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Chen X, Luo Y, Chen Y, Li S, Deng S, Wang B, Zhang Q, Li X, Li X, Wang C, He J, Tian H, Shao J. Biomimetic Contact Behavior Inspired Tactile Sensing Array with Programmable Microdomes Pattern by Scalable and Consistent Fabrication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2408082. [PMID: 39319637 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202408082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensor arrays have attracted extensive attention in human-computer interaction. However, realizing high-performance sensor units with programmable properties, and expanding them to multi-pixel flexible arrays to maintain high sensing consistency is still struggling. Inspired by the contact behavior of octopus antenna, this paper proposes a programmable multistage dome structure-based flexible sensing array with robust sensing stability and high array consistency. The biomimetic multistage dome structure is pressurized to gradually contact the electrode to achieve high sensitivity and a large pressure range. By adjusting the arrangement of the multistage dome structure, the pressure range and sensitivity can be customized. More importantly, this biomimetic structure can be expanded to a multi-pixel sensor array at the wafer level with high consistency through scalable and high-precision imprinting technologies. In the imprinting process, the conductive layer is conformally embedded into the multistage dome structure to improve the stability (maintain stability over 22 000 cycles). In addition, the braced isolation structure is designed to effectively improve the anti-crosstalk performance of the sensor array (crosstalk coefficient: 26.62 dB). Benefitting from the programmable structural design and high-precision manufacturing process, the sensor array can be customized and is demonstrated to detect human musculation in medical rehabilitation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shizheng Deng
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiangmeng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030051, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier science and technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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Shahbazi M, Jäger H, Huc-Mathis D, Asghartabar Kashi P, Ettelaie R, Sarkar A, Chen J. Depletion Flocculation of High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsion Inks: A Colloidal Engineering Approach to Develop 3D Printed Porous Scaffolds with Tunable Bioactive Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43430-43450. [PMID: 39110913 PMCID: PMC11345728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Flocculation is a type of aggregation where the surfaces of approaching droplets are still at distances no closer than a few nanometers while still remaining in close proximity. In a high internal-phase oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, the state of flocculation affects the bulk flow behavior and viscoelasticity, which can consequently control the three-dimensional (3D)-printing process and printing performance. Herein, we present the assembly of O/W Pickering high-internal-phase emulsions (Pickering-HIPEs) as printing inks and demonstrate how depletion flocculation in such Pickering-HIPE inks can be used as a facile colloidal engineering approach to tailor a porous 3D structure suitable for drug delivery. Pickering-HIPEs were prepared using different levels of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), co-stabilized using "raw" submicrometer-sized sustainable particles from a biomass-processing byproduct. In the presence of this sustainable particle, the higher CNC contents facilitated particle-induced depletion flocculation, which led to the formation of a mechanically robust gel-like ink system. Nonetheless, the presence of adsorbed particles on the surface of droplets ensured their stability against coalescence, even in such a highly aggregated system. The gel structures resulting from the depletion phenomenon enabled the creation of high-performance printed objects with tunable porosity, which can be precisely controlled at two distinct levels: first, by introducing voids within the internal structure of filaments, and second, by generating cavities (pore structures) through the elimination of the water phase. In addition to printing efficacy, the HIPEs could be applied for curcumin delivery, and in vitro release kinetics demonstrated that the porous 3D scaffolds engineered for the first time using depletion-flocculated HIPE inks played an important role in 3D scaffold disintegration and curcumin release. Thus, this study offers a unique colloidal engineering approach of using depletion flocculation to template 3D printing of sustainable inks to generate next-generation porous scaffolds for personalized drug deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyar Shahbazi
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute
of Food Technology, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Delphine Huc-Mathis
- Université
Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Peyman Asghartabar Kashi
- Faculty
of Biosystem, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Tehran University, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Rammile Ettelaie
- Food
Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food
Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Food
Oral Processing Laboratory, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Luo H, Chen X, Li S, Xu J, Li X, Tian H, Wang C, Li B, Zhang M, Sun B, He J, Shao J. Bioinspired Suspended Sensing Membrane Array with Modulable Wedged-Conductive Channels for Crosstalk-Free and High-Resolution Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403645. [PMID: 38720473 PMCID: PMC11267273 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
High spatial-resolution detection is essential for biomedical applications and human-machine interaction. However, as the sensor array density increases, the miniaturization will lead to interference between adjacent units and deterioration in sensing performance. Here, inspired by the cochlea's sensing structure, a high-density flexible pressure sensor array featuring with suspended sensing membrane with sensitivity-enhanced customized channels is presented for crosstalk-free and high-resolution detection. By imitating the basilar membrane attached to spiral ligaments, a sensing membrane is fixed onto a high-stiffness substrate with cavities, forming a stable braced isolation to provide an excellent crosstalk-free capability (crosstalk coefficient: 47.24 dB) with high-density integration (100 units within 1 cm2). Similar to the opening of ion channels in hair cells, the wedge-type expansion of the embedded cracks introduced by stress concentration structures enables a high sensitivity (0.19 kPa-1) and a large measuring range (400 kPa). Finally, it demonstrates promising applications in distributed displays and the condition monitoring of medical-surgical intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Manman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Bai Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Juan He
- Department of RehabilitationFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710061China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- Department of RehabilitationFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710061China
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Zhang M, Shi Y, Ge H, Sun G, Lian Z, Lu Y. High-Performance Four-Channel Tactile Sensor for Measuring the Magnitude and Orientation of Forces. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2808. [PMID: 38732914 PMCID: PMC11086079 DOI: 10.3390/s24092808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have gained popularity in recent years. This study proposes a novel structure of a resistive four-channel tactile sensor capable of distinguishing the magnitude and direction of normal forces acting on its sensing surface. The sensor uses EcoflexTM00-30 as the substrate and EGaIn alloy as the conductive filler, featuring four mutually perpendicular and curved channels to enhance the sensor's dynamic responsiveness. Experiments and simulations show that the sensor has a large dynamic range (31.25-100 mΩ), high precision (deviation of repeated pressing below 0.1%), linearity (R2 above 0.97), fast response/recovery time (0.2 s/0.15 s), and robust stability (with fluctuations below 0.9%). This work uses an underactuated robotic hand equipped with a four-channel tactile sensor to grasp various objects. The sensor data collected effectively predicts the shapes of the objects grasped. Furthermore, the four-channel tactile sensor proposed in this work may be employed in smart wearables, medical diagnostics, and other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150001, China; (M.Z.); (H.G.); (G.S.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Ouyang Q, Yao C, Chen H, Song L, Zhang T, Chen D, Yang L, Chen M, Chen HJ, Peng Z, Xie X. Machine learning-coupled tactile recognition with high spatiotemporal resolution based on cross-striped nanocarbon piezoresistive sensor array. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115873. [PMID: 38071853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensor arrays have been playing important roles in various applications of human-machine interface, including robotic tactile sensing, electronic skin, prosthetics, and human-machine interaction. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve high spatial and temporal resolution in developing pressure sensor arrays for tactile sensing with robust function to achieve precise signal recognition. This work presents the development of a flexible high spatiotemporal piezoresistive sensor array (PRSA) by coupling with machine learning algorithms to enhance tactile recognition. The sensor employs cross-striped nanocarbon-polymer composite as an active layer, though screen printing manufacture processes. A miniaturized signal readout circuit and transmission board is developed to achieve high-speed acquisition of distributed pressure signals from the PRSA. Test results indicate that the developed PRSA platform simultaneously possesses the characteristics of high spatial resolution up to 1.5 mm, fast temporal resolution of about 5 ms, and long-term durability with a variation of less than 2%. The PRSA platform also exhibits excellent performance in real-time visualization of multi-point touch, mapping embossed shapes, and tracking motion trajectory. To test the performance of PRSA in recognizing different shapes, we acquired pressure images by pressing the finger-type device coated with PRSA film on different embossed shapes and implementing the T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding model to visualize the distinction between images of different shapes. Then we adopted a one-layer neural network to quantify the discernibility between images of different shapes. The analysis results show that the PRSA could capture the embossed shapes clearly by one contact with high discernibility up to 98.9%. Collectively, the PRSA as a promising platform demonstrates its promising potential for robotic tactile sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Ouyang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Chuanjie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Houhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liping Song
- Changzhou RouXi Electronics Technology Co.,Ltd, Changzhou, 213032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- School of Automation, C-IMER, CICAEET, B-DAT, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lidong Yang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mojun Chen
- Smart Manufacturing Thrust, Systems Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xi Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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6
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Kim SW, Lee JH, Ko HJ, Lee S, Bae GY, Kim D, Lee G, Lee SG, Cho K. Mechanically Robust and Linearly Sensitive Soft Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for a Wearable Human-Robot Interaction System. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3151-3160. [PMID: 38235650 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Soft piezoresistive pressure sensors play an underpinning role in enabling a plethora of future Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as human-robot interaction (HRI) technologies, wearable devices, and metaverse ecosystems. Despite significant attempts to enhance the performance of these sensors, existing sensors still fall short of achieving high strain tolerance and linearity simultaneously. Herein, we present a low-cost, facile, and scalable approach to fabricating a highly strain-tolerant and linearly sensitive soft piezoresistive pressure sensor. Our design utilizes thin nanocracked gold films (NC-GFs) deposited on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as electrodes of the sensor. The large mismatch stress between gold (Au) and PDMS induces the formation of secondary wrinkles along the pyramidal-structured electrode under pressure; these wrinkles function as protuberances on the electrode and enable exceptional linear sensitivity of 4.2 kPa-1 over a wide pressure range. Additionally, our pressure sensor can maintain its performance even after severe mechanical deformations, including repeated stretching up to 30% strain, due to the outstanding strain tolerance of NC-GF. Our sensor's impressive sensing performance and mechanical robustness make it suitable for diverse IoT applications, as demonstrated by its use in wearable pulse monitoring devices and human-robot interaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Ko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Geun Yeol Bae
- Department of Materials Design Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Daegun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Yu R, Yang X, Zhao X, Huang W. Self-Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on a Silicone Rubber Foam Skeleton for Durable Piezoresistive Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44248-44258. [PMID: 37672639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Conductive nanomaterial/flexible polymer composite foams are of great interest in the field of flexible and wearable piezoresistive pressure sensors. However, the existing composite foam sensors are faced with stability issues from conductive nanomaterials, which tends to decrease their long-term durability. Herein, we developed a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy, which could significantly improve the stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a silicone rubber foam skeleton. The process for self-assembly of MWCNTs was straightforward. Aqueous MWCNT dispersion droplets were first hierarchically enclosed in silicone rubber via water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Then, the high pressure generated by fast evaporation of the solvent from the droplets could break the thinnest pore walls to form interconnected pores. As a result, very dense and firm MWCNT layers were self-assembled on the pore wall surface. Due to the excellent stability of MWCNTs and tetramodal interconnected porosity, our MWCNTs/silicone rubber composite foam showed the following "super" properties: low density of 0.26 g/mL, high porosity of 76%, and excellent mechanical strength (the maximum stress loss of 8.3% at 80% strain after 100 compression cycles). In addition, excellent piezoresistive performance, including superior discernibility for different amplitudes of compressive strain (up to 80%), rapid response time (150 ms), and high sensitivity (gauge factor of 1.44), was demonstrated for such foams, together with prominent durability (39,000 compression cycles at 60% strain in air) and excellent stability of resistance response in water and organic solvents (5000 compression cycles at 30% strain in water and ethanol). Regarding its application, a wearable piezoresistive sensor, which was assembled from the as-prepared conductive silicone rubber composite foam, could capture various movements from tiptoeing and finger bending to small deformations resulting from human pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Hightech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhao Y, Qi H, Dong X, Yang Y, Zhai W. Customizable Resilient Multifunctional Graphene Aerogels via Blend-spinning assisted Freeze Casting. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15615-15628. [PMID: 37540788 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene aerogels have gained considerable attention due to their unique physical properties, but their poor mechanical properties and lack of functionality have hindered their advanced applications. In this study, we propose a blend-spinning-assisted freeze-casting (BSFC) strategy to incorporate particle-modified carbon fibers into graphene aerogels for mechanical strengthening and functional enhancement. This method offers a great deal of freedom in the creation of customizable multimaterial, multiscale structural graphene aerogels. For example, we fabricated silicon carbide particle modified carbon fiber reinforced graphene (SiC/CF-GA) aerogels. The resulting aerogels display excellent properties such as being ultralightweight and highly resilient and having fatigue compression resistance (1000 cycles at 50% strain). Meanwhile, enhanced resilience inspired the effective strain-sensing capabilities of SiC/CF-GA aerogels with a sensitivity of 13.8 kPa-1. The adjustable dielectric properties due to SiC particle incorporation endow the SiC/CF-GA aerogel with a broad-band (8.0 GHz) effective electromagnetic wave attenuation performance. Besides, different particles could be incorporated into graphene aerogels via the BSFC strategy, allowing for customizable designs. Moreover, multifunctionalities were demonstrated by the modified aerogels, including noise absorption, thermal insulation, fire resistance, and waterproofing, further diversifying their practicality. Hence, the BSFC strategy provides a customized solution for fabricating modified graphene aerogels for advanced functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haobo Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Zhao X, Zhao S, Zhang X, Su Z. Recent progress in flexible pressure sensors based on multiple microstructures: from design to application. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5111-5138. [PMID: 36852534 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) have been widely studied in the fields of wearable medical monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their high flexibility, light weight, sensitivity, and easy integration. To better meet these application requirements, key sensing properties such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, pressure detection limits, response/recovery time, and durability need to be effectively improved. Therefore, researchers have extensively and profoundly researched and innovated on the structure of sensors, and various microstructures have been designed and applied to effectively improve the sensing performance of sensors. Compared with single microstructures, multiple microstructures (MMSs) (including hierarchical, multi-layered and hybrid microstructures) can improve the sensing performance of sensors to a greater extent. This paper reviews the recent research progress in the design and application of FPSs with MMSs and systematically summarizes the types, sensing mechanisms, and preparation methods of MMSs. In addition, we summarize the applications of FPSs with MMSs in the fields of human motion detection, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Finally, we provide an outlook on the prospects and challenges for the development of FPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Shujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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Chen X, Zhang D, Luan H, Yang C, Yan W, Liu W. Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on Molybdenum Disulfide/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Polyurethane Sponge for Motion Detection and Speech Recognition Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2043-2053. [PMID: 36571453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with excellent performance have broad application potential in wearable devices, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction. In this paper, a flexible pressure sensor with a porous structure is proposed by coating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) on a polyurethane (PU) sponge skeleton. The obtained sensor has excellent sensitivity (0.746 kPa-1), a wide detection range (250 kPa), fast response (120 ms), and outstanding repeatability over 2000 cycles. It is proven that the sensor can realize human motion detection and distinguish the touch of varying strength. In addition, a pressure sensing array was fabricated to reflect the pressure distribution and recognize the writing of Arabic numerals. Finally, the sensor performs speech detection through throat muscle movements, and high-accuracy (97.14%) speech recognition for seven words was achieved by a machine learning algorithm based on the support vector machine (SVM). This work provides an opportunity to fabricate simple flexible pressure sensors with potential applications in next-generation electronic skin, health detection, and intelligent robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Chen
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Huixin Luan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weiyu Yan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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11
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Duan Y, Wu J, He S, Su B, Li Z, Wang Y. Bioinspired Spinosum Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on CNT/PDMS Nanocomposites for Broad Range and High Sensitivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3265. [PMID: 36234394 PMCID: PMC9565558 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have garnered much attention recently owing to their prospective applications in fields such as structural health monitoring. Capacitive pressure sensors have been extensively researched due to their exceptional features, such as a simple structure, strong repeatability, minimal loss and temperature independence. Inspired by the skin epidermis, we report a high-sensitivity flexible capacitive pressure sensor with a broad detection range comprising a bioinspired spinosum dielectric layer. Using an abrasive paper template, the bioinspired spinosum was fabricated using carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS) composites. It was observed that nanocomposites comprising 1 wt% CNTs had excellent sensing properties. These capacitive pressure sensors allowed them to function at a wider pressure range (~500 kPa) while maintaining sensitivity (0.25 kPa-1) in the range of 0-50 kPa, a quick response time of approximately 20 ms and a high stability even after 10,000 loading-unloading cycles. Finally, a capacitive pressure sensor array was created to detect the deformation of tires, which provides a fresh approach to achieving intelligent tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shixue He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Benlong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Center for Rubber Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
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12
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Vimala A, Vandrangi SK. Development of porous materials based resistance pressure sensors and their biomedical applications: a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allam Vimala
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Vandrangi
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Bae K, Kim M, Kang Y, Sim S, Kim W, Pyo S, Kim J. Dual-Scale Porous Composite for Tactile Sensor with High Sensitivity over an Ultrawide Sensing Range. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203193. [PMID: 35971192 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous structures have been utilized in tactile sensors to improve sensitivity owing to their excellent deformability. Recently, tactile sensors using porous structures have been used in practical applications, such as bio-signal monitoring. However, highly sensitive responses are limited to the low-pressure range, and their sensitivity significantly decreases in a higher-pressure range. Several approaches for developing tactile sensors with high sensitivity overing a wide pressure range have been proposed; however, achieving high sensitivity and wide sensing range remains a crucial challenge. This report presents a carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated CNT-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite having dual-scale pores for tactile sensors with high sensitivity over a wide pressure range. The porous polymer frame formed with dense pores of dual sizes facilitates the closure of large and small pores at low and high pressures, respectively. This results in an apparent increase in the number of contact points between the CNT-CNT at the pores even under a wide pressure range. Furthermore, the piezoresistivity of the CNT-PDMS composite contributes to achieving a high sensitivity of the tactile sensor over a wide pressure range. Based on these mechanisms, various human movements over a broad pressure spectrum are monitored to investigate the practical usefulness of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubin Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsung Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Sim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wondo Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Pyo
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Recent Progress in Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142495. [PMID: 35889718 PMCID: PMC9319019 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors that can maintain their pressure sensing ability with arbitrary deformation play an essential role in a wide range of applications, such as aerospace, prosthetics, robotics, healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and electronic skin. Flexible pressure sensors with diverse conversion principles and structural designs have been extensively studied. At present, with the development of 5G and the Internet of Things, there is a huge demand for flexible pressure sensor arrays with high resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we present a brief description of the present flexible pressure sensor arrays with different transduction mechanisms from design to fabrication. Next, we discuss the latest progress of flexible pressure sensor arrays for applications in human–machine interfaces, healthcare, and aerospace. These arrays can monitor the spatial pressure and map the trajectory with high resolution and rapid response beyond human perception. Finally, the outlook of the future and the existing problems of pressure sensor arrays are presented.
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15
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Shi Z, Meng L, Shi X, Li H, Zhang J, Sun Q, Liu X, Chen J, Liu S. Morphological Engineering of Sensing Materials for Flexible Pressure Sensors and Artificial Intelligence Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:141. [PMID: 35789444 PMCID: PMC9256895 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Various morphological structures in pressure sensors with the resulting advanced sensing properties are reviewed comprehensively. Relevant manufacturing techniques and intelligent applications of pressure sensors are summarized in a complete and interesting way. Future challenges and perspectives of flexible pressure sensors are critically discussed. As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics, flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring, human –machine interaction, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and other fields. In recent years, highly flexible and wearable pressure sensors have been developed using various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms. Morphological engineering of sensing materials at the nanometer and micrometer scales is crucial to obtaining superior sensor performance. This review focuses on the rapid development of morphological engineering technologies for flexible pressure sensors. We discuss different architectures and morphological designs of sensing materials to achieve high performance, including high sensitivity, broad working range, stable sensing, low hysteresis, high transparency, and directional or selective sensing. Additionally, the general fabrication techniques are summarized, including self-assembly, patterning, and auxiliary synthesis methods. Furthermore, we present the emerging applications of high-performing microengineered pressure sensors in healthcare, smart homes, digital sports, security monitoring, and machine learning-enabled computational sensing platform. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of pressure sensors are discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 352001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Juzhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Yuan Y, Solin N. Protein-Based Flexible Conductive Aerogels for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3360-3370. [PMID: 35694974 PMCID: PMC9297298 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gelatin is an excellent
gelling agent and is widely employed for
hydrogel formation. Because of the poor mechanical properties of gelatin
when dry, gelatin-aerogels are comparatively rare. Herein we demonstrate
that protein nanofibrils can be employed to improve the mechanical
properties of gelatin aerogels, and the materials can moreover be
functionalized with a an electrically conductive polyelectrolyte resulting
in formation of an elastic electrically conductive aerogel that can
be employed as a piezoresistive pressure sensor. The aerogel sensor
shows a good linear relationship in a wide pressure range (1.8–300
kPa) with a sensitivity of 1.8 kPa–1. This work
presents a convenient way to produce electrically conductive elastic
aerogels from low-cost protein precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Solin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Ha KH, Huh H, Li Z, Lu N. Soft Capacitive Pressure Sensors: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3442-3448. [PMID: 35262335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soft pressure sensors are critical components of e-skins, which are playing an increasingly significant role in two burgeoning fields: soft robotics and bioelectronics. Capacitive pressure sensors (CPS) are popular given their mechanical flexibility, high sensitivity, and signal stability. After two decades of rapid development, e-skins based on soft CPS are able to achieve human-skin-like softness and sensitivity. However, there remain two major roadblocks in the way for practical application of soft CPS: the decay of sensitivity with increased pressure and the coupled response between in-plane stretch and out-of-plane pressure. In addition to existing strategies of building porous and/or high dielectric constant soft dielectrics, are there any other promising methods to overcome those bottlenecks? Are there any further considerations for the widespread deployment of e-skins? This perspective aims to shed some light on those topics.
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18
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Ha KH, Zhang W, Jang H, Kang S, Wang L, Tan P, Hwang H, Lu N. Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensors over a Wide Pressure Range Enabled by the Hybrid Responses of a Highly Porous Nanocomposite. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103320. [PMID: 34569100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Past research aimed at increasing the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors has mostly focused on developing dielectric layers with surface/porous structures or higher dielectric constants. However, such strategies have only been effective in improving sensitivities at low pressure ranges (e.g., up to 3 kPa). To overcome this well-known obstacle, herein, a flexible hybrid-response pressure sensor (HRPS) composed of an electrically conductive porous nanocomposite (PNC) laminated with an ultrathin dielectric layer is devised. Using a nickel foam template, the PNC is fabricated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-doped Ecoflex to be 86% porous and electrically conductive. The PNC exhibits hybrid piezoresistive and piezocapacitive responses, resulting in significantly enhanced sensitivities (i.e., more than 400%) over wide pressure ranges, from 3.13 kPa-1 within 0-1 kPa to 0.43 kPa-1 within 30-50 kPa. The effect of the hybrid responses is differentiated from the effect of porosity or high dielectric constants by comparing the HRPS with its purely piezocapacitive counterparts. Fundamental understanding of the HRPS and the prediction of optimal CNT doping are achieved through simplified analytical models. The HRPS is able to measure pressures from as subtle as the temporal arterial pulse to as large as footsteps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hongwoo Jang
- Texas Material Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hochul Hwang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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19
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Mudassir MA, Aslam HZ, Ansari TM, Zhang H, Hussain I. Fundamentals and Design-Led Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Porous Materials for Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102540. [PMID: 34553500 PMCID: PMC8596121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion templating is at the forefront of producing a wide array of porous materials that offers interconnected porous structure, easy permeability, homogeneous flow-through, high diffusion rates, convective mass transfer, and direct accessibility to interact with atoms/ions/molecules throughout the exterior and interior of the bulk. These interesting features together with easily available ingredients, facile preparation methods, flexible pore-size tuning protocols, controlled surface modification strategies, good physicochemical and dimensional stability, lightweight, convenient processing and subsequent recovery, superior pollutants remediation/monitoring performance, and decent recyclability underscore the benchmark potential of the emulsion-templated porous materials in large-scale practical environmental applications. To this end, many research breakthroughs in emulsion templating technique witnessed by the recent achievements have been widely unfolded and currently being extensively explored to address many of the environmental challenges. Taking into account the burgeoning progress of the emulsion-templated porous materials in the environmental field, this review article provides a conceptual overview of emulsions and emulsion templating technique, sums up the general procedures to design and fabricate many state-of-the-art emulsion-templated porous materials, and presents a critical overview of their marked momentum in adsorption, separation, disinfection, catalysis/degradation, capture, and sensing of the inorganic, organic and biological contaminants in water and air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT)Rahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hafiz Zohaib Aslam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
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20
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Pyo S, Lee J, Bae K, Sim S, Kim J. Recent Progress in Flexible Tactile Sensors for Human-Interactive Systems: From Sensors to Advanced Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005902. [PMID: 33887803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors capable of measuring mechanical stimuli via physical contact have attracted significant attention in the field of human-interactive systems. The utilization of tactile information can complement vision and/or sound interaction and provide new functionalities. Recent advancements in micro/nanotechnology, material science, and information technology have resulted in the development of high-performance tactile sensors that reach and even surpass the tactile sensing ability of human skin. Here, important advances in flexible tactile sensors over recent years are summarized, from sensor designs to system-level applications. This review focuses on the representative strategies based on design and material configurations for improving key performance parameters including sensitivity, detection range/linearity, response time/hysteresis, spatial resolution/crosstalk, multidirectional force detection, and insensitivity to other stimuli. System-level integration for practical applications beyond conceptual prototypes and promising applications, such as artificial electronic skin for robotics and prosthetics, wearable controllers for electronics, and bidirectional communication tools, are also discussed. Finally, perspectives on issues regarding further advances are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonjae Pyo
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubin Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Sim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Mudassir MA, Hussain SZ, Kousar S, Zhang H, Ansari TM, Hussain I. Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine-Tethered Multiple Emulsion-Templated Hierarchically Macroporous Poly(acrylic acid)-Al 2O 3 Nanocomposite Beads for Water Purification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27400-27410. [PMID: 34081850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion template-guided strategy has been used to produce porous architectures with exquisite structure, tailored morphology, and exclusive features for ubiquitous applications. Notwithstanding, the practical water remediation is often marred by their transport-limited behavior and fragility. To circumvent these conundrums, we prepared hierarchically porous poly(acrylic acid)-alumina nanocomposite beads by solidifying the droplets of emulsions jointly stabilized by the organic surfactants and alumina nanoparticles. By virtue of their positive charge, the alumina nanoparticles got entrapped within the poly(acrylic acid) scaffolds that excluded the risk of secondary contamination typically observed with conventional nanocomposites. Being amenable to surface modification, the carboxyl moieties of the beaded polymer were further exploited to covalently tether branched polyethylenimine throughout the exterior and interior surface of the porous matrix via a grafting-to approach. The macropores expedite an active fluid flow and easier adsorbate transport throughout the functionalized nanocomposites whose overall higher density of positive charge over a certain pH range electrostatically attracts and effectively adsorbs the negatively charged Cr(VI) complexes and anionic congo red ions/molecules from water. This proof-of-concept synthetic approach and postsynthetic modification offer an improved mechanical robustness to these macrosized multifunctional nanocomposite beads for their easier processing, thereby paving the way for the point-of-use water purification technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Kousar
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
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22
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Ni N, Xue X, Li D. Extra-Soft Tactile Sensor for Sensitive Force/Displacement Measurement with High Linearity Based on a Uniform Strength Beam. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071743. [PMID: 33916249 PMCID: PMC8037311 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The soft sensing system has drawn huge enthusiasm for the application of soft robots and healthcare recently. Most of them possess thin-film structures that are beneficial to monitoring strain and pressure, but are unfavorable for measuring normal displacement with high linearity. Here we propose soft tactile sensors based on uniform-strength cantilever beams that can be utilized to measure the normal displacement and force of soft objects simultaneously. First, the theoretical model of the sensors is constructed, on the basis of which, the sensors are fabricated for testing their sensing characteristics. Next, the test results validate the constructed model, and demonstrate that the sensors can measure the force as well as the displacement. Besides, the self-fabricated sensor can have such prominent superiorities as follows—it is ultra-soft, and its equivalent stiffness is only 0.31 N·m−1 (approximately 0.4% of fat); it has prominent sensing performance with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999), high sensitivity of 0.533 pF·mm−1 and 1.66 pF·mN−1 for measuring displacement and force; its detection limit is as low as 70 μm and 20 μN that is only one-tenth of the touch of a female fingertip. The presented sensor highlights a new idea for measuring the force and displacement of the soft objects with broad application prospects in mechanical and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ni
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-1739-2778-635 (D.L.)
| | - Dongbo Li
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China;
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-1739-2778-635 (D.L.)
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23
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Bae K, Jeong J, Choi J, Pyo S, Kim J. Large-Area, Crosstalk-Free, Flexible Tactile Sensor Matrix Pixelated by Mesh Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12259-12267. [PMID: 33683114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensor arrays have attracted considerable attention for their use in diverse applications, such as advanced robotics and interactive human-machine interfaces. However, conventional tactile sensor arrays suffer from electrical crosstalk caused by current leakages between the tactile cells. The approaches that have been proposed thus far to overcome this issue require complex rectifier circuits or a serial fabrication process. This article reports a flexible tactile sensor array fabricated through a batch process using a mesh. A carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite is used to form an array of sensing cells in the mesh through a simple "dip-coating" process and is cured into a concave shape. The contact area between the electrode and the composite changes significantly under pressure, resulting in an excellent sensitivity (5.61 kPa-1) over a wide range of pressure up to 600 kPa. The mesh separates the composite into the arranged sensing cells to prevent the electrical connection between adjacent cells and simultaneously connects each cell mechanically. Additionally, the sensor shows superior durability compared with previously reported tactile sensors because the mesh acts as a support beam. Furthermore, the tactile sensor array is successfully utilized as a Braille reader via information processing based on machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubin Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongeun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Pyo
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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24
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PolyHIPE foams from pristine graphene: Strong, porous, and electrically conductive materials templated by a 2D surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:700-708. [PMID: 32712476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is attractive as a functional 2D surfactant for polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) due to its remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. We have developed polyHIPEs stabilized by pristine, unoxidized graphene via the spontaneous exfoliation of graphite at high-energy aqueous/organic interfaces. The exfoliated graphene self-assembles into a percolating network and incorporates into the polyHIPE cell walls as verified by TEM. The resulting composites showed compressive strengths of 7.0 MPa at densities of 0.22 g/cm3 and conductivities up to 0.36 S/m. Systematically reducing the concentration of monomer in the oil phase by dilution with a porogenic-acting solvent increased the porosity and lowered the density of the polyHIPEs. Characterization of these composites indicated that graphene's high compressive strength and modulus was transferred to the polyHIPEs and provided mechanical reinforcement even at low polymer content. SEM showed that the morphology of the polymer changed with decreasing monomer content while the graphene lined cells retained their shape. Moreover, we show that the polyHIPEs contain a continuous graphene percolating network resulting in electrically conductive materials at low graphene loading.
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25
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Mokadem Z, Saidi-Besbes S, Lebaz N, Elaissari A. Magnetic monolithic polymers prepared from high internal phase emulsions and Fe3O4 triazole-functionalized nanoparticles for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Ji B, Zhou Q, Wu J, Gao Y, Wen W, Zhou B. Synergistic Optimization toward the Sensitivity and Linearity of Flexible Pressure Sensor via Double Conductive Layer and Porous Microdome Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31021-31035. [PMID: 32516533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable pressure sensors have attracted considerable interest in various fields such as healthcare monitoring, intelligent robots, etc. Although artificial structures or conductive materials have been well developed, the trade-off between sensitivity and linearity of pressure sensors is yet to be fully resolved by a traditional approach. Herein, from theoretical analysis to experimental design, we present the novel CPDMS/AgNWs double conductive layer (DCL) to synergistically optimize the sensitivity and linearity of piezoresistive pressure sensors. The facilely fabricated solid microdome array (SDA) is first employed as the elastomer to clarify the unrevealed working mechanism of DCL. Attributed to the synergistic effect of DCL, the DCL/SDA based sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (up to 3788.29 kPa-1) in an obviously broadened linearity range (0-6 kPa). We also demonstrated that the synergistic effect of DCL can be regulated with use of porous microdome array (PDA) to further optimize the sensing property. The linearity range can be improved up to 70 kPa while preserving the high sensitivity of 924.37 kPa-1 based on the interlocked PDA structure (IPDA), which is rarely reported in previous studies. The optimized sensitivity and linearity allow the competitive DCL/IPDA based sensor as a reliable platform to monitor kinds of physiological signals covering from low pressures (e.g., artery pulses), medium pressures (e.g., muscle expansions), to high pressures (e.g., body motions). We believe that the methodology along with the robust sensor can be of great potential for reliable healthcare monitoring and wearable electronic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Shenzhen Shineway Hi-Tech Corporation, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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27
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Chen D, Liu Z, Li Y, Sun D, Liu X, Pang J, Liu H, Zhou W. Unsymmetrical Alveolate PMMA/MWCNT Film as a Piezoresistive E-Skin with Four-Dimensional Resolution and Application for Detecting Motion Direction and Airflow Rate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30896-30904. [PMID: 32515937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and piezoresistive electronic skins (E-skins) with high spatial resolution are highly desired in artificial intelligence and human-machine interactions. In this study, a simple method is developed to pattern a piezoresistive layer using lithography, which can realize real-time tactile sensing and spatial resolution. The piezoresistive layer with a honeycomb hole array based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was fabricated using a reverse mold with a ZnO nanorod array. The device exhibits an ultrahigh sensitivity of 88 kPa-1 in the low-pressure regime (<10 kPa) and a fast response time of 110 ms owing to the conductive honeycomb structure. The E-skin-based PMMA/MWCNT honeycomb array film can be applied to monitor bending and vibration by changing the contact area of the hole walls. A 4 × 4 piezoresistive matrix was fabricated by lithography for a 16-pixel tactile-sensing E-skin, which realizes a four-dimensional resolution including the space and time resolutions of pressure points. In addition, by using the unsymmetrical structure of an alveolate PMMA/MWCNT film, the detection of direction and velocity for the movement and gas flow were realized. The obtained piezoresistive and unsymmetrical tactile sensor realized a four-dimensional resolution, including a three-dimensional space and a fourth dimension of timeline, which enables future applications of human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Dehui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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28
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Jiang H, Sheng Y, Ngai T. Pickering emulsions: Versatility of colloidal particles and recent applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 49:1-15. [PMID: 32390759 PMCID: PMC7205700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The versatility of colloidal particles endows the particle stabilized or Pickering emulsions with unique features and can potentially enable the fabrication of a wide variety of derived materials. We review the evolution and breakthroughs in the research on the use of colloidal particles for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions in recent years for the particle categories of inorganic particles, polymer-based particles, and food-grade particles. Moreover, based on the latest works, several emulsions stabilized by the featured particles and their derived functional materials, including enzyme immobilized emulsifiers for interfacial catalysis, 2D colloidal materials stabilized emulsions as templates for porous materials, and Pickering emulsions as adjuvant formulations, are also summarized. Finally, we point out the gaps in the current research on the applications of Pickering emulsions and suggest future directions for the design of particulate stabilizers and preparation methods for Pickering emulsions and their derived materials. We review the evolution and breakthroughs in the research on the use of colloidal particles for the stabilization of Pickering emulsions in recent years for the particle categories of inorganic particles, polymer-based particles, and food-grade particles. We discuss recent emulsions stabilized by the featured particles and their derived functional materials, including enzyme immobilized emulsifiers for interfacial catalysis, 2D colloidal materials stabilized emulsions as templates for porous materials, and Pickering emulsions as adjuvant formulations. We point out the gaps in the current research on the applications of Pickering emulsions and suggest future directions for the design of particulate stabilizers and preparation methods for Pickering emulsions and their derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
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29
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Tian K, Sui G, Yang P, Deng H, Fu Q. Ultrasensitive Thin-Film Pressure Sensors with a Broad Dynamic Response Range and Excellent Versatility Toward Pressure, Vibration, Bending, and Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20998-21008. [PMID: 32293861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and wide pressure response range are attracting considerable research interest for their potential applications as e-skins. Nowadays, it seems a dilemma to realize high-performance, multifunctional pressure sensors with a cost-effective, scalable strategy, which can simplify wearable sensing systems without additional signal processing, enabling device miniaturization and low power consumption. Herein, pressure sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and a broad response pressure range are developed with a low-cost, facile method by combining strain-induced percolation behavior and contact area contributions. Because of their special surface structure and strain-induced conductive network formation behavior, these unique pressure sensors exhibit wide sensing range of 1 Pa to 500 kPa, ultrahigh sensitivity (1 × 106 and 3.1 × 104 kPa-1 in the pressure ranges of 1 Pa to 20 kPa and 20-500 kPa, respectively), fast signal response (<50 ms), low detection limit (1 Pa), and high stability over 500 loading/unloading cycles. These characteristics allow the devices to work as e-skins to monitor human pulse signals and finger touch. Moreover, these sensors illustrate precise electrical response to mechanical vibration, bending, and temperature stimuli, which afford the ability of detecting cell phone call-in vibration signals, joint bending, spatial pressure, and temperature distributions, indicating promising applications in next-generation wearable, multifunctional e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guopeng Sui
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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30
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Choi HB, Oh J, Kim Y, Pyatykh M, Chang Yang J, Ryu S, Park S. Transparent Pressure Sensor with High Linearity over a Wide Pressure Range for 3D Touch Screen Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16691-16699. [PMID: 32180401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for display technology is expected to increase with the continuous spread of portable electronics and with the expected emergence of flexible, wearable, and transparent display devices. A touch screen is a critical component in display technology that enables user interface operations, and the future generation of touch screens, the so-called 3D touch screens, is expected to be able to detect multiple levels of pressure. To enable 3D touch screens, transparent pressure sensors with high linearity over a working range that encompasses the pressure range of human touch (10-100 kPa) are required. In this work, a transparent and linear capacitive pressure sensor is reported with a transmittance over 85% and high linearity (R2 = 0.995) over 5-100 kPa of pressure. To render the sensor transparent, a microstructured "hard" elastomer layer was filled in with a refractive index matching a "soft" elastomer layer, through which light scattering was minimized. High linearity was attained from the sensor's unique architecture that increases the effective area of the capacitor with applied pressure. These attributes render our sensor highly suitable for future 3D touch screen applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Byul Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikhail Pyatykh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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31
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Dinh T, Nguyen T, Phan HP, Nguyen TK, Dau VT, Nguyen NT, Dao DV. Advances in Rational Design and Materials of High-Performance Stretchable Electromechanical Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905707. [PMID: 32101372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and wearable sensor technology has attracted significant interests and created high technological impact on portable healthcare and smart human-machine interfaces. Wearable electromechanical systems are an important part of this technology that has recently witnessed tremendous progress toward high-performance devices for commercialization. Over the past few years, great attention has been paid to simultaneously enhance the sensitivity and stretchability of the electromechanical sensors toward high sensitivity, ultra-stretchability, low power consumption or self-power functionalities, miniaturisation as well as simplicity in design and fabrication. This work presents state-of-the-art advanced materials and rational designs of electromechanical sensors for wearable applications. Advances in various sensing concepts and structural designs for intrinsic stretchable conductive materials as well as advanced rational platforms are discussed. In addition, the practical applications and challenges in the development of stretchable electromechanical sensors are briefly mentioned and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Van Thanh Dau
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4125, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Vakalopoulou E, Slugovc C. The Effects of Enhancing the Crosslinking Degree in High Internal Phase Emulsion Templated Poly(dicyclopentadiene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vakalopoulou
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A 8010 Graz Austria
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33
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Miao P, Wang J, Zhang C, Sun M, Cheng S, Liu H. Graphene Nanostructure-Based Tactile Sensors for Electronic Skin Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:71. [PMID: 34138011 PMCID: PMC7770800 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and can perceive and respond to complex environmental stimulations. Recently, the development of electronic skin (E-skin) for the mimicry of the human sensory system has drawn great attention due to its potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems, advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-machine interfaces. Tactile sense is one of the most important senses of human skin that has attracted special attention. The ability to obtain unique functions using diverse assembly processible methods has rapidly advanced the use of graphene, the most celebrated two-dimensional material, in electronic tactile sensing devices. With a special emphasis on the works achieved since 2016, this review begins with the assembly and modification of graphene materials and then critically and comprehensively summarizes the most advanced material assembly methods, device construction technologies and signal characterization approaches in pressure and strain detection based on graphene and its derivative materials. This review emphasizes on: (1) the underlying working principles of these types of sensors and the unique roles and advantages of graphene materials; (2) state-of-the-art protocols recently developed for high-performance tactile sensing, including representative examples; and (3) perspectives and current challenges for graphene-based tactile sensors in E-skin applications. A summary of these cutting-edge developments intends to provide readers with a deep understanding of the future design of high-quality tactile sensing devices and paves a path for their future commercial applications in the field of E-skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Miao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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