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Chen K, Yadav S, Cao YH, Dao V, Li Y, Uthirakumar P, Chen J, Zhao Y, Lee IH. Designing a Novel C 3-Fe-N Interface Local Coordination Microenvironment for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406658. [PMID: 39302004 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Developing single-atomic electrocatalysts (SACs) with high activity and stability for electrocatalytic water-splitting has been challenging. Moreover, the practical utilization of SACs is still far from meeting the the theoretical prediction. Herein a facile and easy scale-up fabrication method is proposed for designing a novel carbon-iron-nitrogen (C-Fe-N) electrocatalyst with a single atom electron bridge (C-Fe-N SAEBs), which exhibits lower overpotential and impedance than previously reported electrocatalysts. 0.8-C-Fe-N SAEBs exhibits significant activity and excellent stability in the bi-functional decomposition of water. The excellent performance of the C-Fe-N SAEBs electrocatalyst can be attributed to the strong coupling effect at the interface owing to the formation of a single atom C3-Fe-N local coordination microenvironment at the interface, which enhance the exposure of active sites and charge transfer, and reduced the adsorption energy barrier of intermediates. Theoretical calculation and synchrotron radiation analysis are performed to understand the mechanistic insights behind the experimental results. The results reveal that the active C3-Fe-N local coordination microenvironment at the interface not only improves water-splitting behavior but also provides a deeper understanding of local-interface geometry/electronic structure for improving the electrocatalytic activity. Thus, the proposed electrocatalyst, as well as the mechanistic insights into its properties, presents a significant stride toward practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Sunny Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hua Cao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Vandung Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Periyayya Uthirakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liu D, Kuang Y. Particle-Based Photoelectrodes for PEC Water Splitting: Concepts and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311692. [PMID: 38619834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, specifically focusing on the design, fabrication, and optimization of particle-based photoelectrodes for efficient green hydrogen production. These photoelectrodes, composed of semiconductor materials, potentially harness light energy and generate charge carriers, driving water oxidation and reduction reactions. The versatility of particle-based photoelectrodes as a platform for investigating and enhancing various semiconductor candidates is explored, particularly the emerging complex oxides with compelling charge transfer properties. However, the challenges presented by many factors influencing the performance and stability of these photoelectrodes, including particle size, shape, composition, morphology, surface modification, and electrode configuration, are highlighted. The review introduces the fundamental principles of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, presents an exhaustive overview of different synthesis methods for semiconductor powders and their assembly into photoelectrodes, and discusses recent advances and challenges in photoelectrode material development. It concludes by offering promising strategies for improving photoelectrode performance and stability, such as the adoption of novel architectures and heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yongbo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A)Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Wei S, Xia X, Bi S, Hu S, Wu X, Hsu HY, Zou X, Huang K, Zhang DW, Sun Q, Bard AJ, Yu ET, Ji L. Metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6860-6916. [PMID: 38833171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a scalable and integrated platform to harness renewable solar energy for green hydrogen production. The practical implementation of PEC systems hinges on addressing three critical challenges: enhancing energy conversion efficiency, ensuring long-term stability, and achieving economic viability. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction photoelectrodes have gained significant attention over the last decade for their ability to efficiently segregate photogenerated carriers and mitigate corrosion-induced semiconductor degradation. This review discusses the structural composition and interfacial intricacies of MIS photoelectrodes tailored for PEC water splitting. The application of MIS heterostructures across various semiconductor light-absorbing layers, including traditional photovoltaic-grade semiconductors, metal oxides, and emerging materials, is presented first. Subsequently, this review elucidates the reaction mechanisms and respective merits of vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques in the fabrication of the insulator layers. In the context of the metal layers, this review extends beyond the conventional scope, not only by introducing metal-based cocatalysts, but also by exploring the latest advancements in molecular and single-atom catalysts integrated within MIS photoelectrodes. Furthermore, a systematic summary of carrier transfer mechanisms and interface design principles of MIS photoelectrodes is presented, which are pivotal for optimizing energy band alignment and enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency within the PEC system. Finally, this review explores innovative derivative configurations of MIS photoelectrodes, including back-illuminated MIS photoelectrodes, inverted MIS photoelectrodes, tandem MIS photoelectrodes, and monolithically integrated wireless MIS photoelectrodes. These novel architectures address the limitations of traditional MIS structures by effectively coupling different functional modules, minimizing optical and ohmic losses, and mitigating recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shice Wei
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuewen Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuai Bi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - David W Zhang
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qinqqing Sun
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
| | - Li Ji
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Yang R, Xiao S, Zhang J, Tang S, Xu R, Tong Y. Hematite Hollow-Sphere-Array Photoanodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310752. [PMID: 38345256 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Constructing 3D nanophotonic structures is regarded as an effective method to realize efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion. These photonic structures can enhance the absorbance of photoelectrodes by the light trapping effect, promote the charge separation by designable charge transport pathway and provide a high specific surface area for catalytic reaction. However, most 3D structures reported so far mainly focused on the influence of light absorption and lacked a systematic investigation of the overall water splitting process. Herein, hematite hollow-sphere-array photoanodes are fabricated through a facile hydrothermal method with polystyrene templates. Validating by simulations and experiments, the hollow sphere array is proved to enhance the efficiency of light harvesting, charge separation and surface reaction at the same time. With an additional annealing treatment in oxygen, a photocurrent density of 2.26 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode can be obtained, which is 3.70 times larger than that with a planar structure in otherwise the same system. This work gains an insight into the photoelectrochemical water splitting process, which is valuable for the further design of advancing solar driven water splitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongge Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology (iLaT) and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Songtao Tang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruimei Xu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Govind Rajan A, Martirez JMP, Carter EA. Strongly facet-dependent activity of iron-doped β-nickel oxyhydroxide for the oxygen evolution reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14721-14733. [PMID: 38716632 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe)-doped β-nickel oxyhydroxide (β-NiOOH) is a highly active, noble-metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with the latter being the bottleneck in electrochemical water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production. The mechanisms underlying how the Fe dopant modulates this host material's water electro-oxidation activity are still not entirely clear. Here, we combine hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and Hubbard-corrected DFT to investigate the OER activity of the most thermodynamically favorable (and therefore, expected to be the majority) crystallographic facets of β-NiOOH, namely (0001) and (101̄0). By considering active sites involving both oxidation and reduction of the transition-metal active center during the redox cycle on these two different facets, we show that six-fold-lattice-coordinated Fe in β-NiOOH is redox inactive towards both oxidation and reduction while five-fold-lattice-coordinated Fe in β-NiOOH does exhibit redox activity. However, the determined redox activity of Fe (or lack of it) is not indicative of good (or bad) performance as a dopant on these two facets. Three of the four active sites investigated (oxo and hydroxo sites on (0001) and a hydrated site on (101̄0)) exhibit only a marginal (<0.1 V) decrease or increase in the thermodynamic overpotential upon doping with Fe. Only one of the redox-active sites investigated, the hydroxo site on (101̄0), exhibits a large attenuation in the thermodynamic overpotential upon doping (to ∼0.52 V from 0.86 V), although the doped overpotential is larger than that observed experimentally for Fe-doped NiOOH. Thus, although pure β-NiOOH facets containing four-, five-, or six-fold lattice-coordinated Ni sites have roughly equal OER activities, yielding similar OER onset potentials (shown in A. Govind Rajan, J. M. P. Martirez and E. A. Carter, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 3600-3612), only those facets containing four-fold lattice-coordinated Fe (e.g., as shown in J. M. P. Martirez and E. A. Carter, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2019, 141, 693-705) would be active under analogous conditions for the Fe-doped material. It follows that, while undoped β-NiOOH demonstrates a roughly facet-independent oxygen evolution activity, the activity of Fe-doped β-NiOOH strongly depends on the crystallographic facet. Our study further motivates the investigation of strategies for the selective growth of facets with low iron coordination number to enhance the water splitting activity of Fe-doped β-NiOOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, USA
| | | | - Emily A Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6655, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, USA.
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6
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Liu M, Zou W, Cong J, Su N, Qiu S, Hou L. Identifying And Unveiling the Role of Multivalent Metal States for Bidirectional UOR and HER Over Ni, Mo-Trithiocyanuric Based Coordination Polymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302698. [PMID: 37415530 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Urea oxidation reaction (UOR), an ideal alternative to oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has received increasing attention for realizing energy-saving H2 production and relieving pollutant degradation. Normally, most studied Ni-based UOR catalysts pre-oxidate to NiOOH and then act as active sites. However, the unpredictable transformation of the catalyst's structure and its dissolution and leaching, may complicate the accuracy of mechanism studies and limit its further applications. Herein, a novel self-supported bimetallic Mo-Ni-C3 N3 S3 coordination polymers (Mo-NT@NF) with strong metal-ligand interactions and different H2 O/urea adsorption energy are prepared, which realize a bidirectional UOR/hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) reaction pathway. A series of Mo-NT@NF is prepared through a one-step mild solvothermal method and their multivalent metal states and HER/UOR performance relationship is evaluated. Combining catalytic kinetics, in situ electrochemical spectroscopic characterization, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, a bidirectional catalytic pathway is proposed by N, S-anchored Mo5+ and reconstruction-free Ni3+ sites for catalytic active center of HER and UOR, respectively. The effective anchoring of the metal sites and the fast transfer of the intermediate H* by N and S in the ligand C3 N3 S3 H3 further contribute to the fast kinetic catalysis. Ultimately, the coupled HER||UOR system with Mo-NT@NF as the electrodes can achieve energy-efficient overall-urea electrolysis for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Wenhong Zou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Nan Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Silong Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, P. R. China
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7
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Bunting RJ, Caffrey NM. The effects of polymorphism and lithium intercalation on the hydrogen evolution reaction for the basal planes of MoS2. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144703. [PMID: 37811822 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of Li-intercalated MoS2 phases for the hydrogen evolution reaction is investigated using density functional theory. The most stable semiconducting 2H phase, the metallic 1T' phase, and a polymorphous surface composed of alternating H and T' phases (1T″) are investigated. The local structure of the MoS2 surface is found to define its reactivity. In all cases, active sites for the hydrogen evolution process are restricted to T-like sulphur sites. Li-intercalation is found to promote hydrogen evolution reaction reactivity for the H phase whilst having little effect on the T phase. While improved compared to the non-intercalated phase, the Li-intercalated H phase MoS2 still has minimal activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The same effect of intercalation is also found for another transition metal dichalcogenide, MoSe2. The ability to improve reactivity in this way makes ion intercalation a promising space for designing new 2D catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys J Bunting
- School of Physics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nuala M Caffrey
- School of Physics, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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8
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Seal A, Tiwari U, Gupta A, Govind Rajan A. Incorporating ion-specific van der Waals and soft repulsive interactions in the Poisson-Boltzmann theory of electrical double layers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21708-21722. [PMID: 37551893 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrical double layers (EDLs) arise when an electrolyte is in contact with a charged surface, and are encountered in several application areas including batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalytic reactors, and colloids. Over the last century, the development of Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) models and their modified versions have provided significant physical insight into the structure and dynamics of the EDL. Incorporation of physics such as finite-ion-size effects, dielectric decrement, and ion-ion correlations has made such models increasingly accurate when compared to more computationally expensive approaches such as molecular simulations and classical density functional theory. However, a prominent knowledge gap has been the exclusion of van der Waals (vdW) and soft repulsive interactions in modified PB models. Although short-ranged as compared to electrostatic interactions, we show here that vdW and soft repulsive interactions can play an important role in determining the structure of the EDL via the formation of a Stern layer and in modulating the differential capacitance of an electrode in an electrolyte. To this end, we incorporate ion-ion and wall-ion vdW attraction and soft repulsion via a 12-6 Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, resulting in a modified PB-LJ approach. The wall-ion LJ interactions were found to have a significant effect on the electrical potential and concentration profiles, especially close to the wall. However, ion-ion LJ interactions do not affect the EDL structure at low bulk ion concentrations (<1 M). We also derive dimensionless numbers to quantify the impact of ion-ion and wall-ion LJ interactions on the EDL. Furthermore, in the pursuit of capturing ion-specific effects, we apply our model by considering various ions such as Na, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-. We observe how varying parameters such as the electrolyte concentration and electrode potential affect the structure of the EDL due to the competition between ion-specific LJ and electrostatic interactions. Lastly, we show that the inclusion of vdW and soft repulsion interactions, as well as hydration effects, leads to a better qualitative agreement of the PB models with experimental double-layer differential capacitance data. Overall, the modified PB-LJ approach presented herein will lead to more accurate theoretical descriptions of EDLs in various application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Seal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
| | - Utkarsh Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India.
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Zhang Y, Mascaretti L, Melchionna M, Henrotte O, Kment Š, Fornasiero P, Naldoni A. Thermoplasmonic In Situ Fabrication of Nanohybrid Electrocatalysts over Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Enhanced H 2O 2 Electrosynthesis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10205-10216. [PMID: 37560189 PMCID: PMC10407842 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale development of electrochemical cells is currently hindered by the lack of Earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, product selectivity, and interfacial mass transfer. Herein, we developed an electrocatalyst fabrication approach which responds to these requirements by irradiating plasmonic titanium nitride (TiN) nanocubes self-assembled on a carbon gas diffusion layer in the presence of polymeric binders. The localized heating produced upon illumination creates unique conditions for the formation of TiN/F-doped carbon hybrids that show up to nearly 20 times the activity of the pristine electrodes. In alkaline conditions, they exhibit enhanced stability, a maximum H2O2 selectivity of 90%, and achieve a H2O2 productivity of 207 mmol gTiN-1 h-1 at 0.2 V vs RHE. A detailed electrochemical investigation with different electrode arrangements demonstrated the key role of nanocomposite formation to achieve high currents. In particular, an increased TiOxNy surface content promoted a higher H2O2 selectivity, and fluorinated nanocarbons imparted good stability to the electrodes due to their superhydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů
27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Mascaretti
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů
27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research
Unit, INSTM-Trieste, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport
Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Olivier Henrotte
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů
27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Štepan Kment
- Czech
Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Regional Centre of Advanced
Technologies and Materials, Palacký
University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů
27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology
Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research
Unit, INSTM-Trieste, Center for Energy, Environment and Transport
Giacomo Ciamician, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
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10
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Mohamed SK, Bashat AMA, Hassan HMA, Ismail N, El Rouby WMA. Optimizing the performance of Au y/Ni x/TiO 2NTs photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14018-14032. [PMID: 37181514 PMCID: PMC10167675 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Water splitting using photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques is thought to be a potential method for creating green hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. How to create extremely effective electrode materials is a pressing concern in this area. In this work, a series of Nix/TiO2 anodized nanotubes (NTs) and Auy/Nix/TiO2NTs photoanodes were prepared by electrodeposition via cyclic voltammetry and UV-photoreduction, respectively. The photoanodes were characterized by several structural, morphological, and optical techniques and their performance in PEC water-splitting for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under simulated solar light was investigated. The obtained results revealed the nanotubular structure of TiO2NTs was preserved after deposition of NiO and Au nanoparticles while the band gap energy was reduced allowing for effective utilization of solar light with lower charge recombination rate. The PEC performance was monitored and it was found that the photocurrent densities of Ni20/TiO2NTs and Au30/Ni20/TiO2NTs were 1.75-fold and 3.25-fold that of pristine TiO2NTs, respectively. It was confirmed that the performance of the photoanodes depends on the number of electrodeposition cycles and duration of photoreduction of gold salt solution. The observed enhanced OER activity of Au30/Ni20/TiO2NTs could be attributed to the synergism between the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of nanometric gold which increased solar light harvesting and the p-n heterojunction formed at the NiO/TiO2 interface which led to better charge separation and transportation suggesting its potential application as an efficient and stable photoanode in PEC water splitting for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa K Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University 43518 Suez Egypt
| | - Amany M A Bashat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University 43518 Suez Egypt
| | - Hassan M A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University 43518 Suez Egypt
| | - Nahla Ismail
- Physical Chemistry Department, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Renewable Energy Group, National Research Centre Dokki 12311 Giza Egypt
| | - Waleed M A El Rouby
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni-Suef University 62511 Beni-Suef Egypt
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11
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Electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions: Role of two-dimensional layered materials and their composites. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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12
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Nayem SA, Islam S, Aziz MA, Ahammad AS. Mechanistic insight into hydrothermally prepared molybdenum-based electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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13
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Fu Z, Onishi H. Infrared and Near-Infrared Spectrometry of Anatase and Rutile Particles Bandgap Excited in Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:321-327. [PMID: 36542796 PMCID: PMC9841978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conversion of materials is completed in milliseconds or seconds by assembling atoms over semiconductor photocatalysts. Bandgap-excited electrons and holes reactive on this time scale are key to efficient atom assembly to yield the desired products. In this study, attenuated total reflection of infrared and near-infrared light was applied to characterize and quantify the electronic absorption of TiO2 photocatalysts excited in liquid. Nanoparticles of rutile or anatase were placed on a diamond prism, covered with liquid, and irradiated by steady UV light through the prism. Electrons excited in rutile particles (JRC-TIO-6) formed small polarons characterized by a symmetric absorption band spread over 10000-700 cm-1 with a maximum at 6000 cm-1. Electrons in anatase particles (JRC-TIO-7) created large polarons and produced an asymmetric absorption band that gradually strengthened at wavenumbers below 5000 cm-1 and sharply weakened at 1000 cm-1. The absorption spectrum of large electron polarons in TIO-7 was compared with the absorption reported in a Sr-doped NaTaO3 photocatalyst, and it was suggested that excited electrons were accommodated as large polarons in NaTaO3 photocatalysts efficient for artificial photosynthesis. UV-light power dependence of the absorption bands was observed in N2-exposed decane liquid to deduce electron-hole recombination kinetics. With light power density P > 200 W m-2 (TIO-6) and 2000 W m-2 (TIO-7), the polaron absorptions were enhanced with absorbance being proportional to P1/2. The observed 1/2-order power law suggested recombination of multiple electrons and holes randomly moving in each particle. Upon excitation with smaller P, the power-law order increased to unity. The unity-order power law was interpreted with recombination of an electron and a hole that were excited by the same photon. In addition, an average lifetime of 1 ms was estimated with electron polarons in TIO-6 when weakly excited at P = 20 W m-2 to simulate solar-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhebin Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo657-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo657-8501, Japan
- Division
of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute
for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi444-8585, Japan
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14
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Chemical Kinetics of Serial Processes for Photogenerated Charges at Semiconductor Surface: A Classical Theoretical Calculation. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Mokhtari A, Yavari A, Khatamian M, Sadeghi E, Peighambardoust NS, Aydemir U. Facile synthesis of graphene quantum dots/ZSM-5 type metalosilicate composites and evaluating their performance in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and electrochemical water splitting. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Wang D, Hu W, Reinhart BJ, Zhang X, Huang J. Tuning the Charge Transport Property and Photocatalytic Activity of Anthracene-Based 1D π-d Conjugated Coordination Polymers by Interlayer Stacking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42171-42177. [PMID: 36095162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) π-d-conjugated coordination polymers (CCPs) with charge delocalization have attracted significant attention due to their potential application in energy conversion and storage. However, the fundamental understanding of the correlation of their structural parameters with photophysical and photocatalytic properties remains underexplored. Herein, we report three novel Cu-node anthracene-based 1D π-d CCPs with systematic variation of steric groups (Ph > Me > H) at the 9 and 10 position of anthracene (denoted as AnPh, AnMe, and AnH), which is aimed at altering the stacking of the polymer chains and its impact on the inter-chain charge transport property. Using the combination of steady-state X-ray absorption spectroscopy, optical transient absorption spectroscopy, X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we show that the linear ligands (AnPh, AnMe, and AnH) with different degrees of steric groups (Ph > Me > H) introduced at the 9 and 10 position of anthracene can alter the stacking of the polymer chains and thus impact their crystallinity, charge separation, and charge transport property, which in turn impacts their photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee 53201, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee 53201, United States
| | - Benjamin J Reinhart
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee 53201, United States
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17
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Mai H, Le TC, Chen D, Winkler DA, Caruso RA. Machine Learning for Electrocatalyst and Photocatalyst Design and Discovery. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13478-13515. [PMID: 35862246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts and photocatalysts are key to a sustainable future, generating clean fuels, reducing the impact of global warming, and providing solutions to environmental pollution. Improved processes for catalyst design and a better understanding of electro/photocatalytic processes are essential for improving catalyst effectiveness. Recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence have great potential to accelerate electrocatalysis and photocatalysis research, particularly the rapid exploration of large materials chemistry spaces through machine learning. Here a comprehensive introduction to, and critical review of, machine learning techniques used in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis research are provided. Sources of electro/photocatalyst data and current approaches to representing these materials by mathematical features are described, the most commonly used machine learning methods summarized, and the quality and utility of electro/photocatalyst models evaluated. Illustrations of how machine learning models are applied to novel electro/photocatalyst discovery and used to elucidate electrocatalytic or photocatalytic reaction mechanisms are provided. The review offers a guide for materials scientists on the selection of machine learning methods for electrocatalysis and photocatalysis research. The application of machine learning to catalysis science represents a paradigm shift in the way advanced, next-generation catalysts will be designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Mai
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Tu C Le
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Dehong Chen
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Victoria 3042, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A Caruso
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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18
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Deng J, Li Y, Xiao Y, Feng K, Lu C, Nie K, Lv X, Xu H, Zhong J. Improved Water Oxidation of Fe 2O 3/Fe 2TiO 5 Photoanode by Functionalizing with a Hydrophilic Organic Hole Storage Overlayer. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiujun Deng
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kun Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kaiqi Nie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxin Lv
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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19
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Chatenet M, Pollet BG, Dekel DR, Dionigi F, Deseure J, Millet P, Braatz RD, Bazant MZ, Eikerling M, Staffell I, Balcombe P, Shao-Horn Y, Schäfer H. Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4583-4762. [PMID: 35575644 PMCID: PMC9332215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO2 footprint. The viability of water electrolysis still hinges on the availability of durable earth-abundant electrocatalyst materials and the overall process efficiency. This review spans from the fundamentals of electrocatalytically initiated water splitting to the very latest scientific findings from university and institutional research, also covering specifications and special features of the current industrial processes and those processes currently being tested in large-scale applications. Recently developed strategies are described for the optimisation and discovery of active and durable materials for electrodes that ever-increasingly harness first-principles calculations and machine learning. In addition, a technoeconomic analysis of water electrolysis is included that allows an assessment of the extent to which a large-scale implementation of water splitting can help to combat climate change. This review article is intended to cross-pollinate and strengthen efforts from fundamental understanding to technical implementation and to improve the 'junctions' between the field's physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as stimulate much-needed exchange among these groups on challenges encountered in the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Green Hydrogen Lab, Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Fabio Dionigi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Deseure
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering and Management University Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Millet
- Paris-Saclay University, ICMMO (UMR 8182), 91400 Orsay, France
- Elogen, 8 avenue du Parana, 91940 Les Ulis, France
| | - Richard D Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael Eikerling
- Chair of Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Intzestraße 5, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13: Modelling and Simulation of Materials in Energy Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Iain Staffell
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Balcombe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Renewable Energy, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Helmut Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, The Electrochemical Energy and Catalysis Group, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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20
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Snir N, Caspary Toroker M. Simulations to Cover the Waterfront for Iron Oxide Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200025. [PMID: 35044706 PMCID: PMC9303966 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematite has been widely studied for catalytic water splitting, but the role of the interactions between catalytic sites is unknown. In this paper, we calculate the oxygen evolution reaction free energies and the surface adsorption distribution using a combination of density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations to "cover the waterfront," or cover a wide range of properties with a simulation of the hematite surface under working conditions. First, we show that modeling noninteracting catalytic sites provides a poor explanation of hematite's slow reaction kinetics. The interactions between the catalytic site may hinder catalysis through the strong interactions of *OH2 and *OOH intermediates, which cause the reaction to revert back to the *O intermediate. Hence, neighboring interactions may be a possible reason for the abundant, experimentally observed *O intermediate on the surface. This study demonstrates how neighboring sites impact the energy required for catalytic steps, thus providing new avenues to improve catalysis by controlling neighboring site interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Snir
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
| | - Maytal Caspary Toroker
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTechnion - Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy ProgramHaifaIsrael
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21
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Mavrikis S, Göltz M, Rosiwal S, Wang L, Ponce de León C. Carbonate-Induced Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide via Two-Electron Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102137. [PMID: 34935302 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), via the two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e- WOR), is an attractive method for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals in place of oxygen during water electrolysis. While the majority of 2e- WOR studies have focussed on electrocatalyst design, little research has been carried out on the selection of the supporting electrolyte. In this work, we investigate the impact of potassium carbonate (K2 CO3 ) electrolytes, and their key properties, on H2 O2 production. We found that at electrolyte pH values (>9.5) where the carbonate anion (CO3 2- ) was prevalent in the mixture, a 26.5 % increase in the Faraday efficiency (%FE) for H2 O2 production was achieved, compared to bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) dominant solutions. Utilising boron-doped diamond (BDD) in highly concentrated K2 CO3 solutions, current densities of up to 511 mA cm-2 (in 4 m) and %FEs of 91.5 % (in 5 m) could be attained. The results presented in this work highlight the influence of CO3 2- on electrochemical H2 O2 generation via the 2e- WOR and provide novel pathways to produce desirable commodities at the anode during electrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Mavrikis
- Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Energy Technology Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Göltz
- Materials Science and Engineering for Metals, Faculty of Engineering Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rosiwal
- Materials Science and Engineering for Metals, Faculty of Engineering Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ling Wang
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Ponce de León
- Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Energy Technology Research Group Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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22
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Liu Y, Smith RDL. Differentiating Defects and Their Influence on Hematite Photoanodes Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Raman Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6615-6624. [PMID: 35099916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A high degree of variability in behavior and performance of hematite as photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction signifies a need to improve our understanding of the interplay between defects and photoelectrochemical performance. We approach this problem by applying structure-property analysis to a series of hematite samples synthesized under either O2 or N2 environments such that they exhibit highly variable performance for photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution. X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy provide parameters describing the structure of samples across the series. Systematic comparisons of these parameters to those describing photoelectrochemical performance reveal different defects in samples prepared under N2 or O2. Distinct correlations between both the iron oxidation state and charge carrier density with photoelectrocatalytic performance lead to assignment of the primary defects as oxygen vacancies (N2) and iron vacancies (O2). Differences in the structural distortions caused by these defects are seen in correlations between short-range structural parameters and photoelectrochemical behavior. These distortions are readily observed by Raman spectroscopy, suggesting that it may be possible to calibrate the width, energy, and intensity of peaks in Raman spectra to enable direct analysis of defects in hematite photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rodney D L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Bajaj A, Kulik HJ. Eliminating Delocalization Error to Improve Heterogeneous Catalysis Predictions with Molecular DFT + U. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1142-1155. [PMID: 35081711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximate semilocal density functional theory (DFT) is known to underestimate surface formation energies yet paradoxically overbind adsorbates on catalytic transition-metal oxide surfaces due to delocalization error. The low-cost DFT + U approach only improves surface formation energies for early transition-metal oxides or adsorption energies for late transition-metal oxides. In this work, we demonstrate that this inefficacy arises due to the conventional usage of metal-centered atomic orbitals as projectors within DFT + U. We analyze electron density rearrangement during surface formation and O atom adsorption on rutile transition-metal oxides to highlight that a standard DFT + U correction fails to tune properties when the corresponding density rearrangement is highly delocalized across both metal and oxygen sites. To improve both surface properties simultaneously while retaining the simplicity of a single-site DFT + U correction, we systematically construct multi-atom-centered molecular-orbital-like projectors for DFT + U. We demonstrate this molecular DFT + U approach for tuning adsorption energies and surface formation energies of minimal two-dimensional models of representative early (i.e., TiO2) and late (i.e., PtO2) transition-metal oxides. Molecular DFT + U simultaneously corrects adsorption energies and surface formation energies of multilayer models of rutile TiO2(110) and PtO2(110) to resolve the paradoxical description of surface stability and surface reactivity of semilocal DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bajaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Ahn J, Park YS, Lee S, Yang J, Pyo J, Lee J, Kim GH, Choi SM, Seol SK. 3D-printed NiFe-layered double hydroxide pyramid electrodes for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:346. [PMID: 35013468 PMCID: PMC8748972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting has been considered one of the most promising methods of hydrogen production, which does not cause environmental pollution or greenhouse gas emissions. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a significant step for highly efficient water splitting because OER involves the four electron transfer, overcoming the associated energy barrier that demands a potential greater than that required by hydrogen evolution reaction. Therefore, an OER electrocatalyst with large surface area and high conductivity is needed to increase the OER activity. In this work, we demonstrated an effective strategy to produce a highly active three-dimensional (3D)-printed NiFe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) pyramid electrode for OER using a three-step method, which involves direct-ink-writing of a graphene pyramid array and electrodeposition of a copper conducive layer and NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst layer on printed pyramids. The 3D pyramid structures with NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst layers increased the surface area and the active sites of the electrode and improved the OER activity. The overpotential (η) and exchange current density (i0) of the NiFe-LDH pyramid electrode were further improved compared to that of the NiFe-LDH deposited Cu (NiFe-LDH/Cu) foil electrode with the same base area. The 3D-printed NiFe-LDH electrode also exhibited excellent durability without potential decay for 60 h. Our 3D printing strategy provides an effective approach for the fabrication of highly active, stable, and low-cost OER electrocatalyst electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuck Ahn
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Electro-functional Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon-si, 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sei Park
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon-si, 642831, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juchan Yang
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon-si, 642831, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Pyo
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon-si, 642831, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Han Kim
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon-si, 642831, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mook Choi
- Department of Energy and Electronic Materials, Surface Materials Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon-si, 642831, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Kwon Seol
- Smart 3D Printing Research Team, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. .,Electro-functional Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Changwon-si, 51543, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Xu L, Meng J, Wang J, Wang L, Li Q. Hybrid density functional study on band structure engineering of ZnS(110) surface by anion–cation codoping for overall water splitting. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The (Ru + C)-codoped ZnS(110) surface is predicted to be a potential candidate for solar-driven water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qunxiang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Li Y, Chen Y, Wu Q, Zhang R, Li M, Lin Y, Wang D, Xie T. Revealing long-lived electron–hole migration in core–shell α/γ-Fe2O3/FCP for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01628h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A γ/α-Fe2O3/FCP photoanode with rapid interfacial hole injection and long-lived charge separation states (∼50.64 ps) showed that the synergistic effect of a phase junction and FeCo Prussian blue (FCP) could optimize the kinetics in water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qiannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhong Lin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tengfeng Xie
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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27
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Liccardo L, Lushaj E, Dal Compare L, Moretti E, Vomiero A. Nanoscale ZnO/α‐Fe
2
O
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Heterostructures: Toward Efficient and Low‐Cost Photoanodes for Water Splitting. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Liccardo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Edlind Lushaj
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Laura Dal Compare
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Elisa Moretti
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Alberto Vomiero
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Ca’ Foscari University of Venice Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
- Division of Materials Science Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Luleå University of Technology 97187 Luleå Sweden
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28
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Abdul Nasir J, Munir A, Ahmad N, Haq TU, Khan Z, Rehman Z. Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting: Recent Advances in Theory and Experiments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105195. [PMID: 34617345 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting is considered one of the most important and appealing approaches for the production of green H2 to address the global energy demand. The utmost possible form of artificial photosynthesis is a two-step photoexcitation known as "Z-scheme", which mimics the natural photosystem. This process solely relies on the effective coupling and suitable band positions of semiconductors (SCs) and redox mediators for the purpose to catalyze the surface chemical reactions and significantly deter the backward reaction. In recent years, the Z-scheme strategies and their key role have been studied progressively through experimental approaches. In addition, theoretical studies based on density functional theory have provided detailed insight into the mechanistic aspects of some breathtakingly complex problems associated with hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. In this context, this critical review gives an overview of the fundamentals of Z-scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, and suggests future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, 1 Km, main Daska road, Sialkot, Punjab, 51310, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- University of Swat. Charbagh, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ul Haq
- Sustainable Energy Engineering, Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363-8202, USA
| | - Zaibunisa Khan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ziaur Rehman
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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29
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Rong J, Wang Z, Lv J, Fan M, Chong R, Chang Z. Ni(OH)2 quantum dots as a stable cocatalyst modified α-Fe2O3 for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Govind Rajan A, Martirez JMP, Carter EA. Coupled Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and pH on Water Oxidation Thermodynamics and Kinetics. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
| | - John Mark P. Martirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, United States
| | - Emily A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, United States
- Office of the Chancellor, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951405, Los Angeles, California 90095-1405, United States
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31
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Over H. Fundamental Studies of Planar Single-Crystalline Oxide Model Electrodes (RuO2, IrO2) for Acidic Water Splitting. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Over
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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32
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A Review of Recent Developments in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Process. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide a short overview of the Molecular Dynamics (MD) method and how it can be used to model the water splitting process in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We cover classical non-reactive and reactive MD techniques as well as multiscale extensions combining classical MD with quantum chemical and continuum methods. Selected examples of MD investigations of various aqueous semiconductor interfaces with a special focus on TiO2 are discussed. Finally, we identify gaps in the current state-of-the-art where further developments will be needed for better utilization of MD techniques in the field of water splitting.
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33
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Research Progress on Catalytic Water Splitting Based on Polyoxometalate/Semiconductor Composites. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to the impact of global warming, environmental pollution, and the energy crisis, international attention and demand for clean energy are increasing. Hydrogen energy is recognized as one of the clean energy sources. Water is considered as the largest potential supplier of hydrogen energy. However, artificial catalytic water splitting for hydrogen and oxygen evolution has not been widely used due to its high energy consumption and high cost during catalytic cracking. Therefore, the exploitation of photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and photo-electrocatalysts for rapid, cost effective, and reliable water splitting is essentially needed. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are regarded as the potential candidates for water splitting catalysis. In addition to their excellent catalytic properties and reversibly redox activities, POMs can also modify semiconductors to overcome their shortcomings, and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and photocatalytic activity, which has attracted more and more attention in the field of photoelectric water splitting catalysis. In this review, we summarize the latest applications of POMs and semiconductor composites in the field of photo-electrocatalysis (PEC) for hydrogen and oxygen evolution by catalytic water splitting in recent years and take the latest applications of POMs and semiconductor composites in photocatalysis for water splitting. In the conclusion section, the challenges and strategies of photocatalytic and PEC water-splitting by POMs and semiconductor composites are discussed.
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34
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Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Liu S. Coaxial Ni-S@N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers Derived Hierarchical Electrodes for Efficient H 2 Production via Urea Electrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3937-3948. [PMID: 33439615 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting into hydrogen is a promising strategy for hydrogen production powered by solar energy. However, the cell voltage of an electrolyzer is still too high for practical application, which is mainly limited by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction process. To this end, hybrid water electrolyzers have drawn tremendous attention. Herein, coaxial Ni/Ni3S2@N-doped nanofibers are directly grown on nickel foam (NF), which is highly active for hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the Ni3S2@N-doped nanofibers on NF prepared in an Ar atmosphere display superior urea oxidation reaction performance to previously reported catalysts. The cell voltage is about 1.50 V in urea electrolysis to deliver a current density of 20 mA cm-2, lower than that of a traditional water electrolyzer (1.82 V). The current density is around 77% relative to its initial value of 20 mA cm-2 after 20 h, superior to Pt/C|Ir/C-based urea electrolysis (14%). It is found that the synergistic effect between metallic Ni and Ni3S2, as well as the interfacial effect between metal centers and N-doped carbon, favors the initial dissociation of H2O and the adsorption/desorption of H* with thermal neutral Gibbs free energy. Meanwhile, the in-situ generated NiOOH on the outer surface of Ni3S2 possessed lower electrochemical activation energy for urea decomposition. Meanwhile, the abundant oxygen vacancies in electrodes could expose more active sites for the adsorption of intermediates, including H* and OOH*. It is also found that the hierarchical nanostructure of densely packed nanowires provides ideal electronic and ionic transport paths for fast electrocatalytic kinetics. The present work indicated that the modulation of compositions and hierarchical nanostructure is effective to prepare efficient catalysts for H2 production via urea electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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35
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Maibam A, Chakraborty D, Joshi K, Krishnamurty S. Exploring edge functionalised blue phosphorene nanoribbons as novel photocatalysts for water splitting. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03950k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1D phosphorene nanoribbon edges activating water molecules under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashakiran Maibam
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Debalina Chakraborty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Krati Joshi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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36
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Gupta A, Govind Rajan A, Carter EA, Stone HA. Ionic Layering and Overcharging in Electrical Double Layers in a Poisson-Boltzmann Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:188004. [PMID: 33196271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.188004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrical double layers (EDLs) play a significant role in a broad range of physical phenomena related to colloidal stability, diffuse-charge dynamics, electrokinetics, and energy storage applications. Recently, it has been suggested that for large ion sizes or multivalent electrolytes, ions can arrange in a layered structure inside the EDLs. However, the widely used Poisson-Boltzmann models for EDLs are unable to capture the details of ion concentration oscillations and the effect of electrolyte valence on such oscillations. Here, by treating a pair of ions as hard spheres below the distance of closest approach and as point charges otherwise, we are able to predict ionic layering without any additional parameters or boundary conditions while still being compatible with the Poisson-Boltzmann framework. Depending on the combination of ion valence, size, and concentration, our model reveals a structured EDL with spatially oscillating ion concentrations. We report the dependence of critical ion concentration, i.e., the ion concentration above which the oscillations are observed, on the counter-ion valence and the ion size. More importantly, our model displays quantitative agreement with the results of computationally intensive models of the EDL. Finally, we analyze the nonequilibrium problem of EDL charging and demonstrate that ionic layering increases the total charge storage capacity and the charging timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Emily A Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Office of the Chancellor, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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37
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The Synergistic Effects of Alloying on the Performance and Stability of Co3Mo and Co7Mo6 for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. HYDROGEN 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal alloys have become a ubiquitous choice as catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. However, scarce and expensive Pt remains the key electrocatalyst in acidic electrolytes, making the search for earth-abundant and cheaper alternatives important. Herein, we present a facile and efficient synthetic route towards polycrystalline Co3Mo and Co7Mo6 alloys. The single-phased nature of the alloys is confirmed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. When electrochemically tested, they achieve competitively low overpotentials of 115 mV (Co3Mo) and 160 mV (Co7Mo6) at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, and 120 mV (Co3Mo) and 160 mV (Co7Mo6) at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. Both alloys outperform Co and Mo metals, which showed significantly higher overpotentials and lower current densities when tested under identical conditions, confirming the synergistic effect of the alloying. However, the low overpotential in Co3Mo comes at the price of stability. It rapidly becomes inactive when tested under applied potential bias. On the other hand, Co7Mo6 retains the current density over time without evidence of current decay. The findings demonstrate that even in free-standing form and without nanostructuring, polycrystalline bimetallic electrocatalysts could challenge the dominance of Pt in acidic media if ways for improving their stability were found.
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