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Li S, Mao Y, Yang J, Li Y, Dong J, Wang Z, Jiang L, He S. Efficient integration of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for augmented photocatalytic efficacy: A review of synthesis, strategies, and applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32202. [PMID: 38947430 PMCID: PMC11214378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis emerges as an exceptionally appealing technological avenue for the direct capture, conversion, and storage of renewable solar energy, facilitating the generation of sustainable and ecologically benign solar fuels and a spectrum of other pertinent applications. Heterogeneous nanocomposites, incorporating Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs), exhibit a wide-ranging spectrum of light absorption, well-suited electronic band structures, rapid charge carrier mobility, ample resource availability, commendable chemical robustness, and straightforward synthetic routes. These attributes collectively position them as highly promising photocatalysts with applicability in diverse fields, including but not limited to the production of photocatalytic solar fuels and the decomposition of environmental contaminants. As the field of photocatalysis through the hybridization of CTFs undergoes rapid expansion, there is a pressing and substantive need for a systematic retrospective analysis and forward-looking evaluation to elucidate pathways for enhancing performance. This comprehensive review commences by directing attention to diverse synthetic methodologies for the creation of composite materials. And then it delves into a thorough exploration of strategies geared towards augmenting performance, encompassing the introduction of electron donor-acceptor (D-A) units, heteroatom doping, defect Engineering, architecture of Heterojunction and optimization of morphology. Following this, it systematically elucidates applications primarily centered around the efficient generation of photocatalytic hydrogen, reduction of carbon dioxide through photocatalysis, and the degradation of organic pollutants. Ultimately, the discourse turns towards unresolved challenges and the prospects for further advancement, offering valuable guidance for the potent harnessing of CTFs in high-efficiency photocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yintian Mao
- Hangzhou Environmental Group Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixian Jiang
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shilong He
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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2
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Huang WF, Xu HB, Zhu SC, He Y, Chen HY, Li DW. Core-Shell Gold Nanoparticles@Pd-Loaded Covalent Organic Framework for In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2421-2428. [PMID: 38644577 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A core-shell nanostructure of gold nanoparticles@covalent organic framework (COF) loaded with palladium nanoparticles (AuNPs@COF-PdNPs) was designed for the rapid monitoring of catalytic reactions with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The nanostructure was prepared by coating the COF layer on AuNPs and then in situ synthesizing PdNPs within the COF shell. With the respective SERS activity and catalytic performance of the AuNP core and COF-PdNPs shell, the nanostructure can be directly used in the SERS study of the catalytic reaction processes. It was shown that the confinement effect of COF resulted in the high dispersity of PdNPs and outstanding catalytic activity of AuNPs@COF-PdNPs, thus improving the reaction rate constant of the AuNPs@COF-PdNPs-catalyzed hydrogenation reduction by 10 times higher than that obtained with Au/Pd NPs. In addition, the COF layer can serve as a protective shell to make AuNPs@COF-PdNPs possess excellent reusability. Moreover, the loading of PdNPs within the COF layer was found to be in favor of avoiding intermediate products to achieve a high total conversion rate. AuNPs@COF-PdNPs also showed great catalytic activities toward the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Taken together, the proposed core-shell nanostructure has great potential in monitoring and exploring catalytic processes and interfacial reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Han-Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Pan X, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Zhu Q. Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Derived from Covalent Triazine Framework for Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:744. [PMID: 38727338 PMCID: PMC11085570 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of alcohols is an important transformation in the chemical industry. Carbon materials with a large surface area and N doping show great promise as metal-free catalysts for the reaction. In this study, a rich N-containing covalent triazine framework polymerized by cyanuric chloride and p-phenylenediamine was used to synthesize N-doped porous carbon with the assistance of a pore-forming agent-NaCl. First, the mass ratio of the polymer/NaCl was optimized to 1:9. Then, the influence of the pyrolysis temperatures (700-1000 °C) on the materials was studied in detail. It was found that the carbon materials were gradually exfoliated by molten salt at high temperatures. XRD and Raman characterizations showed them with a certain graphitization. The optimal doped carbon CNN-1-9-900 achieved the highest surface area of 199.03 m2g-1 with the largest pore volume of 0.29 cm3g-1. Furthermore, it had a high N content of 9.9 at% with the highest relative proportion of pyridinic/graphitic N. Due to the synergistic effect between the surface area and pyridinic/graphitic N, CNN-1-9-900 showed the best performance for benzyl alcohol oxidation with TBHP at moderate conditions, and the process also worked for its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongchang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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4
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Salahvarzi M, Setaro A, Ludwig K, Amsalem P, Schultz T, Mehdipour E, Nemati M, Chong C, Reich S, Adeli M. Synthesis of two-dimensional triazine covalent organic frameworks at ambient conditions to detect and remove water pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117078. [PMID: 37704076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of fully triazine frameworks (C3N3) by metal catalyzed reactions at high temperatures results in carbonized and less-defined structures. Moreover, metal impurities affect the physicochemical, optical and electrical properties of the synthesized frameworks, dramatically. In this work, two-dimensional C3N3 (2DC3N3) has been synthesized by in situ catalyst-free copolymerization of sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, at ambient conditions on gram scale. Reaction between sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride resulted in electron-poor polyfunctional intermediates, which converted to 2DC3N3 with several hundred micrometers lateral size at ambient conditions upon [2 + 2+2] cyclotrimerization. 2DC3N3 sheets, in bulk and individually, showed strong fluorescence with 63% quantum yield and sensitive to small objects such as dyes and metal ions. The sensitivity of 2DC3N3 emission to foreign objects was used to detect low concentration of water impurities. Due to the high negative surface charge (-37.7 mV) and dispersion in aqueous solutions, they demonstrated a high potential to remove positively charged dyes from water, exemplified by excellent removal efficiency (>99%) for methylene blue. Taking advantage of the straightforward production and strong interactions with dyes and metal ions, 2DC3N3 was integrated in filters and used for the fast detection and efficient removal of water impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Setaro
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Department of Engineering, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Amsalem
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Cheng Chong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Chen X, Liu D, Yang C, Shi L, Li F. Hexaazatrinaphthalene-Based Covalent Triazine Framework-Supported Rhodium(III) Complex: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts is an important topic. Herein, a rhodium(III) complex Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF was synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*RhCl2]2 on a hexaazatrinaphthalene-based covalent triazine framework. In the presence of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF (1 mo l% Rh), a series of primary amines could be obtained via the reductive amination of ketones in high yields. Moreover, catalytic activity of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF is well maintained during six runs. The present catalytic system was also applied for the large scale preparation of a biologically active compound. It would facilitate the development of CTF-supported transition metal catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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6
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Sun R, Tan B. Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs): Synthesis, Crystallization, and Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203077. [PMID: 36504463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) have received great attention from academia owing to their unique structure characteristics such as nitrogen-rich structure, chemical stability, fully conjugated skeleton and high surface area; all these unique properties make CTFs attractive for widespread applications, especially for photocatalytic applications. In this review, we aim to provide recent advances in the CTFs preparation, and mainly focus on their photocatalytic applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the CTFs' synthetic methods, crystallinity lifting strategies, and their applications for photocatalytic water splitting. Firstly, a brief background including the photocatalytic water splitting and crystallinity are provided. Then, synthetic methods related to CTFs and the strategies for enhancing the crystallinity are summarized and compared. After that, the general photocatalytic mechanism and the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of CTFs are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of fabricating high crystalline CTFs and designing CTFs with excellent photocatalytic performance are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
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7
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Tsai T, Chen Y, Chang C, Lai Y. Further investigation of conjugated length and dispersity on light‐driven hydrogen evolution facilitated by conjugated polymers. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien‐Liang Tsai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hao Chang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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8
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Iemhoff A, Vennewald M, Palkovits R. Single-Atom Catalysts on Covalent Triazine Frameworks: at the Crossroad between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212015. [PMID: 36108176 PMCID: PMC10108136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous single-site and single-atom catalysts potentially enable combining the high catalytic activity and selectivity of molecular catalysts with the easy continuous operation and recycling of solid catalysts. In recent years, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) found increasing attention as support materials for particulate and isolated metal species. Bearing a high fraction of nitrogen sites, they allow coordinating molecular metal species and stabilizing particulate metal species, respectively. Dependent on synthesis method and pretreatment of CTFs, materials resembling well-defined highly crosslinked polymers or materials comparable to structurally ill-defined nitrogen-containing carbons result. Accordingly, CTFs serve as model systems elucidating the interaction of single-site, single-atom and particulate metal species with such supports. Factors influencing the transition between molecular and particulate systems are discussed to allow deriving tailored catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Iemhoff
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Vennewald
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Huang Y, Zhu C, Liao J, Gu XK, Li WX. First-principles study of the effect of the local coordination environment on the electrochemical activity of Pd1-CxNy single atom catalysts. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Scandurra A, Iacono V, Boscarino S, Scalese S, Grimaldi MG, Ruffino F. Alkaline Electro-Sorption of Hydrogen Onto Nanoparticles of Pt, Pd, Pt 80Pd 20 and Cu(OH) 2 Obtained by Pulsed Laser Ablation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:561. [PMID: 36770523 PMCID: PMC9919309 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media has received a renewed interest both in the fundamental research as well as in practical applications. Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) has been demonstrated as a very useful technique for the unconventional preparation of nanomaterials with amazing electro-catalyst properties toward HER, compared to those of nanomaterials prepared by conventional methods. In this paper, we compared the electro-sorption properties of hydrogen in alkaline media by Pt, Pd, Pt80Pd20, and Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by PLAL. The NPs were placed onto graphene paper (GP). Noble metal particles have an almost spherical shape, whereas Cu(OH)2 presents a flower-bud-like shape, formed by very thin nanowalls. XPS analyses of Cu(OH)2 are compatible with a high co-ordination of Cu(II) centers by OH and H2O. A thin layer of perfluorosulfone ionomer placed onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) enhances their distribution on the surface of graphene paper (GP), thereby improving their electro-catalytic properties. The proposed mechanisms for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on noble metals and Cu(OH)2 are in line with the adsorption energies of H, OH, and H2O on the surfaces of Pt, Pd, and oxidized copper. A significant spillover mechanism was observed for the noble metals when supported by graphene paper. Cu(OH)2 prepared by PLAL shows a competitive efficiency toward HER that is attributed to its high hydrophilicity which, in turn, is due to the high co-ordination of Cu(II) centers in very thin Cu(OH)2 layers by OH- and H2O. We propose the formation of an intermediate complex with water which can reduce the barrier energy of water adsorption and dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Scandurra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM, Catania University Unit), via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Iacono
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM, Catania University Unit), via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Boscarino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM, Catania University Unit), via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Scalese
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada, 5 (Zona Industriale), 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Grimaldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM, Catania University Unit), via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM, Catania University Unit), via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
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11
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Liu M, Deng WH, Wang X, Liu J, Jin S, Xu G, Tan B. Hydrogen Bond Activation by Pyridinic Nitrogen for the High Proton Conductivity of Covalent Triazine Framework Loaded with H 3 PO 4. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201298. [PMID: 36184870 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under high temperature anhydrous conditions, it is still a formidable challenge to improve the performance of proton-conducting materials based on H3 PO4 and elucidate its proton conduction mechanism. Herein, a highly stable covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) based on H3 PO4 is reported. The more pyridinic nitrogen CTFs contain, the higher proton conductivity is. Compared with H3 PO4 @CTF-L with less pyridinic nitrogen, H3 PO4 @CTF-H has a higher proton conductivity of 1.6×10-1 S cm-1 at 150 °C under anhydrous conditions, which does not decay after about 18 months exposure in air. The high proton conductivity is associated with the formation and breaking of the activated Ntriazine ⋯H+ ⋯H2 PO4 - pairs by pyridinic nitrogen of CTFs. The outstanding long-term stability is mainly attributed to the ultra-strong triazine skeleton structure of CTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, 461000, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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12
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Thangamuthu M, Ruan Q, Ohemeng PO, Luo B, Jing D, Godin R, Tang J. Polymer Photoelectrodes for Solar Fuel Production: Progress and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11778-11829. [PMID: 35699661 PMCID: PMC9284560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Converting solar energy to fuels has attracted substantial interest over the past decades because it has the potential to sustainably meet the increasing global energy demand. However, achieving this potential requires significant technological advances. Polymer photoelectrodes are composed of earth-abundant elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, which promise to be more economically sustainable than their inorganic counterparts. Furthermore, the electronic structure of polymer photoelectrodes can be more easily tuned to fit the solar spectrum than inorganic counterparts, promising a feasible practical application. As a fast-moving area, in particular, over the past ten years, we have witnessed an explosion of reports on polymer materials, including photoelectrodes, cocatalysts, device architectures, and fundamental understanding experimentally and theoretically, all of which have been detailed in this review. Furthermore, the prospects of this field are discussed to highlight the future development of polymer photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Thangamuthu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Qiushi Ruan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Peter Osei Ohemeng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Bing Luo
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dengwei Jing
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Robert Godin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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13
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Scandurra A, Censabella M, Gulino A, Grimaldi MG, Ruffino F. Electro-Sorption of Hydrogen by Platinum, Palladium and Bimetallic Pt-Pd Nanoelectrode Arrays Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Ablation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060963. [PMID: 35744577 PMCID: PMC9228338 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable and renewable production of hydrogen by water electrolysers is expected to be one of the most promising methods to satisfy the ever-growing demand for renewable energy production and storage. Hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte is still challenging due to its slow kinetic properties. This study proposes new nanoelectrode arrays for high Faradaic efficiency of the electro-sorption reaction of hydrogen in an alkaline electrolyte. A comparative study of the nanoelectrode arrays, consisting of platinum or palladium or bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) Pt80Pd20 (wt.%), obtained by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation in aqueous environment, casted onto graphene paper, is proposed. The effects of thin films of perfluoro-sulfonic ionomer on the material morphology, nanoparticles dispersion, and electrochemical performance have been investigated. The NPs-GP systems have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. Faradaic efficiency up to 86.6% and hydrogen storage capacity up to 6 wt.% have been obtained by the Pt-ionomer and Pd/Pt80Pd20 systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Scandurra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.G.); (F.R.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), Viale Andrea Doria 8 and Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Censabella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.G.); (F.R.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), Viale Andrea Doria 8 and Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Grimaldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.G.); (F.R.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.G.G.); (F.R.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of the University of Catania, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM-UdR of Catania), Viale Andrea Doria 8 and Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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14
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Chen H, Suo X, Yang Z, Dai S. Graphitic Aza-Fused π-Conjugated Networks: Construction, Engineering, and Task-Specific Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107947. [PMID: 34739143 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D π-conjugated networks linked by aza-fused units represent a pivotal category of graphitic materials with stacked nanosheet architectures. Extensive efforts have been directed at their fabrication and application since the discovery of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). Besides the triazine cores, tricycloquinazoline and hexaazatriphenylene linkages are further introduced to tailor the structures and properties. Diverse related materials have been developed rapidly, and a thorough outlook is necessitated to unveil the structure-property-application relationships across multiple subcategories, which is pivotal to guide the design and fabrication toward enhanced task-specific performance. Herein, the structure types and development of related materials including CTFs, covalent quinazoline networks, and hexaazatriphenylene networks, are introduced. Advanced synthetic strategies coupled with characterization techniques provide powerful tools to engineer the properties and tune the associated behaviors in corresponding applications. Case studies in the areas of gas adsorption, membrane-based separation, thermo-/electro-/photocatalysis, and energy storage are then addressed, focusing on the correlation between structure/property engineering and optimization of the corresponding performance, particularly the preferred features and strategies in each specific field. In the last section, the underlying challenges and opportunities in construction and application of this emerging and promising material category are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xian Suo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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15
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Iemhoff A, Vennewald M, Artz J, Mebrahtu C, Meledin A, Weirich TE, Hartmann H, Besmehn A, Aramini M, Venturini F, Mosselmans F, Held G, Arrigo R, Palkovits R. On the stability of isolated iridium sites in N‐rich frameworks against agglomeration under reducing conditions. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andree Iemhoff
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen ITMC 52074 Aachen GERMANY
| | - Maurice Vennewald
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen ITMC 52074 Aachen GERMANY
| | - Jens Artz
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen ITMC 52074 Aachen GERMANY
| | - Chalachew Mebrahtu
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen ITMC 52074 Aachen GERMANY
| | - Alexander Meledin
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen GFE GERMANY
| | - Thomas E. Weirich
- RWTH: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen GFE GERMANY
| | - Heinrich Hartmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH ZEA-3 GERMANY
| | - Astrid Besmehn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH ZEA-3 GERMANY
| | - Matteo Aramini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Federica Venturini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fred Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science and Innovation Campus UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Regina Palkovits
- RWTH Aachen University Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen GERMANY
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16
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Modification of Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071363. [PMID: 35406237 PMCID: PMC9003054 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of solar energy and water to hydrogen via semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the efficient strategies to mitigate the energy and environmental crisis. Conjugated polymeric photocatalysts have advantages over their inorganic counterparts. Their molecular structures, band structures, and electronic properties are easily tunable through molecular engineering to extend their spectral response ranges, improve their quantum efficiencies, and enhance their hydrogen evolution rates. In particular, covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) present a strong potential for solar-driven hydrogen generation due to their large continuous π-conjugated structure, high thermal and chemical stability, and efficient charge transfer and separation capability. Herein, synthesis strategies, functional optimization, and applications in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of CTFs since the first investigation are reviewed. Finally, the challenges of hydrogen generation for CTFs are summarized, and the direction of material modifications is proposed.
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17
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Cao LM, Zhang J, Zhang XF, He CT. Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1569-1593. [PMID: 35282621 PMCID: PMC8827140 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A balance between activity and stability is greatly challenging in designing efficient metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for heterogeneous catalysis. Generally, reducing the size of MNPs to the atomic scale can provide high atom utilization, abundant active sites, and special electronic/band structures, for vastly enhancing their catalytic activity. Nevertheless, due to the dramatically increased surface free energy, such ultrafine nanostructures often suffer from severe aggregation and/or structural degradation during synthesis and catalysis, greatly weakening their reactivities, selectivities and stabilities. Porous molecule-based materials (PMMs), mainly including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs) or cages (POCs), exhibit high specific surface areas, high porosity, and tunable molecular confined space, being promising carriers or precursors to construct ultrafine nanostructures. The confinement effects of their nano/sub-nanopores or specific binding sites can not only effectively limit the agglomeration and growth of MNPs during reduction or pyrolysis processes, but also stabilize the resultant ultrafine nanostructures and modulate their electronic structures and stereochemistry in catalysis. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in the confinement synthesis in PMMs for constructing atomic-scale nanostructures, such as ultrafine MNPs, nanoclusters, and single atoms. Firstly, we illustrated the typical confinement methods for synthesis. Secondly, we discussed different confinement strategies, including PMM-confinement strategy and PMM-confinement pyrolysis strategy, for synthesizing ultrafine nanostructures. Finally, we put forward the challenges and new opportunities for further applications of confinement synthesis in PMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
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18
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Gan J, Li X, Rizwan K, Adeel M, Bilal M, Rasheed T, Iqbal HMN. Covalent organic frameworks-based smart materials for mitigation of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131710. [PMID: 34343918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emergent group of crystalline porous materials that have gained incredible interest in recent years. With foreseeable controllable functionalities and structural configurations, the constructions and catalytic properties of these organic polymeric materials can be controlled to fabricate targeted materials. The specified monomer linkers and pre-designed architecture of COFs facilitate the post-synthetic modifications for introducing novel functions and useful properties. By virtue of inherent porosity, robust framework, well-ordered geometry, functionality, higher stability, and amenability to functionalization, COFs and COFs-based composites are regarded as prospective nanomaterials for environmental clean-up and remediation. This report spotlights the state-of-the-art advances and progress in COFs-based materials to efficiently mitigate pharmaceutical-based environmental pollutants from aqueous solutions. Synthesis approaches, structure, functionalization, and sustainability aspects of COFs are discussed. Moreover, the adsorptive and photocatalytic potential of COFs and their derived nanocomposites for removal and degradation of pharmaceuticals are thoroughly vetted. In addition to deciphering adsorption mechanism/isotherms, the stability, regeneratability and reproducibility are also delineated. Lastly, the outcomes are summed up, and new directions are proposed to widen the promise of COF-based smart materials in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianSong Gan
- School of Food and Drug, Jiangsu Vocational College of Finance & Economics, Huaian, 223003, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221094, China.
| | - XiaoBing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221094, China
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, iPRACS, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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19
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Solangi MY, Aftab U, Tahira A, Abro MI, Mazarro R, Morandi V, Nafady A, Medany SS, Infantes-Molina A, Ibupoto ZH. An efficient palladium oxide nanoparticles@Co3O4 nanocomposite with low chemisorbed species for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2022; 47:3834-3845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
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20
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Zhou Z, Bie C, Li P, Tan B, Shen Y. A thioether-functionalized pyrene-based covalent organic framework anchoring ultrafine Au nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Zhang J, Xu Y, Lan M, Wang X, Fu N, Yang Z. Heteroatom-doped carbon materials derived from covalent triazine framework@MOF for oxygen reduction reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14482-14490. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatoms-doped carbon catalysts are ideal ways to promote the kinetic process of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their high energy conversion efficiency. Here, we report a series of catalysts...
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22
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Liu M, Yang K, Li Z, Fan E, Fu H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zheng Z. The O/S heteroatom effects of covalent triazine frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:92-95. [PMID: 34874023 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
S/O heterocyclic covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs i.e., CTF-7 and CTF-8) were synthesized using thiophene and furan as building blocks, respectively. The hydrogen evolution rate of CTF-7 is 7430 μmol g-1 h-1, which is about 5.6 times that of CTF-8. Due to their low electronegativity, sulfur heteroatoms are more favorable for charge separation than oxygen heteroatoms in CTFs. This work provides a guiding principle for the design of high efficiency photocatalyst structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Kangni Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenyang Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Erchuang Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huafeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Like Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Yange Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
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23
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Xia C, Kirlikovali KO, Nguyen THC, Nguyen XC, Tran QB, Duong MK, Nguyen Dinh MT, Nguyen DLT, Singh P, Raizada P, Nguyen VH, Kim SY, Singh L, Nguyen CC, Shokouhimehr M, Le QV. The emerging covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for solar-driven fuels production. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Liu C, Wang YC, Yang Q, Li XY, Yi F, Liu KW, Cao HM, Wang CJ, Yan HJ. Graphene Oxide-Assisted Covalent Triazine Framework for Boosting Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. Chemistry 2021; 27:13059-13066. [PMID: 34190368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with two-dimensional structures have exhibited promising visible-light-induced H2 evolution performance. However, it is still a challenge to improve their activity. Herein, we report π-conjugation-linked CTF-1/GO for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution. The CTF-1/GO hybrid material was obtained by a facile low-temperature condensation of 1,4-dicyanobenzene in the presence of GO. The results of photocatalytic H2 evolution indicate that the optimum hybrid, CTF-1/GO-3.0, exhibited an H2 evolution rate of 2262.4 μmol ⋅ g-1 ⋅ h-1 under visible light irradiation, which was 9 times that of pure CTF-1. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the fact that GO in CTF-1/GO hybrids not only acts as an electron collector and transporter like a "bridge" to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges but also shortens the electron migration path due to its thin sheet layer uniformly distribution over CTF-1. This work could help future development of novel conjugated CTF-based composite materials as high-efficiency photocatalyst for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China.,Department Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongchao C Wang
- Department Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Y Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangli Yi
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Kewei W Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei M Cao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuijuan J Wang
- Department Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjian J Yan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
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25
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Ru C, Zhou T, Zhang J, Wu X, Sun P, Chen P, Zhou L, Zhao H, Wu J, Pan X. Introducing Secondary Acceptors into Conjugated Polymers to Improve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhou
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining 810006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Science & Technology for Opto-Electronic Information, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- New Energy (Photovoltaic) Industry Research Center, Qinghai University, Xining 810006, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous organic polymers built from covalent organic blocks that can be photochemically active when incorporating organic semiconducting units, such as triazine rings or diacetylene bridges. The bandgap, charge separation capacity, porosity, wettability, and chemical stability of COFs can be tuned by properly choosing their constitutive building blocks, by extension of conjugation, by adjustment of the size and crystallinity of the pores, and by synthetic post-functionalization. This review focuses on the recent uses of COFs as photoactive platforms for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which usually metal nanoparticles (NPs) or metallic compounds (generally Pt-based) act as co-catalysts. The most promising COF-based photocatalytic HER systems will be discussed, and special emphasis will be placed on rationalizing their structure and light-harvesting properties in relation to their catalytic activity and stability under turnover conditions. Finally, the aspects that need to be improved in the coming years will be discussed, such as the degree of dispersibility in water, the global photocatalytic efficiency, and the robustness and stability of the hybrid systems, putting emphasis on both the COF and the metal co-catalyst.
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27
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Bian G, Yin J, Zhu J. Recent Advances on Conductive 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006043. [PMID: 33624949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a burgeoning family of crystalline porous copolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow precise atomic insertion of organic components in the topology construction to form periodic networks and ordered nanopores. Their 2D networks bear great similarities to graphene analogs, and therefore are essential additions to the 2D family. Here, the electronic properties of conductive 2D-COFs are reviewed and their bonding strategies and structural characteristics are examined in detail. The controlling approaches toward the morphologies of conductive 2D-COFs are further explored, followed by a discussion of their applications in field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Finally, research challenges and forthcoming developments are projected. The resulting survey reveals that the extended porous 2D organic networks with conductive properties will provide great opportunities and essential innovations in various electronics and energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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28
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Huang X, Zhang YB. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sunlight-driven Hydrogen Evolution. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
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29
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Xu Z, Cui Y, Guo B, Li H, Li H. Boosting Visible‐Light‐Driven H
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Evolution of Covalent Triazine Framework from Water by Modifying Ni(II) Pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate Cocatalyst. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Yao Cui
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Hai‐Yan Li
- Analysis and Testing Center Soochow University Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Hong‐Xi Li
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 215123 Suzhou P.R. China
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30
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Jena HS, Krishnaraj C, Parwaiz S, Lecoeuvre F, Schmidt J, Pradhan D, Van Der Voort P. Illustrating the Role of Quaternary-N of BINOL Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks in Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44689-44699. [PMID: 32897044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Defective nitrogen-doped carbon materials have shown a promising application as metal-free electrocatalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, there are still some challenges in the tuning of metal-free electrocatalysts and in understanding the roles of various nitrogen species in their electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we design a covalent triazine framework (CTF)-based material as an effective metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst. We chose BINOL-CN (2,2'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-6,6'-dicarbonitrile) as both a carbon and a nitrogen source for the fabrication of N-containing CTF-based materials. Four BINOL-CTFs with varying N-functionalities (pyridinic-N/triazine-N, pyrrolic-N, quaternary-N, and pyridine-N-oxide) were successfully obtained. These materials were evaluated in the ORR and the HER in basic and acidic conditions, respectively. The best material has an onset potential of 0.793 V and a half-wave potential of 0.737 V, and it follows first-order kinetics in a 4e- pathway in the ORR reaction. The same material shows an impressive HER activity with an overpotential of 0.31 V to achieve 10 mA/cm2 and a small Tafel slope of 41 mV/dec, which is comparable to 31 mV/dec for Pt/C, making it a potential bifunctional electrocatalyst. We showed that the ORR and HER reactivity of CTF-based materials depends exclusively on the amount of quaternary-N species and on the available surface area and pore volume. This work highlights the engineering of CTF materials with varying amounts of N species as high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sekhar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3 B), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chidharth Krishnaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3 B), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaikh Parwaiz
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Florence Lecoeuvre
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3 B), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie - Funktionsmaterialien, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3 B), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Haase F, Lotsch BV. Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8469-8500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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