1
|
Li Z, Li Z, Zhou S, Zhang J, Zong L. Biomimetic Multiscale Oriented PVA/NRL Hydrogel Enabled Multistimulus Responsive and Smart Shape Memory Actuator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311240. [PMID: 38299719 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Shape memory hydrogels provide a worldwide scope for functional soft materials. However, most shape memory hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical properties, leading to low actuation strength, which severely limits their applications in smart biomimetic devices. Herein, a strategy for muscle-inspired shape memory-oriented polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-natural rubber latex (NRL) hydrogel (OPNH) with multiscale oriented structure is demonstrated. The shape memory function comes from the stretch-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR), while PVA forms strong hydrogen bonding interactions with proteins and phospholipids on the surface of NRL particles. Meanwhile, the reconfigurable interactions of PVA and NR produce a multiscale-oriented structure during stretch-drying, improving the mechanical and shape memory properties. The resultant OPNH shows excellent interfacial compatibility, exhibiting outstanding mechanical performance (3.2 MPa), high shape fixity (≈80%) and shape recovery ratio (≈92%), high actuation strength (206 kPa), working capacity (105 kJ m- 3), extremely short response time (≈2 s), low response temperature (28 °C) and smart thermal responsiveness. It can even maintain muscle-like working capacity when lifting a load equivalent to 372 times its weight, providing a new class shape memory material for the application in smart biomimetic muscles and multistimulus responsive devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shan Dong Sheng, Qing Dao Shi, 266042, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng P, Lei J, Mei J, Liu W, Wang H. Effect of lignin on the structure-property behavior of metal-coordinated and chemically crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132766. [PMID: 38823742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The efficient development and utilization of green biomass-based macromolecule engineering materials are essential for the sustainable development of human civilization. In this study, lignin-based ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) composites with excellent mechanical performance were fabricated using a simple method. The effects of water-insoluble enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin (EL) and alkali lignin (KL) on the mechanical performance of the composites were investigated separately. The results showed that the tensile strength of EPDM reinforced with KL and EL increased to 24.5 MPa and 22.1 MPa, respectively, surpassing that of the carbon black (CB)-reinforced EPDM. After 72 h of thermo-oxidative aging, the retention rates of the tensile strength and elongation at break in the lignin-reinforced EPDM were much better than those formed with pure CB, indicating that lignin significantly improved the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of the composites. In summary, the Zn2+ coordination bonds formed between the interface of EPDM and lignin in lignin/CB/EPDM ternary composites effectively improved the mechanical performance and aging resistance of the composites. This study has significant implications for enhancing the utilization of lignin and green functional polymer materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China..
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Y, Zheng H, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang J, Xie Q, Jing S, Qin X, Zhang L. Synergistic Development of Natural Rubber/Butyl Rubber Composites for Improved Interfacial Bonding and Enhanced Shock-Absorbing Capabilities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13897-13905. [PMID: 38559937 PMCID: PMC10975628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Shock-absorbing materials play a vital role in various industrial sectors, including construction and transportation. Among these materials, natural rubber (NR) stands out due to its exceptional elastic and mechanical properties, coupled with its robust crack resistance. Nevertheless, with the rising demand for enhanced damping capacities, there is a need to further optimize the damping performance of NR. One direct approach is to blend it with high-damping rubber. Butyl rubber (IIR) is a prominent member of the high-damping rubber category. Integrating IIR effectively with the NR, however, presents challenges. These challenges arise from IIR's inherent characteristics, such as its low unsaturation, slower vulcanization rate, and restricted compatibility with NR. Addressing these challenges, our study employed isoprene and isobutene to synthesize a variant of butyl rubber with a higher degree of unsaturation-achieving an unsaturation level between 4 and 6 mol %. Notably, this heightened unsaturation significantly expedited the curing time of IIR and facilitated the concurrent vulcanization of both IIR and NR. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, we observed that the introduction of unsaturated double bonds ameliorated the compatibility between NR and IIR, leading to an interfacial region extending up to 1000 nm. Our tests using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and rubber processing analyzer demonstrated the material's damping temperature range. Furthermore, there was a noticeable rise in the loss factor (tan δ) at ambient temperature, which remains over 0.1 across both a frequency window of 0.2 to 5 Hz and a strain spectrum of 10 to 200%. This tan δ enhancement ensured the potential of these rubber composites for shock-absorbing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongbing Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Shandong
Chambroad Sinopoly New Materials Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Shandong
Chambroad Sinopoly New Materials Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Shuailin Jing
- Shandong
Chambroad Sinopoly New Materials Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
- Institute
of Emergent Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mai TT, Yasui T, Tanaka R, Masunaga H, Kabe T, Tsunoda K, Sakurai S, Urayama K. Unraveling Non-Uniform Strain-Induced Crystallization Near a Crack Tip in Natural Rubber. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307741. [PMID: 38229202 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in natural rubber (NR) near crack tips significantly enhances crack growth resistance, but understanding the interplay between local strain field and crystallization remains challenging due to confined and heterogeneous characteristics. Using micro-scale digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD, with a narrow 10 µm square beam), this study maps local strain tensor properties and SIC in the vicinity of the crack tip and its peripheral zone (≈3 mm × 1 mm area). The analysis reveals a significant correlation between these properties. In the peripheral zone, there is a noticeable deviation of both the principal strain axis and the crystal orientation from the crack opening direction. These deviations are linearly correlated, which indicates that shear strain plays a significant role in determining the crystal orientation. Crucially, the maximum tensile component in the tensor of local principal strains predominantly dictates local crystallinity. This simplicity is attributed to the limited variation in types of deformation within the SIC region, with corresponding to deformations falling between planar and uniaxial stretching. These findings pave the way for predicting crystallinity distribution using solely strain field data, offering valuable insights into the role of SIC in enhancing the crack growth resistance of NR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tam Mai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yasui
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ruito Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taizo Kabe
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunoda
- Sustainable and Advanced Materials Division, Bridgestone Corporation, Tokyo, 187-8531, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Q, Liu Z, Huang Y, Hu A, Huang W, Zhang L, Cui L, Liu J. Predicting Natural Rubber Crystallinity by a Novel Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17088-17099. [PMID: 37983181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) with excellent mechanical properties, mainly attributed to its strain-induced crystallization (SIC), has garnered significant scientific and technological interest. With the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we can investigate the impacts of crucial structural elements on SIC on the molecular scale. Nonetheless, the computational complexity and time-consuming nature of this high-precision method constrain its widespread application. The integration of machine learning with MD represents a promising avenue for enhancing the speed of simulations while maintaining accuracy. Herein, we developed a crystallinity algorithm tailored to the SIC properties of natural rubber materials. With the data enhancement algorithm, the high evaluation value of the prediction model ensures the accuracy of the computational simulation results. In contrast to the direct utilization of small sample prediction algorithms, we propose a novel concept grounded in feature engineering. The proposed machine learning (ML) methodology consists of (1) An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model to predict the crystallinity of NR; (2) a generative adversarial network (GAN) data augmentation algorithm to optimize the utilization of the limited training data, which is utilized to construct the XGB prediction model; (3) an elaboration of the effects induced by phospholipid and protein percentage (ω), hydrogen bond strength (εH), and non-hydrogen bond strength (εNH) of natural rubber materials with crystallinity prediction under dynamic conditions are analyzed by employing weight integration with feature importance analysis. Eventually, we succeeded in concluding that εH has the most significant effect on the strain-induced crystallinity, followed by ω and finally εNH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qionghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Liu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdi Huang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwen Hu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Cui
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hiraiwa S, Mai TT, Tsunoda K, Urayama K. Strain hardening in biaxially stretched elastomers undergoing strain-induced crystallization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34630-34636. [PMID: 38024973 PMCID: PMC10680358 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We reveal strain hardening due to strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in both cross-linked natural rubber (NR) and its synthetic analogue (IR) under planar extension, a type of biaxial stretching where the rubber is stretched in one direction while maintaining the dimension in the other direction unchanged. Utilizing a bespoke biaxial tensile tester, planar extension tests were conducted on geometrically designed and optimally shaped sheet specimens to achieve a uniform and highly strained field. Evident strain hardening due to SIC was observed in both stretching (x) and constrained (y) directions when the stretch (λx) exceeded a critical value λx,c. The λx,c value aligned with the onset stretch of SIC in planar extension, as determined by wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Interestingly, the nominal stress ratio between the constrained (σy) and stretching (σx) axes as a function of λx exhibited a distinct minimum near λx,c. This minimum signifies that the increment of σx induced by an increase in λx surpasses that of σy before strain hardening (λx < λx,c), while the relationship is reversed in the strain hardening region (λx > λx,c). The λx,c value in planar extension (4.7 for IR and 4.5 for NR) was slightly lower than that in uniaxial extension (5.7 for IR and 5.2 for NR). This difference in λx,c values can be explained by considering a single mechanical work required for strain hardening, owing to the relatively small dissimilarities between the two stretching modes. This investigation contributes significantly to the understanding of SIC phenomena in biaxial stretching, and provides valuable insights for predicting the mechanical response of SIC rubber under various deformation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Hiraiwa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Thanh-Tam Mai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunoda
- Sustainable and Advanced Materials Division, Bridgestone Corporation Tokyo 187-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamashita Y, Uematsu H, Tanoue S. Calculation of Strain Energy Density Function Using Ogden Model and Mooney-Rivlin Model Based on Biaxial Elongation Experiments of Silicone Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102266. [PMID: 37242841 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain energy density functions are used in CAE analysis of hyperelastic materials such as rubber and elastomers. This function can originally be obtained only by experiments using biaxial deformation, but the difficulty of such experiments has made it almost impossible to put the function to practical use. Furthermore, it has been unclear how to introduce the strain energy density function necessary for CAE analysis from the results of biaxial deformation experiments on rubber. In this study, parameters of the Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin approximations of the strain energy density function were derived from the results of biaxial deformation experiments on silicone rubber, and their validity was verified. These results showed that it is best to determine the coefficients of the approximate equations for the strain energy density function after 10 cycles of repeated elongation of rubber in an equal biaxial deformation state, followed by equal biaxial elongation, uniaxial constrained biaxial elongation, and uniaxial elongation to obtain these three stress-strain curves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, Fukui 9110-8507, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Uematsu
- Frontier Fiber Technology and Science Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 9910-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tanoue
- Research Center for Fibers and Materials, University of Fukui, Fukui 9110-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu W. Personal Perspective on Strain-Induced Polymer Crystallization. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:822-827. [PMID: 36683336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Semicrystalline polymer materials are commonly strong yet tough after processed through fiber spinning, film stretching (or blowing), and plastic molding (or foaming), which are fundamentally related with strain-induced crystallization. This paper provides a personal perspective on thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of strain-induced polymer crystallization, mainly based on the author's recent research experience. The thermodynamic studies include homopolymers, random copolymers, solution polymers, and blend polymers. The kinetic studies cover three sequential crystallization stages, i.e., crystal nucleation, crystal growth, and postgrowth. The thermodynamic driving forces join with the kinetic barriers to determine the crystal nucleation mechanisms and the structure evolution at the molecular level, which yield unique polymer crystal morphologies from lamellar crystals to shish-kebab crystals and eventually fibril crystals. The resulting semicrystalline structures were discussed with their implications for the mechanical properties of products. Some future studies were briefly proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Liu S, Lu Y, Cheng H, Han X, Liu L, Meng L, Yu W, Cui K, Li L. A versatile biaxial stretching device for in situ synchrotron radiation small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering measurements of polymer films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023906. [PMID: 36859001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A biaxial stretching device is designed and developed for the real-time structural measurements of polymer films. This device adopts a vertical layout to perform real-time x-ray scattering measurements. It has a maximum stretching ratio of 8 × 8 in two perpendicular directions. Its maximum experimental temperature and stretching rate are 250 °C and 100 mm/s, respectively. The control accuracies of the experimental temperature and stretching rate are ±1 °C and 0.01 mm, respectively. All the parameters related to film biaxial processing, such as stretching speed, stretching ratio, and temperature, can be independently set. The device feasibility is demonstrated via a real-time experiment in a synchrotron radiation beamline. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction, small-angle x-ray scattering, and stress-strain data can be simultaneously obtained during various stretching modes. The proposed device fills the gap between the synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering technique and the biaxial stretching processing of polymer films. This device will play an important role in improving the understanding of the physics behind biaxial polymer processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhe Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yimin Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xueqing Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbao Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wancheng Yu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Y, Tao W, Chen W. Evidence for complexation-induced micro-extension of poly(vinyl alcohol) chains in interphase and amorphous domains from solid-state NMR. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8974-8982. [PMID: 36382492 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The three-phase structure of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-iodine complexes was elucidated by solid-state NMR (SSNMR), of which the micro-extension of the PVA segment in the interphase and amorphous domains was directly confirmed. The three-phase structure of the PVA-iodine complex was decomposed by the inverse 13C T1-filter, where 13C NMR resonance lines of a C(H) triplet were observed in all three phases. The chain axis of ∼26% extended chains in the interphase deviates 35°-50° relative to the stretching direction, while there is only a 1° deviation for the extended chains in the crystalline domain. The increasing iodine concentration results in the increment of hydrogen-bonded C(H) fractions in both the amorphous and interphase domains, while the distribution of different C(H) fractions remains almost constant in the crystalline domain. Such an increment results from the locally extended PVA chains induced by polyiodine species (I3-/I5-), since the hydrogen bond(s) (HBs) required a specific direction. Direct evidence for this comes from the similar 13C CP/MAS spectra of C(H) in the three phases between unoriented iodine-doped PVA and highly oriented pure PVA. This supports the aggregation model for the formation mechanism of PVA-iodine complexes, where the PVA chain takes an extended zig-zag conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wei Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nie C, Peng F, Cao R, Cui K, Sheng J, Chen W, Li L. Recent progress in flow‐induced polymer crystallization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Nie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Fan Peng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Renkuan Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Le Cam JB, Tayeb A, Charlès S. First evidence and characterization of strain-induced crystallization heterogeneity in natural rubber under homogeneous strain states. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
13
|
Chen P, Xia Z, Luo Y, Chen W. A cryo-bulge apparatus for in situ weather balloon crystallization capturing during blowing by synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053901. [PMID: 35649752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cryo-bulge apparatus, which can be directly installed in the synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering beamline, is designed and manufactured. Using the cryo-bulge apparatus, the crystallization of natural rubber during blowing can be captured in situ. For mechanical measurements, the rubber film is tightly clamped at the periphery of a circular window. A low temperature measurement is achieved by the presence of a large iron block, which ensures low temperature variation (<±2 °C in 1 h) during x-ray data acquisition. Since the incident x-ray beam passes through the top-most position of the rubber film, the information obtained by the current equipment is essentially under an equibiaxial deformation mode. Owing to precisely controlled internal pressure and temperature, the crystallization of rubber can be observed in situ by wide-angle x-ray scattering. The onset of crystallization is observed at a temperature T < 0 °C with an internal pressure P > 21 kPa. This suggests that the crystallization of rubber during blowing can occur under the equibiaxial deformation condition at low temperatures. The power scaling law is found to be 0.52%/kPa. The cryo-bulge apparatus is capable of clarifying the microstructural evolution of rubber during multi-dimensional deformation, which can provide guidance for the optimization of a weather balloon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinzhang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhijie Xia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongyue Luo
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical, Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sheng J, Chen W, Cui K, Li L. Polymer crystallization under external flow. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:036601. [PMID: 35060493 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac4d92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The general aspects of polymer crystallization under external flow, i.e., flow-induced crystallization (FIC) from fundamental theoretical background to multi-scale characterization and modeling results are presented. FIC is crucial for modern polymer processing, such as blowing, casting, and injection modeling, as two-third of daily-used polymers is crystalline, and nearly all of them need to be processed before final applications. For academics, the FIC is intrinsically far from equilibrium, where the polymer crystallization behavior is different from that in quiescent conditions. The continuous investigation of crystallization contributes to a better understanding on the general non-equilibrium ordering in condensed physics. In the current review, the general theories related to polymer nucleation under flow (FIN) were summarized first as a preliminary knowledge. Various theories and models, i.e., coil-stretch transition and entropy reduction model, are briefly presented together with the modified versions. Subsequently, the multi-step ordering process of FIC is discussed in detail, including chain extension, conformational ordering, density fluctuation, and final perfection of the polymer crystalline. These achievements for a thorough understanding of the fundamental basis of FIC benefit from the development of various hyphenated rheometer, i.e., rheo-optical spectroscopy, rheo-IR, and rheo-x-ray scattering. The selected experimental results are introduced to present efforts on elucidating the multi-step and hierarchical structure transition during FIC. Then, the multi-scale modeling methods are summarized, including micro/meso scale simulation and macroscopic continuum modeling. At last, we briefly describe our personal opinions related to the future directions of this field, aiming to ultimately establish the unified theory of FIC and promote building of the more applicable models in the polymer processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang J, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Ming Y, Li S, Hao T, Nie Y. Molecular dynamics simulations of the effects of carbon nanotube content on stretch-induced crystallization of polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16021-16030. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on stretch-induced crystallization behaviors in CNT filled polyethylene systems. During high-temperature stretching,...
Collapse
|
16
|
Precursor formation and crystal nucleation in stretched polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Nie C, Peng F, Xu T, Ding Y, Sheng J, Chen W, Li L. Biaxial Stretch-Induced Crystallization of Polymers: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Nie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Peng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tingyu Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiwei Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfang Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abnormal brittle-ductile transition for glassy polymers after free and constrained melt stretching: The role of molecular alignment. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang J, Huang C, Zhu Y, Huang G, Wu J. Toughening polyisoprene rubber with sacrificial bonds: The interplay between molecular mobility, energy dissipation and strain-induced crystallization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
A Unified Thermodynamic Model of Flow-induced Crystallization of Polymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Feng S, Lin Y, Yu W, Iqbal O, Habumugisha JC, Chen W, Meng L, Lu A, Li L. Stretch-induced structural transition of linear low-density polyethylene during uniaxial stretching under different strain rates. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
22
|
do Nascimento RM, Schmitt JF, Sarig U, Rodrigues JEFS, Pecharromán C, Ramos AP, Ciancaglini P, Faita FL, Rahouadj R, Hernandes AC, Bechtold IH. Surface Wettability of a Natural Rubber Composite under Stretching: A Model to Predict Cell Survival. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4639-4646. [PMID: 33826341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the stress-strain effect of a stretchable natural rubber (NR)-calcium phosphate composite on the surface wettability (SW) using an innovative approach coupling a uniaxial tensile micromachine, goniometer, and microscope. In situ contact angle measurements in real time were performed during mechanical tension. Our results show that SW is guided by the stress-strain relationship with two different characteristics, depending on the static or dynamic experiments. The results evidenced the limits of the classical theory of wetting. Furthermore, based on the mechanically tunable SW of the system associated with the cytocompatibility of the NR composite, we have modeled such a system for application as a cell support. From the experimental surface energy value, our proposed 3D modeling numerical simulation predicted a window of opportunities for cell-NR survival under mechanical stimuli. The presented data and the thermodynamics-based theoretical approach enable not only accurate correlation of SW with mechanical properties of the NR composite but also provide huge potential for future cell supportability in view of tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Marcelo do Nascimento
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, de Mécanique des Matériaux et du Vivant, LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239, University of Lorraine Nancy- Metz, Nancy 57070, France
| | - Jean-François Schmitt
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, de Mécanique des Matériaux et du Vivant, LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239, University of Lorraine Nancy- Metz, Nancy 57070, France
| | - Udi Sarig
- Biotechnology & Food Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 Israel
- Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - João Elias Figueiredo Soares Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Pecharromán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeiro Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeiro Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Luiz Faita
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Física (UFRGS), 91501970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rachid Rahouadj
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, de Mécanique des Matériaux et du Vivant, LEM3 UMR CNRS 7239, University of Lorraine Nancy- Metz, Nancy 57070, France
| | | | - Ivan Helmuth Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin Y, Chen W, Meng L, Wang D, Li L. Recent advances in post-stretching processing of polymer films with in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3599-3612. [PMID: 32232297 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stretch-induced structural evolution mechanism is a long-standing scientific question in the post-stretching processing of polymer films. X-ray scattering, especially a combination of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), provides a powerful method to study the hierarchical structure of polymer films. Recent advances in synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources and detection techniques allow one to measure the structural evolution of polymer films during post-stretching processing in real time with ultrahigh time resolution, which benefits the understanding on this topic. This review summarizes some recent investigations on post-stretching processing of polymer films, which combine in situ X-ray scattering techniques with purposely designed tensile apparatus in terms of three aspects: uniaxial stretching, biaxial stretching and stretching with chemical reactions. Concerning the polymer bulk, traditional deformation mechanisms like stretch-induced crystallization (SIC), crystal slipping, phase transition and melting-recrystallization are discussed for the uniaxial and biaxial post-stretching of polymer films. New deformation models have been developed to focus on the structural evolution on the length scale of lamellar stacks, which consider the potential microphase separation of the interlamellar amorphous phase and microbuckling. For solution systems, the coupled effects of the mechanical work from external force and the chemical potential from possible chemical reactions are taken into account for the structural evolution during stretching in solution. Roadmaps of structural and morphological evolution in the processing parameter space (i.e., temperature, stress, strain and the concentration of additive in the bath solution) are eventually constructed for precursor films. The accumulation of a structural evolution database for post-stretching processing of polymer films can be expected to provide a helpful guide for industrial processing for high-performance polymers in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. and South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Daoliang Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sotta P, Albouy PA. Strain-Induced Crystallization in Natural Rubber: Flory’s Theory Revisited. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, CNRS/Solvay, UMR5268, R&I Centre Lyon, 85 avenue des Fréres Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Albouy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR8502, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei YC, Liu GX, Zhang L, Xu WZ, Liao S, Luo MC. Mimicking the Mechanical Robustness of Natural Rubber Based on a Sacrificial Network Constructed by Phospholipids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14468-14475. [PMID: 32129596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strength and toughness are usually mutually exclusive, but they can both appear in natural rubber (NR). Previous studies ascribe such excellent properties to highly cis stereoregularity of NR. To our surprise, after the removal of non-rubber components (NRC) by centrifugation, the strength and toughness of NR decrease dramatically. It is still a challenge for us to make out for the problem of how NRC affect the properties of NR. Our group ascribes the superior mechanical robustness of NR to NRC. To further verify such a viewpoint, we add phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines) into NR without NRC. Phosphatidylcholines construct a sacrificial network, which ruptures preferentially upon deformation to dissipate energy. Moreover, some of phosphatidylcholines participate in the vulcanization reaction, which further improves the mechanical strength and energy dissipation. As a result, the mechanical strength and toughness of samples are as high as 21.1 MPa and 49.6 kJ/m2, respectively, which have reached the same level as that of NR. Therefore, this work not only imitates the excellent mechanical robustness of NR but also further provides a rational design for elastomers with excellent mechanical robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chan Wei
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Liu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Xu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuangquan Liao
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ming-Chao Luo
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|