated graphene prepared via one-step high-pressure ball milling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21726-21737. [PMID: 31372612 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene (GN) nanofillers have been widely used to enhance the overall performance of polymer composites due to their various superior properties, which strongly rely on the uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding of GN with high-quality polymer matrices. In the present study, the strengthening and functional effects of polydopamine-coated edge-carboxylated graphene (p-ECG) on the mechanical, moisture-barrier and electromagnetic properties of epoxy (EP)-based composites were systematically evaluated. p-ECG was successfully prepared via one-step high-pressure ball milling through the edge-selective functionalization and exfoliation of pristine graphite in the presence of dry ice, followed by synchronous reduction and coating via the mild oxidative polymerization of mussel-inspired dopamine. p-ECG showed prominent advantages of a small sheet size, excellent dispersibility and high chemical reactivity in the EP matrix. Obvious enhancements were achieved in the tensile and flexural properties and moisture-barrier performance of EP composites as well as the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of carbon fiber (CF)/EP composites, which confirmed the excellent dispersion and chemically strengthened interfacial bonding of p-ECG in the EP matrix. More importantly, p-ECG introduced onto the surface of desized CF led to significant enhancement in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capability of CF/EP composites, which was primarily ascribed to the polarization relaxation effect induced by the defects and functional groups in p-ECG as well as the increase in electrical conductivity derived from the "bridging effect" of p-ECG. Specifically, with p-ECG content of 0.5 wt%, the increments in tensile strength, TFBT strength, shielding effectiveness (total, SET) and shielding effectiveness (reflection loss, SER) were as high as 33.3, 34.3, 31.3 and 71.0%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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