1
|
Zhu J, Huo C, Chen J, Ma X, Zhu X, Li Y, Li G, Chen H, Duan X, Han F, Kong H, Zheng F, Jiang A. Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) manganese-based metal-organic framework nanosheets for selective photocatalytic oxidation of thioether. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39248590 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of photocatalysts depends largely on the accessibility of reaction species to the active centre, the electron transfer and geometric matching between the active surface of the catalyst and reaction species. In this work, we successfully synthesized and designed one two-dimensional Mn(II) MOF with [Mn2(H2L1)(H2O)2(DMF)2]n·(CH3CH2OH)n (HSTC 3) by using MnCl2·4H2O and 5,5'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4L1), in which the adjacent layers are stacked with weak interactions, and the huge gap leads to the interpenetration between layers to form a 2D + 2D → 3D interpenetration frame. Based on the particularity of the structure of HSTC 3, ultrasonic wall breaking methods were tried to successfully peel HSTC 3 into nanosheets (HSTC 3-NS), thus achieving a significant improvement in a series of optoelectronic properties due to exposure to more active centres for HSTC 3-NS. These results significantly enhance the photocatalytic selective oxidation of thioether. This study provides a new insight into the post-synthesis modification of MOF photocatalyst and their application in photocatalytic organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, China.
| | - Cuimeng Huo
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Xiaoxing Ma
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, China.
| | - Xiangjun Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Guofang Li
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Haitao Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Xianying Duan
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Fujiao Han
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Hongjun Kong
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Fuwei Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. of China.
| | - Aiyun Jiang
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal S, Mandal S, Mondal S, Midya SP, Ghosh P. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids and their functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9645-9658. [PMID: 39120531 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Visible light mediated decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives has recently emerged as a novel and powerful toolkit for small molecule activation in diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero bond forming reactions. Naturally abundant highly functionalized bench-stable carboxylic acid analogs have been employed as promising alternatives to non-trivial organometallic reagents for mild and eco-benign synthetic transformation with traceless CO2 by-products. In this highlight article, we focus on the development of various photodecarboxylative functionalization strategies along with intra/inter-molecular cyclization via concerted single electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (ET) pathways. Moreover, widely explored carboxylic acids are systematically classified here into four categories; i.e., α-keto, aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, and aromatic analogs for a concise overview to the readership. The association of decarboxylative radical species with coupling partners to construct C-C and C-N/O/S/P/X bonds for each analogous acid has been presented in brief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Subham Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Siba P Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu Q, Zhou D, Yu P, Song C, Ze Tan, Li J. Silver-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Nitrooxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:5856-5861. [PMID: 38950381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a silver-catalyzed decarboxylative nitrooxylation via a radical-based approach. The substrate scope of this reaction prototype extends to nonactivated primary and secondary carboxylic acids. This protocol provides a practical method for the synthesis of an unprecedented family of organic nitrates and exhibits wide functional group compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that a high-valent silver(II) nitrate complex is a versatile NO3 resource pool, allowing for facile C-O bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Donglin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Pingping Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ze Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian D, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang HJ. Modular Access to Functionalized Oxetanes as Benzoyl Bioisosteres. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18011-18018. [PMID: 38905313 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Bioisosterism is a valuable principle exploited in drug discovery to fine-tune physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds. Functionalized 3-aryl oxetanes, as an important class of bioisosteres for benzoyl groups (highly prevalent structures in approved drugs), have been rarely utilized in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals due to significant synthetic challenges. Here, we present a modular synthetic strategy based on the unexplored yet readily available reagents, oxetanyl trichloroacetimidates, inspired by Schmidt glycosylation, enabling easy access to a library of functionalized oxetanes. This operationally simple protocol leverages the vast existing libraries of aryl halides and various nucleophiles. The power and generality of this approach is demonstrated by late-stage functionalization of complex molecules, as well as the rapid synthesis of oxetane analogues of bioactive molecules and marketed drugs. Preliminary mechanistic study suggests that the oxygen atom in the oxetane ring plays a crucial role in stabilizing the carbocation intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu P, Huang X, Wang D, Yi H, Song C, Li J. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling with Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2024:e202402124. [PMID: 38937823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions are powerful tools for carbon-heteroatom bonds formation, but typically require pre-activated carboxylic acids as substrates or heteroelectrophiles as functional groups. Herein, we present an electrochemical decarboxylative cross-coupling of carboxylic acids with structurally diverse fluorine, alcohol, H2O, acid, and amine as nucleophiles. This strategy takes advantage of the ready availability of these building blocks from commercial libraries, as well as the mild and oxidant-free conditions provided by electrochemical system. This reaction demonstrates good functional-group tolerance and its utility in late-stage functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dake Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiakun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Munch M, Mair BA, Adi M, Rotstein BH. Photocatalyzed radiosynthesis of 11C-phenylacetic acids. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:211-216. [PMID: 37941130 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast and straightforward incorporation of radionuclides into pharmaceutically relevant molecules is one of the main barriers to preclinical and clinical tracer research. Late-stage direct incorporation of cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 to afford carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide ready-to-inject positron emission tomography agents in less than an hour. The present work describes photocatalyzed carboxylation of alkylbenzene derivatives to afford 11C-phenylacetic acids. Reaction conditions and scope are investigated followed by application of this methodology to the preparative radiosynthesis of [11C]fenoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Munch
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden A Mair
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myriam Adi
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sakakibara Y, Itami K, Murakami K. Switchable Decarboxylation by Energy- or Electron-Transfer Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1554-1562. [PMID: 38103176 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Kolbe dimerization and Hofer-Moest reactions are well-investigated carboxylic acid transformations, wherein new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds are constructed via electrochemical decarboxylation. These transformations can be switched by choosing an electrode that allows control of the reactive intermediate, such as carbon radical or carbocation. However, the requirement of a high current density diminishes the functional group compatibility with these electrochemical reactions. Here, we demonstrate the photocatalytic decarboxylative transformation of activated carboxylic acids in a switchable and functional group-compatible manner. We discovered that switching between Kolbe-type or Hofer-Moest-type reactions can be accomplished with suitable photocatalysts by controlling the reaction pathways: energy transfer (EnT) and single-electron transfer (SET). The EnT pathway promoted by an organo-photocatalyst yielded 1,2-diarylethane from arylacetic acids, whereas the ruthenium photoredox catalyst allows the construction of an ester scaffold with two arylmethyl moieties via the SET pathway. The resulting radical intermediates were coupled to olefins to realize multicomponent reactions. Consequently, four different products were selectively obtained from a simple carboxylic acid. This discovery offers new opportunities for selectively synthesizing multiple products via switchable reactions using identical substrates with minimal cost and effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yota Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda 102-0076, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda 102-0076, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Stable isotopes such as 2H, 13C, and 15N have important applications in chemistry and drug discovery. Late-stage incorporation of uncommon isotopes via isotopic exchange allows for the direct conversion of complex molecules into their valuable isotopologues without requiring a de novo synthesis. While synthetic methods exist for the conversion of hydrogen and carbon atoms into their less abundant isotopes, a corresponding method for accessing 15N-primary amines from their naturally occurring 14N-analogues has not yet been disclosed. We report an approach to access 15N-labeled primary amines via late-stage isotopic exchange using a simple benzophenone imine as the 15N source. By activating α-1 and α-2° amines to Katritzky pyridinium salts and α-3° amines to redox-active imines, we can engage primary alkyl amines in a deaminative amination. The redox-active imines proceed via a radical-polar crossover mechanism, whereas the Katritzky salts are engaged in copper catalysis via an electron donor-acceptor complex. The method is general for a variety of amines, including multiple drug compounds, and results in complete and selective isotopic labeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Dorsheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The oxetane ring is an emergent, underexplored motif in drug discovery that shows attractive properties such as low molecular weight, high polarity, and marked three-dimensionality. Oxetanes have garnered further interest as isosteres of carbonyl groups and as molecular tools to fine-tune physicochemical properties of drug compounds such as pKa, LogD, aqueous solubility, and metabolic clearance. This perspective highlights recent applications of oxetane motifs in drug discovery campaigns (2017-2022), with emphasis on the effect of the oxetane on medicinally relevant properties and on the building blocks used to incorporate the oxetane ring. Based on this analysis, we provide an overview of the potential benefits of appending an oxetane to a drug compound, as well as potential pitfalls, challenges, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Rojas
- Department of Chemistry,
Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, White City
Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry,
Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, White City
Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lutovsky GA, Gockel SN, Bundesmann MW, Bagley SW, Yoon TP. Iron-mediated modular decarboxylative cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem 2023; 9:1610-1621. [PMID: 37637494 PMCID: PMC10449378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable building blocks for pharmaceutical discovery because of their chemical stability, commercial availability, and structural diversity. Decarboxylative coupling reactions enable versatile functionalization of these feedstock chemicals, but many of the most general methods require prefunctionalization of carboxylic acids with redox-active moieties. These internal oxidants can be costly, their installation impedes rapid library synthesis, and their use results in environmentally problematic organic byproducts. We report herein a method for the direct decarboxylative cross-coupling of native carboxylic acids with nucleophilic coupling partners mediated by inexpensive, terrestrially abundant, and nontoxic Fe(III) salts. This method involves an initial photochemical decarboxylation followed by radical-polar crossover, which enables the construction of diverse carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds with remarkable generality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Lutovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Samuel N. Gockel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Boulevard, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA
| | | | - Scott W. Bagley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubois MAJ, Rojas JJ, Sterling AJ, Broderick HC, Smith MA, White AJP, Miller PW, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Bull JA. Visible Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of 3-Aryl-Oxetanes and Azetidines via Benzylic Tertiary Radicals and Implications of Benzylic Radical Stability. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6476-6488. [PMID: 36868184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Four-membered heterocycles offer exciting potential as small polar motifs in medicinal chemistry but require further methods for incorporation. Photoredox catalysis is a powerful method for the mild generation of alkyl radicals for C-C bond formation. The effect of ring strain on radical reactivity is not well understood, with no studies that address this question systematically. Examples of reactions that involve benzylic radicals are rare, and their reactivity is challenging to harness. This work develops a radical functionalization of benzylic oxetanes and azetidines using visible light photoredox catalysis to prepare 3-aryl-3-alkyl substituted derivatives and assesses the influence of ring strain and heterosubstitution on the reactivity of small-ring radicals. 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic acid oxetanes and azetidines are suitable precursors to tertiary benzylic oxetane/azetidine radicals which undergo conjugate addition into activated alkenes. We compare the reactivity of oxetane radicals to other benzylic systems. Computational studies indicate that Giese additions of unstrained benzylic radicals into acrylates are reversible and result in low yields and radical dimerization. Benzylic radicals as part of a strained ring, however, are less stable and more π-delocalized, decreasing dimer and increasing Giese product formation. Oxetanes show high product yields due to ring strain and Bent's rule rendering the Giese addition irreversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hannah C Broderick
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Milo A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang Z, Wang K, Sun Q, Peng Y, Bao X. Iron-catalyzed dual decarboxylative coupling of α-amino acids and dioxazolones under visible-light to access amide derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:752-755. [PMID: 36541573 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03318f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed decarboxylative C-N coupling of α-amino acids with dioxazolones is described herein to synthesize amide derivatives under visible-light. The desired products can be given in good to excellent yields under simple, mild, and oxidant-free conditions. This protocol provides a practical route for the transformation of α-amino acids to the corresponding amides. Computational studies were carried out to shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqun Liang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu Q, Zhou D, Liu Y, Huang X, Song C, Ma J, Li J. Synthesis of Benzylic Alcohols by Decarboxylative Hydroxylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:47-52. [PMID: 36563335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate an efficient method for the decarboxylative hydroxylation of carboxylic acids with silver(I) as the catalyst and cerium ammonium nitrate as the oxidant and its utility in chemoselective late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules. The chemoselectivity of this protocol arises from a benzylic nitrate intermediate that retards further oxidation and is hydrolyzed to the final benzylic alcohol product. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the facile oxidation of silver carboxylate affords silver(II) species as an intermediate oxidant responsible for decarboxylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Donglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yaoyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xuejin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duan A, Xiao F, Lan Y, Niu L. Mechanistic views and computational studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9986-10015. [PMID: 36374254 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have been considered as a powerful tool to convert two electrophiles into value-added products. Numerous related reports have shown the fascinating potential. Mechanistic studies, especially theoretical studies, can provide important implications for the design of novel reductive coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the representative advancements in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and systematically elaborate the mechanisms for the key steps of reductive coupling reactions. The activation modes of electrophiles and the deep insights of selectivity generation are mechanistically discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the reduction of high-oxidation-state catalysts and further construction of new chemical bonds are also described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murray PD, Leibler INM, Hell SM, Villalona E, Doyle AG, Knowles RR. Radical Redox Annulations: A General Light-Driven Method for the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13732-13740. [PMID: 36366762 PMCID: PMC9638994 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce here a two-component annulation strategy that provides access to a diverse collection of five- and six-membered saturated heterocycles from aryl alkenes and a family of redox-active radical precursors bearing tethered nucleophiles. This transformation is mediated by a combination of an Ir(III) photocatalyst and a Brønsted acid under visible-light irradiation. A reductive proton-coupled electron transfer generates a reactive radical which undergoes addition to an alkene. Then, an oxidative radical-polar crossover step leading to carbocation formation is followed by ring closure through cyclization of the tethered nucleophile. A wide range of heterocycles are easily accessible, including pyrrolidines, piperidines, tetrahydrofurans, morpholines, δ-valerolactones, and dioxanones. We demonstrate the scope of this approach through broad structural variation of both reaction components. This method is amenable to gram-scale preparation and to complex fragment coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | | | - Sandrine M. Hell
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Eris Villalona
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Light-Driven Radical-Polar Crossover Catalysis for Cross-Coupling with Organosilanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Fitzpatrick NA, Zamani L, Das M, Yayla HG, Lall MS, Musacchio PZ. A SN1 mechanistic approach to the Williamson ether reaction via photoredox catalysis applied to benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Narobe R, Murugesan K, Haag C, Schirmer TE, König B. C(sp 3)-H Ritter amination by excitation of in situ generated iodine(III)-BF 3 complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8778-8781. [PMID: 35843213 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light excitation of iodine(III)-BF3 complex enables the formation of carbocations from C(sp3)-H bonds. The complexes are generated catalytically from iodoarene, carboxylate ligand, the oxidizing agent Selectfluor, and the Lewis acid BF3. This modular catalytic system allows the formation of synthetically valuable amine derivatives without a metal- or photocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Haag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Emanuel Schirmer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Synthesis of a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, pleuromutilin, is described. Assembly of the critical cyclooctane fragment relies on an oxidative ring-expansion, and complete stereochemical relay in the synthetic sequence is enabled by the judicious choice of tactics. The requisite connectivity pattern of the perhydroindanone motif is rapidly established in a sequence of cycloaddition and radical cyclization events. Application of this strategy allows for preparation of the target natural product in 16 steps from commercially available material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Foy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kodo T, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Organophotoredox-catalyzed semipinacol rearrangement via radical-polar crossover. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2684. [PMID: 35562383 PMCID: PMC9106707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, significant progress in semipinacol rearrangement involving 1,2-migration of α-hydroxy carbocations has been made in the areas of catalysis and total synthesis of natural products. To access the α-hydroxy carbocation intermediate, conventional acid-mediated or electrochemical approaches have been employed. However, the photochemical semipinacol rearrangement has been underdeveloped. Herein, we report the organophotoredox-catalyzed semipinacol rearrangement via radical-polar crossover (RPC). A phenothiazine-based organophotoredox catalyst facilitates the generation of an α-hydroxy non-benzylic alkyl radical followed by oxidation to the corresponding carbocation, which can be exploited to undergo the semipinacol rearrangement. As a result, the photochemical approach enables decarboxylative semipinacol rearrangement of β-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and alkylative semipinacol type rearrangement of allyl alcohols with carbon electrophiles, producing α-quaternary or α-tertiary carbonyls bearing sp3-rich scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Kodo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Narobe R, Murugesan K, Schmid S, König B. Decarboxylative Ritter-Type Amination by Cooperative Iodine (I/III)─Boron Lewis Acid Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathiravan Murugesan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li P, Zbieg JR, Terrett JA. The Direct Decarboxylative N-Alkylation of Azoles, Sulfonamides, Ureas, and Carbamates with Carboxylic Acids via Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:9563-9568. [PMID: 34881895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a method for the direct decarboxylative C-N coupling of carboxylic acids with a range of nitrogen nucleophiles. This platform employs visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis and an iodine(III) reagent to generate carbocation intermediates directly from aliphatic carboxylic acids via a radical-polar crossover mechanism. A variety of C-N bond-containing products are constructed from a diverse array of nitrogen heterocycles, including pyrazoles, imidazoles, indazoles, and purine bases. Furthermore, sulfonamides, ureas, and carbamates can also be utilized as the nucleophile to generate a selection of N-alkylated products. Notably, a two-step approach to construct free amines directly from carboxylic acids is accomplished using Cbz-protected amine as the nucleophile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack A Terrett
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|