1
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Jones TE, Teschner D, Piccinin S. Toward Realistic Models of the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39038270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) supplies the protons and electrons needed to transform renewable electricity into chemicals and fuels. However, the OER is kinetically sluggish; it operates at significant rates only when the applied potential far exceeds the reversible voltage. The origin of this overpotential is hidden in a complex mechanism involving multiple electron transfers and chemical bond making/breaking steps. Our desire to improve catalytic performance has then made mechanistic studies of the OER an area of major scientific inquiry, though the complexity of the reaction has made understanding difficult. While historically, mechanistic studies have relied solely on experiment and phenomenological models, over the past twenty years ab initio simulation has been playing an increasingly important role in developing our understanding of the electrocatalytic OER and its reaction mechanisms. In this Review we cover advances in our mechanistic understanding of the OER, organized by increasing complexity in the way through which the OER is modeled. We begin with phenomenological models built using experimental data before reviewing early efforts to incorporate ab initio methods into mechanistic studies. We go on to cover how the assumptions in these early ab initio simulations─no electric field, electrolyte, or explicit kinetics─have been relaxed. Through comparison with experimental literature, we explore the veracity of these different assumptions. We summarize by discussing the most critical open challenges in developing models to understand the mechanisms of the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Jones
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste 34136, Italy
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2
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Hoffmeister D, Finger S, Fiedler L, Ma TC, Körner A, Zlatar M, Fritsch B, Bodnar KW, Carl S, Götz A, Zubiri BA, Will J, Spiecker E, Cherevko S, Freiberg ATS, Mayrhofer KJJ, Thiele S, Hutzler A, van Pham C. Photodeposition-Based Synthesis of TiO 2@IrO x Core-Shell Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Low Iridium Loading. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402991. [PMID: 38874424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of green hydrogen production technologies requires cost reduction of crucial elements. To achieve this, a viable pathway to reduce the iridium loading in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is explored. Herein, a scalable synthesis method based on a photodeposition process for a TiO2@IrOx core-shell catalyst with a reduced iridium content as low as 40 wt.% is presented. Using this synthesis method, titania support particles homogeneously coated with a thin iridium oxide shell of only 2.1 ± 0.4 nm are obtained. The catalyst exhibits not only high ex situ activity, but also decent stability compared to commercially available catalysts. Furthermore, the unique core-shell structure provides a threefold increased electrical powder conductivity compared to structures without the shell. In addition, the low iridium content facilitates the fabrication of sufficiently thick catalyst layers at decreased iridium loadings mitigating the impact of crack formation in the catalyst layer during PEMWE operation. It is demonstrated that the novel TiO2@IrOx core-shell catalyst clearly outperforms the commercial reference in single-cell tests with an iridium loading below 0.3 mgIr cm-2 exhibiting a superior iridium-specific power density of 17.9 kW gIr -1 compared to 10.4 kW gIr -1 for the commercial reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Hoffmeister
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Selina Finger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Fiedler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tien-Ching Ma
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Körner
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matej Zlatar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birk Fritsch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Witte Bodnar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), 06120, Halle, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Carl
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Götz
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Will
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna T S Freiberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hutzler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chuyen van Pham
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Liu S, Huang WH, Meng S, Jiang K, Han J, Zhang Q, Hu Z, Pao CW, Geng H, Huang X, Zhan C, Yun Q, Xu Y, Huang X. 3D Noble-Metal Nanostructures Approaching Atomic Efficiency and Atomic Density Limits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312140. [PMID: 38241656 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Noble metals have been widely used in catalysis, however, the scarcity and high cost of noble metal motivate researchers to balance the atomic efficiency and atomic density, which is formidably challenging. This article proposes a robust strategy for fabricating 3D amorphous noble metal-based oxides with simultaneous enhancement on atomic efficiency and density with the assistance of atomic channels, where the atomic utilization increases from 18.2% to 59.4%. The unique properties of amorphous bimetallic oxides and formation of atomic channels have been evidenced by detailed experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations. Moreover, the universality of the current strategy is validated by other binary oxides. When Cu2IrOx with atomic channels (Cu2IrOx-AE) is used as catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the mass activity and turnover frequency value of Cu2IrOx-AE are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than CuO/IrO2 and Cu2IrOx without atomic channels, largely outperforming the reported OER catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the formation of atomic channels leads to various Ir sites, on which the proton of adsorbed *OH can transfer to adjacent O atoms of [IrO6]. This work may attract immediate interest of researchers in material science, chemistry, catalysis, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shuang Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Kezhu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Jiajia Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nothnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hongbo Geng
- School of Materials Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology Changshu, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Changhong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Lab Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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4
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Karade SS, Sharma R, Morgen P, Makovec D, Gyergyek S, Andersen SM. Tailoring iridium-palladium nanoparticles with Ir-rich skin: a highly durable anode electrocatalyst for acidic water electrolysis via a facile microwave-assisted chemical reduction method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9060-9072. [PMID: 38441809 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04284g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting under acidic conditions is a clean way towards producing hydrogen fuels. The slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode is currently a bottleneck for commercial acceptance of this technology. Therefore, arriving at more efficient and sustainable OER electrocatalysts is highly desirable. We here demonstrate the synthesis of iridium-palladium (IrPd) alloy nanoparticles (2-5 nm) with variable average composition (Ir : Pd = 1 : 0, 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 6, 1 : 9 and 0 : 1) using a facile one-pot microwave-assisted chemical reduction method. The IrPd nanoparticles show structure- and composition-dependent OER performance in acidic media. Utilizing different reduction strengths and precursor ratios, successful alloy catalysts were prepared with Ir-rich skin and sublayers of different Pd compositions. Their structures were revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and hydrogen underpotential deposition (Hupd) studies. It turned out that (1) the alloy OER catalyst also has a high electrochemically active surface area for hydrogen adsorption/desorption, (2) the OER performance is strongly dependent on the surface Ir contribution and (3) the intact Ir skin is essential for electrocatalyst stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Sanjay Karade
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Raghunandan Sharma
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Per Morgen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - Darko Makovec
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Gyergyek
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Shuang Ma Andersen
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark.
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5
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Brummel O, Jacobse L, Simanenko A, Deng X, Geile S, Gutowski O, Vonk V, Lykhach Y, Stierle A, Libuda J. Chemical and Structural In-Situ Characterization of Model Electrocatalysts by Combined Infrared Spectroscopy and Surface X-ray Diffraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8820-8827. [PMID: 37750826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New diagnostic approaches are needed to drive progress in the field of electrocatalysis and address the challenges of developing electrocatalytic materials with superior activity, selectivity, and stability. To this end, we developed a versatile experimental setup that combines two complementary in-situ techniques for the simultaneous chemical and structural analysis of planar electrodes under electrochemical conditions: high-energy surface X-ray diffraction (HE-SXRD) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). We tested the potential of the experimental setup by performing a model study in which we investigated the oxidation of preadsorbed CO on a Pt(111) surface as well as the oxidation of the Pt(111) electrode itself. In a single experiment, we were able to identify the adsorbates, their potential dependent adsorption geometries, the effect of the adsorbates on the surface morphology, and the structural evolution of Pt(111) during surface electro-oxidation. In a broader perspective, the combined setup has a high application potential in the field of energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leon Jacobse
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Simanenko
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Deng
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Geile
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Raman AS, Selloni A. Acid-Base Chemistry of a Model IrO 2 Catalytic Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7787-7794. [PMID: 37616464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Iridium oxide (IrO2) is one of the most efficient catalytic materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet the atomic scale structure of its aqueous interface is largely unknown. Herein, the hydration structure, proton transfer mechanisms, and acid-base properties of the rutile IrO2(110)-water interface are investigated using ab initio based deep neural-network potentials and enhanced sampling simulations. The proton affinities of the different surface sites are characterized by calculating their acid dissociation constants, which yield a point of zero charge in agreement with experiments. A large fraction (≈80%) of adsorbed water dissociation is observed, together with a short lifetime (≈0.5 ns) of the resulting terminal hydroxy groups, due to rapid proton exchanges between adsorbed H2O and adjacent OH species. This rapid surface proton transfer supports the suggestion that the rate-determining step in the OER may not involve proton transfer across the double layer into solution, as indicated by recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav S Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Xu J, Jin H, Lu T, Li J, Liu Y, Davey K, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. IrO x· nH 2O with lattice water-assisted oxygen exchange for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1718. [PMID: 37352343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is challenging. Crystalline IrO2 displays good stability but exhibits poor activity; amorphous IrOx exhibits outstanding activity while sacrificing stability. Here, we combine the advantages of these two materials via a lattice water-incorporated iridium oxide (IrOx·nH2O) that has short-range ordered structure of hollandite-like framework. We confirm that IrOx·nH2O exhibits boosted activity and ultrahigh stability of >5700 hours (~8 months) with a record-high stability number of 1.9 × 107 noxygen nIr-1. We evidence that lattice water is active oxygen species in sustainable and rapid oxygen exchange. The lattice water-assisted modified OER mechanism contributes to improved activity and concurrent stability with no apparent structural degradation, which is different to the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism and lattice oxygen mechanism. We demonstrate that a high-performance PEMWE with IrOx·nH2O as anode electrocatalyst delivers a cell voltage of 1.77 V at 1 A cm-2 for 600 hours (60°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Resources, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Teng Lu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Junsheng Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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8
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Deka N, Jones TE, Falling LJ, Sandoval-Diaz LE, Lunkenbein T, Velasco-Velez JJ, Chan TS, Chuang CH, Knop-Gericke A, Mom RV. On the Operando Structure of Ruthenium Oxides during the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. ACS Catal 2023; 13:7488-7498. [PMID: 37288096 PMCID: PMC10242682 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the search for rational design strategies for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, linking the catalyst structure to activity and stability is key. However, highly active catalysts such as IrOx and RuOx undergo structural changes under OER conditions, and hence, structure-activity-stability relationships need to take into account the operando structure of the catalyst. Under the highly anodic conditions of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), electrocatalysts are often converted into an active form. Here, we studied this activation for amorphous and crystalline ruthenium oxide using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (EC-SEM). We tracked the evolution of surface oxygen species in ruthenium oxides while in parallel mapping the oxidation state of the Ru atoms to draw a complete picture of the oxidation events that lead to the OER active structure. Our data show that a large fraction of the OH groups in the oxide are deprotonated under OER conditions, leading to a highly oxidized active material. The oxidation is centered not only on the Ru atoms but also on the oxygen lattice. This oxygen lattice activation is particularly strong for amorphous RuOx. We propose that this property is key for the high activity and low stability observed for amorphous ruthenium oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipon Deka
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Travis E. Jones
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Lorenz J. Falling
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department
of Physics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Rd, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rik V. Mom
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Liao J, Li Z, Zhao T, Zeng L. Enhancing Voltage Reversal Tolerance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by Tuning the Microstructure of IrO x Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56867-56876. [PMID: 36523167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Voltage reversal of proton exchange membrane fuel cells caused by hydrogen deficiency seriously deteriorates the anodes and lowers their performance and lifetime. A commonly used method is to add oxygen evolution reaction catalysts (e.g., IrO2) to the anode to extend the water electrolysis plateau against harmful carbon corrosion. Herein, strongly connected IrOx nanoparticles (SC-IrOx) are prepared by removing the low surface area carbon carrier of the as-synthesized Ir/C catalyst. The reversal-tolerant anode with SC-IrOx owns an anti-reversal time of 9.32 h, which is 3.2 and 4.4 times that of the reversal-tolerant anode with commercial IrOx and weakly connected IrOx, respectively. Further transmission electron microscope characterizations reveal that SC-IrOx can construct a stable electron and proton transport pathway in the anode catalyst layer, which can delay the isolation of oxygen evolution reaction catalyst from the electron and proton conducting network, thus extending the water electrolysis plateau. Herein, our findings suggest that tuning the microstructures of IrOx catalysts is indeed an effective and promising approach to extend the water electrolysis plateau and alleviate the performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during the voltage reversal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianshou Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Lin HY, Lou ZX, Ding Y, Li X, Mao F, Yuan HY, Liu PF, Yang HG. Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for the Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Challenges on Stability. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201130. [PMID: 36333185 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen generated by proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer holds a promising potential to complement the traditional energy structure and achieve the global target of carbon neutrality for its efficient, clean, and sustainable nature. The acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to its sluggish kinetic process, remains a bottleneck that dominates the efficiency of overall water splitting. Over the past few decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring OER activity, whereas most show unsatisfying stability to meet the demand for industrial application of PEM electrolyzer. In this review, systematic considerations of the origin and strategies based on OER stability challenges are focused on. Intrinsic deactivation of the material and the extrinsic balance of plant-induced destabilization are summarized. Accordingly, rational strategies for catalyst design including doping and leaching, support effect, coordination effect, strain engineering, phase and facet engineering are discussed for their contribution to the promoted OER stability. Moreover, advanced in situ/operando characterization techniques are put forward to shed light on the OER pathways as well as the structural evolution of the OER catalyst, giving insight into the deactivation mechanisms. Finally, outlooks toward future efforts on the development of long-term and practical electrocatalysts for the PEM electrolyzer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Xin Lou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yeliang Ding
- China General Nuclear New Energy Holdings Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- China General Nuclear New Energy Holdings Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fangxin Mao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hai Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Czioska S, Ehelebe K, Geppert J, Escalera-López D, Boubnov A, Saraçi E, Mayerhöfer B, Krewer U, Cherevko S, Grunwaldt JD. Heating up the OER: Investigation of IrO2 OER catalysts as function of potential and temperature. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Czioska
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Engesserstraße 20 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Konrad Ehelebe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Janis Geppert
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Britta Mayerhöfer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies GERMANY
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
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