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Rashidi S, Bagherpour G, Abbasi-Malati Z, Khosrowshahi ND, Chegeni SA, Roozbahani G, Lotfimehr H, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Endothelial progenitor cells for fabrication of engineered vascular units and angiogenesis induction. Cell Prolif 2024:e13716. [PMID: 39051852 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The promotion of vascularization and angiogenesis in the grafts is a crucial phenomenon in the healing process and tissue engineering. It has been shown that stem cells, especially endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), can stimulate blood vessel formation inside the engineered hydrogels after being transplanted into the target sites. The incorporation of EPCs into the hydrogel can last the retention time, long-term survival, on-target delivery effects, migration and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. Despite these advantages, further modifications are mandatory to increase the dynamic growth and angiogenesis potential of EPCs in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Chemical modifications of distinct composites with distinct physical properties can yield better regenerative potential and angiogenesis during several pathologies. Here, we aimed to collect recent findings related to the application of EPCs in engineered vascular grafts and/or hydrogels for improving vascularization in the grafts. Data from the present article can help us in the application of EPCs as valid cell sources in the tissue engineering of several ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Bagherpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Student Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Aghakhani Chegeni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golbarg Roozbahani
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Lotfimehr
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Kim JU, Ko J, Kim YS, Jung M, Jang MH, An YH, Hwang NS. Electrical Stimulating Redox Membrane Incorporated with PVA/Gelatin Nanofiber for Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400170. [PMID: 38989721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds adversely affect the quality of life. Although electrical stimulation has been utilized to treat chronic wounds, there are still limitations to practicing it due to the complicated power system. Herein, an electrostimulating membrane incorporated with electrospun nanofiber (M-sheet) to treat diabetic wounds is developed. Through the screen printing method, the various alternate patterns of both Zn and AgCl on a polyurethane substrate, generating redox-mediated electrical fields are introduced. The antibacterial ability of the patterned membrane against both E. coli and S. aureus is confirmed. Furthermore, the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin electrospun fiber is incorporated into the patterned membrane to enhance biocompatibility and maintain the wet condition in the wound environment. The M-sheet can improve cell proliferation and migration in vitro and has an immune regulatory effect by inducing the polarization of macrophage to the M2 phenotype. Finally, when applied to a diabetic skin wound model, the M-sheet displays an accelerated wound healing rate and enhances re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. It suggests that the M-sheet is a simple and portable system for the spontaneous generation of electrical stimulation and has great potential to be used in the practical wound and other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Uk Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Sol Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoong Jung
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Jang
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeon An
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hao M, Wang D, Duan M, Kan S, Li S, Wu H, Xiang J, Liu W. Functional drug-delivery hydrogels for oral and maxillofacial wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1241660. [PMID: 37600316 PMCID: PMC10434880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1241660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair process for oral and maxillofacial injuries involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Injury repair involves a variety of cells, including platelets, immune cells, fibroblasts, and various cytokines. Rapid and adequate healing of oral and maxillofacial trauma is a major concern to patients. Functional drug-delivery hydrogels play an active role in promoting wound healing and have shown unique advantages in wound dressings. Functional hydrogels promote wound healing through their adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, hemostatic, angiogenic, and re-epithelialization-promoting properties, effectively sealing wounds and reducing inflammation. In addition, functional hydrogels can respond to changes in temperature, light, magnetic fields, pH, and reactive oxygen species to release drugs, enabling precise treatment. Furthermore, hydrogels can deliver various cargos that promote healing, including nucleic acids, cytokines, small-molecule drugs, stem cells, exosomes, and nanomaterials. Therefore, functional drug-delivery hydrogels have a positive impact on the healing of oral and maxillofacial injuries. This review describes the oral mucosal structure and healing process and summarizes the currently available responsive hydrogels used to promote wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengna Duan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoning Kan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangji Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcheng Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Li H, Li B, Lv D, Li W, Lu Y, Luo G. Biomaterials releasing drug responsively to promote wound healing via regulation of pathological microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114778. [PMID: 36931347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is characterized by complex, orchestrated, spatiotemporal dynamic processes. Recent findings demonstrated suitable local microenvironments were necessities for wound healing. Wound microenvironments include various biological, biochemical and physical factors, which are produced and regulated by endogenous biomediators, exogenous drugs, and external environment. Successful drug delivery to wound is complicated, and need to overcome the destroyed blood supply, persistent inflammation and enzymes, spatiotemporal requirements of special supplements, and easy deactivation of drugs. Triggered by various factors from wound microenvironment itself or external elements, stimuli-responsive biomaterials have tremendous advantages of precise drug delivery and release. Here, we discuss recent advances of stimuli-responsive biomaterials to regulate local microenvironments during wound healing, emphasizing on the design and application of different biomaterials which respond to wound biological/biochemical microenvironments (ROS, pH, enzymes, glucose and glutathione), physical microenvironments (mechanical force, temperature, light, ultrasound, magnetic and electric field), and the combination modes. Moreover, several novel promising drug carriers (microbiota, metal-organic frameworks and microneedles) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Buying Li
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dalun Lv
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, China; Beijing Jayyalife Biological Technology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Beijing Jayyalife Biological Technology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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5
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Li J, Liu X, Tao W, Li Y, Du Y, Zhang S. Micropatterned composite membrane guides oriented cell growth and vascularization for accelerating wound healing. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac108. [PMID: 36683746 PMCID: PMC9847515 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin defect is common in daily life, but repairing large skin defects remains a challenge. Using biomaterials to deliver biochemical or physical factors to promote skin tissue regeneration is of great significance for accelerating wound healing. Specific surface micropatterns on biomaterials could affect cell behavior and tissue regeneration. However, few studies have focused on the construction of wound healing biomaterials with surface micropatterns and their role in skin tissue regeneration. In the present study, gelatin-polycaprolactone/silk fibroin composite membranes with different micropatterns were fabricated by photolithography, including line, grid and plane micropatterns. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the line micropattern on the composite membrane could guide cell-oriented growth, and more importantly, promote the expression of angiogenesis-related markers and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at both gene level and protein level. In the rat full-thickness skin defect model, the composite membrane with line micropatterns increased α-SMA production and neovascularization in wounds, leading to accelerated wound contraction and healing. The current study not only suggests that composite membranes with specific micropatterns can be promising wound repair materials but also provides new insights into the importance of biomaterial surface topology for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weiyong Tao
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Wuhan Institute of Industrial Innovation and Development, Wuhan 430074, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Li
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China,Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Wuhan Institute of Industrial Innovation and Development, Wuhan 430074, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingying Du
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Y.D.); (S.Z.)
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6
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Liu Y, Su G, Zhang R, Dai R, Li Z. Nanomaterials-Functionalized Hydrogels for the Treatment of Cutaneous Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:336. [PMID: 36613778 PMCID: PMC9820076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been utilized extensively in the field of cutaneous wound treatment. The introduction of nanomaterials (NMs), which are a big category of materials with diverse functionalities, can endow the hydrogels with additional and multiple functions to meet the demand for a comprehensive performance in wound dressings. Therefore, NMs-functionalized hydrogels (NMFHs) as wound dressings have drawn intensive attention recently. Herein, an overview of reports about NMFHs for the treatment of cutaneous wounds in the past five years is provided. Firstly, fabrication strategies, which are mainly divided into physical embedding and chemical synthesis of the NMFHs, are summarized and illustrated. Then, functions of the NMFHs brought by the NMs are reviewed, including hemostasis, antimicrobial activity, conductivity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and stimulus responsiveness (pH responsiveness, photo-responsiveness, and magnetic responsiveness). Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed with the hope of inspiring additional ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun Liu
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gongmeiyue Su
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruoyao Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Wychowaniec JK, Brougham DF. Emerging Magnetic Fabrication Technologies Provide Controllable Hierarchically-Structured Biomaterials and Stimulus Response for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202278. [PMID: 36228106 PMCID: PMC9731717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites which exhibit well-defined physical properties and encode spatiotemporally-controlled responses are emerging as components for advanced responsive systems. For biomedical applications magnetic nanocomposite materials have attracted significant attention due to their ability to respond to spatially and temporally varying magnetic fields. The current state-of-the-art in development and fabrication of magnetic hydrogels toward biomedical applications is described. There is accelerating progress in the field due to advances in manufacturing capabilities. Three categories can be identified: i) Magnetic hydrogelation, DC magnetic fields are used during solidification/gelation for aligning particles; ii) additive manufacturing of magnetic materials, 3D printing technologies are used to develop spatially-encoded magnetic properties, and more recently; iii) magnetic additive manufacturing, magnetic responses are applied during the printing process to develop increasingly complex structural arrangement that may recapitulate anisotropic tissue structure and function. The magnetic responsiveness of conventionally and additively manufactured magnetic hydrogels are described along with recent advances in soft magnetic robotics, and the categorization is related to final architecture and emergent properties. Future challenges and opportunities, including the anticipated role of combinatorial approaches in developing 4D-responsive functional materials for tackling long-standing problems in biomedicine including production of 3D-specified responsive cell scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek K. Wychowaniec
- School of ChemistryUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland
- AO Research Institute DavosClavadelerstrasse 8Davos7270Switzerland
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8
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Lee JJ, Ng HY, Lin YH, Liu EW, Lin TJ, Chiu HT, Ho XR, Yang HA, Shie MY. The 3D printed conductive grooved topography hydrogel combined with electrical stimulation for synergistically enhancing wound healing of dermal fibroblast cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213132. [PMID: 36215748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with extensive cutaneous damage resulting from poor wound healing often have other comorbidities such as diabetes that may lead to impaired skin functions and scar formation. Many recent studies have shown that the application of electrical stimulation (ES) to cutaneous lesions significantly improves skin regeneration via activation of AKT intracellular signaling cascades and secretion of regeneration-related growth factors. In this study, we fabricated varying concentrations of gelatin-methacrylate (GelMa) hydrogels with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which is a conductive material commonly used in tissue engineering due to its efficiency among conductive thermo-elastic materials. The results showed successful modification of PEDOT:PSS with GelMa while retaining the original structural characteristics of the GelMa hydrogels. In addition, the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS increased the interactions between both the materials, thus leading to enhanced mechanical strength, improved swelling ratio, and decreased hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. Our GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds were designed to have micro-grooves on the surfaces of the scaffolds for the purpose of directional guiding. In addition, our scaffolds were shown to have excellent electrical conductivity, thus leading to enhanced cellular proliferation and directional migration and orientation of human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo studies revealed that the GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds with electrical stimulation were able to induce full skin thickness regeneration, as seen from the various stainings. These results indicate the potential of GelMa/PEDOT:PSS as an electro-conductive biomaterial for future skin regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jr Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Yee Ng
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - En-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Rong Ho
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-An Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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9
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Zhu M, Zhang R, Mao Z, Fang J, Ren F. Topographical biointerface regulating cellular functions for bone tissue engineering. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics Stomatology Center Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Zhixiang Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Ju Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
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10
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Cho S, Shon MJ, Son B, Eun GS, Yoon TY, Park TH. Tension exerted on cells by magnetic nanoparticles regulates differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213028. [PMID: 35882121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells can 'sense' physical cues in the surrounding microenvironment and 'react' by changing their function. Previous studies have focused on regulating the physical properties of the matrix, such as stiffness and topography, thus changing the tension 'felt' by the cell as a result. In this study, by directly applying a quantified magnetic force to the cell, a correlation between differentiation and tension was shown. The magnetic force, quantified by magnetic tweezers, was applied by incorporating magnetotactic bacteria-isolated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in human mesenchymal stem cells. As the applied tension increased, the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation marker genes and proteins were proportionally upregulated. Additionally, the translocation of YAP and RUNX2, deformation of nucleus, and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway were observed in tension-based osteogenic differentiation. Our findings provide a platform for the quantitative control of tension, a key factor in stem cell differentiation, between cells and the matrix using MNPs. Furthermore, these findings improve the understanding of osteogenic differentiation by mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Shon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Sung Eun
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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He C, Yu B, Lv Y, Huang Y, Guo J, Li L, Chen M, Zheng Y, Liu M, Guo S, Shi X, Yang J. Biomimetic Asymmetric Composite Dressing by Electrospinning with Aligned Nanofibrous and Micropatterned Structures for Severe Burn Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32799-32812. [PMID: 35839332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface structure and topography of biomaterials play a crucial role in directing cell behaviors and fates. Meanwhile, asymmetric dressings that mimic the natural skin structure have been identified as an effective strategy for enhancing wound healing. Inspired by the skin structure and the superhydrophobic structure of the lotus leaf, an asymmetric composite dressing was obtained by constructing an asymmetric structure and wettability surface modification on both sides of the sponge based on electrospinning. Among them, the collagen and quaternized chitosan sponge was fabricated by freeze-drying, followed by an aligned poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin nanofiber hydrophilic inner layer and hierarchical micronanostructure PCL/polystyrene microsphere highly hydrophobic outer layer constructed on each side of the sponge. The proposed asymmetric composite dressing combines topological morphology with the material's properties to effectively prevent bacterial colonization/infection and promote wound healing by directing cellular behavior. In vitro experimental results confirmed that the aligned nanofiber inner layer effectively promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, directed cell growth, and migration. Meanwhile, the sponge has good water absorption and antibacterial properties, while the biomimetic hydrophobic outer layer exhibits strong mechanical properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion. In vivo results showed that the composite dressing can reduce inflammatory response, prevent infection, accelerate angiogenesis and epithelial regeneration, and significantly accelerate the healing of severe burns. Thus, the proposed bionic asymmetric dressing is expected to be a promising candidate for severe burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui He
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bangrui Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yicheng Lv
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiadong Guo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mingmao Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yunquan Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shaobin Guo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xianai Shi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350108, China
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12
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Kim SHL, Cho S, Kim S, Kwon J, Lee J, Koh RH, Park JH, Lee H, Park TH, Hwang NS. Cellular direct conversion by cell penetrable OCT4-30Kc19 protein and BMP4 growth factor. Biomater Res 2022; 26:33. [PMID: 35836274 PMCID: PMC9281139 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients suffering from osteoporosis is increasing as the elderly population increases. The demand for investigating bone regeneration strategies naturally arises. One of the approaches to induce bone regeneration is somatic cell transdifferentiation. Among the transcriptional regulators for transdifferentiation, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is famous for its role in the regulation of pluripotency of stem cells. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is another factor that is known to have a significant role in osteogenic differentiation. Previous studies have achieved transdifferentiation of cells into osteoblasts using viral and plasmid deliveries of these factors. Although these methods are efficient, viral and plasmid transfection have safety issues such as permanent gene incorporations and bacterial DNA insertions. Herein, we developed a cell penetrating protein-based strategy to induce transdifferentiation of endothelial cells into osteoblasts via nuclear delivery of OCT4 recombinant protein combined with the BMP4 treatment. For the nuclear delivery of OCT4 protein, we fused the protein with 30Kc19, a cell-penetrating and protein stabilizing protein derived from a silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori with low cytotoxic properties. This study proposes a promising cell-based therapy without any safety issues that existing transdifferentiation approaches had. Methods OCT4-30Kc19 protein with high penetrating activities and stability was synthesized for a protein-based osteogenic transdifferentiation system. Cells were treated with OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4 to evaluate their cellular penetrating activity, cytotoxicity, osteogenic and angiogenic potentials in vitro. The osteogenic potential of 3D cell spheroids was also analyzed. In addition, in vivo cell delivery into subcutaneous tissue and cranial defect model was performed. Results OCT4-30Kc19 protein was produced in a soluble and stable form. OCT4-30Kc19 efficiently penetrated cells and were localized in intracellular compartments and the nucleus. Cells delivered with OCT4-30Kc19 protein combined with BMP4 showed increased osteogenesis, both in 2D and 3D culture, and showed increased angiogenesis capacity in vitro. Results from in vivo subcutaneous tissue delivery of cell-seeded scaffolds confirmed enhanced osteogenic properties of transdifferentiated HUVECs via treatment with both OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4. In addition, in vivo mouse cranial defect experiment demonstrated successful bone regeneration of HUVECs pretreated with both OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4. Conclusions Using a protein-based transdifferentiation method allows an alternative approach without utilizing any genetic modification strategies, thus providing a possibility for safer use of cell-based therapies in clinical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00280-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Standford University, 450 Serra Mall, Standford, 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24321, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachel H Koh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24321, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Uppthera, BRC Laboratory, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Gaikwad S, Birla S, Ingle AP, Gade A, Ingle P, Golińska P, Rai M. Superior in vivo Wound-Healing Activity of Mycosynthesized Silver Nanogel on Different Wound Models in Rat. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881404. [PMID: 35722297 PMCID: PMC9202502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex phenomenon particularly owing to the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This has attracted the attention of the scientific community to search for new alternative solutions. Among these, silver being antimicrobial has been used since ancient times. Considering this fact, the main goal of our study was to evaluate the wound-healing ability of mycofabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We have focused on the formulation of silver nanogel for the management of wounds in albino Wistar rats. Mycosynthesized AgNPs from Fusarium oxysporum were used for the development of novel wound-healing antimicrobial silver nanogel with different concentrations of AgNPs, i.e., 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg g-1. The formulated silver nanogel demonstrated excellent wound-healing activity in the incision, excision, and burn wound-healing model. In the incision wound-healing model, silver nanogel at a concentration of 0.5 mg g-1 exhibited superior wound-healing effect, whereas in the case of excision and burn wound-healing model, silver nanogel at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg g-1 showed enhanced wound-healing effect, respectively. Moreover, silver nanogel competently arrests the bacterial growth on the wound surface and offers an improved local environment for scald wound healing. Histological studies of healed tissues and organs of the rat stated that AgNPs at less concentration (1 mg g-1) do not show any toxic or adverse effect on the body and promote wound healing of animal tissue. Based on these studies, we concluded that the silver nanogel prepared from mycosynthesized AgNPs can be used as a promising antimicrobial wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Gaikwad
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India.,Microbial Diversity Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Sonal Birla
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Avinash P Ingle
- Biotechnology Centre, Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural University, Akola, India
| | - Aniket Gade
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Pramod Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India.,Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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14
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He S, Walimbe T, Chen H, Gao K, Kumar P, Wei Y, Hao D, Liu R, Farmer DL, Lam KS, Zhou J, Panitch A, Wang A. Bioactive extracellular matrix scaffolds engineered with proangiogenic proteoglycan mimetics and loaded with endothelial progenitor cells promote neovascularization and diabetic wound healing. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:460-473. [PMID: 34901560 PMCID: PMC8636679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ischemic wound treatment remains a critical clinical challenge. Neovascularization plays a significant role in wound healing during all stages of the tissue repair process. Strategies that enhance angiogenesis and neovascularization and improve ischemic pathology may promote the healing of poor wounds, particularly diabetic wounds in highly ischemic conditions. We previously identified a cyclic peptide LXW7 that specifically binds to integrin αvβ3 on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), activates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, and promotes EC growth and maturation. In this study, we designed and synthesized a multi-functional pro-angiogenic molecule by grafting LXW7 and collagen-binding peptides (SILY) to a dermatan sulfate (DS) glycosaminoglycan backbone, named LXW7-DS-SILY, and further employed this multi-functional molecule to functionalize collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. We confirmed that LXW7-DS-SILY modification significantly promoted EPC attachment and growth on the ECM scaffolds in vitro and supported EPC survival in vivo in the ischemic environment. When applied in an established Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat ischemic skin flap model, LXW7-DS-SILY-functionalized ECM scaffolds loaded with EPCs significantly improved wound healing, enhanced neovascularization and modulated collagen fibrillogenesis in the ischemic environment. Altogether, this study provides a promising novel treatment to accelerate diabetic ischemic wound healing, thereby reducing limb amputation and mortality of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
| | - Tanaya Walimbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, United States
| | | | - Kewa Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, United States
| | - Yifan Wei
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, United States
| | - Diana L Farmer
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, United States
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, United States
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, UC Davis, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, United States
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15
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Ali F, Khan I, Chen J, Akhtar K, Bakhsh EM, Khan SB. Emerging Fabrication Strategies of Hydrogels and Its Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040205. [PMID: 35448106 PMCID: PMC9024659 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, hydrogels have been investigated for the controlled release of bioactive molecules, such as for living cell encapsulation and matrices. Due to their remote controllability and quick response, hydrogels are widely used for various applications, including drug delivery. The rate and extent to which the drugs reach their targets are highly dependent on the carriers used in drug delivery systems; therefore the demand for biodegradable and intelligent carriers is progressively increasing. The biodegradable nature of hydrogel has created much interest for its use in drug delivery systems. The first part of this review focuses on emerging fabrication strategies of hydrogel, including physical and chemical cross-linking, as well as radiation cross-linking. The second part describes the applications of hydrogels in various fields, including drug delivery systems. In the end, an overview of the application of hydrogels prepared from several natural polymers in drug delivery is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, No. 1133 Xueyuan Zhong Jie, Putian 351100, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.B.K.)
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.B.K.)
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16
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Li Z, Zhou Y, Li T, Zhang J, Tian H. Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels: Fabrication and biomedical applications. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yanzi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianyue Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology Shanghai China
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17
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Tavakoli J, Shrestha J, Bazaz SR, Rad MA, Warkiani ME, Raston CL, Tipper JL, Tang Y. Developing Novel Fabrication and Optimisation Strategies on Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoprobe/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Bio-Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031002. [PMID: 35164268 PMCID: PMC8840180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes a new technology, effective for readily preparing a fluorescent (FL) nanoprobe-based on hyperbranched polymer (HB) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogen with high brightness to ultimately develop FL hydrogels. We prepared the AIE nanoprobe using a microfluidic platform to mix hyperbranched polymers (HB, generations 2, 3, and 4) with AIE (TPE-2BA) under shear stress and different rotation speeds (0-5 K RPM) and explored the FL properties of the AIE nanoprobe. Our results reveal that the use of HB generation 4 exhibits 30-times higher FL intensity compared to the AIE alone and is significantly brighter and more stable compared to those that are prepared using HB generations 3 and 2. In contrast to traditional methods, which are expensive and time-consuming and involve polymerization and post-functionalization to develop FL hyperbranched molecules, our proposed method offers a one-step method to prepare an AIE-HB nanoprobe with excellent FL characteristics. We employed the nanoprobe to fabricate fluorescent injectable bioadhesive gel and a hydrogel microchip based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The addition of borax (50 mM) to the PVA + AIE nanoprobe results in the development of an injectable bioadhesive fluorescent gel with the ability to control AIEgen release for 300 min. When borax concentration increases two times (100 mM), the adhesion stress is more than two times bigger (7.1 mN/mm2) compared to that of gel alone (3.4 mN/mm2). Excellent dimensional stability and cell viability of the fluorescent microchip, along with its enhanced mechanical properties, proposes its potential applications in mechanobiology and understanding the impact of microstructure in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Tavakoli
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Sajad R. Bazaz
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Maryam A. Rad
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Majid E. Warkiani
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Joanne L. Tipper
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Youhong Tang
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.L.T.); (Y.T.)
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18
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Cui T, Wu S, Wei Y, Qin H, Ren J, Qu X. A Topologically Engineered Gold Island for Programmed In Vivo Stem Cell Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hongshuang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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19
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Qu X, Cui T, Wu S, Wei Y, Qin H, Ren J. A Topologically Engineered Gold Island for Programmed In Vivo Stem Cell Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113103. [PMID: 34939267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
E ven a well-designed system can only control stem cell adhesion, release, and differentiation, while other cell manipulations such as in situ labeling and retention in target tissues, are difficult to achieve in the same system. Herein, native ligand cluster-mimicking islands, composed of topologically engineered ligand, anchoring point AuNP, nuclease mimetics Ce IV complexes and magnetic core Fe 3 O 4 , are designed to facilitate comprehensive cell manipulations in a programmable manner. Three islands with different amounts of AuNPs are constructed, which means tunable interligand spacing within a cluster. These nanostructures are chemically coupled to a substrate using DNA tethers. Under tissue-penetrative magnetic field, this integrated system promotes stem cell adhesion, proliferation, mechanosensing, differentiation, detachment, in situ effective magnetic labeling and retention both in vitro and in vivo , offering fascinating opportunities for biomimetic matrix in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Qu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Tingting Cui
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, CHINA
| | - Si Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, CHINA
| | - Yue Wei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, CHINA
| | - Hongshuang Qin
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, CHINA
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Remnin Street #5625, 130022, Changchun, CHINA
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20
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Massana Roquero D, Smutok O, Othman A, Melman A, Katz E. "Smart" Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies from a Magnetic Responsive Microgel Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8487-8497. [PMID: 35005932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
"Smart" drug-delivery systems have significant potential to increase therapeutic efficiency, avoid undesired immune responses, and minimize drug side effects. Herein, we report on an innovative strategy to control the drug release process using two magneto-activated materials operating in the system. One of them, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-diboronate (DB)-interpenetrated (IPN) alginate (Alg) microgel nanocomposite (PVA-DB-IPN-Alg) loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), is acting as a drug-delivery system. The drugs or model (bio)molecules are loaded in the PVA-DB-IPN-Alg and then released upon receiving a magnetic signal. Another component of the system is represented with the MNPs functionalized with the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme, GOx-MNPs. The immobilized GOx biocatalytically produces H2O2 in the presence of glucose and oxygen, while the PVA-DB-IPN-Alg is decomposed/dissolved by reacting with H2O2. In the absence of a magnet, the biocatalytically produced H2O2 was mostly decomposed by the catalase enzyme present in the solution, thus not reaching the alginate microgel. Upon aggregation of these two types of particles induced by a magnet, the GOx-MNPs produced H2O2 in situ increasing locally its concentration, degrading the PVA-DB-IPN, thus opening pores in the alginate hydrogel resulting in a faster release of the entrapped payload. The release of the payload was confirmed in physiological complex environments, exemplified with human serum, demonstrating the stability and functionality of the materials in biological fluids. The release rate was strongly dependent on the concentration of catalase but not dependent on glucose concentration. The magneto-induced release process was confirmed for the small model protein payload, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as the trastuzumab monoclonal antibody (TmAb). For the latter, the release rate was up to 3.3 times higher in the presence of the magnet than in the absence of it in the human serum. We expect that the drug-delivery concept developed by these materials can find useful applications in the emerging field of "smart" materials in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Massana Roquero
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Oleh Smutok
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Ali Othman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Artem Melman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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Cui L, Yao Y, Yim EKF. The effects of surface topography modification on hydrogel properties. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031509. [PMID: 34368603 PMCID: PMC8318605 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel has been an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and contact lens materials, due to its outstanding properties, including high water content, transparency, biocompatibility, tissue mechanical matching, and low toxicity. As hydrogel commonly possesses high surface hydrophilicity, chemical modifications have been applied to achieve the optimal surface properties to improve the performance of hydrogels for specific applications. Ideally, the effects of surface modifications would be stable, and the modification would not affect the inherent hydrogel properties. In recent years, a new type of surface modification has been discovered to be able to alter hydrogel properties by physically patterning the hydrogel surfaces with topographies. Such physical patterning methods can also affect hydrogel surface chemical properties, such as protein adsorption, microbial adhesion, and cell response. This review will first summarize the works on developing hydrogel surface patterning methods. The influence of surface topography on interfacial energy and the subsequent effects on protein adsorption, microbial, and cell interactions with patterned hydrogel, with specific examples in biomedical applications, will be discussed. Finally, current problems and future challenges on topographical modification of hydrogels will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abstract
Hydrogels, due to their excellent biochemical and mechnical property, have shown attractive advantages in the field of wound dressings. However, a comprehensive review of the functional hydrogel as a wound dressing is still lacking. This work first summarizes the skin wound healing process and relates evaluation parameters and then reviews the advanced functions of hydrogel dressings such as antimicrobial property, adhesion and hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation, substance delivery, self-healing, stimulus response, conductivity, and the recently emerged wound monitoring feature, and the strategies adopted to achieve these functions are all classified and discussed. Furthermore, applications of hydrogel wound dressing for the treatment of different types of wounds such as incisional wound and the excisional wound are summarized. Chronic wounds are also mentioned, and the focus of attention on infected wounds, burn wounds, and diabetic wounds is discussed. Finally, the future directions of hydrogel wound dressings for wound healing are further proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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23
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Gang F, Jiang L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Sun X. Multi‐functional magnetic hydrogel: Design strategies and applications. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Gang
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou Shanxi 034000 China
| | - Le Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou Shanxi 034000 China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Anik MI, Hossain MK, Hossain I, Mahfuz AMUB, Rahman MT, Ahmed I. Recent progress of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muzahidul I. Anik
- Chemical Engineering University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - M. Khalid Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science Kyushu University Fukuoka 816–8580 Japan
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hossain
- Institute for Micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University Ruston Louisiana 71270 USA
| | - A. M. U. B. Mahfuz
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Development Alternative Dhaka 1209 Bangladesh
| | - M. Tayebur Rahman
- Materials Science and Engineering University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Isteaque Ahmed
- Chemical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
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Khalili M, Asadi M, Kahroba H, Soleyman MR, Andre H, Alizadeh E. Corneal endothelium tissue engineering: An evolution of signaling molecules, cells, and scaffolds toward 3D bioprinting and cell sheets. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3275-3303. [PMID: 33090510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cornea is an avascular and transparent tissue that focuses light on retina. Cornea is supported by the corneal-endothelial layer through regulation of hydration homeostasis. Restoring vision in patients afflicted with corneal endothelium dysfunction-mediated blindness most often requires corneal transplantation (CT), which faces considerable constrictions due to donor limitations. An emerging alternative to CT is corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE), which involves utilizing scaffold-based methods and scaffold-free strategies. The innovative scaffold-free method is cell sheet engineering, which typically generates cell layers surrounded by an intact extracellular matrix, exhibiting tunable release from the stimuli-responsive surface. In some studies, scaffold-based or scaffold-free technologies have been reported to achieve promising outcomes. However, yet some issues exist in translating CETE from bench to clinical practice. In this review, we compare different corneal endothelium regeneration methods and elaborate on the application of multiple cell types (stem cells, corneal endothelial cells, and endothelial precursors), signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemical compounds, and small RNAs), and natural and synthetic scaffolds for CETE. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of three-dimensional bioprinting strategies and simulation of Descemet's membrane by biomimetic topography. Finally, we dissected the recent advances, applications, and prospects of cell sheet engineering for CETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Biomedicine Institute, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gaspar VM, Lavrador P, Borges J, Oliveira MB, Mano JF. Advanced Bottom-Up Engineering of Living Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903975. [PMID: 31823448 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up tissue engineering is a promising approach for designing modular biomimetic structures that aim to recapitulate the intricate hierarchy and biofunctionality of native human tissues. In recent years, this field has seen exciting progress driven by an increasing knowledge of biological systems and their rational deconstruction into key core components. Relevant advances in the bottom-up assembly of unitary living blocks toward the creation of higher order bioarchitectures based on multicellular-rich structures or multicomponent cell-biomaterial synergies are described. An up-to-date critical overview of long-term existing and rapidly emerging technologies for integrative bottom-up tissue engineering is provided, including discussion of their practical challenges and required advances. It is envisioned that a combination of cell-biomaterial constructs with bioadaptable features and biospecific 3D designs will contribute to the development of more robust and functional humanized tissues for therapies and disease models, as well as tools for fundamental biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lavrador
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Borges
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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