1
|
Zheng L, Xie Q, Hu G, Wang B, Song D, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Polyester Polyureas via a Non-Isocyanate Route with Good Combined Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:993. [PMID: 38611251 PMCID: PMC11014397 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyureas have been widely applied in many fields, such as coatings, fibers, foams and dielectric materials. Traditionally, polyureas are prepared from isocyanates, which are highly toxic and harmful to humans and the environment. Synthesis of polyureas via non-isocyanate routes is green, environmentally friendly and sustainable. However, the application of non-isocyanate polyureas is quite restrained due to their brittleness as the result of the lack of a soft segment in their molecular blocks. To address this issue, we have prepared polyester polyureas via an isocyanate-free route and introduced polyester-based soft segments to improve their toughness and endow high impact resistance to the polyureas. In this paper, the soft segments of polyureas were synthesized by the esterification and polycondensation of dodecanedioic acid and 1,4-butanediol. Hard segments of polyureas were synthesized by melt polycondensation of urea and 1,10-diaminodecane without a catalyst or high pressure. A series of polyester polyureas were synthesized by the polycondensation of the soft and hard segments. These synthesized polyester-type polyureas exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, they have high potential to substitute traditional polyureas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuchun Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Cangzhou Insititute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Guangjun Hu
- Shenghong Advanced Materials Research Institute, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Danqing Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yunchuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McLuskie A, Brodie CN, Tricarico M, Gao C, Peters G, Naden AB, Mackay CL, Tan JC, Kumar A. Manganese catalysed dehydrogenative synthesis of polyureas from diformamide and diamines. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:3551-3557. [PMID: 37342794 PMCID: PMC10278093 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of polyureas from the dehydrogenative coupling of diamines and diformamides. The reaction is catalysed by a manganese pincer complex and releases H2 gas as the only by-product making the process atom-economic and sustainable. The reported method is greener in comparison to the current state-of-the-art production routes that involve diisocyanate and phosgene feedstock. We also report here the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of synthesized polyureas. Based on our mechanistic studies, we suggest that the reaction proceeds via isocyanate intermediates formed by the manganese catalysed dehydrogenation of formamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus McLuskie
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| | - Claire N Brodie
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| | - Michele Tricarico
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX13PJ UK
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| | - Gavin Peters
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| | - Aaron B Naden
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| | | | - Jin-Chong Tan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX13PJ UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews KY169ST UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
An ZW, Xue R, Ye K, Zhao H, Liu Y, Li P, Chen ZM, Huang CX, Hu GH. Recent advances in self-healing polyurethane based on dynamic covalent bonds combined with other self-healing methods. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6505-6520. [PMID: 36883369 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To meet more application requirements, improving mechanical properties and self-healing efficiency has become the focus of current research on self-healing PU. The competitive relationship between self-healing ability and mechanical properties cannot be avoided by a single self-healing method. To address this problem, a growing number of studies have combined dynamic covalent bonding with other self-healing methods to construct the PU structure. This review summarizes recent studies on PU materials that combine typical dynamic covalent bonds with other self-healing methods. It mainly includes four parts: hydrogen bonding, metal coordination bonding, nanofillers combined with dynamic covalent bonding and multiple dynamic covalent bond bonding. The advantages and disadvantages of different self-healing methods and their significant role in improving self-healing ability and mechanical properties in PU networks are analyzed. At the same time, the possible challenges and research directions of self-healing PU materials in the future are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wei An
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kang Ye
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
- National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Chong-Xing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering, CNRS-University of Lorraine, Nancy 54001, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tabanelli T, Soccio M, Quattrosoldi S, Siracusa V, Fiorini M, Lotti N. Priamine 1075 and catechol carbonate, a perfect match for ecofriendly production of a new renewable polyurea for sustainable flexible food packaging. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
5
|
Fu L, Ren Z, Si W, Ma Q, Huang W, Liao K, Huang Z, Wang Y, Li J, Xu P. Research progress on CO2 capture and utilization technology. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Li H, Cheng H, Zhao F. A Review on CO
2
‐Based Polyureas and Polyurea Hybrids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo J, Tang J, Xi H, Zhao SY, Liu W. Manganese catalyzed urea and polyurea synthesis using methanol as C1 source. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Owen AE, Preiss A, McLuskie A, Gao C, Peters G, Bühl M, Kumar A. Manganese-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Urea Derivatives and Polyureas. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Preiss
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| | - Angus McLuskie
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| | - Gavin Peters
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY169ST, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin C, Xie K, Tang D. High‐performance thermoplastic polyureas via a non‐isocyanate route from urea and aliphatic diamines. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Lin
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Kangzhou Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Donglin Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology) Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Langsted CR, Paulson SW, Bomann BH, Suhail S, Aguirre JA, Saumer EJ, Baclasky AR, Salmon KH, Law AC, Farmer RJ, Furchtenicht CJ, Stankowski DS, Johnson ML, Corcoran LG, Dolan CC, Carney MJ, Robertson NJ. Isocyanate‐free
synthesis of ureas and polyureas via ruthenium catalyzed dehydrogenation of amines and formamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blake H. Bomann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire Eau Claire Wisconsin USA
| | - Shanzay Suhail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire Eau Claire Wisconsin USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Connor C. Dolan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire Eau Claire Wisconsin USA
| | - Michael J. Carney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire Eau Claire Wisconsin USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xi P, Quan F, Yao J, Xia Y, Fang K, Jiang Y. Strategy to Fabricate a Strong and Supertough Bio-Inspired Fiber with Organic-Inorganic Networks in a Green and Scalable Way. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16478-16487. [PMID: 34591455 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green and scalable production of some fibrous materials with higher fracture energy has long been the goal of researchers. Although some progress has been made in recent years in the research of materials with high fracture energy, inspired by the fiber structure of spider silk, it is still a great challenge to produce artificial fibers with extremely high toughness using a simple and green process. Here, we use the molecular and nanoscale engineering of calcium phosphate oligomers (CaP, < 1 nm) and waterborne polyurethanes (WPU) macromolecules that have strong interactions to form organic-inorganic networks just like β-sheet crystalline and flexible amorphous regions in spider silk. Through a simple and green route based on widespread paper string processing techniques, we fabricate a strong and supertough bioinspired fiber with a high strength (442 MPa), which is 7-15 times higher than the strength of counterpart PU (20-30 MPa), and a super toughness (640 MJ m-3), which is 2-3.5 times higher than the toughness of spider dragline silk. This technique provides a strategy for industrially manufacturing spider fiber-like artificial fibers with a super toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panyi Xi
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Fengyu Quan
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jiuyong Yao
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yijun Jiang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of hydrogen–deuterium exchange in amide linkages on properties of electrospun polyamide nanofibers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
Kumar A, Armstrong D, Peters G, Nagala M, Shirran S. Direct synthesis of polyureas from the dehydrogenative coupling of diamines and methanol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6153-6156. [PMID: 34042925 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first example of the direct synthesis of polyureas from the dehydrogenative coupling of diamines and methanol using a ruthenium pincer catalyst. The present methodology replaces the use of toxic diisocyanates, conventionally used for the production of polyureas, with methanol, which is renewable, less toxic, and cheaper, making the overall process safer and more sustainable. Further advantages of the current method have been demonstrated by the synthesis of a renewable, a chiral, and the first 13C-labelled polyurea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, UK.
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, UK.
| | - Gavin Peters
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, UK.
| | - Manjula Nagala
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, UK
| | - Sally Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wong SL, Nyakuma BB, Nordin AH, Lee CT, Ngadi N, Wong KY, Oladokun O. Uncovering the dynamics in global carbon dioxide utilization research: a bibliometric analysis (1995-2019). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13842-13860. [PMID: 33196996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is recognized as the main contributor to global climate change. To date, scientists have developed various strategies, including CO2 utilization technologies, to reduce global carbon emissions. This paper presents the global scientific landscape of the CO2 utilization research from 1995 to 2019 based on a bibliometric analysis of 1875 publications extracted from Web of Science. The findings indicate a major increase in the number of publications and citations received from 2015 to 2019, denoting a fast-emerging research trend. The dynamics of global CO2 utilization research is partly driven by China's policies and research funding to promote low-carbon economic development. Applied Energy is recognized as a core journal in this research topic. The utilization of CO2 is a multidisciplinary topic that has progressed by multidimensional collaborations at the country and organizations levels, while the formation of co-authorship networks at the individual level is mostly influenced by the authors' affiliations. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals a rapid evolution in the CO2 utilization strategies from chemical fixation in carbonates and epoxides to pilot-scale testing of power-to-gas technologies in Europe and the USA. The development of efficient power-to-fuel technologies and biological utilization routes (using microalgae and bacteria) will probably be the next research priorities in CO2 utilization research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syie Luing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Hassan Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre in Agri-Technology for Advanced Bioprocess, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Olagoke Oladokun
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quaranta E, Dibenedetto A, Nocito F, Fini P. Chemical recycling of poly-(bisphenol A carbonate) by diaminolysis: A new carbon-saving synthetic entry into non-isocyanate polyureas (NIPUreas). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123957. [PMID: 33265001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes an unprecedented approach to valorize potentially hazardous poly-(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) wastes. In THF, under non-severe conditions (120 °C), the reaction of PC with long-chain diamines H2NRNH2 (2 equivalents) provided a tool to regenerate the monomer bisphenol A (BPA; 83-95%, isolated) and repurpose waste PC into [-NHRNHCO-]n polyureas (PUs; 78-99%, isolated) through a non-isocyanate route. Basic diamines (1,6-diaminohexane, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, meta-xylylenediamine, para-xylylenediamine) reacted with PC without any auxiliary catalyst; less reactive aromatic diamines (4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4-diaminotoluene) required the assistance of a base catalyst (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, NaOH). The formation of [-NHRNHCO-]n goes through a carbamation step affording BPA and carbamate intermediates H[-OArOC(O)NHRNHC(O)-]nOArOH (Ar=4,4'-C6H4C(Me)2C6H4-) that, in a subsequent step, convert into [-NHRNHCO-]n and more BPA. All the PUs were characterized in the solid state by CP/MAS 13C NMR (δ(CO) = 152-161 ppm) and IR spectroscopy. The positions of ν(N-H) and ν(CO) absorptions are typical of "hydrogen-bonded ordered" bands suggesting the presence of H-bonded groups in network structures characterized by some degree of order or regularity. DSC and TGA analyses showed that the PUs are thermally stable (Td,5%: 212-270 °C) and suitable for being processed since their degradation begins at temperatures about 100 °C higher than their Tg or Tm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Quaranta
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Dipartimento di Chimica, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario "Reattività e Catalisi", via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Dibenedetto
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Dipartimento di Chimica, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario "Reattività e Catalisi", via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Nocito
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Dipartimento di Chimica, Campus Universitario, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Fini
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici (IPCF-CNR) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|