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Lu X, Yan K, Yu Z, Wang J, Liu R, Zhang R, Qiao Y, Xiong J. Transition metal phosphides: synthesis nanoarchitectonics, catalytic properties, and biomass conversion applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301687. [PMID: 38221143 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing inexpensive and efficient catalysts for biomass hydrogenation or hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is essential for efficient energy conversion. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs), with the merits of abundant active sites, unique physicochemical properties, tunable component structures, and excellent catalytic activities, are recognized as promising biomass hydrogenation or HDO catalytic materials. Nevertheless, the biomass hydrogenation or HDO catalytic applications of TMPs are still limited by various complexities and inherent performance bottlenecks, and thus their future development and utilization remain to be systematically sorted out and further explored. This review summarizes the current popular strategies for the preparation of TMPs. Subsequently, based on the structural and electronic properties of TMPs, the catalytic activity origins of TMPs in biomass hydrogenation or HDO is elucidated. Additionally, the application of TMPs in efficient biomass hydrogenation or HDO catalysis, as well as highly targeted multiscale strategies to enhance the catalytic performance of TMPs, are comprehensively described. Finally, large-scale amplification synthesis, rational construction of TMP-based catalysts and in-depth study of the catalytic mechanism are also mentioned as challenges and future directions in this research field. Expectedly, this review can provide professional and targeted guidance for the rational design and practical application of TMPs biomass hydrogenation or HDO catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P.R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Runyu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Yina Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P.R. China
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2
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Chen H, Ye K, Zhang W, Fan L, Kong F, Zhao R, Chen M. Nickel-Based Bifunctional Cocatalyst to Enhance CdS Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18935-18945. [PMID: 38096809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The design of nanocomposites as a light-capturing system applied in photocatalytic water splitting is an emerging area of research. In our study, a simple in situ photodeposition method was proposed for the synthesis of CdS nanoflowers modified by nickel-based bifunctional, i.e., Ni/Ni(OH)2, cocatalysts. The introduction of cocatalysts has demonstrated a notable enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency of CdS. The quantity of cocatalysts supported on CdS played an important role in governing the light absorption capability and photocatalytic efficacy. Ni-CdS-10 showed the best photocatalytic activity of 30.51 mmol g-1 h-1, which was 1.8 times and 2.6 times higher activity than Pt-CdS-1 wt % and pure CdS, respectively. Mechanism studies with UV-vis DRS, photoluminescence, and Mott-Schottky plots revealed the intrinsic electric field created at the p-n Ni(OH)2/CdS junctions, which can effectively implement the transport and separation of photoinduced carriers. From linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and DFT calculation, both Ni(OH)2 and Ni can effectively decrease the Gibbs free energies of hydrogen adsorption and reduce the overpotential of hydrogen evolution. As a result, the efficiency of generating H2 through photocatalysis experienced significant improvement, and the participation of bifunctional cocatalysts further reduced the photocorrosion of CdS, enhanced stability, improved low price, and efficient photocatalyst production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Kun Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Lele Fan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Fanjie Kong
- Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Rongfang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
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3
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He Z, Qian C, Chen D, Xu K, Hao W. Design of ultrathin CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn 2S 4 with strong interfacial bonding and rich oxygen vacancies for highly efficient hydrogen evolution activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:138-148. [PMID: 37542889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing a semiconductor-based heterostructure photocatalyst is very important way to enhance the hydrogen production activity. Here, a novel 2D/2D CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4 S-scheme heterostructure with an ultrathin structure was synthesized by electrostatic attraction between CoAl-LDHs and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets. The presence of oxygen vacancies in the monolayer CoAl-LDHs nanosheet promotes the formation of Co-SX bonds, which serve as charge transfer channels at the interface of the CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4 heterostructure. The ultrathin CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4 exhibits broadened light absorption in the near-infrared range due to the occurrence of Co-SX chemical bonds. The CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4 with a mass ratio of 1:2 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (1563.64 μmol g-1 h-1) under the simulated sunlight, which is 4.6 and 9.7 times than that of the ZnIn2S4 and CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4(bulk), respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of ultrathin 2D/2D CoAl-LDHs/ZnIn2S4 should attributed to the shorter carriers path that benefit from the ultrathin structure and the quicker photogenerated charge transfer and the S-scheme migration pathway accelerated by the charge channel of Co-SX bonds. These new ideas should be inspiring for the design and construction of heterostructures for higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Che Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daimei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Weichang Hao
- School of Physics and BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Du J, Ding Y, Guo Y, Sun L, Li F. Iron atomic cluster supported on Co/NC having superior water oxidation activity over iron single atom. iScience 2023; 26:107339. [PMID: 37520718 PMCID: PMC10382919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-supported iron-cobalt bimetallic electrocatalysts usually exhibit robust catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the spatial isolation of Fe species at atomic level on cobalt-carbon solid remains a great challenge for practical catalytic applications in the OER. Here, we report the fabrication of CoFe bimetal porous carbon electrocatalysts by pyrolysis of molecularly defined iron complexes such as FePc (Pc = phthalocyanine) and Fe(acac)3 pre-encapsulated in the cavities of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-67. With this unique strategy, high-loading atomic Fe nanoclusters (Fe-ACs) and Fe single atoms (Fe-SAs) were supported on Co/NC hybrids relying on the size of the molecular Fe precursors. The former exhibited superior OER performance to the single Fe atom-decorated Co/NC, as well as other ZIF-67-derived electrocatalysts. Theoretical modulation suggests Co as the OER active site for Fe-ACs@Co/NC at the in situ-formed FeOOH-ACs/Co3O4 interface, while Fe was proposed as the active site for Fe-SAs@Co/NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yunxuan Ding
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Ahmad I, Muneer M, Khder AS, Ahmed SA. Novel Type-II Heterojunction Binary Composite (CdS/AgI) with Outstanding Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performances toward Methyl Orange and Tetracycline Hydrochloride. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22708-22720. [PMID: 37396286 PMCID: PMC10308551 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effective type-II heterojunction CdS/AgI binary composite was constructed by an in situ precipitation approach. To validate the successful formation of heterojunction between AgI and CdS photocatalysts, the synthesized binary composites were characterized by various analytical techniques. UV-vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) revealed that heterojunction formation led to a red shift in the absorbance spectra of the CdS/AgI binary composite. The optimized 20AgI/CdS binary composite showed a least intense photoluminescence (PL) peak indicating highly improved charge carrier (e-/h+ pairs) separation efficiency. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized materials was assessed based on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in the presence of visible light. Compared to bare photocatalysts and other binary composites, the 20AgI/CdS binary composite showed the highest photocatalytic degradation performances. Additionally, the trapping studies showed that superoxide radical anion (O2•-) was the most dominant active species involved in photodegradation processes. Based on the results of active species trapping studies, a mechanism was proposed to describe the formation of type-II heterojunctions for CdS/AgI binary composite. Overall, the synthesized binary composite has tremendous promise for environmental remediation due to its straightforward synthesis approach and excellent photocatalytic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Muneer
- Department
of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdelrahman S. Khder
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Yang Y, Ren W, Liu Y, Cai C, Zheng X, Meng S, Zhang L. Construction of shell-core Co 2P/Cd 0.9Zn 0.1S photocatalyst by electrostatic attraction for enhancing H 2 evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:547-558. [PMID: 37356156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy-driven photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce H2 is of great significance for promoting the development of clean energy. To improve the efficiency of H2 production, a novel spherical Co2P/Cd0.9Zn0.1S (Co2P/CZS) composite with shell-core structure was successfully synthesized by electrostatic attraction. Under visible light irradiation, the optimal Co2P/CZS achieves an excellent H2 rate of 16.05 mmol h-1 g-1 in benzyl alcohol (PhCH2OH) solution, with a quantum efficiency of 34.3% at 450 nm. The Co2P thin layer coated on the CZS surface not only facilitates the photogenerated charge transfer from Co2P to CZS under visible light illumination, but reduces the energy barrier of PhCH2OH oxidation and H2 evolution. The present results show that shell-core Co2P/CZS composite may be one of promising catalyst to enhance the activity of H2 evolution, which provides an important reference basis for new catalyst design and wide prospects for further application of metal sulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chun Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Sugang Meng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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7
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Ma X, Li W, Li H, Dong M, Geng L, Wang T, Zhou H, Li Y, Li M. Novel noble-metal-free Co 2P/CdIn 2S 4 heterojunction photocatalysts for elevated photocatalytic H 2 production: Light absorption, charge separation and active site. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:87-95. [PMID: 36804796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Constructing heterojunctions is an effective and controllable approach that can boost the activity of photocatalysts. Inspiringly, this study explored a simple method that can be used to construct novel noble-metal-free Co2P/CdIn2S4 (CPCIS) heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The heterojunction was formed by loading CdIn2S4 (CIS) nanoparticles on the surface of Co2P (CP). The structure, morphology, and optical property of the as-prepared samples were characterized by a series of tests. The DRS results showed that, the light absorption range of CPCIS was extended to the full visible light range and its light absorption intensity obviously was enhanced at 500-800 nm. The PL and photoelectrochemical tests manifested that the formed heterojunction promoted the separation of charges. The LSV results indicated that CP reduced the H2 evolution overpotential of the composites. Besides, CP could serve as active sites of H2 evolution in heterojunction composites. Interestingly, the H2-evolution rate for the optimum CPCIS (471.87 μmol h-1 g-1) was around 3.6 times than CIS-Pt. The elevated activity of CPCIS may mainly attribute to the following aspects: its enhanced light absorption, elevated charge separation and increased active site. More importantly, the photocatalytic activity of heterojunction composites didn't almost decrease after three cycles. This article delivers an idea that can be applied to form heterojunctions between CP and other sulfides for photocatalytic H2 production, easily extending to other transition metal phosphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongda Li
- School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hualei Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengchao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Sharma D, Choudhary P, Kumar S, Krishnan V. Transition Metal Phosphide Nanoarchitectonics for Versatile Organic Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207053. [PMID: 36650943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphides (TMP) posses unique physiochemical, geometrical, and electronic properties, which can be exploited for different catalytic applications, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, organic catalysis, etc. Among others, the use of TMP for organic catalysis is less explored and still facing many complex challenges, which necessitate the development of sustainable catalytic reaction protocols demonstrating high selectivity and yield of the desired molecules of high significance. In this regard, the controlled synthesis of TMP-based catalysts and thorough investigations of underlying reaction mechanisms can provide deeper insights toward practical achievement of desired applications. This review aims at providing a comprehensive analysis on the recent advancements in the synthetic strategies for the tailored and tunable engineering of structural, geometrical, and electronic properties of TMP. In addition, their unprecedented catalytic potential toward different organic transformation reactions is succinctly summarized and critically analyzed. Finally, a rational perspective on future opportunities and challenges in the emerging field of organic catalysis is provided. On the account of the recent achievements accomplished in organic synthesis using TMP, it is highly anticipated that the use of TMP combined with advanced innovative technologies and methodologies can pave the way toward large scale realization of organic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
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Li S, Wang K, Wang G, Xie H, Jin Z. An atomic-level charge transfer channels constructed with special Co-S bond and P-S bond in ZnCdS/CoSP S-scheme heterojunction for hydrogen evolution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Gogoi D, Makkar P, Korde R, Das MR, Ghosh NN. Exfoliated gC3N4 supported CdS nanorods as a S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for the degradation of various textile dyes. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Xie Y, Wang Y, Peng Y, Deng Z, Liu B, Zhang G, Wang X, Zhang F, Zhu L. Fabrication, characterization and application of single-phase hollow BiFeO3 nanofibers as an efficient visible-light photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B in wastewater. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Xiao Y, Chen J, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wu X, Deng W, Liu Z. Fabrication of MoS2/CdIn2S4 Z-scheme heterojunctions with fast interface electronic transfer for highly efficient photocatalytic degradations of multiple organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Xiao Y, Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wu X, Liu Z, Deng W. Hierarchical Sb2S3/ZnIn2S4 core–shell heterostructure for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:109-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Co0.9Co0.1S Nanorods with an Internal Electric Field and Photothermal Effect Synergistically for Boosting Photocatalytic H2 Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179756. [PMID: 36077154 PMCID: PMC9456290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper reports a strategy to synthesize Cd0.9Co0.1S nanorods (NRs) via a one-pot solvothermal method. Remarkably, the pencil-shaped Cd0.9Co0.1S NRs with a large aspect ratio and good polycrystalline plane structure significantly shorten the photogenerated carrier transfer path and achieve fast separation. An appropriate amount of Co addition enhances visible light-harvesting and generates a photothermal effect to improve the surface reaction kinetics and increases the charge transfer rate. Moreover, the internal electric field facilitates the separation and transfer of carriers and effectively impedes their recombination. As a result, the optimized Cd0.9Co0.1S NRs yield a remarkable H2 evolution rate of 8.009 mmol·g−1·h−1, which is approximately 7.2 times higher than that of pristine CdS. This work improves the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate by tuning and optimizing electronic structures through element addition and using the photothermal synergistic effect.
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15
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Xiang D, Hao X, Jin Z. Co 2P/CoP quantum dots surface heterojunction derived from amorphous Co 3O 4 quantum dots for efficient photocatalytic H 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:692-704. [PMID: 35878460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous/crystalline heterostructures show excellent potential in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as they can significantly facilitate surface adsorption and redox reactions. Herein, a unique amorphous Co2P/crystalline CoP quantum dots (Co2P/CoP QDs) Type-II surface heterojunction was derived from amorphous Co3O4 QDs via phosphorization. The intimate contact between Co2P QDs and CoP QDs was conducive to charge transfer, thereby promoting surface reaction kinetics. The unique structure and properties were beneficial to providing more active sites and controlling the electronic structures thus making amorphous/crystalline composites show superior photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production performance. Additionally, the amorphous Co2P QDs had a plethora of unsaturated bonds and abundant defects; the disordered structure led to increased active sites that promoted surface reaction kinetics. Due to the synergistic effect of the quantum confinement of QDs and the surface heterojunction, the charge transfer efficiency of Co2P/CoP QDs was extremely high, and high H2 evolution activity and photostability were achieved. The maximum H2 generation rate over the Co2P/CoP QDs composite reached 11.88 mmol h-1 g-1 with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 3.88 % at 420 nm, which is roughly 20-times that of the pure Co3O4 QDs. In addition, high photostability was realized; even the photocatalyst that stood for a week reached initial photoactivity. This work offers a novel idea for reasonably establishing amorphous/crystalline photocatalysts to achieve efficient H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Xuqiang Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
| | - Zhiliang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China.
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16
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Xu Z, Hu J, Dong H, Zhu Y, Zhu M. Near-Infrared Light-Assisted Methanol Oxidation Reaction over The Ferrous Phosphide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:599-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Humayun M, Wang C, Luo W. Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Applications of Composite Photocatalysts: A Critical Review. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101395. [PMID: 35174987 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an advanced technique that transforms solar energy into sustainable fuels and oxidizes pollutants via the aid of semiconductor photocatalysts. The main scientific and technological challenges for effective photocatalysis are the stability, robustness, and efficiency of semiconductor photocatalysts. For practical applications, researchers are trying to develop highly efficient and stable photocatalysts. Since the literature is highly scattered, it is urgent to write a critical review that summarizes the state-of-the-art progress in the design of a variety of semiconductor composite photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. Herein, a comprehensive review is presented that summarizes an overview, history, mechanism, advantages, and challenges of semiconductor photocatalysis. Further, the recent advancements in the design of heterostructure photocatalysts including alloy quantum dots based composites, carbon based composites including carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and graphene, covalent-organic frameworks based composites, metal based composites including metal carbides, metal halide perovskites, metal nitrides, metal oxides, metal phosphides, and metal sulfides, metal-organic frameworks based composites, plasmonic materials based composites and single atom based composites for CO2 conversion, H2 evolution, and pollutants oxidation are discussed elaborately. Finally, perspectives for further improvement in the design of composite materials for efficient photocatalysis are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Humayun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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18
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UV-VIS-NIR-induced extraordinary H2 evolution over W18O49/Cd0.5Zn0.5S: Surface plasmon effect coupled with S-scheme charge transfer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Sun L, Li L, Yang J, Fan J, Xu Q. Fabricating covalent organic framework/CdS S-scheme heterojunctions for improved solar hydrogen generation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Zhang H, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Li Y, Yin L, Huang J, Kong X. CdS/MnS p-n heterojunction with directional carriers diffusion path for efficient photocatalytic H2 production. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reactions usually involve the reduction of photogenerated electrons and the oxidation of photogenerated holes. The migration process of photongenerated holes is slower than photogenerated electronics, and the oxidation potential...
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21
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Li C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Huo P, Yan Y, Wang L, Liao G, Liu C. Interface engineering of Co 9S 8/CdIn 2S 4 ohmic junction for efficient photocatalytic H 2 evolution under visible light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:794-803. [PMID: 34052530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of high-performance photocatalysts from three aspects of simultaneous enhancement of light harvest, carrier migration rate, and redox reaction rate is still a great challenge. Herein, a novel Co9S8/CdIn2S4 ohmic junction with a robust internal electric field (IEF) is successfully prepared via hydrothermal and in situ synthesis methods and is used for effective photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE). Under simulated visible light irradiation, the PHE rate of 5% Co9S8/CdIn2S4 can reach 1083.6 μmol h-1 g-1, which is 6.4 times higher than that of CdIn2S4 (170.5 μmol h-1 g-1). The enhanced PHE performance is mainly ascribed to the improved light harvest and carrier separation efficiency and fast surface H2 evolution kinetics. Moreover, Co9S8 nanotubes serve as promising Co-based cocatalysts that can evidently enhance PHE activity. Additionally, Co9S8/CdIn2S4 shows superior stability because the photogenerated carrier transfer path restrains the photocorrosion behavior. The photocatalytic mechanism is proposed based on experimental results and DFT calculations. This work offers new insights for the design and development of highly active photocatalysts from interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Li
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yidong Zhao
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoteng Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pengwei Huo
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Science, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Guangfu Liao
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, China
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22
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Recent advances in Co-based co-catalysts for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1553-1575. [PMID: 34742073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in photocatalytic hydrogen generation reaction highlights the critical role of co-catalysts in enhancing the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of diverse band-matched semiconductors. Because of the compositional flexibility, adjustable microstructure, tunable crystal phase and facet, cobalt-based co-catalysts have stimulated tremendous attention as they have high potential to promote hydrogen evolution reaction. However, a comprehensive review that specifically focuses on these promising materials has not been reported so far. Therefore, this present review emphasizes the recent progress in the pursuing of highly efficient Co-based co-catalysts for water splitting, and the advances in such materials are summarized through the analysis of structure-activity relationships. The fundamental principles of photocatalytic hydrogen production are profoundly outlined, followed by an elaborate discussion on the crucial parameters influencingthe reaction kinetics. Then, the co-catalytic reactivities of various Co-based materials involving Co, Co oxides, Co hydroxides, Co sulfides, Co phosphides and Co molecular complexes, etc, are thoroughly discussed when they are coupled with host semiconductors, with an insight towards the ultimateobjective of achieving a rationally designed photocatalyst for enhancing water splitting reaction dynamics. Finally, the current challenge and future perspective of Co-based co-catalysts as the promising noble-metal alternative materials for solar hydrogen generation are proposed and discussed.
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23
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Sun J, Li S, Zhao Q, Huang C, Wu Q, Chen W, Xu Q, Yao W. Atomically confined calcium in nitrogen-doped graphene as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogen evolution. iScience 2021; 24:102728. [PMID: 34258559 PMCID: PMC8254045 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most abundant and cheapest elements on earth. However, due to the lack of d-orbitals for chemical adsorption, it is generally considered as a stoichiometric reagent with no catalytic activities in heterogeneous catalysis. In this research, we have revealed that atomically confined Ca in nitrogen-doped graphene (Ca1-NG) can be an effective heterogeneous catalyst to boost both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). Ca single atoms anchored in NG can efficiently enhance the HER performance due to the improvement of the interfacial charge transfer rate and suppression of the photo-generated charge recombination. Density functional theory calculations show that the high catalytic activity of Ca1-NG results from the Ca single atoms in NG, which leads to multiple H adsorption configurations with favorable ΔGH∗ values for HER. This research can be valuable for the designing of environmentally friendly, economical and efficient catalysts for renewable hydrogen production. Atomically confined Ca in nitrogen doped graphene is active and robust for HER Ca1-NG has multiple H adsorption configurations with favorable ΔGH∗ values for HER Single Ca atoms are trapped in SV+3N and DV+4N centers, and Ca clustering is prevented The AQE of the optimal Ca1-NG/CdS photocatalysts for HER is 57.5% at 420 nm
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, No.2588 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Suchun Li
- Department of Physics and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, No.2588 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 P. R. China
| | - Cunping Huang
- Aviation Fuels Research Laboratory, Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, No.2588 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Qunjie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, No.2588 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, PR China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Heat-exchange System and Energy Saving, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, No.2588 Changyang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200090, PR China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Heat-exchange System and Energy Saving, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
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24
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Zhang Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Li L, Gu H, Dai WL. Hierarchical fabrication of hollow Co 2P nanocages coated with ZnIn 2S 4 thin layer: Highly efficient noble-metal-free photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:632-640. [PMID: 33582365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The directional synthesis of transition metal phosphides was considered to be an effective strategy to solve the overdependence of noble metals on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) reactions. Inspiringly, this work reported a facile method for constructing hollow Co2P nanocages (Co2P NCGs) that derived from ZIF-67 by calcining and phosphiding procedure in nitrogen atmosphere to act as non-noble metal cocatalysts. Followed with further coating thin-layered ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) on the surface of Co2P NCGs through a hydrothermal reaction, the hierarchical robust Co2P/ZnIn2S4 nanocages (Co2P/ZIS NCGs) were then delicately fabricated as efficient photocatalysts for PHE reactions. The uniquely hollow structure of Co2P NCGs largely diffused the photogenerated chargers that induced from ZIS and the closely interfacial contact significantly promoted the separation and transfer of electrons from ZIS to Co2P according to density functional theory (DFT) calculation, synergistically resulting in an efficient hydrogen generation performance. PHE results showed that an efficient H2 evolution rate of 7.93 mmol/g/h over 10% Co2P/ZIS NCGs was achieved, about 10 times higher than that of pristine ZnIn2S4. More importantly, the hierarchically hollow Co2P/ZIS NCGs exhibited ascendant PHE activity in comparison with that of 1% noble metal (Pt, Au, Ag) loaded ZnIn2S4 with superior sustainability, all indicating the efficient and stable photocatalysts of Co2P/ZIS NCGs for PHE reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Juhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Huajun Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Wei-Lin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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25
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Hong LF, Guo RT, Yuan Y, Ji XY, Lin ZD, Li ZS, Pan WG. Recent Progress of Transition Metal Phosphides for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:539-557. [PMID: 33216454 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution can effectively alleviate the troublesome global energy crisis by converting solar energy into the chemical energy of hydrogen. In order to realize efficient hydrogen generation, a variety of semiconductor materials have been extensively investigated, including TiO2 , CdS, g-C3 N4 , metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and others. In recent years, to achieve higher photocatalytic performance and reach the level of large-scale industrial applications, photocatalysts decorated with transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have shone brightly because of their low cost, stable physical and chemical properties, and substitution for precious metals of TMPs. This Review highlights the preparation methods and properties associated with photocatalysis of TMPs. Moreover, the H2 generation efficiency of photocatalysts loaded with TMPs and the roles of TMPs in catalytic systems are also studied systematically. Apart from being co-catalysts, several TMPs can also serve as host catalysts to boost the activity of photocatalytic composites. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of TMPs are put forward, which is valuable for future researchers to expand the application of TMPs in photocatalytic directions and to develop more active photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Hong
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yin Ji
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Lin
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Power Generation Environment Protection, Shanghai, P. R. China
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26
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Xu M, Tremblay PL, Ding R, Xiao J, Wang J, Kang Y, Zhang T. Photo-augmented PHB production from CO 2 or fructose by Cupriavidus necator and shape-optimized CdS nanorods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142050. [PMID: 32898811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate photocatalysts developed for the solar energy-driven reduction of the greenhouse gas CO2 have a small product range and low specificity. Hybrid photosynthesis expands the number of products with photocatalysts harvesting sunlight and transferring charges to microbes harboring versatile metabolisms for bioproduction. Besides CO2, abiotic photocatalysts have been employed to increase microbial production yields of reduced compounds from organic carbon substrates. Most single-reactor hybrid photosynthesis systems comprise CdS assembled in situ by microbial activity. This approach limits optimization of the morphology, crystal structure, and crystallinity of CdS for higher performance, which is usually done via synthesis methods incompatible with life. Here, shape and activity optimized CdS nanorods were hydrothermally produced and subsequently applied to Cupriavidus necator for the heterotrophic and autotrophic production of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). C. necator with CdS NR under light produced 1.5 times more PHB when compared to the same bacterium with suboptimal commercially-available CdS. Illuminated C. necator with CdS NR synthesized 1.41 g PHB from fructose over 120 h and 28 mg PHB from CO2 over 48 h. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of CdS NR was specific to C. necator as the metabolism of other microbes often employed for bioproduction including yeast and bacteria was negatively impacted. These results demonstrate that hybrid photosynthesis is more productive when the photocatalyst characteristics are optimized via a separated synthesis process prior to being coupled with microbes. Furthermore, bioproduction improvement by CdS-based photocatalyst requires specific microbial species highlighting the importance of screening efforts for the development of performant hybrid photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pier-Luc Tremblay
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ran Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianxun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Junting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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27
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Li SH, Qi MY, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Nanostructured metal phosphides: from controllable synthesis to sustainable catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7539-7586. [PMID: 34002737 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal phosphides (MPs) with unique and desirable physicochemical properties provide promising potential in practical applications, such as the catalysis, gas/humidity sensor, environmental remediation, and energy storage fields, especially for transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and MPs consisting of group IIIA and IVA metal elements. Most studies, however, on the synthesis of MP nanomaterials still face intractable challenges, encompassing the need for a more thorough understanding of the growth mechanism, strategies for large-scale synthesis of targeted high-quality MPs, and practical achievement of functional applications. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update on the controllable synthetic strategies for MPs from various metal sources. Additionally, different passivation strategies for engineering the structural and electronic properties of MP nanostructures are scrutinized. Then, we showcase the implementable applications of MP-based materials in emerging sustainable catalytic fields including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, mild thermocatalysis, and related hybrid systems. Finally, we offer a rational perspective on future opportunities and remaining challenges for the development of MPs in the materials science and sustainable catalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hai Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Yu Qi
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Rong Tang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
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28
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Gai Q, Ren S, Zheng X, Liu W, Dong Q. The synergy of photodeposited CoNi co-catalysts for the photocatalytic performance of C 3N 4/CdS nanosheets: optimized Gibbs free energy and Co–S bridging bonds. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of C3N4/CdS is enhanced by the photodeposited CoNi alloyed NPs: the synergy of the optimized Gibbs free energy of the CoNi co-catalysts and the formed Co–S bridging bonds between CoNi and CdS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Gai
- Department of Optoelectronic Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics
| | - Shoutian Ren
- Department of Optoelectronic Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Zheng
- Department of Optoelectronic Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
| | - Quanli Dong
- Department of Optoelectronic Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Weihai 264209
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Sun Q, Yu Z, Jiang R, Hou Y, Sun L, Qian L, Li F, Li M, Ran Q, Zhang H. CoP QD anchored carbon skeleton modified CdS nanorods as a co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19203-19212. [PMID: 32926059 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An important strategy to improve the performance of catalysts is loading nanoparticle co-catalysts of better dispersion and conductivity. In this work, the ZIF-67-derived CoP quantum dot (QD) anchored graphitized carbon skeleton as a co-catalyst is loaded on CdS nanorods (NRs), while the CoP QDs derived from ZIF-67 are anchored to the carbon skeleton under phosphation and carbonization simultaneously. The porous, graphitized carbon skeleton can not only disperse CoP QDs, increasing active sites for the hydrogen reduction reaction, but also provide electron transfer channels, promoting electron transfer and increasing conductivity. In addition, the metallicity of CoP QDs makes it possible to form Schottky junctions, which is beneficial to the electron transfer at the interface. The results show that the composite photocatalyst can extensively improve the photocatalytic activity and stability, the H2 production rate is 104 947 μmol h-1 g-1 under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm), up to 55.2 times that of bare CdS NRs, the apparent quantum yield (AQY) reaches a high value of 32.16% at 420 nm, and the structure of the photocatalyst did not change after the reaction. This work provides an innovative method for the preparation of highly efficient noble metal-free photocatalysts for the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen energy, which has bright prospects in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Ronghua Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Hou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China. and Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning 530007, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Lun Qian
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Fengyuan Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Mingjie Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Ran
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Heqing Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China.
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30
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Ding Y, Shen Y, Peng C, Huang M, Hu P. Unraveling the Photogenerated Electron Localization on the Defect-Free CH 3NH 3PbI 3(001) Surfaces: Understanding and Implications from a First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8041-8047. [PMID: 32893641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The localization of photogenerated electrons in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials is crucial for reducing the electron-hole recombination rate. Here, the photogenerated electron localization is systematically investigated on the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite using first-principles calculations. It is found that under vacuum conditions, the photogenerated electron is delocalized in the MAPbI3 bulk as well as on the stochiometric MAPbI3(001) surface with the CH3NH3I (MAI) termination, while it is trapped on the defect-free PbI2-terminated surface. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the introduction of solutions will prompt the formation of localized electronic states. The photogenerated electron is discovered to be localized on both the MAI- and PbI2-terminated surfaces in the presence of solutions with different concentrations of HI, from pure water to the saturated solution. We demonstrate that the Pb-I bond weakening or breaking resulting in an unsaturated coordination of a Pb site is the prerequisite to trap the photogenerated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Yujie Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Chao Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Meilan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - P Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
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31
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Sakizadeh J, Cline JP, Snyder MA, Kiely CJ, McIntosh S. Tailored Coupling of Biomineralized CdS Quantum Dots to rGO to Realize Ambient Aqueous Synthesis of a High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42773-42780. [PMID: 32865390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite photocatalysts offer a promising route to efficient and clean hydrogen production. However, the multistep, high-temperature, solvent-based syntheses typically utilized to prepare these photocatalysts can limit their scalability and sustainability. Biosynthetic routes to produce functional nanomaterials occur at room temperature and in aqueous conditions, but typically do not produce high-performance materials. We have developed a method to produce a highly efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalyst consisting of CdS quantum dots (QDs) supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via enzyme-based syntheses combined with tuned ligand exchange-mediated self-assembly. All preparation steps are carried out in an aqueous environment at ambient temperature. Size-controlled CdS QDs and rGO are prepared through enzyme-mediated turnover of l-cysteine to HS- in aqueous solutions of Cd-acetate and graphene oxide, respectively. Exchange of cysteamine for the native l-cysteine ligand capping the CdS QDs drives self-assembly of the now positively charged cysteamine-capped CdS (CdS/CA) onto negatively charged rGO. The use of this short linker molecule additionally enables efficient charge transfer from CdS to rGO, increasing exciton lifetime and, subsequently, photocatalytic activity. The visible-light hydrogen evolution rate of the resulting CdS/CA/rGO photocatalyst is 3300 μmol h-1 g-1. This represents, to our knowledge, one of the highest reported rates for a CdS/rGO nanocomposite photocatalyst, irrespective of the synthesis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sakizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Joseph P Cline
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Mark A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Christopher J Kiely
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Steven McIntosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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32
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Wu S, Zhao Y, Deng X, Yang X, Wang X, Zhao Y. Oxygen defects engineered CdS/Bi2O2.33 direct Z-Scheme heterojunction for highly sensitive photoelectrochemical assay of Hg2+. Talanta 2020; 217:121090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Zhang X, Fan X, Wang X, Deng T, Liu E, Chen B. Facile fabrication of Co2P/TiO2 nanotube arrays photoelectrode for efficient methylene blue degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Xue W, Chang W, Hu X, Fan J, Bai X, Liu E. Highly dispersed copper cobalt oxide nanoclusters decorated carbon nitride with efficient heterogeneous interfaces for enhanced H 2 evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:203-216. [PMID: 32416550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reaction refers to a sophisticated heterogeneous catalyzing process. Exploring the interfacial reaction of catalysts will provide insights into efficient artificial photosynthetic system and promote its design. In this study, highly dispersed bimetallic CuCo2O4 nanoclusters decorated g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was produced by in-situ deposition of 0D CuCo2O4 spinel on the 2D g-C3N4 surface. Compared with CuO or Co3O4 modified g-C3N4, the optimal composite exhibits a significantly higher H2 evolution rate of 4187.6 μmol∙gcat-1∙h-1 with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 4.57% under the irradiation of monochromatic light (400 ± 7.5 nm) in the absence of noble metal. As suggested from the results of the photoelectrochemistry characterizations and NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) analysis, CuCo2O4/g-C3N4 exhibited faster HER kinetics and considerable surface acidity sites, and it facilitated triethanolamine (TEOA) chemisorption and H2 evolution, further highlighting the merits of such mixed-metal compounds. Moreover, the transfer pathway of charge carriers between CuCo2O4 and g-C3N4 heterogeneous interface was demonstrated by photo-degradation of RhB and selective photo-deposition Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wenxi Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Enzhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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35
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Yu Z, Qian L, Zhong T, Ran Q, Huang J, Hou Y, Li F, Li M, Sun Q, Zhang H. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of CdS through controllable self-assembly compositing with ZIF-67. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Kai S, Xi B, Li H, Xiong S. Z-scheme CdS/Co9S8-RGO for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state Z-scheme CdS/Co9S8-RGO heterostructures are synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method followed by annealing, which exhibit a H2 evolution rate up to 4.82 mmol h−1 g−1 and a remarkable stability due to an efficient charge transfer and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Kai
- School of Pharmacy
- Weifang Medical University
- Weifang 261053
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
| | - Baojuan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
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37
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Zhu J, Xu J, Du X, Li Q, Fu Y, Chen M. Photochemical deposition of amorphous MoSx on one-dimensional NaNbO3–CdS heterojunction photocatalysts for highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8891-8900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel ternary MoSx–CdS–NaNbO3 (MoSx–CN) photocatalyst was successfully fabricated through a two-step method (hydrothermal synthesis and photo-deposition step).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| | - Yihang Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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