1
|
Chytrosz-Wrobel P, Golda-Cepa M, Drozdz K, Rysz J, Kubisiak P, Kulig W, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Functionalized Polyurethane Surfaces toward Understanding Biologically Relevant Interactions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6112-6122. [PMID: 37909715 PMCID: PMC10646850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The solid-aqueous boundary formed upon biomaterial implantation provides a playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes involved in implant-host interactions. Therefore, for biomaterial development, optimization, and application, it is essential to understand the biomaterial-water interface in depth. In this study, oxygen plasma-functionalized polyurethane surfaces that can be successfully utilized in contact with the tissue of the respiratory system were prepared and investigated. Through experiments, the influence of plasma treatment on the physicochemical properties of polyurethane was investigated by atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and contact angle measurements, supplemented with biological tests using the A549 cell line and two bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The molecular interpretation of the experimental findings was achieved by molecular dynamics simulations employing newly developed, fully atomistic models of unmodified and plasma-functionalized polyurethane materials to characterize the polyurethane-water interfaces at the nanoscale in detail. The experimentally obtained polar and dispersive surface free energies were consistent with the calculated free energies, verifying the adequacy of the developed models. A 20% substitution of the polymeric chain termini by their oxidized variants was observed in the experimentally obtained plasma-modified polyurethane surface, indicating the surface saturation with oxygen-containing functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chytrosz-Wrobel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drozdz
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Faculty
of Physics Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubisiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department
of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical
College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baghersad S, Sathish Kumar A, Kipper MJ, Popat K, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds-The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050269. [PMID: 37233379 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathology of cardiac diseases and develop therapeutic strategies for heart failure patients. Tissue -engineered cardiac scaffolds should be designed to provide structural, biochemical, mechanical, and/or electrical properties similar to native myocardium tissues. This review primarily focuses on the mechanical behaviors of cardiac scaffolds and their significance in cardiac research. Specifically, we summarize the recent development of synthetic (including hydrogel) scaffolds that have achieved various types of mechanical behavior-nonlinear elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity-all of which are characteristic of the myocardium and heart valves. For each type of mechanical behavior, we review the current fabrication methods to enable the biomimetic mechanical behavior, the advantages and limitations of the existing scaffolds, and how the mechanical environment affects biological responses and/or treatment outcomes for cardiac diseases. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of mechanical control over cardiac function and inspire better regenerative therapies for myocardial restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Baghersad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Abinaya Sathish Kumar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul Popat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh S, Kumar Paswan K, Kumar A, Gupta V, Sonker M, Ashhar Khan M, Kumar A, Shreyash N. Recent Advancements in Polyurethane-based Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:327-348. [PMID: 36719800 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, polyurethane-based implants have gained significant traction because of their high compatibility and inertness. The implants therefore show fewer side effects and lasts longer. Also, the mechanical properties can be tuned and morphed into a particular shape, owing to which polyurethanes show immense versatility. In the last 3 years, scientists have devised methods to enhance the strength of and induce dynamic properties in polyurethanes, and these developments offer an immense opportunity to use them in tissue engineering. The focus of this review is on applications of polyurethane implants for biomedical application with detailed analysis of hard tissue implants like bone tissues and soft tissues like cartilage, muscles, skeletal tissues, and blood vessels. The synthetic routes for the preparation of scaffolds have been discussed to gain a better understanding of the issues that arise regarding toxicity. The focus here is also on concerns regarding the biocompatibility of the implants, given that the precursors and byproducts are poisonous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukriti Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Karan Kumar Paswan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Vishwas Gupta
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Mubarakpur Mukhatiya, Uttar Pradesh 229304, India
| | - Muskan Sonker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mohd Ashhar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Amrit Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panipat Refinery, Panipat, Odisha 132140, India
| | - Nehil Shreyash
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Zhu L, Wang X, Xiao J. Insight into Heart-Tailored Architectures of Hydrogel to Restore Cardiac Functions after Myocardial Infarction. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:57-81. [PMID: 36413809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With permanent heart muscle injury or death, myocardial infarction (MI) is complicated by inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases from both the early ischemic period and subsequent infarct expansion. Though in situ re-establishment of blood flow to the infarct zone and delays of the ventricular remodeling process are current treatment options of MI, they fail to address massive loss of viable cardiomyocytes while transplanting stem cells to regenerate heart is hindered by their poor retention in the infarct bed. Equipped with heart-specific mimicry and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like functionality on the network structure, hydrogels leveraging tissue-matching biomechanics and biocompatibility can mechanically constrain the infarct and act as localized transport of bioactive ingredients to refresh the dysfunctional heart under the constant cyclic stress. Given diverse characteristics of hydrogel including conductivity, anisotropy, adhesiveness, biodegradability, self-healing and mechanical properties driving local cardiac repair, we aim to investigate and conclude the dynamic balance between ordered architectures of hydrogels and the post-MI pathological milieu. Additionally, our review summarizes advantages of heart-tailored architectures of hydrogels in cardiac repair following MI. Finally, we propose challenges and prospects in clinical translation of hydrogels to draw theoretical guidance on cardiac repair and regeneration after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hangzhou Medical College, Binjiang Higher Education Park, Binwen Road 481, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carotenuto F, Politi S, Ul Haq A, De Matteis F, Tamburri E, Terranova ML, Teodori L, Pasquo A, Di Nardo P. From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050780. [PMID: 35630247 PMCID: PMC9144100 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Failure of tissues and organs resulting from degenerative diseases or trauma has caused huge economic and health concerns around the world. Tissue engineering represents the only possibility to revert this scenario owing to its potential to regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs. In a regeneration strategy, biomaterials play a key role promoting new tissue formation by providing adequate space for cell accommodation and appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues to support cell proliferation and differentiation. Among other physical cues, the architectural features of the biomaterial as a kind of instructive stimuli can influence cellular behaviors and guide cells towards a specific tissue organization. Thus, the optimization of biomaterial micro/nano architecture, through different manufacturing techniques, is a crucial strategy for a successful regenerative therapy. Over the last decades, many micro/nanostructured biomaterials have been developed to mimic the defined structure of ECM of various soft and hard tissues. This review intends to provide an overview of the relevant studies on micro/nanostructured scaffolds created for soft and hard tissue regeneration and highlights their biological effects, with a particular focus on striated muscle, cartilage, and bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
| | - Sara Politi
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Arsalan Ul Haq
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tamburri
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Terranova
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Teodori
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Alessandra Pasquo
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, CR Frascati, 00044 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università Degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (E.T.); (M.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elastomer–Hydrogel Systems: From Bio-Inspired Interfaces to Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091822. [PMID: 35566990 PMCID: PMC9104885 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel advanced biomaterials have recently gained great attention, especially in minimally invasive surgical techniques. By applying sophisticated design and engineering methods, various elastomer–hydrogel systems (EHS) with outstanding performance have been developed in the last decades. These systems composed of elastomers and hydrogels are very attractive due to their high biocompatibility, injectability, controlled porosity and often antimicrobial properties. Moreover, their elastomeric properties and bioadhesiveness are making them suitable for soft tissue engineering. Herein, we present the advances in the current state-of-the-art design principles and strategies for strong interface formation inspired by nature (bio-inspiration), the diverse properties and applications of elastomer–hydrogel systems in different medical fields, in particular, in tissue engineering. The functionalities of these systems, including adhesive properties, injectability, antimicrobial properties and degradability, applicable to tissue engineering will be discussed in a context of future efforts towards the development of advanced biomaterials.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chansoria P, Etter EL, Nguyen J. Regenerating dynamic organs using biomimetic patches. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:338-353. [PMID: 34412924 PMCID: PMC8831394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of dynamic organs remains challenging because they are intrinsically anisotropic and undergo large volumetric deformation during normal or pathological function. This hampers the durability and applicability of regenerative medicine approaches. To address the challenges of organ dynamics, a new class of patches have emerged with anisotropic and auxetic properties that mimic native tissue biomechanics and accommodate volumetric deformation. Here, we outline the critical design, materials, and processing considerations for achieving optimal patch biomechanics according to target pathology and summarize recent advances in biomimetic patches for dynamic organ regeneration. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities which, if overcome, would open up new applications in organ regeneration and expedite the clinical translation of patch-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliane Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu C, Hong Y. Rational design of biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes for tissue repair. Bioact Mater 2021; 15:250-271. [PMID: 35386346 PMCID: PMC8940769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
9
|
Shirzad M, Zolfagharian A, Matbouei A, Bodaghi M. Design, evaluation, and optimization of 3D printed truss scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104594. [PMID: 34029944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of tissue engineering's main goals is to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with interconnected pores to reconstruct and regenerate damaged or deformed tissues and organs. In this regard, 3D printing is a promising technique for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds, which can precisely make predetermined and complicated architectures. This study aims to investigate and optimize the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of 3D truss architecture tissue scaffolds with different pore geometries. The mechanical properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) scaffolds are analysed experimentally and numerically. Furthermore, the mechanical and physical properties of scaffolds are optimized with response surface methodology (RSM), and cell adhesion of the 3D truss scaffold studies. Results demonstrate that mechanical properties of the simple and gradient scaffolds have different mechanical behaviors that are strongly correlated with pore size and their architectures, rather than merely the values of the porosity. It is also observed that the RSM technique can enable designers to enhance mechanical and physical properties of scaffolds at low cost. Moreover, the results of biological behaviour can endorse the reliability of 3D truss architecture in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shirzad
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - A Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - A Matbouei
- Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeinali R, del Valle LJ, Torras J, Puiggalí J. Recent Progress on Biodegradable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Prepared by Thermally-Induced Phase Separation (TIPS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073504. [PMID: 33800709 PMCID: PMC8036748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous biodegradable scaffolds provide a physical substrate for cells allowing them to attach, proliferate and guide the formation of new tissues. A variety of techniques have been developed to fabricate tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, among them the most relevant is the thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS). This technique has been widely used in recent years to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) TE scaffolds. Low production cost, simple experimental procedure and easy processability together with the capability to produce highly porous scaffolds with controllable architecture justify the popularity of TIPS. This paper provides a general overview of the TIPS methodology applied for the preparation of 3D porous TE scaffolds. The recent advances in the fabrication of porous scaffolds through this technique, in terms of technology and material selection, have been reviewed. In addition, how properties can be effectively modified to serve as ideal substrates for specific target cells has been specifically addressed. Additionally, examples are offered with respect to changes of TIPS procedure parameters, the combination of TIPS with other techniques and innovations in polymer or filler selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zeinali
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.d.V.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.P.); Tel.: +34-93-401-1620 (R.Z.); +34-93-401-5649 (J.P.)
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.d.V.); (J.T.)
| | - Joan Torras
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.d.V.); (J.T.)
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (L.J.d.V.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, c/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.P.); Tel.: +34-93-401-1620 (R.Z.); +34-93-401-5649 (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|