1
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Li B, Li Z, Cooperstein I, Shan W, Wang S, Jiang B, Zhang L, Magdassi S, He J. Additive Manufacturing of Transparent Multi-Component Nanoporous Glasses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305775. [PMID: 37870213 PMCID: PMC10724418 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of glass with complex geocd the low resolution of particle-based or fused glass technologies. Herein, a high-resolution 3D printing of transparent nanoporous glass is presented, by the combination of transparent photo-curable sol-gel printing compositions and digital light processing (DLP) technology. Multi-component glass, including binary (Al2 O3 -SiO2 ), ternary (ZnO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 , TiO2 -Al2 O3 -SiO2 ), and quaternary oxide (CaO-P2 O5 -Al2 O3 -SiO2 ) nanoporous glass objects with complex shapes, high spatial resolutions, and multi-oxide chemical compositions are fabricated, by DLP printing and subsequent sintering process. The uniform nanopores of Al2 O3 -SiO2 -based nanoporous glasses with the diameter (≈6.04 nm), which is much smaller than the visible light wavelength, result in high transmittance (>95%) at the visible range. The high surface area of printed glass objectives allows post-functionalization via the adsorption of functional guest molecules. The photoluminescence and hydrophobic modification of 3D printed glass objectives are successfully demonstrated. This work extends the scope of 3D printing to transparent nanoporous glasses with complex geometry and facile functionalization, making them available for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Ido Cooperstein
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Wenze Shan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- College of Materials Science and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China
| | - Shuaipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Benxue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power LasersShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201800China
- Casali Center of Applied ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
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2
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Xu Y, Du X, Wang Z, Liu H, Huang P, To S, Zhu L, Zhu Z. Room-Temperature Molding of Complex-Shaped Transparent Fused Silica Lenses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304756. [PMID: 37870176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The high hardness, brittleness, and thermal resistance impose significant challenges in the scalable manufacturing of fused silica lenses, which are widely used in numerous applications. Taking advantage of the nanocomposites by stirring silica nanopowders with photocurable resins, the newly emerged low-temperature pre-shaping technique provides a paradigm shift in fabricating transparent fused silica components. However, preparing the silica slurry and carefully evaporating the organics may significantly increase the process complexity and decrease the manufacturing efficiency for the nanocomposite-based technique. By directly pressing pure silica nanopowders against the complex-shaped metal molds in minutes, this work reports an entirely different room-temperature molding method capable of mass replication of complex-shaped silica lenses without organic additives. After sintering the replicated lenses, fully transparent fused silica lenses with spherical, arrayed, and freeform patterns are generated with nanometric surface roughness and well-reserved mold shapes, demonstrating a scalable and cost-effective route surpassing the current techniques for the manufacturing of high-quality fused silica lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Suet To
- State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - LiMin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
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3
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Xin Y, Zhou X, Bark H, Lee PS. The Role of 3D Printing Technologies in Soft Grippers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307963. [PMID: 37971199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Soft grippers are essential for precise and gentle handling of delicate, fragile, and easy-to-break objects, such as glassware, electronic components, food items, and biological samples, without causing any damage or deformation. This is especially important in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture, food handling, and biomedical, where accuracy, safety, and preservation of the objects being handled are critical. This article reviews the use of 3D printing technologies in soft grippers, including those made of functional materials, nonfunctional materials, and those with sensors. 3D printing processes that can be used to fabricate each class of soft grippers are discussed. Available 3D printing technologies that are often used in soft grippers are primarily extrusion-based printing (fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing), jet-based printing (polymer jet), and immersion printing (stereolithography and digital light processing). The materials selected for fabricating soft grippers include thermoplastic polymers, UV-curable polymers, polymer gels, soft conductive composites, and hydrogels. It is conclude that 3D printing technologies revolutionize the way soft grippers are being fabricated, expanding their application domains and reducing the difficulties in customization, fabrication, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Smart Grippers for Soft Robotics (SGSR), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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4
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Jensen MN, Gates JC, Flint AI, Hellesø OG. Demonstrating low Raman background in UV-written SiO 2 waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:31092-31107. [PMID: 37710637 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can give a chemical 'fingerprint' from both inorganic and organic samples, and has become a viable method of measuring the chemical composition of single biological particles. In parallel, integration of waveguides and microfluidics allows for the creation of miniaturized optical sensors in lab-on-a-chip devices. The prospect of combining integrated optics and Raman spectroscopy for Raman-on-chip offers new opportunities for optical sensing. A major limitation for this is the Raman background of the waveguide. This background is very low for optical fibers but remains a challenge for planar waveguides. In this work, we demonstrate that UV-written SiO2 waveguides, designed to mimic the performance of optical fibers, offer a significantly lower background than competing waveguide materials such as Si3N4. The Raman scattering in the waveguides is measured in absolute units and compared to that of optical fibers and Si3N4 waveguides. A limited study of the sensitivity of the Raman scattering to changes in pump wavelength and in waveguide design is also conducted. It is revealed that UV-written SiO2 waveguides offer a Raman background lower than -107.4 dB relative to a 785 nm pump and -106.5 dB relative to a 660 nm pump. Furthermore, the UV-written SiO2 waveguide demonstrates a 15 dB lower Raman background than a Si3N4 waveguide and is only 8.7 - 10.3 dB higher than optical fibers. Comparison with a polystyrene bead (in free space, diameter 7 µm) reveal an achievable peak SNR of 10.4 dB, showing the potential of UV-SiO2 as a platform for a Raman-on-chip device capable of measuring single particles.
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5
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Madrid-Wolff J, Toombs J, Rizzo R, Bernal PN, Porcincula D, Walton R, Wang B, Kotz-Helmer F, Yang Y, Kaplan D, Zhang YS, Zenobi-Wong M, McLeod RR, Rapp B, Schwartz J, Shusteff M, Talyor H, Levato R, Moser C. A review of materials used in tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 13:764-785. [PMID: 37901477 PMCID: PMC10600040 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-023-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric additive manufacturing is a novel fabrication method allowing rapid, freeform, layer-less 3D printing. Analogous to computer tomography (CT), the method projects dynamic light patterns into a rotating vat of photosensitive resin. These light patterns build up a three-dimensional energy dose within the photosensitive resin, solidifying the volume of the desired object within seconds. Departing from established sequential fabrication methods like stereolithography or digital light printing, volumetric additive manufacturing offers new opportunities for the materials that can be used for printing. These include viscous acrylates and elastomers, epoxies (and orthogonal epoxy-acrylate formulations with spatially controlled stiffness) formulations, tunable stiffness thiol-enes and shape memory foams, polymer derived ceramics, silica-nanocomposite based glass, and gelatin-based hydrogels for cell-laden biofabrication. Here we review these materials, highlight the challenges to adapt them to volumetric additive manufacturing, and discuss the perspectives they present. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at10.1557/s43579-023-00447-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Toombs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rebecca Walton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges Köhler Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert R. McLeod
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Bastian Rapp
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges Köhler Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Shusteff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA USA
| | - Hayden Talyor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Moser
- Ecole Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Chinn A, Marsh EL, Nguyen T, Alhejaj ZB, Butler MJ, Nguyen BT, Sasan K, Dylla-Spears RJ, Destino JF. Silica-Encapsulated Germania Colloids as 3D-Printable Glass Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17492-17500. [PMID: 35647440 PMCID: PMC9134392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell colloids make attractive feedstocks for three-dimensional (3D) printing mixed oxide glass materials because they enable synthetic control of precursor dimensions and compositions, improving glass fabrication precision. Toward that end, we report the design and use of core-shell germania-silica (GeO2-SiO2) colloids and their use as precursors to fabricate GeO2-SiO2 glass monoliths by direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing. By this method, GeO2 colloids were prepared in solution using sol-gel chemistry and formed oblong, raspberry-like agglomerates with ∼15 nm diameter primary particles that were predominantly amorphous but contained polycrystalline domains. An ∼15 nm encapsulating SiO2 shell layer was formed directly on the GeO2 core agglomerates to form core-shell GeO2-SiO2 colloids. For glass 3D printing, GeO2-SiO2 colloidal sols were formulated into a viscous ink by solvent exchange, printed into monoliths by DIW additive manufacturing, and sintered to transparent glasses. Characterization of the glass components demonstrates that the core-shell GeO2-SiO2 presents a feasible route to prepare quality, optically transparent low wt % GeO2-SiO2 glasses by DIW printing. Additionally, the results offer a novel, hybrid colloid approach to fabricating 3D-printed Ge-doped silica glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
C. Chinn
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Eric L. Marsh
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Tim Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Zackarea B. Alhejaj
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
- Omaha
North High Magnet School, 4410 N 36th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68111, United
States
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Bachtri T. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
| | - Koroush Sasan
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Dylla-Spears
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joel F. Destino
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Creighton
University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United
States
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7
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Toombs JT, Luitz M, Cook CC, Jenne S, Li CC, Rapp BE, Kotz-Helmer F, Taylor HK. Volumetric additive manufacturing of silica glass with microscale computed axial lithography. Science 2022; 376:308-312. [PMID: 35420940 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glass is increasingly desired as a material for manufacturing complex microscopic geometries, from the micro-optics in compact consumer products to microfluidic systems for chemical synthesis and biological analyses. As the size, geometric, surface roughness, and mechanical strength requirements of glass evolve, conventional processing methods are challenged. We introduce microscale computed axial lithography (micro-CAL) of fused silica components, by tomographically illuminating a photopolymer-silica nanocomposite that is then sintered. We fabricated three-dimensional microfluidics with internal diameters of 150 micrometers, free-form micro-optical elements with a surface roughness of 6 nanometers, and complex high-strength trusses and lattice structures with minimum feature sizes of 50 micrometers. As a high-speed, layer-free digital light manufacturing process, micro-CAL can process nanocomposites with high solids content and high geometric freedom, enabling new device structures and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Toombs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manuel Luitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Caitlyn C Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sophie Jenne
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chi Chung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Kotz-Helmer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Glassomer GmbH, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hayden K Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Zhang H, Huang L, Tan M, Zhao S, Liu H, Lu Z, Li J, Liang Z. Overview of 3D-Printed Silica Glass. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35056246 PMCID: PMC8779994 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Not satisfied with the current stage of the extensive research on 3D printing technology for polymers and metals, researchers are searching for more innovative 3D printing technologies for glass fabrication in what has become the latest trend of interest. The traditional glass manufacturing process requires complex high-temperature melting and casting processes, which presents a great challenge to the fabrication of arbitrarily complex glass devices. The emergence of 3D printing technology provides a good solution. This paper reviews the recent advances in glass 3D printing, describes the history and development of related technologies, and lists popular applications of 3D printing for glass preparation. This review compares the advantages and disadvantages of various processing methods, summarizes the problems encountered in the process of technology application, and proposes the corresponding solutions to select the most appropriate preparation method in practical applications. The application of additive manufacturing in glass fabrication is in its infancy but has great potential. Based on this view, the methods for glass preparation with 3D printing technology are expected to achieve both high-speed and high-precision fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Long Huang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zifeng Lu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinhuan Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhu Liang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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9
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Katir N, El Haskouri J, Amoros P, El Kadib A. Cooperative assembly of redistributed arylgermanium-bearing alkoxysilanes in a mesostructured siloxane network. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02868a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three redistributed arylgermanium-bearing mono-, bis- and tris-triethoxysilyl arms were designed, cocondensed with TEOS to access SBA-15-type materials and embedded in chitosan to prepare functional bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Katir
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070, Fès, Morocco
| | - Jamal El Haskouri
- Instituto de Ciència de los Materials de la Universidad de Valencia, Calle catedratico José Beltran, 2 CP 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Amoros
- Instituto de Ciència de los Materials de la Universidad de Valencia, Calle catedratico José Beltran, 2 CP 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering Division, Euro-Med University of Fes (UEMF), Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda, 30070, Fès, Morocco
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10
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Present state of 3D printing from glass. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper deals with the issue of additive technologies using glass. At the beginning, our research dealt with a review of the current state and specification of potentially interesting methods and solutions. At present, this technology is being actively developed and studied in glass research. However, as the project started at the Department of Glass Producing Machines and Robotics, the following text will be more focused on the existing 3D printing machinery and basic technological approaches. Although “additive manufacturing” in the sense of adding materials has been used in glass manufacturing since the beginning of the production of glass by humans, the term additive manufacturing nowadays refers to 3D printing. Currently, there are several approaches to 3D printing of glass that have various outstanding advantages, but also several serious limitations. The resulting products very often have a high degree of shrinkage and rounding (after sintering), and specific shape structures (after the application in layers), but they generally have a large number of defects (especially bubbles or crystallization issues). Some technologies do not lead to the production of transparent glass and, therefore, its optical properties are significantly restricted. So far, the additive manufacturing of glass do not produce goods that are price competitive to goods produced by conventional glass-making technologies. If 3D glass printing is to be successful as an industrial and/or highly aesthetically valuable method, then it must bring new and otherwise unachievable features and properties, as with 3D printing of plastic, metal, or ceramics. Nowadays, these technologies promise to be such a tool and are beginning to attract more and more interest.
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11
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Zhang D, Liu X, Qiu J. 3D printing of glass by additive manufacturing techniques: a review. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:263-277. [PMID: 36637727 PMCID: PMC9743845 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), which is also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, uses computer-aided design to build objects layer by layer. Here, we focus on the recent progress in the development of techniques for 3D printing of glass, an important optoelectronic material, including fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering/melting, stereolithography (SLA) and direct ink writing. We compare these 3D printing methods and analyze their benefits and problems for the manufacturing of functional glass objects. In addition, we discuss the technological principles of 3D glass printing and applications of 3D printed glass objects. This review is finalized by a summary of the current achievements and perspectives for the future development of the 3D glass printing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and School of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and School of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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12
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Smith KM, Hsiao LC. Migration and Morphology of Colloidal Gel Clusters in Cylindrical Channel Flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10308-10318. [PMID: 34403581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the cluster-level structural parameters of colloidal thermogelling nanoemulsions in channel flow as a function of attractive interactions and local shear stress. The spatiotemporal evolution of the gel microstructure is obtained by directly visualizing the dispersed phase near the edge of a cylindrical channel. We observe the flow of the nanoemulsion gels in a range of radial positions (r) and shear stresses between 70 and 220 Pa, finding that the r-dependent cluster sizes are due to a balance between shear forces that yield bonds and attractive interactions that rebuild the inter-colloid bonds. In addition, the largest clusters appear to be affected by confinement and accumulate toward the central axis of the channel, resulting in a volume fraction gradient. Cluster size and volume fraction variabilities are most prominent when the attractive interactions are the strongest. Specifically, a distinct transition from sparse, fluidized clusters near the walls to concentrated, large clusters toward the center is observed. These two structural states coincide with a velocity-based transition from higher shear rates near the walls to lower shear rates toward the center of the channel. We find a compounding effect where larger gel clusters, formed under strong attractions and low shear stresses, are susceptible to shear-induced migration that intensifies r-dependent heterogeneity and deviations in the flow behavior from predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lilian C Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Barcelos DA, Leitao DC, Pereira LCJ, Gonçalves MC. What Is Driving the Growth of Inorganic Glass in Smart Materials and Opto-Electronic Devices? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2926. [PMID: 34072283 PMCID: PMC8198596 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic glass is a transparent functional material and one of the few materials that keeps leading innovation. In the last decades, inorganic glass was integrated into opto-electronic devices such as optical fibers, semiconductors, solar cells, transparent photovoltaic devices, or photonic crystals and in smart materials applications such as environmental, pharmaceutical, and medical sensors, reinforcing its influence as an essential material and providing potential growth opportunities for the market. Moreover, inorganic glass is the only material that is 100% recyclable and can incorporate other industrial offscourings and/or residues to be used as raw materials. Over time, inorganic glass experienced an extensive range of fabrication techniques, from traditional melting-quenching (with an immense diversity of protocols) to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and wet chemistry routes as sol-gel and solvothermal processes. Additive manufacturing (AM) was recently added to the list. Bulks (3D), thin/thick films (2D), flexible glass (2D), powders (2D), fibers (1D), and nanoparticles (NPs) (0D) are examples of possible inorganic glass architectures able to integrate smart materials and opto-electronic devices, leading to added-value products in a wide range of markets. In this review, selected examples of inorganic glasses in areas such as: (i) magnetic glass materials, (ii) solar cells and transparent photovoltaic devices, (iii) photonic crystal, and (iv) smart materials are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alves Barcelos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana C. Leitao
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R. Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura C. J. Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2685-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2685-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Wang H, Liu LY, Ye P, Huang Z, Ng AYR, Du Z, Dong Z, Tang D, Gan CL. 3D Printing of Transparent Spinel Ceramics with Transmittance Approaching the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007072. [PMID: 33682251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of transparent ceramics has attracted great attention recently but faces the challenges of low transparency and low printing resolution. Herein, magnesium aluminate spinel transparent ceramics with transmittance reaching 97% of the theoretical limit are successfully fabricated using a stereolithography-based 3D printing method assisted by hot isostatic pressing and the critical factors governing the transparency are revealed. Various transparent spinel lenses and microlattices are printed at a high resolution of ≈100-200 µm. The 3D printed spinel lens demonstrates fairly good optical imaging ability, and the printed spinel diamond microlattices as a transparent photocatalyst support for TiO2 significantly enhance its photocatalytic efficiency compared with its opaque counterparts. Compared with other 3D printed transparent materials such as silica glass or organic polymers, the printed spinel ceramics have the advantages of broad optical window, high hardness, excellent high-temperature stability, and chemical resistance and therefore, have great potential to be used in various optical lenses/windows and photocatalyst supports for application in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Li Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- Creatz3D Pte Ltd., 180 Paya Lebar Road, Singapore, 409032, Singapore
| | - Zhangyi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Andrew Yun Ru Ng
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zehui Du
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zhili Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dingyuan Tang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chee Lip Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
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Andrearczyk A, Konieczny B, Sokołowski J. Additively Manufactured Parts Made of a Polymer Material Used for the Experimental Verification of a Component of a High-Speed Machine with an Optimised Geometry-Preliminary Research. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E137. [PMID: 33396352 PMCID: PMC7794797 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method for the experimental validation of numerically optimised turbomachinery components. In the field of additive manufacturing, numerical models still need to be improved, especially with the experimental data. The paper presents the operational characteristics of a compressor wheel, measured during experimental research. The validation process included conducting a computational flow analysis and experimental tests of two compressor wheels: The aluminium wheel and the 3D printed wheel (made of a polymer material). The chosen manufacturing technology and the results obtained made it possible to determine the speed range in which the operation of the tested machine is stable. In addition, dynamic destructive tests were performed on the polymer disc and their results were compared with the results of the strength analysis. The tests were carried out at high rotational speeds (up to 120,000 rpm). The results of the research described above have proven the utility of this technology in the research and development of high-speed turbomachines operating at speeds up to 90,000 rpm. The research results obtained show that the technology used is suitable for multi-variant optimization of the tested machine part. This work has also contributed to the further development of numerical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Andrearczyk
- Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Konieczny
- University Laboratory of Material Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Sokołowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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Dylla-Spears R, Yee TD, Sasan K, Nguyen DT, Dudukovic NA, Ortega JM, Johnson MA, Herrera OD, Ryerson FJ, Wong LL. 3D printed gradient index glass optics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabc7429. [PMID: 33208366 PMCID: PMC7673801 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an additive manufacturing approach to produce gradient refractive index glass optics. Using direct ink writing with an active inline micromixer, we three-dimensionally print multimaterial green bodies with compositional gradients, consisting primarily of silica nanoparticles and varying concentrations of titania as the index-modifying dopant. The green bodies are then consolidated into glass and polished, resulting in optics with tailored spatial profiles of the refractive index. We show that this approach can be used to achieve a variety of conventional and unconventional optical functions in a flat glass component with no surface curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy D Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Koroush Sasan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Du T Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason M Ortega
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lana L Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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