1
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Wang R, Martínez S, Schwarzmann J, Zhao CZ, Ramler J, Lichtenberg C, Wang YM. Transition Metal Mimetic π-Activation by Cationic Bismuth(III) Catalysts for Allylic C-H Functionalization of Olefins Using C═O and C═N Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22122-22128. [PMID: 39102739 PMCID: PMC11328129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of main-group element catalysts that behave similarly to transition metal (TM) complexes have become increasingly active areas of investigation in recent years. Here, we report a series of Lewis acidic bismuth(III) complexes that allow for the catalytic allylic C(sp3)-H functionalization of olefins via an organometallic complexation-assisted deprotonation mechanism to generate products containing new C-C bonds. This heretofore unexplored mode of main-group reactivity was applied to the regioselective functionalization of 1,4-dienes and allylbenzene substrates. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support the key steps of the proposed catalytic cycle, including the intermediacy of elusive Bi-olefin complexes and allylbismuth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Z Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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2
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Kumar R, Meher RK, Karmakar H, Panda TK. Hydrosilylation of nitriles and tertiary amides using a zinc precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3053-3058. [PMID: 38545870 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
We report a competent and selective hydrosilylation of nitriles and tertiary amides catalyzed by the readily available zinc bis(hexamethyldisilazide) under solvent-free and mild conditions, making it a sustainable and desirable alternative to existing methods. Both protocols afforded high conversion, superior selectivity, and a broad substrate scope, from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating and heterocyclic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Rohan Kumar Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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3
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Wei B, Wang C, Miao H, Qin Z, Huang M, Xu Y, Xue W, Yang S, Liu C, Bai C, Chen Z. Novel bidentate N-coordinated alkylaluminum complexes: synthesis, characterization, and efficient catalysis for hydrophosphonylation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4185-4193. [PMID: 38323430 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Five new alkylaluminum complexes with different pyridinyl-substituted imines or cyclohexyl-substituted imines were synthesized and characterized successfully. The aluminum complex [FlCHNCH(CH3)Py]AlMe2(Py = 2-pyridyl) (1) was obtained by reacting 9-[2-pyridyl-CH(CH3)-NCH]Fl (Fl = fluorenyl) (L1) and equimolar AlMe3. The reactions of 9-(2-pyridyl-NCH)Fl (L2) and 9-[2-N(CH3)2-cyclohexyl-NCH]Fl (L3) with equimolar AlMe3 or AlEt3 afforded other alkylaluminum complexes [FlCHNPy]AlMe2(Py = 2-pyridyl) (2), [FlCHNPy]AlEt2 (Py = 2-pyridyl) (3), [FlCHNCyN(CH3)2]AlMe2 (Cy = 2-cyclohexyl) (4) and [FlCHNCyN(CH3)2]AlEt2 (Cy = 2-cyclohexyl) (5). All these complexes (1-5) were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The catalytic properties of these new alkylaluminum complexes for the hydrophosphonylation of aldimines were examined. Complex 5 showed the best catalytic performance under mild reaction conditions with a low catalyst loading (1 mol%), and 20 different substituents of aldimines were isolated with more than 90% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wei
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Miao
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Zhibiao Qin
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Mengna Huang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Xue
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Shucheng Yang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Cuibing Bai
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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4
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Ju S, Zhang C, Tang B, Liu LL, Stephan DW, Wu Y. The Lewis superacidic aluminium cation: [(NHC)Al(C 6F 5) 2] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:698-701. [PMID: 38111304 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The aluminium salt [(NHC)Al(tol)(C6F5)2][B(C6F5)4], (NHC = C3H2(N(iPr2C6H3))2) is shown to behave as a Lewis superacid as it abstracts fluoride from [SbF6]-. It also acts as a Lewis acid catalyst for hydrosilyation, hydrodefluorination and Friedel-Crafts reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Ju
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Beili Tang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Bhandari M, Kaur M, Rawat S, Singh S. Highly Electrophilic Mononuclear Cationic Aluminium Alkoxide Complexes: Syntheses, Reactivity and Catalytic Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301229. [PMID: 37294029 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of β-diketiminate-supported aluminium complexes bearing terminal alkoxide and mono-thiol functional groups: LAlOMe(Et) (2), LAlOtBu(Et) (3), and LAlSH(Et) (4), (L=[HC{C(Me)N-(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )}2 ]). Complexes 2 and 3 are further used as synthons to generate the fascinating cationic aluminium alkoxide complexes, [LAlOMe(μ-OMe)-Al(Et)L][EtB(C6 F5 )3 ] (5), [LAlOMe(OEt2 )][EtB(C6 F5 )3 ] (6), and [LAlOtBu(OEt2 )][EtB(C6 F5 )3 ] (8). These electrophilic cationic species are well characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques. The assessment of Lewis acidity by the Gutmann-Beckett method revealed superior Lewis acidity of the cations substituted with electron-demanding alkoxy groups in comparison to the known methyl analogue [LAlMe][B(C6 F5 )4 ]. This has been further endorsed by computational calculations to determine the NBO charges and hydride ion affinity for complexes 6 and 8. These complexes are also capable of activating triethylsilane in stoichiometric reactions. The applicability of these complexes has been realized in the hydrosilylation of ethers, carbonyls, and olefines. Additionally, the solid-state structure of a new THF stabilized aluminium halide cation [LAlCl(THF)][B(C6 F5 )4 ] (11) has also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Bhandari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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6
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Undirected C-H Bond Activation in Aluminium Hydrido Enaminonates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052137. [PMID: 36903381 PMCID: PMC10004653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new aluminium hydrido complexes were synthesized by reacting AlH3 with the enaminone ligand N-(4,4,4-trifluorobut-1-en-3-on)-6,6,6-trifluoroethylamine (HTFB-TFEA) in different molar ratios to obtain mono- and di-hydrido-aluminium enaminonates. Both air and moisture sensitive compounds could be purified via sublimation under reduced pressure. The spectroscopic analysis and structural motif of the monohydrido compound [H-Al(TFB-TBA)2] (3) showed a monomeric 5-coordinated Al(III) centre bearing two chelating enaminone units and a terminal hydride ligand. However, the dihydrido compound exhibited a rapid C-H bond activation and C-C bond formation in the resulting compound [(Al-TFB-TBA)-HCH2] (4a), which was confirmed by single crystal structural data. The intramolecular hydride shift involving the migration of a hydride ligand from aluminium centre to the alkenyl carbon of the enaminone ligand was probed and verified by multi-nuclear spectral studies (1H,1H NOESY, 13C, 19F, and 27Al NMR).
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7
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Denker L, Wullschläger D, Martínez JP, Świerczewski S, Trzaskowski B, Tamm M, Frank R. Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed Transformation of Si–H Bonds: H/D Exchange in Hydrosilanes and Hydrosilylation of Olefins. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Denker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Wullschläger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Martínez
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Świerczewski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - René Frank
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Wang C, Wu J, Yan B, Ni C, Ma X, Yang Z. N
‐coordinated Aluminum Complexes Catalyze the Hydrostannation of Alkynes. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Test Technique Institute Xi'an 710100 P. R. China
| | - Ben Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Congjian Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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9
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Nembenna S. Aluminium-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides to Alcohols: C-O Bond Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203023. [PMID: 36226774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the molecular aluminium dihydride complex bearing an N, N'-chelated conjugated bis-guanidinate (CBG) ligand is used as a catalyst for reducing a wide range of aryl and alkyl esters with good tolerance of alkene (C=C), alkyne (C≡C), halides (Cl, Br, I and F), nitrile (C≡N), and nitro (NO2 ) functionalities. Further, we investigated the catalytic application of aluminium dihydride in the C-O bond cleavage of alkyl and aryl epoxides into corresponding branched Markovnikov ring-opening products. In addition, the chemoselective intermolecular reduction of esters over other reducible functional groups, such as amides and alkenes, has been established. Intermediates are isolated and characterized by NMR and HRMS studies, which confirm the probable catalytic cycles for the hydroboration of esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
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10
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Guo P, Ma X, Ni C, Pang Z, Yang Z. Measurement and thermodynamic analysis of the solubility of iodine-containing organoaluminum supported by nitrogenous ligands in pure solvents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Zhao Z, Tan J, Chen T, Hussain Z, Li Y, Wu Y, Stephan DW. Ambiphilic Behavior of Ge(II)-Pseudohalides in Inter- and Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair Alkyne Addition Reactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18670-18677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjie Tan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanguo Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang, China
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12
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Nayak DK, Sarkar N, Sampath CM, Sahoo RK, Nembenna S. Organoaluminum Catalyzed Guanylation and Hydroboration Reactions of Carbodiimides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Chabathula Manoj Sampath
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752 050 India
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13
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Ríos P, Rodríguez A, Conejero S. Activation of Si-H and B-H bonds by Lewis acidic transition metals and p-block elements: same, but different. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7392-7418. [PMID: 35872827 PMCID: PMC9241980 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective we discuss the ability of transition metal complexes to activate and cleave the Si-H and B-H bonds of hydrosilanes and hydroboranes (tri- and tetra-coordinated) in an electrophilic manner, avoiding the need for the metal centre to undergo two-electron processes (oxidative addition/reductive elimination). A formal polarization of E-H bonds (E = Si, B) upon their coordination to the metal centre to form σ-EH complexes (with coordination modes η1 or η2) favors this type of bond activation that can lead to reactivities involving the formation of transient silylium and borenium/boronium cations similar to those proposed in silylation and borylation processes catalysed by boron and aluminium Lewis acids. We compare the reactivity of transition metal complexes and boron/aluminium Lewis acids through a series of catalytic reactions in which pieces of evidence suggest mechanisms involving electrophilic reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Amor Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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14
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Ganesh Patro A, Nembenna S. Aluminum-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Carbonyls and Dehydrocoupling of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines, Thiol, Selenol, Silanols with HBpin. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Hsu CP, Liu CA, Wen CC, Liu YH, Lin YF, Chiu CW. Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Ligand‐Supported Alkyl Aluminum Cations. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Kaohsiung Medical University Fragrance and Cosmetic Science TAIWAN
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd. 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
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16
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Song Q, Tong H, Zhou M. Five-coordination aluminum complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures and utilization for the construction of substituted guanidines. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Sarkar N, Sahoo RK, Mukhopadhyay S, Nembenna S. Organoaluminum Cation Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls, Alkenes, and Alkyne. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sayantan Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) School of Chemical Sciences Jatni CampusNISER, BhubaneswarINDIA 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Ni
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Department of Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
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19
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Barthélemy A, Glootz K, Scherer H, Hanske A, Krossing I. Ga +-catalyzed hydrosilylation? About the surprising system Ga +/HSiR 3/olefin, proof of oxidation with subvalent Ga + and silylium catalysis with perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:439-453. [PMID: 35126976 PMCID: PMC8729802 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Already 1 mol% of subvalent [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]- ([pf]- = [Al(ORF)4]-, RF = C(CF3)3) initiates the hydrosilylation of olefinic double bonds under mild conditions. Reactions with HSiMe3 and HSiEt3 as substrates efficiently yield anti-Markovnikov and anti-addition products, while bulkier substrates such as HSiiPr3 are less reactive. Investigating the underlying mechanism by gas chromatography and STEM analysis, we unexpectedly found that H2 and metallic Ga0 formed. Without the addition of olefins, the formation of R3Si-F-Al(ORF)3 (R = alkyl), a typical degradation product of the [pf]- anion in the presence of a small silylium ion, was observed. Electrochemical analysis revealed a surprisingly high oxidation potential of univalent [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]- in weakly coordinating, but polar ortho-difluorobenzene of E 1/2(Ga+/Ga0; oDFB) = +0.26-0.37 V vs. Fc+/Fc (depending on the scan rate). Apparently, subvalent Ga+, mainly known as a reductant, initially oxidizes the silane and generates a highly electrophilic, silane-supported, silylium ion representing the actual catalyst. Consequently, the [Ga(PhF)2]+[pf]-/HSiEt3 system also hydrodefluorinates C(sp3)-F bonds in 1-fluoroadamantane, 1-fluorobutane and PhCF3 at room temperature. In addition, both catalytic reactions may be initiated using only 0.2 mol% of [Ph3C]+[pf]- as a silylium ion-generating initiator. These results indicate that silylium ion catalysis is possible with the straightforward accessible weakly coordinating [pf]- anion. Apparently, the kinetics of hydrosilylation and hydrodefluorination are faster than that of anion degradation under ambient conditions. These findings open up new windows for main group catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Kim Glootz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Annaleah Hanske
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Li CQ, Leng G, Li W. Hydroboration of carbon dioxide with pinacolborane catalyzed by various aluminum hydrides: A comparative mechanistic study. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations was performed to probe the catalytic viability of various neutral, cationic and anionic aluminum hydrides (AlH) in the hydroboration of CO2 with...
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Moskalev MV, Sokolov VG, Koptseva TS, Skatova AA, Bazanov AA, Baranov EV, Fedushkin IL. Reactivity of aluminum hydrides supported with sterically hindered acenaphthene-1,2-diimines towards CO2. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Zhao Y, Ma X, Yan B, Ni C, He X, Peng Y, Yang Z. A novel case of atom-efficient C-C bond formation of small molecules catalyzed by the facile organoaluminum compound. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Hsu CP, Liu YH, Boobalan R, Lin YF, Chein RJ, Chiu CW. Chiral Tetra-coordinate Aluminum Cation in Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Chia CC, Teo YC, Cham N, Ho SYF, Ng ZH, Toh HM, Mézailles N, So CW. Aluminum-Hydride-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Carbon Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4569-4577. [PMID: 33733776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the first use of a bis(phosphoranyl)methanido aluminum hydride, [ClC(PPh2NMes)2AlH2] (2, Mes = Me3C6H2), for the catalytic hydroboration of CO2. Complex 2 was synthesized by the reaction of a lithium carbenoid [Li(Cl)C(PPh2NMes)2] with 2 equiv of AlH3·NEtMe2 in toluene at -78 °C. 2 (10 mol %) was able to catalyze the reduction of CO2 with HBpin in C6D6 at 110 °C for 2 days to afford a mixture of methoxyborane [MeOBpin] (3a; yield: 78%, TOF: 0.16 h-1) and bis(boryl)oxide [pinBOBpin] (3b). When more potent [BH3·SMe2] was used instead of HBpin, the catalytic reaction was extremely pure, resulting in the formation of trimethyl borate [B(OMe)3] (3e) [catalytic loading: 1 mol % (10 mol %); reaction time: 60 min (5 min); yield: 97.6% (>99%); TOF: 292.8 h-1 (356.4 h-1)] and B2O3 (3f). Mechanistic studies show that the Al-H bond in complex 2 activated CO2 to form [ClC(PPh2NMes)2Al(H){OC(O)H}] (4), which was subsequently reacted with BH3·SMe2 to form 3e and 3f, along with the regeneration of complex 2. Complex 2 also shows good catalytic activity toward the hydroboration of carbonyl, nitrile, and alkyne derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher-Chiek Chia
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yeow-Chuan Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Ning Cham
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Samuel Ying-Fu Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.,Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Zhe-Hua Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hui-Min Toh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P-H and Si-H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2379-2384. [PMID: 33031611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mo=PR2 π* orbital in a Mo phosphenium complex acts as acceptor in a new PIII -based Lewis superacid. This Lewis acid (LA) participates in electrophilic Si-H abstraction from E3 SiH to give a Mo-bound secondary phosphine ligand, Mo-PR2 H. The resulting Et3 Si+ ion remains associated with the Mo complex, stabilized by η1 -P-H donation, yet undergoes rapid exchange with an η1 -Si-H adduct of free silane in solution. The equilibrium between these two adducts presents an opportunity to assess the role of this new LA in catalytic reactions of silanes: is the LA acting as a catalyst or as an initiator? Preliminary results suggest that a cycle including the Mo-bound phosphine-silylium adduct dominates in the catalytic hydrosilylation of acetophenone, relative to a putative cycle involving the silane-silylium adduct or "free" silylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Belli RG, Pantazis DA, McDonald R, Rosenberg L. Reversible Silylium Transfer between P‐H and Si‐H Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Lisa Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia V8W 2Y2 Canada
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Bolley A, Specklin D, Dagorne S. NHC-stabilized Al(III) and Ga(III) cationic alkyls: Synthesis, structure and use in hydrosilylation catalysis. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Lamprecht Z, Malan FP, Lotz S, Bezuidenhout DI. Synthesis and structure of thienyl Fischer carbene complexes of Pt II for application in alkyne hydrosilylation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient alkyne hydrosilylation mediated by well-defined platinum(ii) bis(ethoxycarbene) complexes of the Fischer-type prepared by facile transmetallation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandria Lamprecht
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- Hatfield 0028
- South Africa
| | | | - Simon Lotz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- Hatfield 0028
- South Africa
| | - Daniela I. Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- University of Oulu
- 90014 Oulu
- Finland
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29
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Jung HJ, Cho Y, Kim D, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cationic aluminum, gallium, and indium complexes in catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of cationic charge allows cationic group 13 complexes to be excellent Lewis acid catalysts. Cationic aluminum, gallium, and indium complexes in catalysis are comprehensively reviewed based on the reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Youngjung Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Diana Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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Kretsch J, Kreyenschmidt A, Schillmöller T, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Mixed Low-Valent Alanes from the Bis(4-methyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13690-13699. [PMID: 32897060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within this work, an aluminum dihydride complex ([(4-MeBox2CH)AlH2]) (1) based on the bis(4-methyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide ligand was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods (NMR, ATR-IR, and fluorescence), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), mass spectrometry (LIFDI), and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of alane 1 was investigated toward the reducing agents [DippNacNacAlI] and [(MesNacNacMgI)2], which gave the dialane compounds [(4-MeBox2CH)HAlII-AlIIH(DippNacNac)] (2) and [{(4-MeBox2CH)AlIIH}2] (4a), respectively. Furthermore, dialuminoxanes [{(4-MeBox2CH)AlH}2(μ-O)] (4b) and [({(MesNacNac)Mg}2(μ-H)){H3AlII-AlIIH(4-MeBox2CH)}] (4c) were isolated as byproducts, with 4b co-crystallizing with 4a. The hydricity of both hydrides in the mixed-ligated dialane 2 were examined by a reaction with 1 equiv of trityl borate ([Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]), which resulted in [(4-MeBox2CH)HAlII-AlII(DippNacNac)][B(C6F5)4] (3). Due to the formation of 4b, complex 1 was reacted with 0.5 equiv of water, which causes the likely synthesis of insoluble oligomeric alumoxanes. To prevent this reaction and support the formation of well-defined dialumoxanes, 1 was initially converted to [(4-MeBox2CH)(DippO)AlH] (5) by the deprotonation of 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol). This sterically encumbered compound 5 was subsequently reacted with 0.5 equiv of water, which resulted in defined molecules of [{(4-MeBox2CH)(DippO)Al}2(μ-O)] (6). All these compounds exemplify the versatility of the 4-MeBox2CH ligand in low-valent aluminum chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kretsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Schillmöller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Greb L, Ebner F, Ginzburg Y, Sigmund LM. Element‐Ligand Cooperativity with p‐Block Elements. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yael Ginzburg
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas M. Sigmund
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 275 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Schuhknecht D, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Olefins Catalyzed by a Molecular Calcium Hydride Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:310-314. [PMID: 31609062 PMCID: PMC6972613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemo- and regioselectivity are often difficult to control during olefin hydrosilylation catalyzed by d- and f-block metal complexes. The cationic hydride of calcium [CaH]+ stabilized by an NNNN macrocycle was found to catalyze the regioselective hydrosilylation of aliphatic olefins to give anti-Markovnikov products, while aryl-substituted olefins were hydrosilyated with Markovnikov regioselectivity. Ethylene was efficiently hydrosilylated by primary and secondary hydrosilanes to give di- and monoethylated silanes. Aliphatic hydrosilanes were preferred over other commonly employed hydrosilanes: Arylsilanes such as PhSiH3 underwent scrambling reactions promoted by the nucleophilic hydride, while alkoxy- and siloxy-substituted hydrosilanes gave isolable alkoxy and siloxy calcium derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schuhknecht
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPS, UMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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Saptal VB, Wang R, Park S. Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43539-43565. [PMID: 35519696 PMCID: PMC9058465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- 32000 Haifa
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Kannan R, Chambenahalli R, Kumar S, Krishna A, Andrews AP, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Organoaluminum cations for carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14629-14632. [PMID: 31746857 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In search of stable, yet reactive aluminum Lewis acids, we have isolated an organoaluminum cation, [(Me2NC6H4)2Al(C4H8O)2]+, coordinated with two labile tetrahydrofuran ligands. Its catalytic performance in aldehyde dimerization reveals turn-over frequencies reaching up to 6000 h-1, exceeding that of the reported main group catalysts. The cation is further demonstrated to catalyze hydroelementation of ketones. Mechanistic investigations reveal that aldehyde dimerization and ketone hydrosilylation occur through carbonyl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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Abstract
Recently heavier Group 14 enolates showed their importance and applicability in a broad range of chemical transformations. They were found to be key intermediates during the synthesis of photoinitiators, as well as during the formation of complex silicon frameworks. This Minireview presents general strategies towards the synthesis of heavier Group 14 enolates (HG 14 enolates). Structural properties, as well as their spectroscopic behavior are outlined. This study may aid future development in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryTechnische Universität GrazStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
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Schuhknecht D, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Regioselektive Hydrosilylierung von Olefinen katalysiert durch ein molekulares Calciumhydrid‐Kation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schuhknecht
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS INSA UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Dodonov VA, Morozov AG, Rumyantsev RV, Fukin GK, Skatova AA, Roesky PW, Fedushkin IL. Synthesis and ε-Caprolactone Polymerization Activity of Electron-Deficient Gallium and Aluminum Species Containing a Charged Redox-Active dpp-Bian Ligand. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16559-16573. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Alexander G. Morozov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Rumyantsev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra A. Skatova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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Garcia L, Dinoi C, Mahon MF, Maron L, Hill MS. Magnesium hydride alkene insertion and catalytic hydrosilylation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8108-8118. [PMID: 31814958 PMCID: PMC6839609 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-diketiminato magnesium hydride, [(BDI)MgH]]2, reacts with alkenes and catalyses their hydrosilylation with PhSiH3.
The dimeric β-diketiminato magnesium hydride, [(BDI)MgH]2, reacts at 80 °C with the terminal alkenes, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 3-phenyl-1-propene and 3,3-dimethyl-butene to provide the respective n-hexyl, n-octyl, 3-phenylpropyl and 3,3-dimethyl-butyl magnesium organometallics. The facility for and the regiodiscrimination of these reactions are profoundly affected by the steric demands of the alkene reagent. Reactions with the phenyl-substituted alkenes, styrene and 1,1-diphenylethene, require a more elevated temperature of 100 °C with styrene providing a mixture of the 2-phenylethyl and 1-phenylethyl products over 7 days. Although the reaction with 1,1-diphenylethene yields the magnesium 1,1-diphenylethyl derivative as the sole reaction product, only 64% conversion was achieved over a 21 day timeframe. Reactions with the α,ω-dienes, 1,5-hexadiene and 1,7-octadiene, provided divergent results. The initial 5-alkenyl magnesium reaction product of the shorter chain diene undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclisation via intramolecular carbomagnesiation to provide a cyclopentylmethyl derivative, which was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis to exist as a three-coordinate monomer. In contrast, 1,7-octadiene provided a mixture of two compounds, a magnesium oct-7-en-1-yl derivative and a dimagnesium-octane-1,4-diide, as a result of single or two-fold activation of the terminal C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C double bonds. The magnesium hydride was unreactive towards internal alkenes apart from the strained bicycle, norbornene, allowing the characterisation of the resultant three-coordinate magnesium norbornyl derivative by X-ray diffraction analysis. Computational analysis of the reaction between [(BDI)MgH]2 and 1-hexene using density functional theory (DFT) indicated that the initial Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion process is rate determining and takes place at the intact magnesium hydride dimer. This exothermic reaction (ΔH = –14.1 kcal mol–1) traverses a barrier of 18.9 kcal mol–1 and results in the rupture of the dinuclear structure into magnesium alkyl and hydride species. Although the latter three-coordinate hydride derivative may be prone to redimerisation, it can also provide a further pathway to magnesium alkyl species through its direct reaction with a further equivalent of 1-hexene, which occurs via a lower barrier of 15.1 kcal mol–1. This Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion reactivity provides the basis for the catalytic hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes with PhSiH3, which proceeds with a preference for the formation of the anti-Markovnikov organosilane product. Further DFT calculations reveal that the catalytic reaction is predicated on a sequence of Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion and classical Si–H/Mg–C σ-bond metathesis reactions, the latter of which, with a barrier height of 24.9 kcal mol–1, is found to be rate determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS , INSA , UPS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS , INSA , UPS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
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Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Andrews AP, Varghese B, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. A Dicationic Bismuth(III) Lewis Acid: Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Olefins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Vithura Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; 560012 Bangalore India
| | - Alex P. Andrews
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Vithura Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Babu Varghese
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; 560012 Bangalore India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram; 695551 Vithura Thiruvananthapuram India
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40
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Mondol R, Otten E. Aluminum Complexes with Redox-Active Formazanate Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reduction Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6344-6355. [PMID: 30978008 PMCID: PMC6506801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
synthesis of aluminum complexes with redox-active formazanate
ligands is described. Salt metathesis using AlCl3 was shown
to form a five-coordinate complex with two formazanate ligands, whereas
organometallic aluminum starting materials yield tetrahedral mono(formazanate)
aluminum compounds. The aluminum diphenyl derivative was successfully
converted to the iodide complex (formazanate)AlI2, and
a comparison of spectroscopic/structural data for these new complexes
is provided. Characterization by cyclic voltammetry is supplemented
by chemical reduction to demonstrate that ligand-based redox reactions
are accessible in these compounds. The possibility to obtain a formazanate
aluminum(I) carbenoid species by two-electron reduction was examined
by experimental and computational studies, which highlight the potential
impact of the nitrogen-rich formazanate ligand on the electronic structure
of compounds with this ligand. The synthesis of a series
of aluminum complexes with redox-active
formazanate ligands is described and crystallographic, spectroscopic,
and voltammetric characterization data are presented. The reduction
chemistry of these newly synthesized complexes has been explored and
the results are supported by a computational (DFT) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Mondol
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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41
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Franz D, Inoue S. Cationic Complexes of Boron and Aluminum: An Early 21st Century Viewpoint. Chemistry 2018; 25:2898-2926. [PMID: 30113744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron and aluminum are lighter Group 13 elements, found in daily life commodities, and considered environmentally benign. Nevertheless, they markedly differ in their elemental properties (e.g., metal character, atomic radius). The use of Lewis acidic complexes of boron and aluminum for methods of bond activation and catalysis (e.g., hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates, polymerization of olefins and epoxides) is quickly expanding. The introduction of cationic charge may boost the metalloid-centered Lewis acidity and allow for its fine-tuning particularly with regard to preference for "hard" or "soft" Lewis bases (i.e., substrates). Especially the isolation of low-coordinate cations (number of ligand atoms smaller than four) demands elaborate techniques of thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization (i.e., electronic saturation and steric shielding) by a ligand system. Furthermore, the properties of the solvent and the counteranion must be considered with care. Here, selected examples of boron and aluminum cations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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Caise A, Jones D, Kolychev EL, Hicks J, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. On the Viability of Catalytic Turnover via Al−O/B−H Metathesis: The Reactivity of β-Diketiminate Aluminium Hydrides towards CO2
and Boranes. Chemistry 2018; 24:13624-13635. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Dafydd Jones
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Eugene L. Kolychev
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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43
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Dagorne S, Wehmschulte R. Recent Developments on the Use of Group 13 Metal Complexes in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Rudolf Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne FL 32901 USA
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44
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Liu J, Chen W, Li J, Cui C. Rare-Earth-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Aryl-Substituted Internal Alkenes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wufeng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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45
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Yan LJ, Wang JL, Xu D, Burgess KS, Zhu AF, Rao YY, Chen XB, Wang YC. Chemically Sustainable and Green One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Polycyclic N
-Fused-Pyrrolidine Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yan
- School of Vocational and Technical Education; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092, PR China
| | - Jun-Liang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University, Kunming; 650091, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Vocational and Technical Education; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092, PR China
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of Biology; College of Letters & Sciences; Columbus State University; University System of Georgia, Columbus, GA; USA
| | - Ai-Fei Zhu
- School of Vocational and Technical Education; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092, PR China
| | - Yan-Ying Rao
- School of Vocational and Technical Education; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092, PR China
| | - Xue-Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical and Chemical Biology of Yunnan Province; School of Science; Honghe University, Mengzi, Yunnan; 661199, PR China
| | - Yong-Chao Wang
- School of Vocational and Technical Education; Yunnan Normal University; Kunming 650092, PR China
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46
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Sinhababu S, Kundu S, Paesch AN, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. A Route to Aluminumdiisocyanate and -diisothiocyanate from an Al(I) Precursor. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexander N. Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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47
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Kiriratnikom J, Chotchatchawankul S, Haesuwannakij S, Kiatisevi S, Phomphrai K. Synthesis and characterization of neutral and cationic aluminum complexes supported by a furfuryl-containing aminophenolate ligand for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear aluminum complexes supported by novel furfuryl-containing aminophenolate ligand are reported along with CL polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sucheewin Chotchatchawankul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | - Setsiri Haesuwannakij
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
| | | | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)
- Rayong
- Thailand
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48
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Soluble aluminum hydrides function as catalysts in deprotonation, insertion, and activation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Lin F, Wang M, Cui D. Renewable Benzofuran Polymerization Initiated by Lewis Acid Al(C6F5)3 and Mechanism. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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50
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Hofmann RJ, Vlatković M, Wiesbrock F. Fifty Years of Hydrosilylation in Polymer Science: A Review of Current Trends of Low-Cost Transition-Metal and Metal-Free Catalysts, Non-Thermally Triggered Hydrosilylation Reactions, and Industrial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E534. [PMID: 30965835 PMCID: PMC6418815 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrosilylation reactions, the (commonly) anti-Markovnikov additions of silanes to unsaturated bonds present in compounds such as alkenes and alkynes, offer numerous unique and advantageous properties for the preparation of polymeric materials, such as high yields and stereoselectivity. These reactions require to be catalyzed, for which platinum compounds were used in the initial stages. Celebrating the 50th anniversary of hydrosilylations in polymer science and, concomitantly, five decades of continuously growing research, hydrosilylation reactions have advanced to a level that renders them predestined for transfer into commercial products on the large scale. Facing this potential transfer, this review addresses and discusses selected current trends of the scientific research in the area, namely low-cost transition metal catalysts (focusing on iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes), metal-free catalysts, non-thermally triggered hydrosilylation reactions (highlighting stimuli such as (UV-)light), and (potential) industrial applications (highlighting the catalysts used and products manufactured). This review focuses on the hydrosilylation reactions involving alkene reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Hofmann
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Matea Vlatković
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
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