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Kagan R, Pelt CE, Khanuja HS, Oni JK, Zaniletti I, De A, Hegde V. Selective Use of Modern Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Revision in Patients Aged 65 or Greater: An Analysis from the American Joint Replacement Registry. J Knee Surg 2024. [PMID: 38788785 DOI: 10.1055/a-2332-5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Modern highly porous surfaces have increased confidence and use of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the United States. As cementless TKA use increases, there remains a paucity of literature regarding associated risk of revision in patients aged ≥65 years. We analyzed the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) data from January 2012 to March 2020 identifying patients aged ≥65 years undergoing primary TKA with linked cases to supplemental centers for Medicare and Medicaid data. Patients with hybrid fixation, reverse hybrid fixation, missing component data, highly constrained implants, and stem extension/augmentation were excluded. We identified 442,745 cemented TKAs and 19,841 modern cementless TKAs with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Cumulative incident function (CIF) curves and cause-specific Cox models evaluated the risk of all-cause revision and revision for mechanical loosening, adjusting for body mass index (BMI), sex, age, cruciate retaining (CR) versus posterior stabilized (PS) femoral design, patellar resurfacing, and Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI). Patients with cementless compared with cemented TKA were younger (mean age: 71.9 vs. 73.2 years, p < 0.001), more likely to be male sex (48.8 vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001), more likely to have a CR femoral design (81.1 vs. 45.7%, p < 0.001), less likely to have patellar resurfacing (92.7 vs. 95.0%, p < 0.001), and had a lower CCI (mean: 2.9 vs. 3.1, p < 0.001). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) showed no difference in associated risk for all-cause revision (HR: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-1.24; p = 0.382) or revision for mechanical loosening (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.9-2.12; p = 0.14) for cementless versus cemented TKA. Our results suggest that current selective use of cementless fixation for TKA in patients aged ≥65 years in the United States is not associated with an increased risk of revision. While encouraging, further study is necessary to establish indications for use in this age group prior to broader adoption in this patient population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryland Kagan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher E Pelt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Harpal S Khanuja
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julius K Oni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabella Zaniletti
- Department of Registries and Data Science, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, Illinois
| | - Ayushmita De
- Department of Registries and Data Science, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, Illinois
| | - Vishal Hegde
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zhao D, Cheng L, Lu F, Zhang X, Ying J, Wei X, Cao F, Ran C, Zheng G, Liu G, Yi P, Wang H, Song L, Wu B, Liu L, Li L, Wang X, Li J. Design, fabrication and clinical characterization of additively manufactured tantalum hip joint prosthesis. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae057. [PMID: 38854680 PMCID: PMC11162747 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The joint prosthesis plays a vital role in the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. The key factors that determine the performance of joint prostheses are the materials used and the structural design of the prosthesis. This study aimed to fabricate a porous tantalum (Ta) hip prosthesis using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The feasibility of SLM Ta use in hip prosthesis was verified by studying its chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical properties. In vitro experiments proved that SLM Ta exhibited better biological activities in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting inflammation than SLM Ti6Al4V. Then, the topological optimization design of the femoral stem of the SLM Ta hip prosthesis was carried out by finite element simulation, and the fatigue performance of the optimized prosthesis was tested to verify the biomechanical safety of the prosthesis. A porous Ta acetabulum cup was also designed and fabricated using SLM. Its mechanical properties were then studied. Finally, clinical trials were conducted to verify the clinical efficacy of the SLM Ta hip prosthesis. The porous structure could reduce the weight of the prosthesis and stress shielding and avoid bone resorption around the prosthesis. In addition, anti-infection drugs can also be loaded into the pores for infection treatment. The acetabular cup can be custom-designed based on the severity of bone loss on the acetabular side, and the integrated acetabular cup can repair the acetabular bone defect while achieving the function of the acetabular cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Faqiang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jiawei Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Chunxiao Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Guoshuang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Pinqiao Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Haiyao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lingpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Spranz D, Müller LM, Trefzer R, Hetto P, Innmann M, Renkawitz T, Walker T, Reiner T. Elevated Blood Tantalum Concentrations in Patients Following Reconstruction of Severe Acetabular Defects in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Modular Tantalum Augments in Combination With Uncemented Tantalum Cups. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00540-0. [PMID: 38823519 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reconstruction of acetabular defects in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be challenging. An option to treat uncontained acetabular defects is to use modular tantalum augments in combination with cementless press-fit cups. However, modularity is associated with an increased risk of debonding and mechanical failure. In addition, metal wear particles can be released due to micromotions at the implant interface. Clinical data on the long-term results of this treatment strategy is limited. The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of complex THA using modular trabecular metal augments and uncemented revision cups; (2) to investigate the blood tantalum concentrations in these patients at mid-term (mean 4.5 year) follow-up; and (3) to report complications and mechanisms of failure related to this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this single-center study, we retrospectively reviewed data from a consecutive cohort of 27 patients who underwent complex acetabular defect reconstruction using a modular tantalum acetabular augment in combination with an uncemented tantalum cup. We evaluated the implant survival, and the radiological and clinical outcomes after a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (SD 2.1; range 2.5 to 10.6 years) using patient-reported outcome scores (PROMs). Blood samples were analyzed regarding tantalum concentration and compared with a control group. RESULTS The cumulative survival rate at 4.5 years with the endpoint "revision of the acetabular component for aseptic loosening" was 94.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71.6 to 99.2) and 82.9% (95 % CI 60.5 to 93.3) for the endpoint "revision for any reason." The PROMs improved significantly up to the latest follow-up, and radiographic data showed no signs of loosening or implant migration. Median blood tantalum concentrations were significantly higher in the study group (0.15 μg/L) compared to the control group (0.002 μg/L) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated acceptable clinical and radiological results of cementless revision THA using modular trabecular metal implants for the reconstruction of large acetabular defects. Tantalum concentrations were significantly higher in patients who had tantalum implants compared to the control group, however, the systemic and local effects of an increased tantalum exposure are not yet fully understood and have to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spranz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Trefzer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pit Hetto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Innmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Walker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Reiner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200 a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hu Y, Chen X, Chu Z, Luo L, Gan Z, Zhong J, Yuan Z, Zhu B, Dong W. Biomechanical Properties of Novel Porous Scaffold Core and Hollow Lateral Hole Pedicle Screws: A Comparative Study in Bama Pigs. Orthop Surg 2024. [PMID: 38766934 DOI: 10.1111/os.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screw loosening is a common complication of internal fixation of pedicle screw. Therefore, the development of a pedicle screw with low loosening rate and high biosafety is of great clinical significance. This study aimed to investigate whether the application of a porous scaffold structure can improve the stability of pedicle screws by comparing the biomechanical properties of novel porous scaffold core pedicle screws (PSCPSs) with those of hollow lateral hole pedicle screws (HLHPSs) in a porcine lumbar spine. METHODS Thirty-two pedicle screws of both types were implanted bilaterally into the L1-4 vertebrae of four Bama pigs, with our newly designed PSCPSs on the right and HLHPSs on the left. All the Bama pigs were sacrificed 16 weeks postoperatively, and the lumbar spine was freed into individual vertebrae. Biomechanical properties of both the pedicle screws were evaluated using pull-out tests, as well as cyclic bending and pull-out tests, while the mechanical properties were assessed using three-point bending tests. The data generated were statistically analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and two independent sample t-tests. RESULTS We found that the maximal pull-out forces before and after cyclic bending of the PSCPSs (1161.50 ± 337.98 N and 1075.25 ± 223.33 N) were significantly higher than those of the HLHPSs (948.38 ± 194.32 N and 807.13 ± 242.75 N) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). In 800 cycles of the bending tests, neither PSCPS nor HLHPS showed loosening or visible detachment, but their maximal pull-out forces after cyclic bending tests decreased compared to those in cycles without cyclic bending tests (7.43% and 14.89%, respectively), with no statistical significance (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). Additionally, both screws buckled rather than broke in the three-point bending tests, with no statistically significant differences between the maximal bending load and modulus of elasticity of the two screws (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the HLHPSs, the PSCPSs have greater pull-out resistance and better fatigue tolerance with appropriate mechanical properties. Therefore, PSCPSs theoretically have significant potential for clinical applications in reducing the incidence of loosening after pedicle screw implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xijiong Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhentao Chu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Linwei Luo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianbin Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenshan Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingke Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Weixin Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Yu H, Xu M, Duan Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Song L, Cheng L, Ying J, Zhao D. 3D-printed porous tantalum artificial bone scaffolds: fabrication, properties, and applications. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042002. [PMID: 38697199 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad46d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Porous tantalum scaffolds offer a high degree of biocompatibility and have a low friction coefficient. In addition, their biomimetic porous structure and mechanical properties, which closely resemble human bone tissue, make them a popular area of research in the field of bone defect repair. With the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing, 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds have increasingly emerged in recent years, offering exceptional design flexibility, as well as facilitating the fabrication of intricate geometries and complex pore structures that similar to human anatomy. This review provides a comprehensive description of the techniques, procedures, and specific parameters involved in the 3D printing of porous tantalum scaffolds. Concurrently, the review provides a summary of the mechanical properties, osteogenesis and antibacterial properties of porous tantalum scaffolds. The use of surface modification techniques and the drug carriers can enhance the characteristics of porous tantalum scaffolds. Accordingly, the review discusses the application of these porous tantalum materials in clinical settings. Multiple studies have demonstrated that 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osteogenic properties. As a result, they are considered highly suitable biomaterials for repairing bone defects. Despite the rapid development of 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds, they still encounter challenges and issues when used as bone defect implants in clinical applications. Ultimately, a concise overview of the primary challenges faced by 3D-printed porous tantalum scaffolds is offered, and corresponding insights to promote further exploration and advancement in this domain are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qida Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yada Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang St, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
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Cai A, Yin H, Wang C, Chen Q, Yin R, Yuan X, Kang H, Guo H. Preparation, biological activity and antibacterial properties of tantalum surface-doped Ca 2+/Zn 2+nanorods. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305102. [PMID: 38663375 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In this research, we utilize porous tantalum, known for its outstanding elastic modulus and biological properties, as a base material in biomedical applications. The human skeletal system is rich in elements like Ca and Zn. The role of Zn is crucial for achieving a spectrum of sterilizing effects, while Ca is known to effectively enhance cell differentiation and boost cellular activity. The focus of this study is the modification of porous tantalum using a hydrothermal method to synthesize Ca2+/Zn2+-doped Ta2O5nanorods. These nanorods are subjected to extensive characterization techniques to confirm their structure and composition. Additionally, their biological performance is evaluated through a range of tests, including antibacterial assessments, MTT assays, and bacteria/cell scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The objective is to determine the most effective method of surface modification for porous tantalum, thereby laying a foundational theoretical framework for its surface enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, People's Republic of China
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Zitsch BP, Salaymeh JK, Burdyny MR, Buckner BC, Lyden ER, Konigsberg BS, Garvin KL, Hartman CW. Metaphyseal Fixation Using Cones and Sleeves for Severe Proximal Tibial Bone Loss. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00304-8. [PMID: 38604279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibial bone defects are commonly encountered in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and can be managed with metaphyseal cones or sleeves. Few studies have directly compared tibial cones and sleeves in rTKA, and none have limited this comparison to the most severe tibial defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the outcomes of metaphyseal cones and sleeves for tibial reconstruction in rTKA regarding implant fixation and clinical outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on patients undergoing rTKA in which metaphyseal cones or sleeves were utilized for addressing metaphyseal bone loss (34 cones and 18 sleeves). Tibial bone loss was classified according to the Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute bone defect classification, with types 2B and 3 being included. Patient-reported outcomes and postoperative complications were collected, and a radiographic evaluation of osseointegration or loosening was performed. RESULTS There were 52 knees included (34 cones, 18 sleeves), with a median follow-up of 41.0 months. All-cause implant survival was 100% at 2 years and 96% (95% confidence interval: 76 to 99%) at 4 years, with 98% of tibial components demonstrating osseointegration at the final follow-up. During follow-up, there were a total 11 revisions, of which 1 sleeve was revised secondary to implant loosening. Tibial sleeves had a higher risk of revision compared to tibial cones (P < .01), and sleeves fixed with a hybrid technique were more likely to need revision than cones fixed by the same method (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Porous metaphyseal tibial cones and tibial metaphyseal sleeves both performed well at a 41-month median follow-up with no difference in aseptic survivorship between the 2 constructs. Both demonstrate high rates of osseointegration, low rates of aseptic failure, and significant improvement in Knee Society Scores in patients with severe tibial defects in rTKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford P Zitsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jamal K Salaymeh
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael R Burdyny
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Brandt C Buckner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth R Lyden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Beau S Konigsberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kevin L Garvin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Curtis W Hartman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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8
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Witzdam L, Garay-Sarmiento M, Gagliardi M, Meurer YL, Rutsch Y, Englert J, Philipsen S, Janem A, Alsheghri R, Jakob F, Molin DGM, Schwaneberg U, van den Akker NMS, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Brush-Like Coatings Provide a Cloak of Invisibility to Titanium Implants. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300434. [PMID: 37994518 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic implants such as knee and hip implants are one of the most important types of medical devices. Currently, the surface of the most advanced implants consists of titanium or titanium-alloys with high porosity at the bone-contacting surface leading to superior mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and the capability of inducing osseointegration. However, the increased surface area of porous titanium provides a nidus for bacteria colonization leading to implant-related infections, one of the main reasons for implant failure. Here, two readily applicable titanium-coatings based on hydrophilic carboxybetaine polymers that turn the surface stealth thereby preventing bacterial adhesion and colonization are developed. These coatings are biocompatible, do not affect cell functionality, exhibit great antifouling properties, and do not cause additional inflammation during the healing process. In this way, the coatings can prevent implant-related infections, while at the same time being completely innocuous to its biological environment. Thus, these coating strategies are a promising route to enhance the biocompatibility of orthopedic implants and have a high potential for clinical use, while being easy to implement in the implant manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Witzdam
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuela Garay-Sarmiento
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mick Gagliardi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick L Meurer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yannik Rutsch
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jenny Englert
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Philipsen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Anisa Janem
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Rawan Alsheghri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniël G M Molin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nynke M S van den Akker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, FHML, Universiteitssingel (UNS) 50, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, The Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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9
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Duan Y, Feng D, Li T, Wang Y, Jiang L, Huang Y. Comparison of Lumbar Interbody Fusion with 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage Versus Polyetheretherketone Cage in Treating Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:144-156. [PMID: 38145654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and radiological effectiveness of lumbar interbody fusion with a 3D-printed porous titanium (3D-PPT) cage versus a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023461511). We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for related studies from inception to September 3, 2023. Review Manager 5.3 was used to conduct this meta-analysis. The reoperation rate, complication rate, fusion rate, and subsidence rate were assessed using relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Ten articles reporting 9 studies comparing lumbar interbody fusion with 3D-PPT cages versus PEEK cages for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease were included. The subsidence rate at the 1-year follow-up in the 3D-PPT cage was significantly lower than that in the PEEK cage. The fusion rate in the 3D-PPT cage was significantly higher than that in the PEEK cage at the 6-month follow-up. No significant difference was identified between the 2 groups at the 12-month follow-up. No significant difference was identified between the 2 groups in terms of the complication rate and reoperation rate. There was a trend toward a lower complication rate and reoperation rate with the 3D-PPT cage. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the PEEK cage, the 3D-PPT cage may be a safer implant. The 3D-PPT cage was associated with a higher fusion rate and lower subsidence rate. The 3D-PPT cage may accelerate the intervertebral fusion process, improve the quality of fusion and prevent the occurrence of subsidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dagang Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Leiming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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10
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Fan L, Chen S, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu J. Metallic Materials for Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302132. [PMID: 37883735 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Repair of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease poses significant clinical challenges. Extensive research has focused on metallic materials for bone repair because of their favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and manufacturing processes. Traditional metallic materials, such as stainless steel and titanium alloys, are widely used in clinics. Biodegradable metallic materials, such as iron, magnesium, and zinc alloys, are promising candidates for bone repair because of their ability to degrade over time. Emerging metallic materials, such as porous tantalum and bismuth alloys, have gained attention as bone implants owing to their bone affinity and multifunctionality. However, these metallic materials encounter many practical difficulties that require urgent improvement. This article systematically reviews and analyzes the metallic materials used for bone repair, providing a comprehensive overview of their morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo implantation. Furthermore, the strategies and efforts made to address the short-comings of metallic materials are summarized. Finally, the perspectives for the development of metallic materials to guide future research and advancements in clinical practice are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Oliver-Urrutia C, Diez-Escudero A, Sumbalova Koledova Z, Čelko L, Hailer NP, Montufar EB. Static 3D Osteoblast Cell Culture on 3D Printed Titanium Scaffolds. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2764:43-60. [PMID: 38393588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3674-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are a very useful tool for the validation of biomaterial cytocompatibility, especially for bone tissue engineering scaffolds and bone implants. In this chapter, a protocol for a static three-dimensional osteoblast cell culture on titanium scaffolds and subsequent analysis of osteogenic capacity is presented. The protocol is explained for additively manufactured titanium scaffolds, but it can be extrapolated to other scaffolds with similar size and structure, while differing in composition or manufactured technology. Additionally, the protocol can be used for culture of other adherent cell types beyond osteoblast cells such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oliver-Urrutia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Diez-Escudero
- Department of Surgical Sciences - Orthopaedics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Tissue Morphogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Čelko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nils P Hailer
- Department of Surgical Sciences - Orthopaedics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edgar B Montufar
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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San S, Adhikari P, Sakidja R, Brechtl J, Liaw PK, Ching WY. Porosity modeling in a TiNbTaZrMo high-entropy alloy for biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:36468-36476. [PMID: 38099250 PMCID: PMC10719899 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted great attention for many biomedical applications. However, the nature of interatomic interactions in this class of complex multicomponent alloys is not fully understood. We report, for the first time, the results of theoretical modeling for porosity in a large biocompatible HEA TiNbTaZrMo using an atomistic supercell of 1024 atoms that provides new insights and understanding. Our results demonstrated the deficiency of using the valence electron count, quantification of large lattice distortion, validation of mechanical properties with available experimental data to reduce Young's modulus. We utilized the novel concepts of the total bond order density (TBOD) and partial bond order density (PBOD) via ab initio quantum mechanical calculations as an effective theoretical means to chart a road map for the rational design of complex multicomponent HEAs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro San
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
| | - Puja Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
| | - Ridwan Sakidja
- Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University Springfield MO 65897 USA
| | - Jamieson Brechtl
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Peter K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-2100 USA
| | - Wai-Yim Ching
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA
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13
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Chen J. Current advances in anisotropic structures for enhanced osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113566. [PMID: 37797464 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects are a challenge to healthcare systems, as the aging population experiences an increase in bone defects. Despite the development of biomaterials for bone fillers and scaffolds, there is still an unmet need for a bone-mimetic material. Cortical bone is highly anisotropic and displays a biological liquid crystalline (LC) arrangement, giving it exceptional mechanical properties and a distinctive microenvironment. However, the biofunctions, cell-tissue interactions, and molecular mechanisms of cortical bone anisotropic structure are not well understood. Incorporating anisotropic structures in bone-facilitated scaffolds has been recognised as essential for better outcomes. Various approaches have been used to create anisotropic micro/nanostructures, but biomimetic bone anisotropic structures are still in the early stages of development. Most scaffolds lack features at the nanoscale, and there is no comprehensive evaluation of molecular mechanisms or characterisation of calcium secretion. This manuscript provides a review of the latest development of anisotropic designs for osteogenesis and discusses current findings on cell-anisotropic structure interactions. It also emphasises the need for further research. Filling knowledge gaps will enable the fabrication of scaffolds for improved and more controllable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishizhan Chen
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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14
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Ganabady K, Contessi Negrini N, Scherba JC, Nitschke BM, Alexander MR, Vining KH, Grunlan MA, Mooney DJ, Celiz AD. High-Throughput Screening of Thiol-ene Click Chemistries for Bone Adhesive Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50908-50915. [PMID: 37905511 PMCID: PMC10636719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal surgical pins and screws are employed in millions of orthopedic surgical procedures every year worldwide, but their usability is limited in the case of complex, comminuted fractures or in surgeries on smaller bones. Therefore, replacing such implants with a bone adhesive material has long been considered an attractive option. However, synthesizing a biocompatible bone adhesive with a high bond strength that is simple to apply presents many challenges. To rapidly identify candidate polymers for a biocompatible bone adhesive, we employed a high-throughput screening strategy to assess human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) adhesion toward a library of polymers synthesized via thiol-ene click chemistry. We chose thiol-ene click chemistry because multifunctional monomers can be rapidly cured via ultraviolet (UV) light while minimizing residual monomer, and it provides a scalable manufacturing process for candidate polymers identified from a high-throughput screen. This screening methodology identified a copolymer (1-S2-FT01) composed of the monomers 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATATO) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), which supported highest hMSC adhesion across a library of 90 polymers. The identified copolymer (1-S2-FT01) exhibited favorable compressive and tensile properties compared to existing commercial bone adhesives and adhered to bone with adhesion strengths similar to commercially available bone glues such as Histoacryl. Furthermore, this cytocompatible polymer supported osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and could adhere 3D porous polymer scaffolds to the bone tissue, making this polymer an ideal candidate as an alternative bone adhesive with broad utility in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Ganabady
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | | | - Jacob C. Scherba
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Brandon M. Nitschke
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | | | - Kyle H. Vining
- School
of Dental Medicine and Department of Materials Science, School of
Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030, United States
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Adam D. Celiz
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Francis
Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
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15
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Zhang C, Chen H, Fan H, Xiong R, He R, Huang C, Peng Y, Yang P, Chen G, Wang F, Yang L. Carpal bone replacement using personalized 3D printed tantalum prosthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1234052. [PMID: 37965053 PMCID: PMC10642728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1234052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Scaphoid and lunate fractures have a relatively high incidence rate. Traditional carpectomy and carpal arthrodesis in the treatment of carpal osteonecrosis will lead to many complications. Three-dimensional (3D) printed tantalum has good biocompatibility and can be designed to match the patient's personalized anatomical carpal structure. This study aims to investigate carpal function and prosthesis-related conditions after carpal bone replacement using 3D printed tantalum prostheses. Methods: From July 2020 to January 2022 at our center, seven patients with osteonecrosis of the carpus received carpal bone replacement using 3D printed tantalum prosthesis. The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and patient satisfaction, as well as the Mayo Wrist Scores (Cooney method, modified Green, and O'Brien wrist score), were used to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative wrist function of patients. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were also recorded before and after surgery. The angles of flexion, dorsiflexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation were measured using an arthrometer. The grip strength and pinch strength of the operated hand after carpal bone replacement and the contralateral healthy carpus were measured using a dynamometer. Radiographs were taken to confirm the condition and complications of the tantalum prosthesis. Results: All seven patients were followed for 19.6 ± 2.7 months. At the last follow-up, the grip strength of the operated wrist joint after carpal bone replacement was 33.4 ± 2.3 kg, the pinch strength was 8.9 ± 0.7 kg, the flexion was 54.6° ± 0.8°, the dorsiflexion was 54.7° ± 1.7°, the ulnar deviation was 34.6° ± 1.9°, and the radial deviation was 25.9° ± 0.8°, all of which showed no statistically significant difference with the contralateral healthy carpus (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in the VAS, DASH, and MAYO scores between the preoperative and the last follow-up (p < 0.01). Patients had reduced postoperative pain and improved wrist function and range of motion (ROM), and the tantalum prostheses were stable. Conclusion: The 3D printed tantalum brings us new hope, not only for hip or knee replacement, but also for joint replacement of other complex anatomical structures, and patients with other irregular bone defects such as bone tumors and deformity, which could realize personalized treatment and precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyou Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Singh S, Yadav SK, Meena VK, Vashisth P, Kalyanasundaram D. Orthopedic Scaffolds: Evaluation of Structural Strength and Permeability of Fluid Flow via an Open Cell Neovius Structure for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5900-5911. [PMID: 37702616 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bone to regenerate itself through mechanobiological responses is its dynamic property. Mechanical cues from a neighboring environment produce the structural strain to promote blood flow and bone marrow mobility that in turn aids the bone regeneration process. Occurrences of these phenomena are crucial for the success of metallic scaffolds implanted in the host bone tissue. Thus, permeability and fluid flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS) are two parameters that directly influence cell bioactivities inside a scaffold and are crucial for effective bone tissue regeneration. Given that the scaffolds shall be implanted in the body, permeability assessment was carried out using non-Newtonian fluid. In this work, the triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds with Neovius architectures were fabricated by using selective laser melting technology. The estimation of fluid flow was carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with a non-Newtonian blood fluid model. Further, the structural strength of various open cell Neovius lattices was evaluated using a static compression test, and in vitro cell culture using Alamar blue assay was evaluated. Results revealed that the values of intrinsic blood flow permeability of the three-dimensional (3D)-printed open cell porous scaffold with Neovius architecture were of the same order of magnitude as those of human bone, ranging from 0.0025 × 10-9 to 0.0152 × 10-9 m2. The structural elastic modulus and compressive strength of NOCL40, NOCL50, and NOCL60 lattices range from 3.27 to 3.71 GPa and 194 to 205 MPa, respectively. All of the values are comparable to the human bone, thus making these lattices a suitable alternative for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Meena
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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17
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Cai A, Yin H, Wang C, Chen Q, Song Y, Yin R, Yuan X, Kang H, Guo H. Bioactivity and antibacterial properties of zinc-doped Ta 2O 5nanorods on porous tantalum surface. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065011. [PMID: 37729922 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfbd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the preparation of Zn2+-doped Ta2O5nanorods on porous tantalum using the hydrothermal method. Porous tantalum is widely used in biomedical materials due to its excellent elastic modulus and biological activity. Porous tantalum has an elastic modulus close to that of human bone, and its large specific surface area is conducive to promoting cell adhesion. Zinc is an important component of human bone, which not only has spectral bactericidal properties, but also has no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the surface modification of porous tantalum and to determine the best surface modification method. The surface structure of the sample was characterized by x-ray diffractometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and the Zn-doped Ta2O5nanorods are characterized by antibacterial test, MTT test, ICP and other methods. The sample has good antibacterial properties and no cytotoxicity. The results of this study have potential implications for the development of new and improved biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxuan Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Shen X, He Z, Shi Y, Yang Y, Luo J, Tang X, Chen B, Liu T, Xu S, Xiao J, Zhou Y, Qin Y. Automatic detection of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head from various hip pathologies using deep convolutional neural network: a multi-centre study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:2235-2244. [PMID: 37115222 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for detecting early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) from various hip pathologies and evaluate the feasibility of its application. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and annotated hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of ONFH patients from four participated institutions and constructed a multi-centre dataset to develop the DCNN system. The diagnostic performance of the DCNN in the internal and external test datasets was calculated, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique was used to visualize its decision-making process. In addition, a human-machine comparison trial was performed. RESULTS Overall, 11,730 hip MRI segments from 794 participants were used to develop and optimize the DCNN system. The AUROC, accuracy, and precision of the DCNN in internal test dataset were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-1.00), 96.6% (95% CI: 93.0-100%), and 97.6% (95% CI: 94.6-100%), and in external test dataset, they were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91- 0.99), 95.2% (95% CI, 91.1-99.4%), and 95.7% (95% CI, 91.7-99.7%). Compared with attending orthopaedic surgeons, the DCNN showed superior diagnostic performance. The Grad-CAM demonstrated that the DCNN placed focus on the necrotic region. CONCLUSION Compared with clinician-led diagnoses, the developed DCNN system is more accurate in diagnosing early ONFH, avoiding empirical dependence and inter-reader variability. Our findings support the integration of deep learning systems into real clinical settings to assist orthopaedic surgeons in diagnosing early ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - You Zhou
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanguo Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Sun C, Kang J, Wang L, Jin Z, Liu C, Li D. Stress-dependent design and optimization methodology of gradient porous implant and application in femoral stem. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1308-1319. [PMID: 36036151 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2115291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gradient porous structure made by additive manufacturing (AM) technology is potential to improve the long-term stability of orthopaedic implants through bone ingrowth while maintaining mechanical safety. In this study, a parametrical optimization methodology for the customized gradient porous implants was developed based on a stress-dependent design algorithm. Clinical requirements and manufacturing capabilities of AM were considered in the design procedure. A femoral stem with a minimum bone loss proportion of 2.4% by optimizing the control parameters. This study provided a feasible and flexible design approach for the customized implant with gradient porous structure or material components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | | | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
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20
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Sohn S, Cho N, Oh H, Kim YD, Jo H, Koh IJ. No Blood Loss Increase in Cementless vs. Cemented Fixation Following Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matching Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1458. [PMID: 37629748 PMCID: PMC10456672 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recent advancements in three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the biologic fixation of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA), therefore increasing the utilization of newer-generation cementless implants. However, the lack of sealing and tamponade effect of cement on the resected bone surface after cementless TKA raises concerns regarding the potential for greater blood loss compared to cemented TKA. The aim of this study was to (1) compare blood loss and transfusion rates between cementless and cemented TKAs and (2) identify the risk factor for higher blood loss in patients who underwent 1-week-interval staggered bilateral (SB) TKA. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, propensity-matched study included 54 cementless and 53 cemented SB TKAs performed by a single surgeon from 2019 to 2023 with a single implant that has similar design features in both cementless and cemented implants. All patients underwent 1-week-interval SB TKA and received the same patient blood management (PBM) and rehabilitation protocol. The estimated total blood loss (TBL), transfusion rate, and total hemoglobin drop were assessed. Patients were categorized according to TBL into average TBL and higher TBL groups. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for higher blood loss. Results: There was no difference in TBL between cementless and cemented TKA groups (1233 ± 299 and 1282 ± 309 mL, respectively; p > 0.05). In addition, no between-group differences in the transfusion rate and mean total hemoglobin drop were observed. The logistic regression analyses revealed that whether TKA was cementless or cemented was not associated with higher blood loss; rather, the only identified risk factor was the pre-TKA patient blood volume (odd ratio 1.001, 95% confidence interval 1.000-1002, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Contemporary cementless fixation does not increase blood loss or transfusion rates compared to cemented fixation in patients undergoing 1-week-interval staggered bilateral TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueen Sohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nicole Cho
- Lauren E Wiznia MD PLLC, 1016 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028, USA;
| | - Hyunjoo Oh
- Joint Replacement Center, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea; (H.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Yong Deok Kim
- Joint Replacement Center, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea; (H.O.); (Y.D.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea;
| | - In Jun Koh
- Joint Replacement Center, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea; (H.O.); (Y.D.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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21
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Alvarado-Hernández F, Mihalcea E, Jimenez O, Macías R, Olmos L, López-Baltazar EA, Guevara-Martinez S, Lemus-Ruiz J. Design of Ti64/Ta Hybrid Materials by Powder Metallurgy Mimicking Bone Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4372. [PMID: 37374557 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the fabrication of a novel two-layer material composed of a porous tantalum core and a dense Ti6Al4V (Ti64) shell by powder metallurgy. The porous core was obtained by mixing Ta particles and salt space-holders to create large pores, the green compact was obtained by pressing. The sintering behavior of the two-layer sample was studied by dilatometry. The interface bonding between the Ti64 and Ta layers was analyzed by SEM, and the pore characteristics were analyzed by computed microtomography. Images showed that two distinct layers were obtained with a bonding achieved by the solid-state diffusion of Ta particles into Ti64 during sintering. The formation of β-Ti and α' martensitic phases confirmed the diffusion of Ta. The pore size distribution was in the size range of 80 to 500 µm, and a permeability value of 6 × 10-10 m2 was close to the trabecular bones one. The mechanical properties of the component were dominated mainly by the porous layer, and Young's modulus of 16 GPa was in the range of bones. Additionally, the density of this material (6 g/cm3) was much lower than the one of pure Ta, which helps to reduce the weight for the desired applications. These results indicate that structurally hybridized materials, also known as composites, with specific property profiles can improve the response to osseointegration for bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Mihalcea
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería I, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
| | - Omar Jimenez
- CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45100, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Macías
- Tecnológico Nacional de México (IT Morelia), DEPI, Morelia 58120, Mexico
| | - Luis Olmos
- INICIT, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58060, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Lemus-Ruiz
- IIMM, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58060, Mexico
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22
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Segi N, Nakashima H, Shinjo R, Kagami Y, Machino M, Ito S, Ouchida J, Morishita K, Oishi R, Yamauchi I, Imagama S. Trabecular Bone Remodeling After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparison of Three-Dimensional Porous Tantalum and Titanium-Coated Polyetheretherketone Interbody Cages. Global Spine J 2023:21925682231170613. [PMID: 37060284 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231170613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES The criteria for determining completion of intervertebral stability after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) remain controversial. Several new radiological indicators of bone growth and osteointegration have been established. We compared computed tomography (CT) findings related to osteointegration after PLIF with interbody cages of two different materials and designs. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 103 patients who underwent PLIF with three-dimensional porous tantalum (Tn) cages or titanium-coated polyetheretherketone (TiP) cages. CT images obtained 3 months and 1 year after surgery were examined for trabecular bone remodeling (TBR), cancellous condensation (CC), and vertebral endplate cyst (VEC) formation. The incidences of each finding were compared by cage type, and rates of instrument failure and pseudarthrosis were determined. RESULTS Three months postoperatively, 87% of the levels with Tn cages exhibited TBR, whereas 96% of those with TiP cages did not (P < .001). Most levels with Tn cages levels exhibited TBR and no CC 3 months (81%) and 1 year (94%) after surgery. Although 78% of levels with TiP cages exhibited CC and no TBR 3 months after surgery, 59% exhibited both CC and TBR 1 year after surgery. Significantly fewer VECs formed around the Tn cages than around the TiP cages both 3 months (P = .002) and 1 year (P < .001) after surgery. Implant-related problems occurred at levels that exhibited neither TBR nor CC. CONCLUSIONS The porous tantalum cage may enable intervertebral stability that is comparable to bony fusion soon after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Segi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shinjo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kagami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Ouchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Morishita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Oishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ippei Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Wang X, Zhou K, Li Y, Xie H, Wang B. Preparation, modification, and clinical application of porous tantalum scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127939. [PMID: 37082213 PMCID: PMC10110962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) implants have been developed and clinically applied as high-quality implant biomaterials in the orthopedics field because of their excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, osteointegration, and bone conductivity. Porous Ta allows fine bone ingrowth and new bone formation through the inner space because of its high porosity and interconnected pore structure. It contributes to rapid bone integration and long-term stability of osseointegrated implants. Porous Ta has excellent wetting properties and high surface energy, which facilitate the adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts. Moreover, porous Ta is superior to classical metallic materials in avoiding the stress shielding effect, minimizing the loss of marginal bone, and improving primary stability because of its low elastic modulus and high friction coefficient. Accordingly, the excellent biological and mechanical properties of porous Ta are primarily responsible for its rising clinical translation trend. Over the past 2 decades, advanced fabrication strategies such as emerging manufacturing technologies, surface modification techniques, and patient-oriented designs have remarkably influenced the microstructural characteristic, bioactive performance, and clinical indications of porous Ta scaffolds. The present review offers an overview of the fabrication methods, modification techniques, and orthopedic applications of porous Ta implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Xie
- *Correspondence: Hui Xie, ; Benjie Wang,
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24
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Li T, Gao M, Wu Z, Yang J, Mo B, Yu S, Gong X, Liu J, Wang W, Luo S, Li R. Tantalum-Zirconium Co-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks Sequentially Sensitize Radio-Radiodynamic-Immunotherapy for Metastatic Osteosarcoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206779. [PMID: 36739599 PMCID: PMC10074130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to radiation resistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of metastatic osteosarcoma, novel radiosensitizers that can sensitize radiotherapy (RT) and antitumor immunity synchronously urgently needed. Here, the authors developed a nanoscale metal-organic framework (MOF, named TZM) by co-doping high-atomic elements Ta and Zr as metal nodes and porphyrinic molecules (tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP)) as a photosensitizing ligand. Given the 3D arrays of ultra-small heavy metals, porous TZM serves as an efficient attenuator absorbing X-ray energy and sensitizing hydroxyl radical generation for RT. Ta-Zr co-doping narrowed the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap and exhibited close energy levels between the singlet and triplet photoexcited states, facilitating TZM transfer energy to the photosensitizer TCPP to sensitize singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation for radiodynamic therapy (RDT). The sensitized RT-RDT effects of TZM elicit a robust antitumor immune response by inducing immunogenic cell death, promoting dendritic cell maturation, and upregulating programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) expression via the cGAS-STING pathway. Furthermore, a combination of TZM, X-ray, and anti-PD-L1 treatments amplify antitumor immunotherapy and efficiently arrest osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. These results indicate that TZM is a promising radiosensitizer for the synergistic RT and immunotherapy of metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
- Center for Joint SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Mingquan Gao
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteSichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Zifei Wu
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteSichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Center for Joint SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Banghui Mo
- Department of OncologySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of OncologySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint SurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologySichuan Cancer Hospital & InstituteSichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation OncologyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Combined InjuryState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
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25
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Liang D, Zhong C, Jiang F, Liao J, Ye H, Ren F. Fabrication of Porous Tantalum with Low Elastic Modulus and Tunable Pore Size for Bone Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1720-1728. [PMID: 36780252 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous tantalum (Ta) is a potential bone substitute due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties. In this work, a series of porous Ta materials with interconnected micropores and varying pore sizes from 23 to 210 μm were fabricated using spark plasma sintering. The porous structure was formed by thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate powder premixed in the Ta powder. The pore size and porosity were controlled by the categorized particle size of ammonium bicarbonate. The porous Ta has elastic moduli in the range of 2.1-3.2 GPa and compressive yield strength in the range of 23-34 MPa, which are close to those of human bone. In vitro, as-fabricated porous Ta demonstrates excellent biocompatibility by supporting adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblasts. In vivo studies also validate its bone repair capability after implantation in a rat femur defect model. The study demonstrates a facile strategy to fabricate porous Ta with controllable pore size for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chuanxin Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Junchen Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Haixia Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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26
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Gao M, He D, Cui L, Ma L, Tan Z, Zhou Z, Guo X. Investigation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Ti-Ta Alloy with Unmelted Ta Particles by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2208. [PMID: 36984086 PMCID: PMC10051491 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-tantalum (Ti-Ta) alloy has excellent biomechanical properties with high strength and low Young's modulus, showing great application potential in the biomedical industry. In this study, Ti-Ta alloy samples were prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology with mixed pure 75 wt.% Ti and 25 wt.% Ta powders as the feedstock. The maximum relative density of Ti-Ta samples prepared by LPBF reached 99.9%. It is well-accepted that four nonequilibrium phases, namely, α', α″ and metastable β phase exist in Ti-Ta alloys. The structure of α', α″ and β are hexagonal close-packed (HCP), base-centered orthorhombic (BCO) and body-centered cubic (BCC), respectively. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the α' phase transformed to the α″ phase with the increase of energy density. The lamellar α'/α″ phases and the α″ twins were generated in the prior β phase. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-Ta alloy were optimized with different LPBF processing parameters. The samples prepared by LPBF energy density of 381 J/mm3 had a favorable ultimate strength (UTS) of 1076 ± 2 MPa and yield strength of 795 ± 16 MPa. The samples prepared by LPBF energy density of 76 had excellent ductility, with an elongation of 31% at fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Gao
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dingyong He
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Eco-Materials and LCA, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Li Cui
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingye Guo
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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27
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Xu S, Ding X, Xiong M, Duan P, Zhang H, Li Z. The optimal design of 3D-printed lattice bone plate by considering fracture healing mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3682. [PMID: 36625630 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanical stimulus is the most important factor for fracture healing and mainly determined by the structural stiffness of bone plate. Currently, the materials commonly used in bone plates are stainless steel and titanium, which often lead to stress shielding effects because of their higher elastic modulus compared with the bone. This article suggests an optimal design method of lattice bone plate based on fracture healing theory. First, the mechanical regulation model with deviatoric strain is established to simulate the tissue differentiation process during fracture healing process. The ratio of the average elastic modulus of callus at the 120th day to the elastic modulus of mature bone is used to characterize the fracture healing rate. Second, the optimal elastic modulus of the design domain is obtained by the optimization mathematical model with the maximum fracture healing rate. Then, the design domain is filled with microstructures, the porosity of which is adjusted to make it possible that the equivalent elastic modulus is equal to the optimized value. And the finite element analysis of the bone plate with microstructure is executed. Finally, the designed lattice bone plates are manufactured through 3D printing, and the mechanical test is carried out. The simulation results indicate that the fracture healing rate is maximum when the elastic modulus of material in design domain is 38 GPa under the constraints of fixation stability. And both the finite element analysis and experiment results show that the designed lattice bone plate meet the strength requirements of fracture internal fixation implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyun Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoyi Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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28
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Zhao M, Ji C, Dai H, Wang C, Liu R, Xie J, Wang Y, Gu Z. Mussel-Inspired Tantalum Nanocomposite Hydrogels for In Situ Oral Cancer Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4984-4995. [PMID: 36649169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral malignancies. Radiotherapy is the primary noninvasive treatment of OSCC for avoiding surgery-induced facial deformities and impaired oral function. However, the specificity of in situ OSCC limits radiotherapeutic effects because of the hypoxia-induced low radiosensitivity of tumors and the low radiation tolerance of surrounding normal tissues. Here, we design a highly efficient and low-toxic radiosensitization strategy. On the one hand, biocompatible poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-modified tantalum nanoparticles (Ta@PVP NPs) not only have strong X-ray deposition capability to upregulate oxidative stress but also have photothermal conversion efficiency to improve hypoxia for tumor radiosensitivity. On the other hand, to optimize the spatial distribution of Ta@PVP NPs within tumors, mussel-inspired catechol with bioadhesive properties is grafted on tumor microenvironment-responsive sodium alginate (DAA) to form in situ hydrogels for precision radiotherapy. On this basis, we find that Ta@PVP-DAA hydrogels effectively inhibit OSCC development in mice under photothermal-assisted radiotherapy without facial deformities and damage to surrounding normal tissues. Overall, our work not only promotes the exploration of Ta@PVP NPs as new radiosensitizers for OSCC but also develops a nanocomposite hydrogel system strategy as a promising paradigm for the precision treatment of orthotopic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiani Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Abstract
Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Remick
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
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Jiao J, Hong Q, Zhang D, Wang M, Tang H, Yang J, Qu X, Yue B. Influence of porosity on osteogenesis, bone growth and osteointegration in trabecular tantalum scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117954. [PMID: 36777251 PMCID: PMC9911888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous tantalum implants are a class of materials commonly used in clinical practice to repair bone defects. However, the cumbersome and problematic preparation procedure have limited their widespread application. Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the design and process of orthopedic implants, but the pore architecture feature of porous tantalum scaffolds prepared from additive materials for optimal osseointegration are unclear, particularly the influence of porosity. We prepared trabecular bone-mimicking tantalum scaffolds with three different porosities (60%, 70% and 80%) using the laser powder bed fusing technique to examine and compare the effects of adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of rat mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffolds in vitro. The in vivo bone ingrowth and osseointegration effects of each scaffold were analyzed in a rat femoral bone defect model. Three porous tantalum scaffolds were successfully prepared and characterized. In vitro studies showed that scaffolds with 70% and 80% porosity had a better ability to osteogenic proliferation and differentiation than scaffolds with 60% porosity. In vivo studies further confirmed that tantalum scaffolds with the 70% and 80% porosity had a better ability for bone ingrowh than the scaffold with 60% porosity. As for osseointegration, more bone was bound to the material in the scaffold with 70% porosity, suggesting that the 3D printed trabecular tantalum scaffold with 70% porosity could be the optimal choice for subsequent implant design, which we will further confirm in a large animal preclinical model for better clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Jiao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Hong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dachen Zhang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haozheng Tang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- Shenzhen Dazhou Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Center of Biomedical Materials 3D Printing, National Engineering Laboratory for Polymer Complex Structure Additive Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei, China,School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhou Yang, ; Xinhua Qu, ; Bing Yue,
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Schulze F, Lang A, Schoon J, Wassilew GI, Reichert J. Scaffold Guided Bone Regeneration for the Treatment of Large Segmental Defects in Long Bones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020325. [PMID: 36830862 PMCID: PMC9953456 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone generally displays a high intrinsic capacity to regenerate. Nonetheless, large osseous defects sometimes fail to heal. The treatment of such large segmental defects still represents a considerable clinical challenge. The regeneration of large bone defects often proves difficult, since it relies on the formation of large amounts of bone within an environment impedimental to osteogenesis, characterized by soft tissue damage and hampered vascularization. Consequently, research efforts have concentrated on tissue engineering and regenerative medical strategies to resolve this multifaceted challenge. In this review, we summarize, critically evaluate, and discuss present approaches in light of their clinical relevance; we also present future advanced techniques for bone tissue engineering, outlining the steps to realize for their translation from bench to bedside. The discussion includes the physiology of bone healing, requirements and properties of natural and synthetic biomaterials for bone reconstruction, their use in conjunction with cellular components and suitable growth factors, and strategies to improve vascularization and the translation of these regenerative concepts to in vivo applications. We conclude that the ideal all-purpose material for scaffold-guided bone regeneration is currently not available. It seems that a variety of different solutions will be employed, according to the clinical treatment necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schulze
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery & Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georgi I. Wassilew
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-86-22530
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Tantalum as Trabecular Metal for Endosseous Implantable Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010049. [PMID: 36810380 PMCID: PMC9944482 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last 20 years, tantalum has known ever wider applications for the production of endosseous implantable devices in the orthopedic and dental fields. Its excellent performances are due to its capacity to stimulate new bone formation, thus improving implant integration and stable fixation. Tantalum's mechanical features can be mainly adjusted by controlling its porosity thanks to a number of versatile fabrication techniques, which allow obtaining an elastic modulus similar to that of bone tissue, thus limiting the stress-shielding effect. The present paper aims at reviewing the characteristics of tantalum as a solid and porous (trabecular) metal, with specific regard to biocompatibility and bioactivity. Principal fabrication methods and major applications are described. Moreover, the osteogenic features of porous tantalum are presented to testify its regenerative potential. It can be concluded that tantalum, especially as a porous metal, clearly possesses many advantageous characteristics for endosseous applications but it presently lacks the consolidated clinical experience of other metals such as titanium.
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Lyu Y, Cheng L. On the Various Numerical Techniques for the Optimization of Bone Scaffold. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:974. [PMID: 36769983 PMCID: PMC9917976 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As the application of bone scaffolds becomes more and more widespread, the requirements for the high performance of bone scaffolds are also increasing. The stiffness and porosity of porous structures can be adjusted as needed, making them good candidates for repairing damaged bone tissues. However, the development of porous bone structures is limited by traditional manufacturing methods. Today, the development of additive manufacturing technology has made it very convenient to manufacture bionic porous bone structures as needed. In the present paper, the current state-of-the-art optimization techniques for designing the scaffolds and the settings of different optimization methods are introduced. Additionally, various design methods for bone scaffolds are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in designing high performance bone scaffolds and the future developments of bone scaffolds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyi Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongtao Lyu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopeadics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian 116001, China
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Qian H, Yao Q, Pi L, Ao J, Lei P, Hu Y. Current Advances and Applications of Tantalum Element in Infected Bone Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1-19. [PMID: 36563349 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infected bone defects (IBDs) cause significant economic and psychological burdens, posing a huge challenge to clinical orthopedic surgeons. Traditional approaches for managing IBDs possess inevitable shortcomings; therefore, it is necessary to develop new functionalized scaffolds. Tantalum (Ta) has been widely used in load-bearing orthopedic implants due to its good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. However, undecorated Ta could only structurally repair common bone defects, which failed to meet the clinical needs of bacteriostasis for IBDs. Researchers have made great efforts to functionalize Ta scaffolds to enhance their antibacterial activity through various methods, including surface coating, alloying, and micro- and nanostructure modifications. Additionally, several studies have successfully utilized Ta to modify orthopedic scaffolds for enhanced antibacterial function. These studies remarkably extended the application range of Ta. Therefore, this review systematically outlines the advances in the fundamental and clinical application of Ta in the treatment of IBDs, focusing on the antibacterial properties of Ta, its functionalization for bacteriostasis, and its applications in the modification of orthopedic scaffolds. This study provides researchers with an overview of the application of Ta in the treatment of IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qingshuang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lanping Pi
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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Sacco LN, Vollebregt S. Overview of Engineering Carbon Nanomaterials Such As Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs), Graphene and Nanodiamonds and Other Carbon Allotropes inside Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) Templates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:260. [PMID: 36678014 PMCID: PMC9861583 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and design of carbon-based hierarchical structures with tailored nano-architectures have attracted the enormous attention of the materials science community due to their exceptional chemical and physical properties. The collective control of nano-objects, in terms of their dimensionality, orientation and size, is of paramount importance to expand the implementation of carbon nanomaterials across a large variety of applications. In this context, porous anodic alumina (PAA) has become an attractive template where the pore morphologies can be straightforwardly modulated. The synthesis of diverse carbon nanomaterials can be performed using PAA templates, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and nanodiamonds, or can act as support for other carbon allotropes such as graphene and other carbon nanoforms. However, the successful growth of carbon nanomaterials within ordered PAA templates typically requires a series of stages involving the template fabrication, nanostructure growth and finally an etching or electrode metallization steps, which all encounter different challenges towards a nanodevice fabrication. The present review article describes the advantages and challenges associated with the fabrication of carbon materials in PAA based materials and aims to give a renewed momentum to this topic within the materials science community by providing an exhaustive overview of the current synthesis approaches and the most relevant applications based on PAA/Carbon nanostructures materials. Finally, the perspective and opportunities in the field are presented.
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Cheng Y, Lu Y, Yang Q, Zhong J, Xu M, Gou X, Kai L, Hou X, Chen F. Rapid Fabrication of Wavelength-Scale Micropores on Metal by Femtosecond MHz Burst Bessel Beam Ablation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4378. [PMID: 36558231 PMCID: PMC9782869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of the wavelength-scale micropores on metallic surfaces is limited by the high opacity of metal. At present, most micropores reported in the literature are more than 20 µm in diameter, which is not only large in size, but renders them inefficient for processing so that it is difficult to meet the needs of some special fields, such as aerospace, biotechnology, and so on. In this paper, the rapid laser fabrications of the wavelength-scale micropores on various metallic surfaces are achieved through femtosecond MHz burst Bessel beam ablation. Taking advantage of the long-depth focal field of the Bessel beam, high-density micropores with a diameter of 1.3 µm and a depth of 10.5 µm are prepared on metal by MHz burst accumulation; in addition, the rapid fabrication of 2000 micropores can be achieved in 1 s. The guidelines and experimental results illustrate that the formations of the wavelength-scale porous structures are the result of the co-action of the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) effect and Bessel beam interference. Porous metal can be used to store lubricant and form a lubricating layer on the metallic surface, thus endowing the metal resistance to various liquids' adhesion. The microporous formation process on metal provides a new physical insight for the rapid preparation of wavelength-scale metallic micropores, and promotes the application of porous metal in the fields of catalysis, gas adsorption, structural templates, and bio-transportation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Lin Kai
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Li G, Yang L, Wu G, Qian Z, Li H. An update of interbody cages for spine fusion surgeries: from shape design to materials. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:977-989. [PMID: 36617696 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2165912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discectomy and interbody fusion are widely used in the treatment of intervertebral disc-related diseases. Among them, the interbody cage plays a significant role. However, the complications related to the interbody cage, such as nonunion or pseudoarthrosis, subsidence, loosening, and prolapse of the cage, cannot be ignored. By changing the design and material of the interbody fusion cage, a better fusion effect can be obtained, the incidence of appeal complications can be reduced, and the quality of life of patients after interbody fusion can be improved. AREAS COVERED This study reviewed the research progress of cage design and material and discussed the methods of cage design and material to promote intervertebral fusion. EXPERT OPINION Current treatment of cervical and lumbar degenerative disease requires interbody fusion to maintain decompression and to promote fusion and reduce the incidence of fusion failure through improvements in implant material, design, internal structure, and function. However, interbody fusion is not an optimal solution for treating vertebral instability.Abbreviations: ACDF, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; Axi-aLIF, axial lumbar interbody fusion; BAK fusion cage, Bagby and Kuslich fusion cage; CADR, cervical artificial disc replacement; DBM, decalcified bone matrix; HA, hydroxyapatite; LLIF/XLIF, lateral or extreme lateral interbody fusion; MIS-TLIF, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; OLIF/ATP, oblique lumbar interbody fusion/anterior to psoas; PEEK, Poly-ether-ether-ketone; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; ROI-C, Zero-profile Anchored Spacer; ROM, range of motion; SLM, selective melting forming; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshen Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kim WJ, Cho YD, Ku Y, Ryoo HM. The worldwide patent landscape of dental implant technology. Biomater Res 2022; 26:59. [PMID: 36274171 PMCID: PMC9590213 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an aging society, quality of life improvement is emerging as an important issue, and as implants are accepted as the core of oral rehabilitation treatment, competition for leadership in developing related technologies is intensifying. In this trend, unlike what is evident in the literature, the patent landscape shows the status of industrial-based technology development. A database analysis of a total of 32,237 dental implant patents shows improvements in technology, diverse geographical characteristics, and new advances toward technological convergence in this field. Technologically, dental implant technology has shown a tendency to develop from conventional implant materials and surface treatment technologies to new material technologies making use of substances such as pure zirconium and tantalum or software technologies related to diagnosis and prognosis. Regionally, dental implant technology, which was developed mainly in Europe and the Unites States in the past, is growing explosively in East Asian countries accompanied by the recent growth of the Asian market. In summary, dental implant technology seems to be developing while trying to converge with various technological areas based on the local market environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new dental implant material technology that is highly applicable to the development of hybrid information/communication technology and is suitable for a new manufacturing method. Our study may provide important information to help basic and translational researchers and their financial supporters set their research directions in advancing the development of dental implants.
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Kang J, Tian Y, Zheng J, Lu D, Cai K, Wang L, Li D. Functional design and biomechanical evaluation of 3D printing PEEK flexible implant for chest wall reconstruction. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 225:107105. [PMID: 36108412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Rigid reconstruction of chest wall defect seriously affects the postoperative respiratory owing to neglecting the functional role of natural costal cartilage. In the study, a 3D printing PEEK flexible implant was developed to restore the deformation capability during breathing motion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bionic spring structures in different region of implant were designed by taking into consideration of the anatomical morphology and materials properties of costal cartilage. The biomechanical properties of the rigid and flexible implants under the chest compression were compared through the finite element analysis. Two kinds of chest wall implant samples were fabricated with fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology to evaluate experimentally the mechanical behaviors. Finally, the restoration ability of respiratory function from the flexible implant was investigated in vivo. RESULTS The flexible implant exhibited the similar stiffness to the natural thorax and satisfied the strength demand in the chest compression. The maximal impact force of flexible implant reached to 536 N. The fatigue failure of complete flexible implant was revealed from the initiation and propagation of interlaminar crack to the fracture in a zigzag manner. Animal experiments validated that the parameters characterizing respiratory could be recovered to the preoperative and normal state. CONCLUSIONS In the study, the flexible implant provided these advantages for perfect replication of thoracic shape, reliable safety, and great deformation capability to response respiratory movement, which given a superior treatment for chest wall reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Jibao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China.
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Guangdong Xi'an Jiaotong University Academy, Guangdong, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China.
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3D bioprinted poly(lactic acid)/mesoporous bioactive glass based biomimetic scaffold with rapid apatite crystallization and in-vitro Cytocompatability for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:979-997. [PMID: 35908677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, bone tissue engineering is regarded as the promising solution for treatment of bone defects which arises due to trauma, infection and surgical intervention. In view of this, several polymer or ceramic based constructs are envisaged for bone tissue engineering potential. However, scaffolds based on pure polymeric materials suffer from slow bioactivity characteristics. On the other hand, scaffolds based on ceramic materials do not offer sufficient strength for load bearing applications. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the current work aims to develop mixed matrix scaffolds based on poly (L-lactic acid)/mesoporous bioactive glass composite with the formulation of 30:70 weight ratio, which mimics the natural bone composition. In the current work, PLA/MBG (30:70) composite based bioink suitable for 3D bioprinting is indigenously developed and its rheological characteristics are evaluated. The 3D architecture for PLA/MBG composite scaffold is designed using Solidworks CAD 2015 and the scaffolds are fabricated using pneumatic based 3D bioprinting technology, which has not been documented earlier for this formulation in view of bone tissue engineering to the best of our knowledge. Followed by this, optimization of printing parameters in order to develop 3D PLA/MBG composite constructs with hierarchical pore architecture suitable for bone tissue engineering is performed. The SEM analysis confirmed that the pore size of the 3D printed PLA/MBG composite scaffolds falls in the range of 500-700 μm, which corresponds to the macroporous nature of the scaffolds useful for bone cell growth. The mechanical analysis confirmed the superior compressive modulus and yield strength for PLA/MBG composite scaffold in comparison to neat PLA. The in-vitro bioactivity assessment showed rapid apatite crystallization by attaining Ca/P ratio of 1.66 equivalent to natural bone mineral within 3rd day of SBF treatment for PLA/MBG composite scaffold, thus indicating the excellent bioactivity behaviour. The 3D bioprinted PLA/MBG composite scaffold showed promising response in terms of cell attachment and proliferation, mineralization as well as gene expression characteristics while assessed through of in-vitro biological assessment using MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In this regard, the 3D bioprinted PLA/MBG scaffold could be applied as potential implant for bone tissue engineering application.
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Zhao T, Chu Z, Ma J, Ouyang L. Immunomodulation Effect of Biomaterials on Bone Formation. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030103. [PMID: 35893471 PMCID: PMC9394331 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional bone replacement materials have been developed with the goal of directing the osteogenesis of osteoblastic cell lines toward differentiation and therefore achieving biomaterial-mediated osteogenesis, but the osteogenic effect has been disappointing. With advances in bone biology, it has been revealed that the local immune microenvironment has an important role in regulating the bone formation process. According to the bone immunology hypothesis, the immune system and the skeletal system are inextricably linked, with many cytokines and regulatory factors in common, and immune cells play an essential role in bone-related physiopathological processes. This review combines advances in bone immunology with biomaterial immunomodulatory properties to provide an overview of biomaterials-mediated immune responses to regulate bone regeneration, as well as methods to assess the bone immunomodulatory properties of bone biomaterials and how these strategies can be used for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China; (T.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China; (T.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Practitioners, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (J.M.); Tel.: +86-21-52039999 (L.O.); +86-21-52039999 (J.M.)
| | - Liping Ouyang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China; (T.Z.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.O.); (J.M.); Tel.: +86-21-52039999 (L.O.); +86-21-52039999 (J.M.)
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Ji C, Zhao M, Wang C, Liu R, Zhu S, Dong X, Su C, Gu Z. Biocompatible Tantalum Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Enhancing Therapy Efficacy in Primary Tumor and Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9428-9441. [PMID: 35666259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of breast carcinoma is commonly realized through lymphatic circulation, which seriously threatens the lives of breast cancer patients. Therefore, efficient therapy for both primary tumor and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is highly desired to inhibit cancer growth and metastasis. During breast cancer treatment, radiotherapy (RT) is a common clinical method. However, the efficacy of RT is decreased by the radioresistance to a hypoxic microenvironment and inevitable side effects for healthy issues at high radiation doses. Considering the above-mentioned, we provide high biocompatible poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coated Ta nanoparticles (Ta@PVP NPs) for photothermal therapy (PTT) assisted RT for primary tumor and metastatic SLNs. On the one hand, for primary tumor treatment, Ta@PVP NPs with a high X-ray mass attenuation coefficient (4.30 cm2/kg at 100 keV) can deposit high radiation doses within tumors. On the other hand, for metastatic SLNs treatment, the effective delivery of Ta@PVP NPs from the primary tumor into SLNs is monitored by computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging, which greatly benefit the prognosis and treatment for metastatic SLNs. Moreover, Ta@PVP NPs-mediated PTT could enhance the RT effect, and immunogenic cell death caused by RT/PTT could induce an immune response to improve the therapeutic effect of metastatic SLNs. This study not only explores the potential of Ta@PVP NPs as effective radiosensitizers and photothermal agents for combined RT and PTT but also offers an efficient strategy to cure both primary tumor and metastatic SLNs in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunjian Su
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Gao X, Zhao Y, Wang M, Liu Z, Liu C. Parametric Design of Hip Implant With Gradient Porous Structure. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850184. [PMID: 35651549 PMCID: PMC9150022 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who has been implanted with hip implant usually undergo revision surgery. The reason is that high stiff implants would cause non-physiological distribution loadings, which is also known as stress shielding, and finally lead to bone loss and aseptic loosening. Titanium implants are widely used in human bone tissues; however, the subsequent elastic modulus mismatch problem has become increasingly serious, and can lead to stress-shielding effects. This study aimed to develop a parametric design methodology of porous titanium alloy hip implant with gradient elastic modulus, and mitigate the stress-shielding effect. Four independent adjustable dimensions of the porous structure were parametrically designed, and the Kriging algorithm was used to establish the mapping relationship between the four adjustable dimensions and the porosity, surface-to-volume ratio, and elastic modulus. Moreover, the equivalent stress on the surface of the femur was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal gradient elastic modulus of the implant was obtained. Finally, through the Kriging approximation model and optimization results of the finite element method, the dimensions of each segment of the porous structure that could effectively mitigate the stress-shielding effect were determined. Experimental results demonstrated that the parameterized design method of the porous implant with gradient elastic modulus proposed in this study increased the strain value on the femoral surface by 17.1% on average. Consequently, the stress-shielding effect of the femoral tissue induced by the titanium alloy implant was effectively mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Fogel G, Martin N, Lynch K, Pelletier MH, Wills D, Wang T, Walsh WR, Williams GM, Malik J, Peng Y, Jekir M. Subsidence and fusion performance of a 3D-printed porous interbody cage with stress-optimized body lattice and microporous endplates - a comprehensive mechanical and biological analysis. Spine J 2022; 22:1028-1037. [PMID: 35017054 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Cage subsidence remains a serious complication after spinal fusion surgery. Novel porous designs in the cage body or endplate offer attractive options to improve subsidence and osseointegration performance. PURPOSE To elucidate the relative contribution of a porous design in each of the two major domains (body and endplates) to cage stiffness and subsidence performance, using standardized mechanical testing methods, and to analyze the fusion progression via an established ovine interbody fusion model to support the mechanical testing findings. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A comparative preclinical study using standardized mechanical testing and established animal model. METHODS To isolate the subsidence performance contributed by each porous cage design feature, namely the stress-optimized body lattice (vs. a solid body) and microporous endplates (vs. smooth endplates), four groups of cages (two-by-two combination of these two features) were tested in: (1) static axial compression of the cage (per ASTM F2077) and (2) static subsidence (per ASTM F2267). To evaluate the progression of fusion, titanium cages were created with a microporous endplate and internal lattice architecture analogous to commercial implants used in subsidence testing and implanted in an endplate-sparing, ovine intervertebral body fusion model. RESULTS The cage stiffness was reduced by 16.7% by the porous body lattice, and by 16.6% by the microporous endplates. The porous titanium cage with both porous features showed the lowest stiffness with a value of 40.4±0.3 kN/mm (Mean±SEM) and a block stiffness of 1976.8±27.4 N/mm for subsidence. The body lattice showed no significant impact on the block stiffness (1.4% reduction), while the microporous endplates decreased the block stiffness significantly by 24.9% (p<.0001). All segments implanted with porous titanium cages were deemed rigidly fused by manual palpation, except one at 12 weeks, consistent with robotic ROM testing and radiographic and histologic observations. A reduction in ROM was noted from 12 to 26 weeks (4.1±1.6° to 2.2±1.4° in lateral bending, p<.05; 2.1±0.6° to 1.5±0.3° in axial rotation, p<.05); and 3.3±1.6° to 1.9±1.2° in flexion extension, p=.07). Bone in the available void improved with time in the central aperture (54±35% to 83±13%, p<.05) and porous cage structure (19±26% to 37±21%, p=.15). CONCLUSIONS Body lattice and microporous endplates features can effectively reduce the cage stiffness, therefore reducing the risk of stress shielding and promoting early fusion. While body lattice showed no impact on block stiffness and the microporous endplates reduced the block stiffness, a titanium cage with microporous endplates and internal lattice supported bone ingrowth and segmental mechanical stability as early as 12 weeks in ovine interbody fusion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Porous titanium cage architecture can offer an attractive solution to increase the available space for bone ingrowth and bridging to support successful spinal fusion while mitigating risks of increased subsidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Fogel
- Spine Pain Begone Clinic, 2833 Babcock Rd Suite 306, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Kelli Lynch
- NuVasive, 7475 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92129, USA
| | - Matthew H Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, Clinical Sciences Building, Gate 6, Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Daniel Wills
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, Clinical Sciences Building, Gate 6, Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Tian Wang
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, Clinical Sciences Building, Gate 6, Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - William R Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, Clinical Sciences Building, Gate 6, Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | - Jeremy Malik
- NuVasive, 7475 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92129, USA
| | - Yun Peng
- NuVasive, 7475 Lusk Blvd., San Diego, CA 92129, USA.
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Fogel G, Martin N, Williams GM, Unger J, Yee-Yanagishita C, Pelletier M, Walsh W, Peng Y, Jekir M. Choice of Spinal Interbody Fusion Cage Material and Design Influences Subsidence and Osseointegration Performance. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:e626-e634. [PMID: 35346883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to quantify the effect of cage material (titanium-alloy vs. polyetheretherketone or PEEK) and design (porous vs. solid) on subsidence and osseointegration. METHODS Three lateral cages (solid PEEK, solid titanium, and 3-dimension-printed porous titanium cages) were evaluated for cage stiffness, subsidence compression stiffness, and dynamic subsidence displacement under simulated postoperative spine loading. Dowel-shaped implants made of grit-blasted solid titanium alloy (solid titanium) and porous titanium were fabricated using commercially available processes. Samples were processed for mechanical push-out testing and polymethylmethacrylate histology following an established ovine bone implantation model. RESULTS The solid titanium cage exhibited the greatest stiffness (57.1 ± 0.6 kN/mm), followed by the porous titanium cage (40.4 ± 0.3 kN/mm) and the solid PEEK cage (37.1 ± 1.2 kN/mm). In the clinically relevant dynamic subsidence, the porous titanium cage showed the least amount of subsidence displacement (0.195 ± 0.012 mm), significantly less than that of the solid PEEK cage (0.328 ± 0.020 mm) and the solid titanium cage (0.538 ± 0.027 mm). Bony on-growth was noted histologically on all implant materials; however, only the porous titanium supported bony ingrowth with marked quantities of bone formed within the interconnected pores through 12 weeks. Functional differences in osseointegration were noted between groups during push-out testing. The porous titanium showed the highest maximum shear stress at 12 weeks and was the only group that demonstrated significant improvement (4-12 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The choice of material and design is critical to cage mechanical and biological performances. A porous titanium cage can reduce subsidence risk and generate biological stability through bone on-growth and ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Fogel
- Spine Pain Begone Clinic, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Pelletier
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Walsh
- Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yun Peng
- NuVasive Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
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[Osteoimmunomodulatory effects of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:517-522. [PMID: 35426295 PMCID: PMC9011079 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. METHODS A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. RESULTS Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. CONCLUSION Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
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Addressing the Needs of the Rapidly Aging Society through the Development of Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Orthopedic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052786. [PMID: 35269928 PMCID: PMC8911303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented aging of the world's population will boost the need for orthopedic implants and expose their current limitations to a greater extent due to the medical complexity of elderly patients and longer indwelling times of the implanted materials. Biocompatible metals with multifunctional bioactive coatings promise to provide the means for the controlled and tailorable release of different medications for patient-specific treatment while prolonging the material's lifespan and thus improving the surgical outcome. The objective of this work is to provide a review of several groups of biocompatible materials that might be utilized as constituents for the development of multifunctional bioactive coatings on metal materials with a focus on antimicrobial, pain-relieving, and anticoagulant properties. Moreover, the review presents a summary of medications used in clinical settings, the disadvantages of the commercially available products, and insight into the latest development strategies. For a more successful translation of such research into clinical practice, extensive knowledge of the chemical interactions between the components and a detailed understanding of the properties and mechanisms of biological matter are required. Moreover, the cost-efficiency of the surface treatment should be considered in the development process.
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Li C, Zhou Z. Air permeability and tensile properties of novel micron-scale gradient porous plates fabricated by rolling and vacuum sintering. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Genistein loaded into microporous surface of nano tantalum/PEEK composite with antibacterial effect regulating cellular response in vitro, and promoting osseointegration in vivo. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104972. [PMID: 34794044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) with good biocompatibility exhibits high mechanical strengths but bioinert. In addition, tantalum (Ta) possesses outstanding osteogenesis but high density and elastic modulus, and cost. In this study, by blending Ta nanoparticles with PEEK, Ta/PEEK composite (TP) was prepared, which was then treated by concentrated sulfuric acid to form a microporous surface containing Ta particles on TP (TPS). Moreover, genistein (GS) with antibacterial property was loaded into the microporous surface of TPS (TPSG). Compared with TP, the surface properties (e.g., surface roughness and hydrophilicity) of TPS was obviously improved because of the microporous surface including Ta nanoparticles. Moreover, TPS showed low antibacterial properties because of presence of sulfonic group while TPSG exhibited excellent antibacterial properties due to GS loaded into the microporous surface. Furthermore, compared with TP, TPS obviously promoted attachment and proliferation of MG63 cells, while TPSG with GS remarkably inducing osteogenic differentiation of the cells compared with TPS in vitro. Moreover, in comparison with TP, TPS with optimized surface properties promoted new bone regeneration and osseointegration, while TPSG loading GS further enhanced bone regeneration as well as osseointegration in vivo. In summary, the GS loaded into microporous surface including Ta nanoparticles of TPSG exhibited antibacterial and osteogenic activity, which would have great potential for bone tissue repair.
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Luo C, Wang C, Wu X, Xie X, Wang C, Zhao C, Zou C, Lv F, Huang W, Liao J. Influence of porous tantalum scaffold pore size on osteogenesis and osteointegration: A comprehensive study based on 3D-printing technology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112382. [PMID: 34579901 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emerging role of porous tantalum (Ta) scaffold for bone tissue engineering is noticed due to its outstanding biological properties. However, it is controversial which pore size and porosity are more conducive for bone defect repair. In the present work, porous tantalum scaffolds with pore sizes of 100-200, 200-400, 400-600 and 600-800 μm and corresponding porosities of 25%, 55%, 75%, and 85% were constructed, using computer aided design and 3D printing technologies, then comprehensively studied by in vitro and in vivo studies. We found that Ta scaffold with pore size of 400-600 μm showed stronger ability in facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo tests identified that porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size of 400-600 μm showed better performance of bone ingrowth and integration. In mechanism, computational fluid dynamics analysis proved porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size of 400-600 μm hold appropriate permeability and surface area, which facilitated cell adhesion and proliferation. Our results strongly indicate that pore size and porosity are essential for further applications of porous tantalum scaffolds, and porous tantalum scaffolds with pore size 400-600 μm are conducive to osteogenesis and osseointegration. These findings provide new evidence for further application of porous tantalum scaffolds for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Claire Wang
- Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xiangdong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Furong Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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