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Xia HQ, Zhu C, Qiu D, Zeng J. A smartphone-based electrochemical sensing platform for the portable and simultaneous determination of flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1319:342981. [PMID: 39122290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient and timely determination of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs, primarily nobiletin and tangeretin) and flavanone glycosides (primarily hesperidin) in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is of paramount importance for the production of CRP and the evaluation of its efficacy. Conventional analytical methods including chromatography-based approaches commonly provide high sensitivity and selectivity, but require bulky equipment and complicated procedures performed by professional technicians and are thus inconvenient in practical applications. Therefore, there is a clear need for portable and miniaturized sensing platforms that can rapidly and simultaneously detect PMFs and hesperidin in CRP product. RESULTS A state-of-the-art three-dimensional porous graphene electrode was first fabricated by direct laser scribing of a poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) film for electrocatalysis of nobiletin, tangeretin and hesperidin. Kinetic analysis was conducted to investigate the reaction mechanisms of these three flavonoids at such prepared PEEK-laser induced graphene (PEEK-LIG) electrodes. Since the as-prepared PEEK-LIG electrodes exhibited high electrocatalytic efficiency towards these three flavonoids, a portable electrochemical sensing platform assembled with a smartphone, a miniatured electrochemical workstation, and an integrated PEEK-LIG microchip was developed. Consequently, the developed portable electrochemical sensing platforms exhibited great sensitivity and low detection limits for both PMFs and hesperidin. More importantly, tests conducted on real CRP extract samples demonstrated that the developed portable electrochemical sensing platform exhibited high validity, high reliability, as well as excellent reproducibility. SIGNIFICANCE This is the inaugural report on the portable and simultaneous determination of PMFs and hesperidin in the pericarp of Citrus Reticulata, which may be utilized for differentiating CRP products. Furthermore, the portable and powerful electrochemical sensing platforms developed could also potentially be applied for a wide range of analytes, thanks to their simple and rapid fabrication and determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qi Xia
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Congyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Tree, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Al-Shami A, Amirghasemi F, Soleimani A, Khazaee Nejad S, Ong V, Berkmen A, Ainla A, Mousavi MPS. SPOOC (Sensor for Periodic Observation of Choline): An Integrated Lab-on-a-Spoon Platform for At-Home Quantification of Choline in Infant Formula. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311745. [PMID: 38587168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Choline is an essential micronutrient for infants' brain development and health. To ensure that infants receive the needed daily dose of choline, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set requirements for choline levels in commercialized infant formulas. Unfortunately, not all families can access well-regulated formulas, leading to potential inadequacies in choline intake. Economic constraints or difficulties in obtaining formulas, exacerbated by situations like COVID-19, prompt families to stretch formulas. Accurate measurement of choline in infant formulas becomes imperative to guarantee that infants receive the necessary nutritional support. Yet, accessible tools for this purpose are lacking. An innovative integrated sensor for the periodic observation of choline (SPOOC) designed for at-home quantification of choline in infants' formulas and milk powders is reported. This system is composed of a choline potentiometric sensor and ionic-liquid reference electrode developed on laser-induced graphene (LIG) and integrated into a spoon-like device. SPOOC includes a micro-potentiometer that conducts the measurements and transmits results wirelessly to parents' mobile devices. SPOOC demonstrated rapid and accurate assessment of choline levels directly in pre-consuming infant formulas without any sample treatment. This work empowers parents with a user-friendly tool for choline monitoring promoting informed nutritional decision-making in the care of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Al-Shami
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Farbod Amirghasemi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sina Khazaee Nejad
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Victor Ong
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alara Berkmen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alar Ainla
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maral P S Mousavi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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Li H, Ma C, Chen J, Wang H, Chen X, Li Z, Zhang Y. A Soft Robot Tactile Finger Using Oxidation-Reduction Graphene-Polyurethane Conductive Sponge. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:628. [PMID: 38793201 PMCID: PMC11123064 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Currently, intelligent robotics is supplanting traditional industrial applications. It extends to business, service and care industries, and other fields. Stable robot grasping is a necessary prerequisite for all kinds of complex application scenarios. Herein, we propose a method for preparing an elastic porous material with adjustable conductivity, hardness, and elastic modulus. Based on this, we design a soft robot tactile fingertip that is gentle, highly sensitive, and has an adjustable range. It has excellent sensitivity (~1.089 kpa-1), fast response time (~35 ms), and measures minimum pressures up to 0.02 N and stability over 500 cycles. The baseline capacitance of a sensor of the same size can be increased by a factor of 5-6, and graphene adheres better to polyurethane sponge and has good shock absorption. In addition, we demonstrated the application of the tactile fingertip to a two-finger manipulator to achieve stable grasping. In this paper, we demonstrate the great potential of the soft robot tactile finger in the field of adaptive grasping for intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangze Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhijing Li
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
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Thaweeskulchai T, Sakdaphetsiri K, Schulte A. Ten years of laser-induced graphene: impact and future prospect on biomedical, healthcare, and wearable technology. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:292. [PMID: 38687361 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) from commercial polymers has been gaining interests in both academic and industrial sectors. This can be clearly seen from its mass adoption in various fields ranging from energy storage and sensing platforms to biomedical applications. LIG is a 3-dimensional, nanoporous graphene structure with highly tuneable electrical, physical, and chemical properties. LIG can be easily produced by single-step laser scribing at normal room temperature and pressure using easily accessible commercial level laser machines and materials. With the increasing demand for novel wearable devices for biomedical applications, LIG on flexible substrates can readily serve as a technological platform to be further developed for biomedical applications such as point-of-care (POC) testing and wearable devices for healthcare monitoring system. This review will provide a comprehensive grounding on LIG from its inception and fabrication mechanism to the characterization of its key functional properties. The exploration of biomedicals applications in the form of wearable and point-of-care devices will then be presented. Issue of health risk from accidental exposure to LIG will be covered. Then LIG-based wearable devices will be compared to devices of different materials. Finally, we discuss the implementation of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to wearable devices and explore and speculate on its potentials and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thana Thaweeskulchai
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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Li P, Li M, Sun B, Li X, Xiao Q, Yue D, Gao S, Wang B, Jiang X, Jiang J, Zhou Z. Integrated Three-Dimensional Microdevice with a Modified Surface for Enhanced DNA Separation from Biological Samples. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55297-55307. [PMID: 38058108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional interfaces and devices for rapid adsorption and immobilization of nucleic acids (NAs) are significant for relevant bioengineering applications. Herein, a microdevice with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) photosensitive resin was integrated by three-dimensional (3D) printing, named DPAA for short. Precise microscale structures and abundant surface carboxyl functional groups were fabricated for fast and high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) separation. Surface modification was then done using polydopamine (PDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to obtain modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-based devices DPDA-PAA and DPEG-PAA rich in amino and hydroxyl groups, respectively. The fabricated device DPAA possessed superior printing accuracy (40-50 μm). Functionalization of amino and hydroxyl was successful, and the modified devices DPDA-PAA and DPEG-PAA maintained a high thermal stability like DPAA. Surface potential analysis and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the affinity for DNA was in the order of DPDA-PAA > DPEG-PAA > DPAA. Further DNA separation experiments confirmed the high throughput and high selectivity of DNA separation performance, consistent with the predicted affinity results. DPDA-PAA showed relatively the highest DNA extraction yield, while DPEG-PAA was the worst. An acidic binding system is more favorable for DNA separation and recovery. DPDA-PAA showed significantly better DNA extraction performance than DPAA in a weakly acidic environment (pH 5.0-7.0), and the average DNA yield of the first elution was 2.16 times that of DPAA. This work validates the possibility of modification on integrated 3D microdevices to improve their DNA separation efficiency effectively. It also provides a new direction for the rational design and functionalization of bioengineering separators based on nonmagnetic methods. It may pave a new path for the highly efficient polymerase chain reaction diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Menghang Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qianying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Bai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zunchun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Fine Seed Breeding for Marine Aquatic Animals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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Li Y, Xu G, Zhao W, Wang T, Li H, Liu Y, Wang G. Machine Learning-Based Operational State Recognition and Compressive Property Prediction in Fused Filament Fabrication. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1347-1360. [PMID: 38116211 PMCID: PMC10726200 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has exhibited significant potential in outer space and medical implants. To use this technology in the specific high-value scenarios, 3D-printed parts need to satisfy quality-related requirements. In this article, the influence of the filament feeder operating states of 3D printer on the compressive properties of 3D-printed parts is studied in the fused filament fabrication process. A machine learning approach, back-propagation neural network with a genetic algorithm (GA-BPNN) optimized by k-fold cross-validation, is proposed to monitor the operating states and predict the compressive properties. Vibration and current sensors are used in situ to monitor the operating states of the filament feeder, and a set of features are extracted and selected from raw sensor data in time and frequency domains. Results show that the operating states of the filament feeder significantly affected the compressive properties of the fabricated samples, the operating states were accurately recognized with 96.3% rate, and compressive properties were successfully predicted by the GA-BPNN. This proposed method has the potential for use in industrial applications after 3D printing without requiring any further quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoning Xu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongcai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haochen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen R, Chang S, Lei S. An Exploratory Study of Laser Scribing Quality through Cross-Section Scribing Profiles. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2020. [PMID: 38004878 PMCID: PMC10672879 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a novel approach for evaluating laser scribing quality through cross-section profiles generated from a three-dimensional optical profiler. Existing methods for assessing scribing quality only consider the width and depth of a scribe profile. The proposed method uses a cubic spline model for cross-section profiles. Two quality characteristics are proposed to assess scribing accuracy and consistency. Accuracy is measured by the ratio of the actual laser-scribed area to the target area (RA), which reflects the deviation from the desired profile. The mean square error (MSE) is a measure of how close each scribed cross-section under the same scribing conditions is to the fitted cubic spline model. Over 1370 cross-section profiles were generated under 171 scribing conditions. Two response surface polynomial models for RA and MSE were built with 18 scribing conditions with acceptable scribing depth and RA values. Both RA and MSE were considered simultaneously via contour plots. A scatter plot of RA and MSE was then used for Pareto optimization. It was found that the cross-sectional profile of a laser scribe could be accurately represented by a cubic spline model. A multivariate nonlinear regression model for RA and MSE identified pulse energy and repetition rate as the two dominant laser parameters. A Pareto optimization analysis further established a Pareto front, where the best compromised solution could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shing Chang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Shuting Lei
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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Liu F, Gao Y, Wang G, Wang D, Wang Y, He M, Ding X, Duan H, Luo S. Laser-Induced Graphene Enabled Additive Manufacturing of Multifunctional 3D Architectures with Freeform Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204990. [PMID: 36437047 PMCID: PMC9896062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has become an important strategy for constructing graphene smart structures with arbitrary shapes and complexities. Compared with graphene oxide ink/gel/resin based manners, laser-induced graphene (LIG) is unique for facile and scalable assembly of 1D and 2D structures but still faces size and shape obstacles for constructing 3D macrostructures. In this work, a brand-new LIG based additive manufacturing (LIG-AM) protocol is developed to form bulk 3D graphene with freeform structures without introducing extra binders, templates, and catalysts. On the basis of selective laser sintering, LIG-AM creatively irradiates polyimide (PI) powder-bed for triggering both particle-sintering and graphene-converting processes layer-by-layer, which is unique for assembling varied types of graphene architectures including identical-section, variable-section, and graphene/PI hybrid structures. In addition to exploring combined graphitizing and fusing discipline, processing efficiency and assembling resolution of LIG-AM are also balanceable through synergistic control of lasing power and powder-feeding thickness. By further studying various process dependent properties, a LIG-AM enabled aircraft-wing section model is finally printed to comprehensively demonstrate its shiftable process, hybridizable structure, and multifunctional performance including force-sensing, anti-icing/deicing, and microwave shielding and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Guantao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Meihong He
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Xilun Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Haibin Duan
- School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
| | - Sida Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering & AutomationBeihang UniversityNo. 37 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100191China
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Combined Additive and Laser-Induced Processing of Functional Structures for Monitoring under Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020443. [PMID: 36679324 PMCID: PMC9860559 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This research introduces a readily available and non-chemical combinatorial production approach, known as the laser-induced writing process, to achieve laser-processed conductive graphene traces. The laser-induced graphene (LIG) structure and properties can be improved by adjusting the laser conditions and printing parameters. This method demonstrates the ability of laser-induced graphene (LIG) to overcome the electrothermal issues encountered in electronic devices. To additively process the PEI structures and the laser-induced surface, a high-precision laser nScrypt printer with different power, speed, and printing parameters was used. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed similar results for laser-induced graphene morphology and structural chemistry. Significantly, the 3.2 W laser-induced graphene crystalline size (La; 159 nm) is higher than the higher power (4 W; 29 nm) formation due to the surface temperature and oxidation. Under four-point probe electrical property measurements, at a laser power of 3.8 W, the resistivity of the co-processed structure was three orders of magnitude larger. The LIG structure and property improvement are possible by varying the laser conditions and the printing parameters. The lowest gauge factor (GF) found was 17 at 0.5% strain, and the highest GF found was 141.36 at 5%.
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Fan D, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Guo H, Cai Y, Song R, Wang X, Wang W. 3D printing of bone and cartilage with polymer materials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1044726. [PMID: 36561347 PMCID: PMC9763290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1044726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage and degeneration to bone and articular cartilage are the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. Commonly used clinical and surgical methods include autologous/allogeneic bone and cartilage transplantation, vascularized bone transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation, mosaicplasty, and joint replacement. 3D bio printing technology to construct implants by layer-by-layer printing of biological materials, living cells, and other biologically active substances in vitro, which is expected to replace the repair mentioned above methods. Researchers use cells and biomedical materials as discrete materials. 3D bio printing has largely solved the problem of insufficient organ donors with the ability to prepare different organs and tissue structures. This paper mainly discusses the application of polymer materials, bio printing cell selection, and its application in bone and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Additive Manufacturing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiming Cai
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weidong Wang, ; Xing Wang,
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weidong Wang, ; Xing Wang,
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Rong J, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Hu C, Li L, Guo W. 3D Single-Layer-Dominated Graphene Foam for High-Resolution Strain Sensing and Self-Monitoring Shape Memory Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205301. [PMID: 36319465 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible intelligent materials are desired to effectively regulate their own deformation and accurately sense their immediate morphology at the same time. Graphene foam is an attractive material for strain sensing and electrical/thermal performance control due to its outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, graphene-foam-based materials with both strain sensing and deformation control capabilities are rarely reported. Here, a multiscale design of graphene foam with a single-layer-graphene-dominated microstructure and resilient 3D network architecture, which leads to exceptional strain sensing performance as well as modulation ability of the electrical and thermal conductivity for shape memory polymers, is reported. The graphene foams exhibit a strain detection limit of 0.033%, a rapid response of 53 ms, long-term stability over 10 000 cycles, significant thermoacoustic effect, and great heat-generation and heat-diffusion ability. By combining these advantages, an electro-activated shape-memory composite that is capable of monitoring its own shape state during its morphing process, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Cong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Luxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the MOE, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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12
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Chen P, Wang H, Su J, Tian Y, Wen S, Su B, Yang C, Chen B, Zhou K, Yan C, Shi Y. Recent Advances on High-Performance Polyaryletherketone Materials for Additive Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200750. [PMID: 35385149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is emerging as an important high-performance polymer material in additive manufacturing (AM) benefiting from its excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and high-temperature stability. The distinct advantages of AM facilitate the rapid development of PAEK products with complex customized structures and functionalities, thereby enhancing their applications in various fields. Herein, the recent advances on AM of high-performance PAEKs are comprehensively reviewed, concerning the materials properties, AM processes, mechanical properties, and potential applications of additively manufactured PAEKs. To begin, an introduction to fundamentals of AM and PAEKs, as well as the advantages of AM of PAEKs is provided. Discussions are then presented on the material properties, AM processes, processing-matter coupling mechanism, thermal conductivity, crystallization characteristics, and microstructures of AM-processed PAEKs. Thereafter, the mechanical properties and anisotropy of additively manufactured PAEKs are discussed in depth. Their representative applications in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other fields are systematically presented. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions are discussed for the future development of high-performance AM polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haoze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujia Tian
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Binling Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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13
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Research Progress on the Preparation and Applications of Laser-Induced Graphene Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142336. [PMID: 35889560 PMCID: PMC9317010 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been regarded as a potential application material in the field of new energy conversion and storage because of its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional graphene preparation methods are complicated in-process and difficult to form patterned structures. In recent years, laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has received a large amount of attention from scholars and has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, air filters, water treatment, etc. In this paper, we summarized a variety of preparation methods for graphene. The effects of laser processing parameters, laser type, precursor materials, and process atmosphere on the properties of the prepared LIG were reviewed. Then, two strategies for large-scale production of LIG were briefly described. We also discussed the wide applications of LIG in the fields of signal sensing, environmental protection, and energy storage. Finally, we briefly outlined the future trends of this research direction.
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14
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Yang W, Yu C, Meng F. Recycling and applications of ammonium polyphosphate/polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by laser-scribing technologies for supercapacitor electrode materials. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19055-19062. [PMID: 35865584 PMCID: PMC9241056 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02477b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricating a simple and valid high-property graphene-based supercapacitor employing engineered plastic waste as the original material has attracted tremendous interest. Herein we report an extendable method for producing nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped porous three-dimensional (3D) graphene materials from the blends of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile ((A), butadiene (B), and styrene (S)) (ABS) using a simple laser direct-writing technique. In APP/PC/ABS blends, APP/PC/ABS, a waste by-product generated in car interiors and exterior decoration and electronic device shells and other fields, served as a sufficient and economic carbon source, while APP was employed as a nitrogen and phosphorus source as well as flame retardant. APP/PC/ABS blends could be transformed into nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped laser-induced graphene (NPLIG) via scribing under a CO2 laser in air conditions. In addition, a supercapacitor was fabricated applying NPLIG as the electrode material, and KOH solution as the electrolyte. The as-fabricated NPLIG supercapacitor exhibited excellent electrochemical behaviours, namely, a high specific areal capacitance (239 F g-1) at a current density of 0.05 A g-1, which outperformed many LIG-based and GO-based supercapacitors. The concept of designing supercapacitors that can be obtained with a facile laser-scribing technology can stimulate both the building of supercapacitors and preparation of graphene, and the sustainable utilization of engineering plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Norinco Group Air Ammunition Research Institute Co., Ltd Harbin 100000 China
| | - Chao Yu
- Norinco Group Air Ammunition Research Institute Co., Ltd Harbin 100000 China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- Norinco Group Air Ammunition Research Institute Co., Ltd Harbin 100000 China
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15
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Wang W, Lu L, Li Z, Lin L, Liang Z, Lu X, Xie Y. Fingerprint-Inspired Strain Sensor with Balanced Sensitivity and Strain Range Using Laser-Induced Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1315-1325. [PMID: 34931519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity and strain range are two mutually exclusive features of strain sensors, where a significant improvement in flexibility is usually accompanied by a reduction in sensitivity. The skin of a human fingertip, due to its undulating fingerprint pattern, can easily detect environmental signals and enhances sensitivity without losing elasticity. Inspired by this characteristic, laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a fingerprint structure is prepared in one step on a polyimide (PI) film and transferred into an Ecoflex substrate to assemble resistive strain sensors. Experimentally, the fingerprint-inspired strain sensor exhibits a superfast response time (∼70 ms), balanced sensitivity and strain range (a gauge factor of 191.55 in the 42-50% strain range), and good reliability (>1500 cycles). Self-organized microcracks, initiated in weak mechanical areas, cause prominent resistance changes during reconnection/disconnection but irreversibly fail after excessive stretching. The robust function of fingerprint-inspired sensors is further demonstrated by real-time monitoring of tiny pulses, large body movements, gestures, and voice recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Longsheng Lu
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zehong Li
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhanbo Liang
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yingxi Xie
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381#Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
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16
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Wang J, Hu S, Yang B, Jin G, Zhou X, Lin X, Wang R, Lu Y, Zhang L. Novel Three-Dimensional-Printing Strategy Based on Dynamic Urea Bonds for Isotropy and Mechanical Robustness of Large-Scale Printed Products. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1994-2005. [PMID: 34963290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing via fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become one of the most widely used technologies owing to its ease of operation and effective cost. However, the disappointing interlayer adhesion produced by FDM often results in inferior mechanical properties, which has become a technical bottleneck for industrial production. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and efficient printing strategy to enhance interlayer adhesion by introducing a self-healing mechanism into the printing material, thereby concurrently enhancing the mechanical properties and isotropy of the printed products. This strategy relies on the self-healing property of three-dimensional-printing materials. This self-healing property is endowed by introducing dynamic urea bonds on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) molecular chains, and then, such dynamic bonds can be activated through thermal heating. Accordingly, the synthesized TPU reveals an efficient self-healing property and excellent printability owing to the existence of dynamic reversible covalent bonds. Moreover, objects with complex structures can be split and printed and then assembled using this strategy, avoiding the need for supporting structures and realizing the rapid prototyping of large-sized objects. The printing strategy proposed paves a candidate way to overcome the current challenges in obtaining high-quality products via FDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangzhi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Zhu J, Huang X, Song W. Physical and Chemical Sensors on the Basis of Laser-Induced Graphene: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18708-18741. [PMID: 34881870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced rapidly by directly irradiating carbonaceous precursors, and it naturally exhibits as a three-dimensional porous structure. Due to advantages such as simple preparation, time-saving, environmental friendliness, low cost, and expanding categories of raw materials, LIG and its derivatives have achieved broad applications in sensors. This has been witnessed in various fields such as wearable devices, disease diagnosis, intelligent robots, and pollution detection. However, despite LIG sensors having demonstrated an excellent capability to monitor physical and chemical parameters, the systematic review of synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and applications of them combined with comparison against other preparation approaches of graphene is still lacking. Here, graphene-based sensors for physical, biological, and chemical detection are reviewed first, followed by the introduction of general preparation methods for the laser-induced method to yield graphene. The preparation and advantages of LIG, sensing mechanisms, and the properties of different types of emerging LIG-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, possible solutions to the problems and challenges of preparing LIG and LIG-based sensors are proposed. This review may serve as a detailed reference to guide the development of LIG-based sensors that possess properties for future smart sensors in health care, environmental protection, and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weixing Song
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
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18
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Pal AK, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Additive manufacturing technology of polymeric materials for customized products: recent developments and future prospective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36398-36438. [PMID: 35494368 PMCID: PMC9043570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to its ability to produce more challenging customized objects based on the process parameters for engineering applications. The processing of conventional materials by AM processes is a critically demanded research stream, which has generated a path-breaking scenario in the rapid manufacturing and upcycling of plastics. The exponential growth of AM in the worldwide polymer market is expected to exceed 20 billion US dollars by 2021 in areas of automotive, medical, aerospace, energy and customized consumer products. The development of functional polymers and composites by 3D printing-based technologies has been explored significantly due to its cost-effective, easier integration into customized geometries, higher efficacy, higher precision, freedom of material utilization as compared to traditional injection molding, and thermoforming techniques. Since polymers are the most explored class of materials in AM to overcome the limitations, this review describes the latest research conducted on petroleum-based polymers and their composites using various AM techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) related to 3D printing in engineering applications such as biomedical, automotive, aerospace and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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20
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Wang L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wu Y, Zheng H. Enhancement of antibacterial function by incorporation of silver-doped ZnO nanocrystals onto a laser-induced graphene surface. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33883-33889. [PMID: 35497311 PMCID: PMC9042371 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms formed on touchable surfaces such as displays of electronic devices not only reduce the product service life, but also cause human health issues. There is an urgent need to research the biofilm formation mechanism and methodologies to prevent formation of biofilms on human touchable surfaces. It has been reported that laser-induced graphene (LIG) helps resist biofilm growth, which has been attributed to the atomic composition and sharp edges of graphene. However, LIG alone was not able to retard bacterial growth completely. It has been reported that LIG incorporated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles exhibited enhanced surface antibacterial activity. As a heavy metal, overdose of Ag is harmful to human health. Therefore, a new biocompatible antibacterial agent to replace or reduce the use of Ag is highly important. In this study, we investigate and compare the effect of LIG doped with two types of nanocrystals, i.e., ZnO and silver (Ag)-doped ZnO, on antibacterial actions. A 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser was used to produce LIG on a watercolor paper substrate. Formation of few-layer graphene has been verified by Raman spectra. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a representative of Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a representative of Gram-positive bacteria were employed for the investigation of the bacteriostatic properties of the LIG paper substrate. Results show that with the incorporation of either the ZnO nanocrystals or the silver (Ag)-doped ZnO nanocrystals into LIG, the antibacterial effect became stronger. It is further shown that the Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals have superior antibacterial performance to that of the ZnO nanocrystals. The Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals are potentially an effective and biocompatible antibacterial agent and yet have a much reduced and acceptable level of Ag concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Yongling Wu
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255000 Shandong China
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21
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Li Q, Wu T, Zhao W, Ji J, Wang G. Laser-Induced Corrugated Graphene Films for Integrated Multimodal Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37433-37444. [PMID: 34324306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures play a dominant role in flexible electronics to improve the performance of the devices, including sensitivity, durability, stretchability, and so on. However, the complicated and expensive fabrication process of these microstructures extremely hampers the large-scale application of high-performance devices. Herein, we propose a novel method to fabricate flexible graphene-based sensors with a 3D microstructure by generating laser-induced graphene (LIG) on the 3D printed polyether ether ketone corrugated substrate, which is referred to as CLIG. Based on that, two integrated piezoresistive sensors are developed to monitor the precise strain and pressure signals. Contributed to the 3D corrugated graphene structure, the sensitivities of strain and pressure sensors can be up to 2203.5 and 678.2 kPa-1, respectively. In particular, the CLIG-based strain sensor exhibits a high resolution to the microdeformation (small as 1 μm or 0.01% strain) and remarkable durability (15,000 cycles); meanwhile, the pressure sensor presents a remarkable working range (1-500 kPa) and fast response time (24 ms). Furthermore, the CLIG-based sensors provide a stable data source in the applications of human-motion monitoring, pressure array, and self-sensing soft robotic systems. High accuracy allows CLIG sensors to recognize more subtle signals, such as pulse, swallowing, gesture distinction of human, and movement status of soft robotics. Overall, this technology shows a promising strategy to fabricate high-performance sensors with high efficiency and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongyu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawen Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Yang W, Liu Y, Wei J, Li X, Li N, Liu J. An Intelligent Fire-Protection Coating Based on Ammonium Polyphosphate/Epoxy Composites and Laser-Induced Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060984. [PMID: 33806971 PMCID: PMC8004711 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire-protection coatings with a self-monitoring ability play a critical role in safety and security. An intelligent fire-protection coating can protect humans from personal and property damage. In this work, we report the fabrication of a low-cost and facile intelligent fire coating based on a composite of ammonium polyphosphate and epoxy (APP/EP). The composite was processed using laser scribing, which led to a laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer on the APP/EP surface via a photothermal effect. The C–O, C=O, P–O, and N−C bonds in the flame-retardant APP/EP composite were broken during the laser scribing, while the remaining carbon atoms recombined to generate the graphene layer. A proof-of-concept was achieved by demonstrating the use of LIG in supercapacitors, as a temperature sensor, and as a hazard detection device based on the shape memory effect of the APP/EP composite. The intelligent flame protection coating had a high flame retardancy, which increased the time to ignition (TTI) from 21 s to 57 s, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased to 37%. The total amount of heat and smoke released during combustion was effectively suppressed by ≈ 71.1% and ≈ 74.1%, respectively. The maximum mass-specific supercapacitance could reach 245.6 F·g−1. The additional LIG layer enables applications of the device as a LIG-APP/EP temperature sensor and allows for monitoring of the deformation according to its shape memory effect. The direct laser scribing of graphene from APP/EP in an air atmosphere provides a convenient and practical approach for the fabrication of flame-retardant electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiping Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-1078-8891
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23
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Mokhtari M, Archer E, Bloomfield N, Harkin‐Jones E, McIlhagger A. A review of electrically conductive poly(ether ether ketone) materials. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Archer
- School of Engineering Ulster University Newtownabbey UK
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Xu Y, Fei Q, Page M, Zhao G, Ling Y, Chen D, Yan Z. Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:3033-3050. [PMID: 33841746 PMCID: PMC8023525 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-assisted process can enable facile, mask-free, large-area, inexpensive, customizable, and miniaturized patterning of laser-induced porous graphene (LIG) on versatile carbonaceous substrates (e.g., polymers, wood, food, textiles) in a programmed manner at ambient conditions. Together with high tailorability of its porosity, morphology, composition, and electrical conductivity, LIG can find wide applications in emerging bioelectronics (e.g., biophysical and biochemical sensing) and soft robots (e.g., soft actuators). In this review paper, we first introduce the methods to make LIG on various carbonaceous substrates and then discuss its electrical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties and biocompatibility that are critical for applications in bioelectronics and soft robots. Next, we overview the recent studies of LIG-based biophysical (e.g., strain, pressure, temperature, hydration, humidity, electrophysiological) sensors and biochemical (e.g., gases, electrolytes, metabolites, pathogens, nucleic acids, immunology) sensors. The applications of LIG in flexible energy generators and photodetectors are also introduced. In addition, LIG-enabled soft actuators that can respond to chemicals, electricity, and light stimulus are overviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future challenges and opportunities of LIG fabrications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xu
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Qihui Fei
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Margaret Page
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Ganggang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Rock Bridge High School, Columbia, Missouri 65203 USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
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25
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Liu L, Ma HY, Yuan QL, Zhao XM, Lou XX, Zhang YG. Biomechanical effects of reconstruction of the posterior structures after laminectomy with an individualized poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) artificial lamina. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:1327-1336. [PMID: 33349103 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220981191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminectomy is a traditional method for treating lumbar diseases; however, the destruction of the posterior structures may cause postoperative symptoms. An individualized poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) artificial lamina was designed to reconstruct the posterior structures after laminectomy. This study aimed to explore the biomechanical effects of reconstruction of the posterior structures with an individualized PEEK artificial lamina using validated finite element models. OBJECTIVE To examine the biomechanical effects of individualized PEEK artificial lamina on postlaminectomy lumbar. METHODS A finite element (FE) model of L3-5 was developed based on computed tomography images. Four surgical models (laminectomy, artificial lamina alone, ligament reconstruction, and osseointegration) were constructed, representing different stages of L4 artificial lamina implantation. The range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure (IDP), stresses in the annulus fibrosus at the surgical level and cephalad adjacent level, and stresses in the artificial lamina and screws were measured. RESULTS The ROM, IDP, and stresses in the annulus fibrosus of the different artificial lamina models decreased compared to those of the laminectomy model at both surgical and adjacent levels for all motion patterns, most notably in the osseointegration model. In addition, the results of the stresses in the implants showed that the artificial lamina could enhance the lumbar isthmus and disperse the abnormally concentrated stresses after laminectomy. CONCLUSION The application of a PEEK artificial lamina has the potential to stabilize the postlaminectomy lumbar spine and prevent adjacent segment disease (ASD) and iatrogenic lumbar deformities, resulting in a reduction in the incidence of post-lumbar surgery syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yun Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Ling Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin-Gang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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3D Printing and Solvent Dissolution Recycling of Polylactide-Lunar Regolith Composites by Material Extrusion Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081724. [PMID: 32752042 PMCID: PMC7463763 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The in situ resource utilization of lunar regolith is of great significance for the development of planetary materials science and space manufacturing. The material extrusion deposition approach provides an advanced method for fabricating polylactide/lunar regolith simulant (PLA/CLRS-1) components. This work aims to fabricate 3D printed PLA-lunar regolith simulant (5 and 10 wt.%) components using the material extrusion 3D printing approach, and realize their solvent dissolution recycling process. The influence of the lunar regolith simulant on the mechanical and thermal properties of the 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 composites is systematically studied. The microstructure of 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 parts was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis. The results showed that the lunar regolith simulant can be fabricated and combined with a PLA matrix utilizing a 3D printing process, only slightly influencing the mechanical performance of printed specimens. Moreover, the crystallization process of PLA is obviously accelerated by the addition of CLRS-1 because of heterogeneous nucleation. Additionally, by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) characterization, it is found that the 3D printing and recycling processes have a negligible influence on the chemical structure and molecular weight of the PLA/CLRS-1 composites. As a breakthrough, we successfully utilize the lunar regolith simulant to print components with satisfactory mechanical properties and confirm the feasibility of recycling and reusing 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 components via the solvent dissolution recycling approach.
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Huang L, Su J, Song Y, Ye R. Laser-Induced Graphene: En Route to Smart Sensing. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:157. [PMID: 32835028 PMCID: PMC7396264 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of laser-induced graphene (LIG) from polymers in 2014 has aroused much attention in recent years. A broad range of applications, including batteries, catalysis, sterilization, and separation, have been explored. The advantages of LIG technology over conventional graphene synthesis methods are conspicuous, which include designable patterning, environmental friendliness, tunable compositions, and controllable morphologies. In addition, LIG possesses high porosity, great flexibility, and mechanical robustness, and excellent electric and thermal conductivity. The patternable and printable manufacturing process and the advantageous properties of LIG illuminate a new pathway for developing miniaturized graphene devices. Its use in sensing applications has grown swiftly from a single detection component to an integrated smart detection system. In this minireview, we start with the introduction of synthetic efforts related to the fabrication of LIG sensors. Then, we highlight the achievement of LIG sensors for the detection of a diversity of stimuli with a focus on the design principle and working mechanism. Future development of the techniques toward in situ and smart detection of multiple stimuli in widespread applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Su
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
- State Key Lab of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
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