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Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Ding S, Yang T, Pang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Study on the Preparation and Process Parameter-Mechanical Property Relationships of Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:897. [PMID: 38611153 PMCID: PMC11013043 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber fabric-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (CFF-PEEK) composites exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, and their flexibility and conformability make them a promising alternative to traditional prepregs. However, the formation of the CFF-PEEK composite is trapped in the high viscosity of PEEK, the smooth surface, and tightly interwoven bundles of CFF. It is more difficult for the resin to flow through the fibers of complex textile structures. Here, a simple film stacking method using the hot-pressing process of plain-woven CFF-PEEK thermoplastic composites is discussed. The uniform distribution of PEEK resin between each layer of CFF reduces the flow distance during the molding process, preventing defects in the composite material effectively. Four process parameters, including molding temperature (370, 385, 400, and 415 °C), molding pressure (1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 MPa), molding time (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 min), and pre-compaction process, are considered. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), tensile strength, and flexural strength of CFF/PEEK composites are evaluated to optimize the process parameters. Moreover, ultrasonic scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are employed to observe the formation quality and microscopic failure modes of CFF/PEEK composites, respectively. The ultimate process parameters are a molding temperature of 410 °C, molding pressure of 10 MPa, molding time of 60 min, and the need for the pre-compaction process. Under the best process parameters, the ILSS is 62.5 MPa, the flexural strength is 754.4 MPa, and the tensile strength is 796.1 MPa. This work provides valuable insight for studying the process parameters of fiber fabric-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites and revealing their impact on mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymers, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (S.D.); (T.Y.); (J.P.); (H.Z.); (Z.J.)
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2
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Rabinowitz A, DeSantis PM, Basgul C, Spece H, Kurtz SM. Taguchi optimization of 3D printed short carbon fiber polyetherketoneketone (CFR PEKK). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:105981. [PMID: 37481803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Taguchi method was utilized to optimize fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing with the goal of maximizing the flexural strength of 3D printed polyaryletherketone specimens. We analyzed 3D printed (3DP) carbon fiber reinforced poly-etherketoneketone (CFR PEKK), 3D printed and pressed (3DP + P) CFR PEKK, and injection molded medical grade polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as a control. Fracture surfaces were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters that were varied in the optimization included nozzle diameter, layer height, print speed, raster angle, and nozzle temperature. We analyzed the flexural strength and flexural modulus determined from 3-point bending (ASTM D790). Using Taguchi optimization, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was calculated to determine the relationship between the input parameters and flexural strength and to determine optimal print settings. Results were confirmed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The raster angle and layer height were determined to have the greatest impact on the flexural strength of specimens printed in the FFF process for 3DP CFR PEKK. The optimized printing parameters were found to be 0/90 Raster Angle, 0.25 mm layer height, 0.8 mm Nozzle Diameter, 375 °C nozzle temperature, and 1100 mm/min print speed. The optimized 3DP CFR PEKK test samples had a flexural strength of 111.3 ± 5.3 MPa and a flexural modulus of 3.5 GPa. 3DP + P CFR PEKK samples had a flexural strength of 257.2 ± 17.8 MPa and a flexural modulus of 8.2 GPa. Statistical comparisons between means demonstrated that pressing significantly improves both flexural strength and flexural modulus of 3DP CFR PEKK. The results of this study support the hypothesis that post consolidation of 3DP specimens improves mechanical properties. Post-processing composites via pressing may allow greater design freedom within the 3DP process while improving mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Rabinowitz
- Implant Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Paul M DeSantis
- Implant Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cemile Basgul
- Implant Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Spece
- Implant Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Lin Z, Zhong J, Sun R, Wei Y, Sun Z, Li W, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhang H, Pang J, Jiang Z. InSitu Integrated Fabrication for Multi-Interface Stabilized and Highly Durable Polyaniline@Graphene Oxide/Polyether Ether Ketone Special Separation Membranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302654. [PMID: 37381631 PMCID: PMC10477839 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Special separation membranes are widely employed for separation and purification purposes under challenging operating conditions due to their low energy consumption, excellent solvent, and corrosion resistance. However, the development of membranes is limited by corrosion-resistant polymer substrates and precise interfacial separation layers. Herein, polyaniline (PANI) is employed to achieve insitu anchoring of multiple interfaces, resulting in the fabrication of polyaniline@graphene oxide/polyether ether ketone (PANI@GO/PEEK) membranes. Insitu growth of PANI achieves the adequate bonding of the PEEK substrate and GO separation interface, which solves the problem of solution processing of PEEK and the instability of GO layers. By bottom-up confined polymerization of aniline, it could control the pore size of the separation layer, correct defects, and anchor among polymer, nano-separation layer, and nano-sheet. The mechanism of membrane construction within the confined domain and micro-nano structure modulation is further explored. The membranes demonstrate exceptional stability realizing over 90% rejection in 2 m HCl, NaOH, and high temperatures. Additionally, -membranes exhibit remarkable durability after 240 days immersion and 100 h long-term operation, which display the methanol flux of 50.2 L m-2 h-1 and 92% rejection of AF (585 g mol-1 ). This method substantially contributes to special separation membranes by offering a novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Jundong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Runyin Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yingzhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yirong Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Pang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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4
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Ostertag B, Ross AE. Wet-Spun Porous Carbon Microfibers for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17601-17611. [PMID: 36989172 PMCID: PMC10316334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel copolymer-based, uniform porous carbon microfiber (PCMF) formed via wet-spinning for significantly improved electrochemical detection. Carbon fiber (CF), fabricated from a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor, is commonly used in batteries or for electrochemical detection of neurochemicals due to its biplanar geometry and desirable edge plane sites with high surface free energy and defects for enhanced analyte interactions. Recently, the presence of pores within carbon materials has presented interesting electrochemistry leading to detection improvements; however, there is currently no method to uniformly create pores on a carbon microfiber surface impacting a broad range of electrochemical applications. Here, we synthesized controllable porous carbon fibers from a spinning dope of the copolymers PAN and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in dimethylformamide via wet spinning for the first time. PMMA serves as a sacrificial block introducing macropores of increased edge-plane character on the fiber. Methods were optimized to produce porous CFs at similar dimensions to traditional CF. We prove that an increase in porosity enhances the degree of disorder on the surface, resulting in significantly improved detection capabilities with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Local trapping of analytes at porous geometries enables electrochemical reversibility with improved sensitivity, linear range of detection, and measurement temporal resolution. Overall, we demonstrate the utility of a copolymer synthetic method for PCMF fabrication, providing a stable, controlled macroporous fiber framework with enhanced edge plane character. This work will significantly advance fundamental investigations of how pores and edge plane sites influence electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Ostertag
- University of Cincinnati Department of Chemistry 312 College Dr. 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati Department of Chemistry 312 College Dr. 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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5
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Achieving toughening of PEEK via preparation of thermally stable and crystalline PEKEKK nanospheres by microemulsion method. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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6
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Fan R, Yan T, Su J, Zhao H, Zha L, Zhou J, Zhu S. A water-soluble PAAs sizing agent for enhancing interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites (CF/PPS). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2142135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High-Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Ministry Joint), Key Laboratory of High-Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High-Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Ministry Joint), Key Laboratory of High-Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High-Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Ministry Joint), Key Laboratory of High-Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liusheng Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High-Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Ministry Joint), Key Laboratory of High-Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of High-Performance Fibers and Composites (Province-Ministry Joint), Key Laboratory of High-Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for lightweight composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Shi R, Ye D, Ma K, Tian W, Zhao Y, Guo H, Shao Z, Guan J, Ritchie RO. Understanding the Interfacial Adhesion between Natural Silk and Polycaprolactone for Fabrication of Continuous Silk Biocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46932-46944. [PMID: 36194850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The poor interfacial adhesion between silk fiber and polyester species remains a critical problem for the optimal mechanical performance of silk-reinforced polyester composites. Here, we investigated in quantitative terms the interfacial properties between natural silk fibers and polycaprolactone (PCL) at nano-, micro-, and macroscales and fabricated continuous silk-PCL composite filaments by melt extrusion and drawing processing of PCL melt at 100, 120, and 140 °C. Bombyx mori (Bm) silk, Antheraea pernyi (Ap) silk, and polyamide6 (PA6) fiber were compared to the composite with PCL. The Ap silk exhibited the highest surface energy, the best wettability, and the largest interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with PCL. The silk-PCL composite from the 120 °C melt processing displayed the highest tensile modulus, implying an optimal temperature for interfacial adhesion. The Raman imaging technique revealed in detail the nature of the physical fusion of the interface phase in these silk- and polyamide-reinforced PCL composites. This work is intended to lay a foundation for the design and processing of robust composites from continuous silk fibers and bioresorbable polyesters for potential structural biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Ye
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, P. R. China
| | - Juan Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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8
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Javaid S, Dey M, Matzke C, Gupta S. Synthesis and characterization of engineered
PEEK
‐based composites for enhanced tribological and mechanical performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Javaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Maharshi Dey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Caleb Matzke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Surojit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
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9
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Jiang L, Shi XL, Lv Y, Gong H, Liu S, Du M, Hu Q, Shi K. Acid–base bifunctional catalysis by a heteropolyacid and amines on the polyetheretherketone fiber for cleaner acceleration of the one-pot tandem reactions. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Nuchtavorn N, Rypar T, Nedjl L, Vaculovicova M, Macka M. Distance-based detection in analytical flow devices: from gas detection tubes to microfluidic chips and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Enhancing mechanical and interfacial properties of PEEK/epoxy/SWCNT composites employing aromatic hydroxyl and amine-functionalized SWCNTs. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Xu N, Li Y, Zheng T, Xiao L, Liu Y, Chen S, Zhang D. A mussel-inspired strategy for CNT/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite by hierarchical surface modification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Ouyang H, Zhou M, Fei J, Duan X, Liu T, Zhao B, Huang JF. Grafting the buffer interphase ''
MOF
‐5'' for acquiring carbon fiber reinforced composite with excellent mechanical and tribological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Man Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jie Fei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiao Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Bei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jian Feng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Green Manufacturing & Functional Application of Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
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14
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Chen F, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhang D, Song J, Crick CR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Lu Y. Robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8476-8583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of characterization, design, fabrication, and application of robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faze Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yanling Tian
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Colin R. Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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15
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Lin Z, Cao N, Sun Z, Li W, Sun Y, Zhang H, Pang J, Jiang Z. Based On Confined Polymerization: In Situ Synthesis of PANI/PEEK Composite Film in One-Step. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103706. [PMID: 34766471 PMCID: PMC8728828 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Confined polymerization is an effective method for precise synthesis, which can further control the micro-nano structure inside the composite material. Polyaniline (PANI)-based composites are usually prepared by blending and original growth methods. However, due to the strong rigidity and hydrogen bonding of PANI, the content of PANI composites is low and easy to agglomerate. Here, based on confined polymerization, it is reported that polyaniline /polyether ether ketone (PANI/PEEK) film with high PANI content is synthesized in situ by a one-step method. The micro-nano structure of the two polymers in the confined space is further explored and it is found that PANI grows in the free volume of the PEEK chain, making the arrangement of the PEEK chain more orderly. Under the best experimental conditions, the prepared 16 µm-PANI/PEEK film has a dielectric constant of 205.4 (dielectric loss 0.401), the 75 µm-PANI/PEEK film has a conductivity of 3.01×10-4 S m-1 . The prepared PANI/PEEK composite film can be further used as electronic packaging materials, conductive materials, and other fields, which has potential application prospects in anti-static, electromagnetic shielding materials, corrosion resistance, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Ning Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yirong Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Pang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University)Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High Performance PolymerCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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16
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Binetti L, Simpson F, Alwis LSM. Evaluation of Viscosity Dependence of the Critical Meniscus Height with Optical Fiber Sensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21238130. [PMID: 34884134 PMCID: PMC8662447 DOI: 10.3390/s21238130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Conventional means of data extraction using optical fiber interrogators are not adequate for fast-paced detection of a target parameter. In this instance, the relationship between the critical meniscus heights (CMH) of several liquids to the extraction speed of a rod submerged in them, have been analyzed. A limitation of a previous interrogator used for the purpose had been light absorption by the liquid due to the used bandwidth of the readily-available light source, i.e., C-band. The newly proposed technique addresses this limitation by utilizing a broadband light source instead, with a Si-photodetector and an Arduino. In addition, the Arduino is capable of extracting data at a relatively faster rate with respect to the conventional optical interrogator. The use of a different operational wavelength (850 nm instead of 1550 nm) increased the r2 and the sensitivity of the sensor. The new setup can measure surface chemistry properties, with the advantage of being comparatively cheaper than the conventionally available interrogator units, thereby providing a suitable alternative to conventional measurement techniques of liquid surface properties, while reducing material waste, i.e., in terms of the required volume for detection of a target parameter, through the use of optical fiber.
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17
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Feng Z, Hu F, Lv L, Gao L, Lu H. Preparation of ultra-high mechanical strength wear-resistant carbon fiber textiles with a PVA/PEG coating. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25530-25541. [PMID: 35478898 PMCID: PMC9036999 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03983k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an organic polymer that is non-toxic, harmless to the human body, and has good biocompatibility. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymer that has good lubricity and compatibility. The unique graphite structure of carbon fibers can promote the potential application of carbon–fiber composites in tribology. This study explores the relationship between two kinds of organic polymer compounds and carbon fiber cloth (CFC), specifically a PVA/PEG composite coating that is impregnated on the CFC surface. The CFC is synthesized by chemical cross-linking, and the CFC composites (PVA/PEG/CFC) were synthesized. The tribological properties of PVA/PEG/CFC were tested under different concentrations, loads, and velocities. The effects of the different lubricants, surface morphologies, and tensile strengths on the mechanical and tribological properties of PVA/PEG/CFC were studied. In comparison to the original CFC, the friction coefficient and wear morphology of the composite material were reduced and the friction coefficient trend was stable. The addition of PVA/PEG improved the surface lubrication performance of the composite material and reduced the average friction coefficient. In addition, under the different lubrication mechanisms, oil as a lubricant can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and surface wear. In summary, the biocompatible coating process that is proposed in this study can effectively improve the tribological properties of the surface of the CFC. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an organic polymer that is non-toxic, harmless to the human body, and has good biocompatibility. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymer that has good lubricity and compatibility. As a new coating material, PVA/PEG has good mechanical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Feng
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 P. R. China
| | - Leifeng Lv
- Department of Orthopadics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 P. R. China
| | - Hailin Lu
- Group of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Modern Intelligent Textile Equipment, College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an Shaanxi 710048 P. R. China
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18
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Ruan R, Wang Y, Hu C, Gao A, Xu L. Electrode Potential Regulation of Carbon Fiber Based on Galvanic Coupling and Its Application in Electrochemical Grafting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17013-17021. [PMID: 33783188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reaction behavior of carbon fiber in electrochemical grafting is related to its electrode potential. In this paper, carbon fiber and metals with different electrode potentials were used to form combined electrodes to regulate the electrode potential of carbon fiber. The results showed that galvanic coupling was formed in the combined anode when the potential difference between carbon fiber and the metal (Δϕ = ϕCF0 - ϕmetal) was higher than 0.05 V. The electrode potential of carbon fiber was reduced due to cathodic polarization. The electrode potential of carbon fiber after galvanic coupling was proportional to the self-corrosion potential of metals. By applying the electrode potential regulation of carbon fiber in the electrochemical grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) onto the carbon fiber surface, the grafting effect was significantly improved with the decrease of the electrode potential of carbon fibers. The grafting amount of carbon fibers increased from 0.83 to 69.86% as the electrode potential of carbon fibers dropped from 0.55 to -0.72 V. Consequently, the interfacial shear strength of the carbon fiber composite was remarkably promoted from 47.59 to 81.41 MPa, increasing by 71.07%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changtong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Aijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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19
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Yu X, Yao S, Chen C, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Khademhosseini A, Wan J, Wu Q. Preparation of Poly(ether-ether-ketone)/Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Improved Mechanical Performance and Biointerfacial Affinity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29398-29406. [PMID: 33225171 PMCID: PMC7676340 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) displays promising potential in hard tissue repair and orthopedic surgery due to its adaptable mechanical performance, good chemical resistance, and bioinertness. However, the low biointerfacial affinity of pure PEEK implants and the decrease of mechanical strength after processing greatly limit their clinical applications. In this work, the influences on mechanical performance and biointerfacial affinity of the PEEK/nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) composites are systematically investigated. Results show that the mechanical performance of PEEK/nHA composites was improved by adjusting the nHA content. The maximum values of the tensile, compressive, bending, and impact strength of the composites were increased by approximately 16.2, 25, 54, and 21%, respectively, when compared with that of pure PEEK. Studies in vitro show that PEEK/nHA composites display good cytocompatibility and promote the biomimic formation of HA, adhesion, and proliferation of L929 cells on the surface. Studies in vivo demonstrate that, compared to the pure PEEK, PEEK/nHA composites exhibit higher biointerfacial affinity, including the adhesion and encapsulation of muscle tissues on the surface of the implants and the suppression of inflammatory reaction around the implants. Our findings could pave the way for extensive applications of PEEK/nHA composites in hard tissue repair, particularly orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhi Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shun Yao
- Center
for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, The First
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yaomin Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Youfa Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center
for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jiangling Wan
- National
Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and
Processing, Biomedical Material and Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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20
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Wang T, Zhang K, Wang S, Wang D, Zhao X, Zhou H, Chen C. Interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber to special engineering plastics: Effect of the functional groups in the matrix. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320966042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in carbon fiber (CF) and special engineering plastics matrix, with an emphasis on the effect of the functional group in the matrix. The IFSS was analyzed to quantify the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. To obtain the apparent IFSS of the composites, microdroplet test was measured at single-fiber composites. Results of the microdroplet test displayed that the apparent IFSS in the composites was directly determined by their inherent surface properties and the functional groups in the matrix. Compared with other matrices, polyetherimide (PEI) exhibited relatively strong mechanical bonding and interfacial adhesion, showing that the imide groups had good interfacial compatibility with the pristine CF surface. Based on the results of this study, polymers containing imide groups were one of the best candidates for sizing agent of CF used as reinforcement of high-temperature thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Jiao Z, Yao Z, Zhou J, Yi P, Lu C. Reinforced interface and mechanical properties of high strength carbon fiber composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320957398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the surface analysis of carbon fiber, an epoxy resin matrix with good wettability to carbon fibers had been developed and studied, and the influence of winding tension on the interface and mechanical properties of the composite were studied. The surface morphology of carbon fiber and the active functional groups of sizing agent were analyzed. In order to form a good interface combination, the wettability between carbon fibers and epoxy resin matrix was characterized by dynamic contact angle. The winding tension played an important role in the mechanical properties of composites. Therefore, a kind of carbon fiber reinforced composites, Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) rings were fabricated using different winding tensions. Particularly, when the winding tension was 30 N, the interfacial bonding between carbon fibers and resin matrix was the most compact and firm. The tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of NOL rings reached high values, 2712 MPa and 75 MPa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibao Jiao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Yao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Qiyi Technology Co., Ltd, Danyang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengshu Yi
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Material Preparation and Protection for Harsh Environment (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Qiyi Technology Co., Ltd, Danyang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Mussel-Inspired Co-Deposition of Polydopamine/Silica Nanoparticles onto Carbon Fiber for Improved Interfacial Strength and Hydrothermal Aging Resistance of Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030712. [PMID: 32210074 PMCID: PMC7182870 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and effective strategy was first proposed for the codeposition of a mussel-inspired nanohybrid coating with excellent wettability onto the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) by simultaneous polymerization of bioinspired dopamine (DA) and hydrolysis of commercial tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in an eco-friendly one-pot process. Mussel-inspired nanohybrids could be adhered onto the surface of CFs firmly. The novel modification could afford sufficient polar groups and significantly improve fiber surface roughness and energy without decreasing fiber intrinsic strength, which were advantageous to promote interfacial compatibility and wettability between CFs and matrix resin. As a result, the interfacial shear strength of composites increased to 48.21 ± 1.45 MPa compared to that of untreated composites 29.47 ± 0.88 MPa. Meanwhile, the nanohybrid coating increased significantly composites’ hydrothermal aging resistance. The efficient strategy shows a promising and green platform of surface functionalization of CFs for preparing advanced polymer composites arising from broadly mechanical-demanding and energy-saving usages.
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23
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Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:polym12010045. [PMID: 31905612 PMCID: PMC7023525 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile in situ polymerization was developed for grafting renewable cardanol onto the carbon fiber (CF) surfaces to strengthen the fiber–matrix interface. CFs were chemically modified with hydroxyl groups by using an aryl diazonium reaction, and then copolymerized in situ with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and cardanol to build cardanol-modified fibers (CF-cardanol). The cardanol molecules were successfully introduced, as confirmed using Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); the cardanol molecules were found to increase the surface roughness, energy, interfacial wettability, and activity with the matrix resin. As a result, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF-cardanol composites increased from 48.2 to 68.13 MPa. In addition, the anti-hydrothermal ageing properties of the modified composites were significantly increased. The reinforcing mechanisms of the fiber–matrix interface were also studied.
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