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Chen Z, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yang T, Luo Q, Gu K, Yang W. Molecularly-regulating oxygen-containing functional groups of ramie activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:772-779. [PMID: 38554467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Effectively managing oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) within activated carbon and methodically elucidating their intricate types and proportions are essential for considerably improving the electrochemical performance of carbon-based supercapacitors. Herein, we designed a ZnCl2-based molecular regulation strategy to introduce OCFGs into ramie-activated carbon (RAC), managing different OCFGs and revealing their structure-activity relationship with electrochemical performance. Thus, this regulated RAC, with a 3.5-fold enhancement in advantageous OCFGs (a-OCFGs: CO and COO), exhibits a supreme specific capacitance of 286.4F g-1 at 1 A/g and an excellent capacitance retention rate of 89.7 % at 20 A/g in an aqueous electrolyte, considerably surpassing that of nonregulated RAC (212.0F g-1 and 81.9 %). This confirms that a-OCFGs provide ample ion-storage accommodation and suppress solvent electronic oxidation, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. Furthermore, its electrochemical performance is competitive with that of the commercial YP-50F (129.2F g-1 at 1 A/g). Therefore, this work not only highlights the contributions of specific OCFGs to high electrochemical performance but also designs a promising commercial electrode material to meet the demands of OCFGs-adequate carbon-based energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qitian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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2
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Selinger J, Meinander K, Wilson BP, Abbas Q, Hummel M, Spirk S. Sweet Side Streams: Sugar Beet Pulp as Source for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4733-4743. [PMID: 38313518 PMCID: PMC10831825 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Valorization of the lignocellulosic side and waste streams is key to making industrial processes more efficient from both an economic and ecological perspective. Currently, the production of sugars from beets results in pulps in large quantities. However, there is a lack of promising opportunities for upcycling these materials despite their promising properties. Here, we investigate beet pulps from two different stages of the sugar manufacturing process as raw materials for supercapacitor electrodes. We demonstrate that these materials can be efficiently converted to activated, highly porous carbons. The carbons exhibit pore dimensions approaching the size of the desolvated K+ and SO42- ions with surface areas up to 2600 m2 g-1. These carbons were subsequently manufactured into electrodes, assembled in supercapacitors, and tested with environmentally friendly aqueous electrolytes (6 M KOH and 1 M H2SO4). Further analysis demonstrated the presence of capacitance-enhancing functionalities, and up to 193 and 177 F g-1 in H2SO4 and KOH, respectively, were achieved, which outperformed supercapacitors prepared from commercial YP80 F. Overall, our study suggests that side streams from sugar manufacturing offer a hidden potential for use in high-performance energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Selinger
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Meinander
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Benjamin P. Wilson
- Department
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Khaja Hussain S, Bang JH. Overview of the oxygen vacancy effect in bimetallic spinel and perovskite oxide electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11892-11907. [PMID: 37097013 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00472d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic spinel and perovskite metal oxide materials are advanced electrode materials for supercapacitor (SC) applications because of their low-cost, distinct crystal structures, eco-friendly nature, and high conductivity. However, they suffer from the disadvantages of poor ion-diffusion kinetics and pulverization issues during cyclability tests. Along with a deeper understanding of redox chemistry, the role of oxygen vacancies (OVs) in electrode materials to support the reaction kinetics for excellence in SCs must be clarified. In this review, we highlight for the first time the importance of OVs and summarize various design strategies for the preparation of advanced bimetallic spinel oxides and perovskites with improved electrochemical performances for SC applications. With new insights, we envision that the SC research community would endeavor to utilize the benefits of OVs effectively for the development of high-performance SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Khaja Hussain
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Bang
- Nanosensor Research Institute, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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Luo X, Yuan P, Luo J, Xiao H, Li J, Zheng H, Du B, Li D, Chen Y. The Enhancing Effect of Stable Oxygen Functional Groups on Porous-Carbon-Supported Pt Catalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1415. [PMID: 37111000 PMCID: PMC10145733 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen functionalization of carbon materials has widely been employed to improve the catalytic performance of carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) catalysts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has often been employed to clean carbons during the preparation of carbon materials. However, the effect of oxygen functionalization through a HCl treatment of porous carbon (PC) supports on the performance of the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has rarely been investigated. Herein, the impact of HCl combined with the heat treatment of PC supports on the HER performance of Pt/C catalysts has been comprehensively investigated. The structural characterizations revealed similar structures of pristine and modified PC. Nevertheless, the HCl treatment resulted in abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and the further heat treatment formed thermally stable carbonyl and ether groups. Among the catalysts, Pt loading on the HCl-treated PC followed by a heat treatment at 700 °C (Pt/PC-H-700) exhibited elevated HER activity with a lower overpotential of 50 mV at 10 mA cm-2 when compared to the unmodified Pt/PC (89 mV). Pt/PC-H-700 also exhibited better durability than the Pt/PC. Overall, novel insights into the impact of the surface chemistry properties of porous carbon supports on the HER performance of Pt/C catalysts were provided, which were useful for highlighting the feasible improvement of HER performances by regulating the surface oxygen species of porous carbon supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junhui Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Haoming Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Baodong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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Magnetic field effect and controlling of Li amounts of cathode material for high performance in LIC. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chavhan MP, Slovak V, Zelenkova G, Dominko D. Revisiting the Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Type of Activation on the Performance of Carbon Electrodes in an Electrochemical Capacitor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2431. [PMID: 35407762 PMCID: PMC8999809 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical porous carbons are known to enhance the electrochemical features of electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. However, the contribution of surface oxygen and the resulting functionalities and wettability, along with the role of electrical conductivity and degree of amorphous or crystalline nature in the micro-mesoporous carbons, are not yet clear. This article considers the effect of carbonisation temperature (500-900 °C) and the type of activation (CO2, KOH) on the properties mentioned above in case of carbon xerogels (CXs) to understand the resulting electrochemical performances. Depending on the carbonisation temperature, CX materials differ in micropore surface area (722-1078 m2 g-1) while retaining a mesopore surface area ~300 m2 g-1, oxygen content (3-15%, surface oxygen 0-7%), surface functionalities, electrical conductivity (7 × 10-6-8 S m-1), and degree of amorphous or crystalline nature. Based on the results, electrochemical performances depend primarily on electrical conductivity, followed by surface oxygen content and meso-micropore connectivity. The way of activation using a varied extent of CO2 exposure and KOH concentrations played differently in CX in terms of pore connectivity from meso- to micropores and their contributions and degree of oxidation, and resulted in different electrochemical behaviours. Such performances of activated CXs depend solely on micro-mesopore features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Chavhan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Vaclav Slovak
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gabriela Zelenkova
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Damir Dominko
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Otgonbayar Z, Yang S, Kim IJ, Oh WC. Surface Modification Effect and Electrochemical Performance of LiOH-High Surface Activated Carbon as a Cathode Material in EDLC. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082187. [PMID: 33920236 PMCID: PMC8070001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the performance of the activated carbon-based cathode by increasing the Li content and to analyze the effect of the combination of carbon and oxidizing agent. The crystal structure and chemical structure phase of Li-high surface area activated carbon material (Li-HSAC) was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, the surface state and quantitative element by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and the surface properties with pore-size distribution by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) and t-plot methods. The specific surface area of the Li-YP80F is 1063.2 m2/g, micropore volume value is 0.511 cm3/g and mesopore volume is 0.143 cm3/g, and these all values are higher than other LiOH-treated carbon. The surface functional group was analyzed by a Boehm titration, and the higher number of acidic groups compared to the target facilitated the improved electrolyte permeability, reduced the interface resistance and increased the electrochemical properties of the cathode. The oxidizing agent of LiOH treated high surface area of activated carbon was used for the cathode material for EDLC (electric double layer capacitor) to determine its electrochemical properties and the as-prepared electrode retained excellent performance after 10 cycles and 100 cycles. The anodic and cathodic peak current value and peak segregation of Li-YP80F were better than those of the other two samples, due to the micropore-size and physical properties of the sample. The oxidation peak current value appeared at 0.0055 mA/cm2 current density and the reduction peak value at –0.0014 mA/cm2, when the Li-YP80F sample used to the Cu-foil surface. The redox peaks appeared at 0.0025 mA/cm2 and –0.0009 mA/cm2, in the case of using a Nickel foil, after 10 cycling test. The electrochemical stability of cathode materials was tested by 100 recycling tests. After 100 recycling tests, peak current drop decreased the peak profile became stable. The LiOH-treated high surface area of activated carbon had synergistically upgraded electrochemical activity and superior cycling stability that were demonstrated in EDLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zambaga Otgonbayar
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Korea;
| | - Sunhye Yang
- Korea Electrotechnology Reserch Institute, 12, Boolmosan-ro, 10beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Korea; (S.Y.); (I.-J.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ick-Jun Kim
- Korea Electrotechnology Reserch Institute, 12, Boolmosan-ro, 10beon-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51543, Korea; (S.Y.); (I.-J.K.)
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Chungnam 356-706, Korea;
- Anhui International Joint Research Center for Nano Carbon-based Materials and Environmental Health, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-3775-9289
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