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Mansur S, Habib S, Hawkins M, Brown SR, Weinman ST, Bao Y. Preparation of Nanoparticle-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Using Direct Flow Filtration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051551. [PMID: 37242792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential as cell-free therapeutics and biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery. However, the potential of EVs is limited by scalable, reproducible production and in vivo tracking after delivery. Here, we report the preparation of quercetin-iron complex nanoparticle-loaded EVs derived from a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231br, using direct flow filtration. The morphology and size of the nanoparticle-loaded EVs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of those EVs showed several protein bands in the range of 20-100 kDa. The analysis of EV protein markers by a semi-quantitative antibody array confirmed the presence of several typical EV markers, such as ALIX, TSG101, CD63, and CD81. Our EV yield quantification suggested a significant yield increase in direct flow filtration compared with ultracentrifugation. Subsequently, we compared the cellular uptake behaviors of nanoparticle-loaded EVs with free nanoparticles using MDA-MB-231br cell line. Iron staining studies indicated that free nanoparticles were taken up by cells via endocytosis and localized at a certain area within the cells while uniform iron staining across cells was observed for cells treated with nanoparticle-loaded EVs. Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of using direct flow filtration for the production of nanoparticle-loaded EVs from cancer cells. The cellular uptake studies suggested the possibility of deeper penetration of the nanocarriers because the cancer cells readily took up the quercetin-iron complex nanoparticles, and then released nanoparticle-loaded EVs, which can be further delivered to regional cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomit Mansur
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Shahriar Habib
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mikayla Hawkins
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Spenser R Brown
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Steven T Weinman
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yuping Bao
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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Foster D, Larsen J. Polymeric Metal Contrast Agents for T 1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1224-1242. [PMID: 36753685 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plays an integral role in diagnostics and treatment monitoring for conditions affecting the brain; enhanced brain imaging capabilities will improve upon both while increasing the general understanding of how the brain works. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred modality for brain imaging. Commercially available contrast agents, which are often required to render readable brain images, have considerable toxicity concerns. In recent years, much progress has been made in developing new contrast agents based on the magnetic features of gadolinium, iron, or magnesium. Nanotechnological approaches for these systems allow for the protected integration of potentially harmful metals with added benefits like reduced dosage and improved transport. Polymeric enhancement of each design further improves biocompatibility while allowing for specific brain targeting. This review outlines research on polymeric nanomedicine designs for T1-weighted contrast agents that have been evaluated for performance in the brain.
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Santana JG, Petukhova-Greenstein A, Gross M, Hyder F, Pekurovsky V, Gottwald LA, Boustani A, Walsh JJ, Kucukkaya AS, Malpani R, Madoff DC, Goldberg SN, Ahmed M, Joshi N, Coman D, Chapiro J. MR Imaging-Based In Vivo Macrophage Imaging to Monitor Immune Response after Radiofrequency Ablation of the Liver. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:395-403.e5. [PMID: 36423815 PMCID: PMC11042914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish molecular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging instruments for in vivo characterization of the immune response to hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation using cell-specific immunoprobes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two C57BL/6 wild-type mice underwent standardized hepatic RF ablation (70 °C for 5 minutes) to generate a coagulation area measuring 6-7 mm in diameter. CD68+ macrophage periablational infiltration was characterized with immunohistochemistry 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after ablation (n = 24). Twenty-one mice were subjected to a dose-escalation study with either 10, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg of rhodamine-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) or 2.4, 1.2, or 0.6 mg/kg of gadolinium-160 (160Gd)-labeled CD68 antibody for assessment of the optimal in vivo dose of contrast agent. MR imaging experiments included 9 mice, each receiving 10-mg/kg SPIONs to visualize phagocytes using T2∗-weighted imaging in a horizontal-bore 9.4-T MR imaging scanner, 160Gd-CD68 for T1-weighted MR imaging of macrophages, or 0.1-mmol/kg intravenous gadoterate (control group). Radiological-pathological correlation included Prussian blue staining, rhodamine immunofluorescence, imaging mass cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS RF ablation-induced periablational infiltration (206.92 μm ± 12.2) of CD68+ macrophages peaked at 7 days after ablation (P < .01) compared with the untreated lobe. T2∗-weighted MR imaging with SPION contrast demonstrated curvilinear T2∗ signal in the transitional zone (TZ) (186 μm ± 16.9), corresponsing to Iron Prussian blue staining. T1-weighted MR imaging with 160Gd-CD68 antibody showed curvilinear signal in the TZ (164 μm ± 3.6) corresponding to imaging mass cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Both SPION-enhanced T2∗-weighted and 160Gd-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging allow for in vivo monitoring of macrophages after RF ablation, demonstrating the feasibility of this model to investigate local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Santana
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alexandra Petukhova-Greenstein
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Gross
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vasily Pekurovsky
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luzie A Gottwald
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Boustani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John J Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ahmet S Kucukkaya
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rohil Malpani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David C Madoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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4
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Mishra SK, Herman P, Crair M, Constable RT, Walsh JJ, Akif A, Verhagen JV, Hyder F. Fluorescently-tagged magnetic protein nanoparticles for high-resolution optical and ultra-high field magnetic resonance dual-modal cerebral angiography. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17770-17788. [PMID: 36437785 PMCID: PMC9850399 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04878g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extremely small paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeMNPs) (<5 nm) can enhance positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast by shortening the longitudinal relaxation time of water (T1), but these nanoparticles experience rapid renal clearance. Here, magnetic protein nanoparticles (MPNPs) are synthesized from protein-conjugated citric acid coated FeMNPs (c-FeMNPs) without loss of the T1 MRI properties and tagged with fluorescent dye (f-MPNPs) for optical cerebrovascular imaging. The c-FeMNPs shows average size 3.8 ± 0.7 nm with T1 relaxivity (r1) of 1.86 mM-1 s-1 and transverse/longitudinal relaxivity ratio (r2/r1) of 2.53 at 11.7 T. The f-MPNPs show a higher r1 value of 2.18 mM-1 s-1 and r2/r1 ratio of 2.88 at 11.7 T, which generates excellent positive MRI contrast. In vivo cerebral angiography with f-MPNPs enables detailed microvascular contrast enhancement for differentiation of major blood vessels of murine brain, which corresponds well with whole brain three-dimensional time-of-flight MRI angiograms (17 min imaging time with 60 ms repetition time and 40 μm isotropic voxels). The real-time fluorescence angiography enables unambiguous detection of brain capillaries with diameter < 40 μm. Biodistribution examination revealed that f-MPNPs were safely cleared by the organs like the liver, spleen, and kidneys within a day after injection. Blood biochemical assays demonstrated no risk of iron overload in both rats and mice. With hybrid neuroimaging technologies (e.g., MRI-optical) on the rise, f-MPNPs built on this platform can generate exciting neuroscience applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mishra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Anlyan Center (TAC), Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Anlyan Center (TAC), Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Michael Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adil Akif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justus V Verhagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Anlyan Center (TAC), Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Significance of Capping Agents of Colloidal Nanoparticles from the Perspective of Drug and Gene Delivery, Bioimaging, and Biosensing: An Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810521. [PMID: 36142435 PMCID: PMC9505579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-growth and coagulation of nanoparticles is prevented using capping agents by the production of stearic effect that plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the interface. This strategy of coating the nanoparticles’ surface with capping agents is an emerging trend in assembling multipurpose nanoparticles that is beneficial for improving their physicochemical and biological behavior. The enhancement of reactivity and negligible toxicity is the outcome. In this review article, an attempt has been made to introduce the significance of different capping agents in the preparation of nanoparticles. Most importantly, we have highlighted the recent progress, existing roadblocks, and upcoming opportunities of using surface modified nanoparticles in nanomedicine from the drug and gene delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing perspectives.
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Bai Y, Li X, Li M, Shang Q, Yang J, Fan L, Tian W. Host-guest interaction-based supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies for GSH-consumption augmented chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4952-4958. [PMID: 35723649 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The over-expressed cellular glutathione (GSH) severely restricts the chemotherapeutic efficacy due to the GSH-induced detoxification of chemical drugs. Herein, how to construct effective drug delivery systems with GSH-consumption property is still a general concern and a major challenge. In this study, the host-guest interactions between water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP[6]) and chlorambucil-arylboronic acid (Cb-BA) were utilized to construct supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies (SPSAs) with specific stimuli-responsive property. Notably, the BA moiety could not only consume GSH but also rapidly bind curcumin (Cur), which could inhibit the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) to further reduce the GSH biosynthesis pathway. Benefiting from the functionality of BA-Cur conjugates, the GSH levels could be significantly downregulated, paving a novel way to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that this two-pronged GSH-depletion strategy could amplify the cellular oxidative stress and achieve excellent anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xihua Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Muqiong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Qingqing Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Li Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wei Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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7
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Milošević N, Rütter M, David A. Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules- (un)Attainable Targets for Nanomedicines. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:846065. [PMID: 35463298 PMCID: PMC9021548 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.846065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell adhesion molecules have long been proposed as promising targets in many pathologies. Despite promising preclinical data, several efforts to develop small molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) ended in clinical-stage failure. In parallel, many well-validated approaches for targeting CAMs with nanomedicine (NM) were reported over the years. A wide range of potential applications has been demonstrated in various preclinical studies, from drug delivery to the tumor vasculature, imaging of the inflamed endothelium, or blocking immune cells infiltration. However, no NM drug candidate emerged further into clinical development. In this review, we will summarize the most advanced examples of CAM-targeted NMs and juxtapose them with known traditional drugs against CAMs, in an attempt to identify important translational hurdles. Most importantly, we will summarize the proposed strategies to enhance endothelial CAM targeting by NMs, in an attempt to offer a catalog of tools for further development.
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8
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Ganesh D, Jain P, Shanthamurthy CD, Toraskar S, Kikkeri R. Targeting Selectins Mediated Biological Activities With Multivalent Probes. Front Chem 2021; 9:773027. [PMID: 34926401 PMCID: PMC8677667 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.773027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins are type-I transmembrane glycoproteins that are ubiquitously expressed on activated platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes. They bind to cell surface glycoproteins and extracellular matrix ligands, regulate the rolling of leukocytes in the blood capillaries, and recruit them to inflammatory sites. Hence, they are potential markers for the early detection and inhibition of inflammatory diseases, thrombosis, cardiovascular disorders, and tumor metastasis. Fucosylated and sialylated glycans, such as sialyl Lewisx, its isoform sialyl Lewisa, and heparan sulfate, are primary selectin ligands. Functionalization of these selectin-binding ligands on multivalent probes, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymers, not only inhibits selectin-mediated biological activity but is also involved in direct imaging of the inflammation site. This review briefly summarizes the selectin-mediated various diseases such as thrombosis, cancer and recent progress in the different types of multivalent probes used to target selectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ganesh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Suraj Toraskar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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9
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Wei H, Hu Y, Wang J, Gao X, Qian X, Tang M. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, Metabolism, and Cellular Behavior in Biomedicine Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6097-6113. [PMID: 34511908 PMCID: PMC8418330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely investigated and applied in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent superparamagnetic properties and reliable traceability. However, with the optimization of core composition, shell types and transfection agents, the cytotoxicity and metabolism of different SPIONs have great differences, and the labeled cells also show different cellular behaviors. Therefore, a holistic review of the construction and application of SPIONs is desired. This review focuses the advances of SPIONs in the field of biomedicine in recent years. After summarizing the toxicity of different SPIONs, the uptake, distribution and metabolism of SPIONs in vitro were discussed. Then, the regulation of labeled-cells behavior is outlined. Furthermore, the major challenges in the optimization process of SPIONs and insights on its future developments are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu L, Li L, Li M, Luo Z. Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2942-2950. [PMID: 34110079 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death associated with the accumulation of labile iron and cytotoxic lipid peroxides. Increasing evidence reveals that ferroptosis is not a self-standing phenomenon and has close connections with other cellular events. Remarkably, recent insights show that ferroptosis is dependent on autophagy, which is a lysosomal degradation pathway responsible for the recycling of damaged cellular components under survival stress. Autophagy is capable of contributing to ferroptosis through degradation of the ferritin, an iron-storage protein, accompanied with the accumulation of iron levels and lipid ROS. The interplay between autophagy and ferroptosis also reveals emerging opportunities for novel tumor therapies, which has inspired the development of many treatment strategies capable of inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells via autophagic pathways based on molecular and nanoparticulate agents. In this review, we summarize the specific molecular and regulatory networks of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and highlight their pathophysiological impact on various aspects of tumor cells. A perspective was also provided regarding the preliminary therapeutic exploitation of ferroptosis/autophagy crosstalk for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Liqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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11
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Oladipo AO, Unuofin JO, Iku SII, Nkambule TTI, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. Bimetallic Au@Pd nanodendrite system incorporating multimodal intracellular imaging for improved doxorubicin antitumor efficiency. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120661. [PMID: 33933638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The sufficient accumulation of drugs is crucial for efficient treatment in a complex tumor microenvironment. Drug delivery systems (DDS) with high surface area and selective cytotoxicity present a novel approach to mitigate insufficient drug loading for improved therapeutic response. Herein, a doxorubicin-conjugated bimetallic gold-core palladium-shell nanocarrier with multiple dense arrays of branches (Au@PdNDs.PEG/DOX) was characterized and its efficacy against breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were evaluated. Enhanced darkfield and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) microscopy were used to study the intracellular uptake and accumulation of the DOX-loaded nanodendrites A fascinating data from a 3D-CytoViva fluorescence imaging technique provided information about the dynamics of localization and distribution of the nanocarrier. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that Au@PdNDs.PEG/DOX inhibited the proliferative effects of MCF-7 cells at equivalent IC50 dosage compared to DOX alone. The nanocarrier triggered higher induction of apoptosis proved by a time-dependent phosphatidylserine V release, cell cycle arrest, and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, the cell cycle phase proportion increase suggests that the enhanced apoptotic effect induced by Au@PdNDs.PEG/DOX was via a G2/M phase arrest. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of dendritic nanoparticles to improve DOX therapeutic efficiency and plasmonic-mediated intracellular imaging as a suitable theranostic platform for deployment in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale O Oladipo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
| | - Jeremiah O Unuofin
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Solange I I Iku
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Park Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
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12
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Abstract
In this review, we summarized recent advances in the development and biological applications of polymeric nanoparticles embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Superparamagnetic polymeric nanoparticles include core-shell nanoparticles, superparamagnetic polymeric micelles and superparamagnetic polymersomes. They have potential for various biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, drug delivery, detection of bacteria, viruses and proteins, etc. Finally, the challenges in the design and preparation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles towards clinical applications are explored and the prospects in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Xiao
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China.
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13
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Bloise N, Okkeh M, Restivo E, Della Pina C, Visai L. Targeting the "Sweet Side" of Tumor with Glycan-Binding Molecules Conjugated-Nanoparticles: Implications in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:289. [PMID: 33499388 PMCID: PMC7911724 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is in the spotlight of therapeutic innovation, with numerous advantages for tumor visualization and eradication. The end goal of the therapeutic use of nanoparticles, however, remains distant due to the limitations of nanoparticles to target cancer tissue. The functionalization of nanosystem surfaces with biological ligands is a major strategy for directing the actions of nanomaterials specifically to tumor cells. Cancer formation and metastasis are accompanied by profound alterations in protein glycosylation. Hence, the detection and targeting of aberrant glycans are of great value in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide a brief update on recent progress targeting aberrant glycosylation by functionalizing nanoparticles with glycan-binding molecules (with a special focus on lectins and anti-glycan antibodies) to improve the efficacy of nanoparticles in cancer targeting, diagnosis, and therapy and outline the challenges and limitations in implementing this approach. We envision that the combination of nanotechnological strategies and cancer-associated glycan targeting could remodel the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bloise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mohammad Okkeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Restivo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Della Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano e CNR-ISTM, Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Health Technologies (CHT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 3/B-27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.O.); (E.R.); (L.V.)
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, 28-27100 Pavia, Italy
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14
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Israel LL, Galstyan A, Holler E, Ljubimova JY. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for imaging, targeting and treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the brain. J Control Release 2020; 320:45-62. [PMID: 31923537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles in general, and iron oxide nanoparticles in particular, have been studied extensively during the past 20 years for numerous biomedical applications. The main applications of these nanoparticles are in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic targeting, gene and drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia for tumor treatment, and manipulation of the immune system by macrophage polarization for cancer treatment. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to magnetic particle imaging (MPI) because of its better sensitivity compared to MRI. In recent years, MRI and MPI have been combined as a dual or multimodal imaging method to enhance the signal in the brain for the early detection and treatment of brain pathologies. Because magnetic and iron oxide nanoparticles are so diverse and can be used in multiple applications such as imaging or therapy, they have attractive features for brain delivery. However, the greatest limitations for the use of MRI/MPI for imaging and treatment are in brain delivery, with one of these limitations being the brain-blood barrier (BBB). This review addresses the current status, chemical compositions, advantages and disadvantages, toxicity and most importantly the future directions for the delivery of iron oxide based substances across the blood-brain barrier for targeting, imaging and therapy of primary and metastatic tumors of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L Israel
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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15
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Wang Z, Xianyu Y, Zhang Z, Guo A, Li X, Dong Y, Chen Y. Background Signal-Free Magnetic Bioassay for Food-Borne Pathogen and Residue of Veterinary Drug via Mn(VII)/Mn(II) Interconversion. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2771-2777. [PMID: 31593439 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic ion-mediated sensors can greatly simplify current magnetic sensors for biochemical assays, but it remains challenging because of the limited sensitivity. Herein, we report a magnetic immunosensor relying on Mn(VII)/Mn(II) interconversion and the corresponding change in the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) of the transverse relaxation rate (R2). The fact that the NMR R2 of the water protons detected in Mn(II) aqueous solution is much stronger than Mn(VII) aqueous solution enables the modulation of the LF-NMR signal intensity of R2. By employing immunomagnetic separation and enzyme-catalyzed reaction, this Mn(VII)/Mn(II) interconversion allows the development of a background signal-free magnetic immunosensor with a high signal-to-background ratio that enables detection of ractopamine and Salmonella with high sensitivity (the limits of detection for ractopamine and Salmonella are 8.1 pg/mL and 20 cfu/mL, respectively). This Mn-mediated magnetic immunosensor not only retains the good stability but also greatly improves the sensitivity of conventional paramagnetic ion-mediated magnetic sensors, offering a promising platform for sensitive, stable, and convenient bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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