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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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2
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Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) represent promising materials for adsorption separation. ILs incorporated into MOF materials (denoted as IL/MOF composites) have been developed, and IL/MOF composites combine the advantages of MOFs and ILs to achieve enhanced performance in the adsorption-based separation of fluid mixtures. The designed different ILs are introduced into the various MOFs to tailor their functional properties, which affect the optimal adsorptive separation performance. In this Perspective, the rational fabrication of IL/MOF composites is presented, and their functional properties are demonstrated. This paper provides a critical overview of an emergent class of materials termed IL/MOF composites as well as the recent advances in the applications of IL/MOF composites as adsorbents or membranes in fluid separation. Furthermore, the applications of IL/MOF in adsorptive gas separations (CO2 capture from flue gas, natural gas purification, separation of acetylene and ethylene, indoor pollutants removal) and liquid separations (separation of bioactive components, organic-contaminant removal, adsorptive desulfurization, radionuclide removal) are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges of IL/MOF are highlighted, and an appropriate design strategy direction for the effective exploration of new IL/MOF adsorptive materials is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Ruili Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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3
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Deka JR, Saikia D, Tsai HG, Chen K, Kuan W, Hsu H, Kao H, Yang Y. One Pot Synthesis of Cubic Mesoporous Silica KIT‐6 Functionalized with Sulfonic Acid for Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juti Rani Deka
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Taipei university of Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Diganta Saikia
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui‐Hsu Gavin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ke‐Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei‐Hsuan Kuan
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung‐Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien‐Ming Kao
- Department of Chemistry National Central University Chung-Li 32054 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung‐Chin Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Taipei university of Technology Taipei 106 Taiwan, R.O.C
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Ma J, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Green Biodiesel Synthesis: A Minireview. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:700. [PMID: 36421101 PMCID: PMC9687256 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have widespread application prospects in the field of catalysis owing to their functionally adjustable metal sites and adjustable structure. In this minireview, we summarize the current advancements in zirconium-based metal-organic framework (Zr-based MOF) catalysts (including single Zr-based MOFs, modified Zr-based MOFs, and Zr-based MOF derivatives) for green biofuel synthesis. Additionally, the yields, conversions, and reusability of Zr-based MOF catalysts for the production of biodiesel are compared. Finally, the challenges and future prospects regarding Zr-based MOFs and their derivatives for catalytic application in the biorefinery field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Zhang
- College Rural Revitalization Research Center of Guizhou, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- College Rural Revitalization Research Center of Guizhou, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Jingsong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- College Rural Revitalization Research Center of Guizhou, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
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Peng WL, Liu F, Yi X, Sun S, Shi H, Hui Y, Chen W, Yu X, Liu Z, Qin Y, Song L, Zheng A. Structural and Acidic Characteristics of Multiple Zr Defect Sites in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9295-9302. [PMID: 36173737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although defects are prevalent in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and usually play a crucial role in modulating their performance in various applications, detailed structural characterizations of various defects remain a challenging task mainly due to their disordered, heterogeneous, and local nature. In this work, by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR) techniques in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is clearly elucidated that the trimethylphosphine (TMP)-assisted 31P NMR strategy is capable of greatly facilitating the qualitative and quantitative description of the detailed structural and acidic characteristics as well as the evolution process of various Zr defects with subtle distinctions in UiO-66 upon moderate thermal treatment, hence surpassing most conventional analytical techniques. These results offer a fundamental understanding of the defect chemistry in MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Shugang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yu Hui
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yucai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang Q, Hu Y, Li S, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Peng Y, Wang M, Li X, Pan H. Recent advances in supported acid/base ionic liquids as catalysts for biodiesel production. Front Chem 2022; 10:999607. [PMID: 36186604 PMCID: PMC9520055 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.999607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered a potential substitute for fossil diesel because of its unique environmentally friendly and renewable advantages. The efficient and durable heterogeneous catalysts are vital to greenly and efficiently drive the biodiesel production process. The ionic liquid-functionalized materials, possessing the characteristics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, are one of the promising substitutions for conventional homogeneous acid/base catalysts for producing biodiesel. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in supported acid/base ionic liquids to synthesize ionic liquid-functionalized materials for producing biodiesel. The methods of immobilizing ionic liquids on supports were summarized. The merits and demerits of various supports were discussed. The catalytic activities of the ionic liquid-functionalized materials for biodiesel production were reviewed. Finally, we proposed the challenges and future development direction in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yangang Wang, ; Xi Li, ; Hu Pan,
| | - Ziheng Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Peng
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yangang Wang, ; Xi Li, ; Hu Pan,
| | - Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yangang Wang, ; Xi Li, ; Hu Pan,
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7
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Embedding of SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids in mesoporous MIL-101(Cr) through polyoxometalate bridging: A robust heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Bian Y, Liu J, Zhang G, Peng Z, Li C. The Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Functionalized Polymer and its Application in the Esterification Between Methacrylic Acid and Methanol. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Cheng Y, Wang X, Feng L, Zhang X. Hierarchically Ordered Porous Solid Acid: Preparation and Application as a Biodiesel Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
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10
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Alivand MS, Mazaheri O, Wu Y, Zavabeti A, Christofferson AJ, Meftahi N, Russo SP, Stevens GW, Scholes CA, Mumford KA. Engineered assembly of water-dispersible nanocatalysts enables low-cost and green CO 2 capture. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1249. [PMID: 35273166 PMCID: PMC8913730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic solvent regeneration has attracted broad interest owing to its potential to reduce energy consumption in CO2 separation, enabling industry to achieve emission reduction targets of the Paris Climate Accord. Despite recent advances, the development of engineered acidic nanocatalysts with unique characteristics remains a challenge. Herein, we establish a strategy to tailor the physicochemical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the synthesis of water-dispersible core-shell nanocatalysts with ease of use. We demonstrate that functionalized nanoclusters (Fe3O4-COOH) effectively induce missing-linker deficiencies and fabricate mesoporosity during the self-assembly of MOFs. Superacid sites are created by introducing chelating sulfates on the uncoordinated metal clusters, providing high proton donation capability. The obtained nanomaterials drastically reduce the energy consumption of CO2 capture by 44.7% using only 0.1 wt.% nanocatalyst, which is a ∽10-fold improvement in efficiency compared to heterogeneous catalysts. This research represents a new avenue for the next generation of advanced nanomaterials in catalytic solvent regeneration. Catalytic solvent regeneration is of interest to reduce energy consumption in CO2 separation, however, the development of engineered nanocatalysts remains a challenge. Here, a new avenue is presented for the next generation of advanced metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in energy-efficient CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood S Alivand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Omid Mazaheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia.,School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3000, Australia
| | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3000, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3000, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Colin A Scholes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Mumford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Liu T, Jia H, Xia Q, Hong X, Liu G. Brønsted acid-enhanced CoMoS catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brønsted solid acids greatly promote the hydrodeoxygenation activity of CoMoS catalysts through weakening Car–O bonds by protonation of the OH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Tangkang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Xinlin Hong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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12
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Mi J, Peng W, Luo Y, Chen W, Lin L, Chen C, Zhu Q, Liu F, Zheng A, Jiang L. A Cationic Polymerization Strategy to Design Sulfonated Micro–Mesoporous Polymers as Efficient Adsorbents for Ammonia Capture and Separation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenli Peng
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan West 30#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan West 30#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chongqi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiliang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fujian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan West 30#, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Gongye Street 523#, Fuzhou 350002, China
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