1
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Khanppnavar B, Choo JPS, Hagedoorn PL, Smolentsev G, Štefanić S, Kumaran S, Tischler D, Winkler FK, Korkhov VM, Li Z, Kammerer RA, Li X. Structural basis of the Meinwald rearrangement catalysed by styrene oxide isomerase. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1496-1504. [PMID: 38744914 PMCID: PMC11374702 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-bound styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) catalyses the Meinwald rearrangement-a Lewis-acid-catalysed isomerization of an epoxide to a carbonyl compound-and has been used in single and cascade reactions. However, the structural information that explains its reaction mechanism has remained elusive. Here we determine cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of SOI bound to a single-domain antibody with and without the competitive inhibitor benzylamine, and elucidate the catalytic mechanism using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional assays, biophysical methods and docking experiments. We find ferric haem b bound at the subunit interface of the trimeric enzyme through H58, where Fe(III) acts as the Lewis acid by binding to the epoxide oxygen. Y103 and N64 and a hydrophobic pocket binding the oxygen of the epoxide and the aryl group, respectively, position substrates in a manner that explains the high regio-selectivity and stereo-specificity of SOI. Our findings can support extending the range of epoxide substrates and be used to potentially repurpose SOI for the catalysis of new-to-nature Fe-based chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavraj Khanppnavar
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joel P S Choo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saša Štefanić
- Nanobody Service Facility. AgroVet-Strickhof, University of Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Volodymyr M Korkhov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Richard A Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
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2
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Ran L, Lin Y, Su G, Yang Z, Teng H. Co-Immobilization of ADH and GDH on Metal-Organic-Framework: An Effective Biocatalyst for Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400147. [PMID: 38629211 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chiral alcohols are not only important building blocks of various bioactive natural compounds and pharmaceuticals, but can serve as synthetic precursors for other valuable organic chemicals, thus the synthesis of these products is of great importance. Bio-catalysis represents one effective way to obtain these molecules, however, the weak stability and high cost of enzymes often hinder its broad application. In this work, we designed a biological nanoreactor by embedding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in metal-organic-framework ZIF-8. The biocatalyst ADH&GDH@ZIF-8 could be applied to the asymmetric reduction of a series of ketones to give chiral alcohols in high yields (up to 99 %) and with excellent enantioselectivities (>99 %). In addition, the heterogeneous biocatalyst could be recycled and reused at least four times with slight activity decline. Moreover, E. coli containing ADH and GDH was immobilized by ZIF-8 to form biocatalyst E. coli@ZIF-8, which also exhibits good catalytic behaviours. Finally, the chiral alcohols are further converted to marketed drugs (R)-Fendiline, (S)-Rivastigmine and NPS R-568 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ran
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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3
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Ghosal S, Das A, Roy D, Dasgupta J. Tuning light-driven oxidation of styrene inside water-soluble nanocages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1810. [PMID: 38418497 PMCID: PMC10902312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective functionalization of innate sp2 C-H bonds under ambient conditions is a grand synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. Here we combine host-guest charge transfer-based photoredox chemistry with supramolecular nano-confinement to achieve selective carbonylation of styrene by tuning the dioxygen concentration. We observe exclusive photocatalytic formation of benzaldehyde under excess O2 (>1 atm) while Markovnikov addition of water produced acetophenone in deoxygenated condition upon photoexcitation of confined styrene molecules inside a water-soluble cationic nanocage. Further by careful tuning of the nanocage size, electronics, and guest preorganization, we demonstrate rate enhancement of benzaldehyde formation and a complete switchover to the anti-Markovnikov product, 2-phenylethan-1-ol, in the absence of O2. Raman spectroscopy, 2D 1H-1H NMR correlation experiments, and transient absorption spectroscopy establish that the site-selective control on the confined photoredox chemistry originates from an optimal preorganization of styrene molecules inside the cavity. We envision that the demonstrated host-guest charge transfer photoredox paradigm in combination with green atom-transfer reagents will enable a broad range of sp2 carbon-site functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Debojyoti Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India.
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4
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Grandi E, Feyza Özgen F, Schmidt S, Poelarends GJ. Enzymatic Oxy- and Amino-Functionalization in Biocatalytic Cascade Synthesis: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309012. [PMID: 37639631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades are a powerful tool for building complex molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen functionalities. Moreover, the combination of multiple enzymes in one pot offers the possibility to minimize downstream processing and waste production. In this review, we illustrate various recent efforts in the development of multi-step syntheses involving C-O and C-N bond-forming enzymes to produce high value-added compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and polymer precursors. Both in vitro and in vivo examples are discussed, revealing the respective advantages and drawbacks. The use of engineered enzymes to boost the cascades outcome is also addressed and current co-substrate and cofactor recycling strategies are presented, highlighting the importance of atom economy. Finally, tools to overcome current challenges for multi-enzymatic oxy- and amino-functionalization reactions are discussed, including flow systems with immobilized biocatalysts and cascades in confined nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhang Y, Meng W, He Y, Chen Y, Shao M, Yuan J. Multidimensional optimization for accelerating light-powered biocatalysis in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:160. [PMID: 37891652 PMCID: PMC10612212 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-cell biocatalysis has been exploited to convert a variety of substrates into high-value bulk or chiral fine chemicals. However, the traditional whole-cell biocatalysis typically utilizes the heterotrophic microbes as the biocatalyst, which requires carbohydrates to power the cofactor (ATP, NAD (P)H) regeneration. RESULTS In this study, we sought to harness purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB) as the biocatalyst to achieve light-driven cofactor regeneration for cascade biocatalysis. We substantially improved the performance of Rhodopseudomonas palustris-based biocatalysis using a highly active and conditional expression system, blocking the side-reactions, controlling the feeding strategy, and attenuating the light shading effect. Under light-anaerobic conditions, we found that 50 mM ferulic acid could be completely converted to vanillyl alcohol using the recombinant strain with 100% efficiency, and > 99.9% conversion of 50 mM p-coumaric acid to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was similarly achieved. Moreover, we examined the isoprenol utilization pathway for pinene synthesis and 92% conversion of 30 mM isoprenol to pinene was obtained. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that R. palustris could be a promising host for light-powered biotransformation, which offers an efficient approach for synthesizing value-added chemicals in a green and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wenchang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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6
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Lin XC, Wang YM, Chen X, You PY, Mo KM, Ning GH, Li D. A Photosensitizing Metal-Organic Framework as a Tandem Reaction Catalyst for Primary Alcohols from Terminal Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306497. [PMID: 37259979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the wide and growing demand for primary alcohols, the development of efficient catalysts with high regioselectivity remains a worthwhile pursuit. However, according to Markovnikov's rule, it is a challenge to obtain primary alcohols with high yields and regioselectivity from terminal alkenes or alkynes. Herein, we report the synthesis of a photosensitizing two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) from cyclic trinuclear copper(I) units (Cu-CTUs) and a boron dipyrro-methene (Bodipy) ligand. The MOF features broadband light absorption, excellent photoinduced charge separation efficiency, and photochemical properties. By integrating the copper-catalyzed hydroboration and photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation, it can catalyze terminal alkenes and alkynes to produce primary alcohols via a one-pot tandem reaction with excellent regioselectivity, good overall yields in two-step reactions (up to 85 %), broad substrate compatibility (32 examples) and good reusability under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Ye You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Ming Mo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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7
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Escorihuela J, Lledós A, Ujaque G. Anti-Markovnikov Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes: A Mechanistic View. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9139-9203. [PMID: 37406078 PMCID: PMC10416226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroamination, the addition of an N-H bond across a C-C multiple bond, is a reaction with a great synthetic potential. Important advances have been made in the last decades concerning catalysis of these reactions. However, controlling the regioselectivity in the amine addition toward the formation of anti-Markovnikov products (addition to the less substituted carbon) still remains a challenge, particularly in intermolecular hydroaminations of alkenes and alkynes. The goal of this review is to collect the systems in which intermolecular hydroamination of terminal alkynes and alkenes with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity has been achieved. The focus will be placed on the mechanistic aspects of such reactions, to discern the step at which regioselectivity is decided and to unravel the factors that favor the anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity. In addition to the processes entailing direct addition of the amine to the C-C multiple bond, alternative pathways, involving several reactions to accomplish anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity (formal hydroamination processes), will also be discussed in this review. The catalysts gathered embrace most of the metal groups of the Periodic Table. Finally, a section discussing radical-mediated and metal-free approaches, as well as heterogeneous catalyzed processes, is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de València, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament
de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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8
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See WWL, Li Z. Styrene Oxide Isomerase-Catalyzed Meinwald Rearrangement in Cascade Biotransformations: Synthesis of Chiral and/or Natural Chemicals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300102. [PMID: 36740917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) catalyzes the Meinwald rearrangement of aryl epoxides to carbonyl compounds via a 1,2-trans-shift in a stereospecific manner. A number of cascade biotransformations with SOI-catalyzed epoxide isomerization as a key step have been developed to convert readily available substrates into valuable chiral chemicals. Cascade conversion of terminal or internal alkenes into chiral acids, alcohols or amines was achieved, which involved SOI-catalyzed enantio-retentive isomerization of terminal epoxides via 1,2-H shift, or internal epoxides via 1,2-methyl shift. SOI-involved cascades were also developed to convert racemic epoxides into chiral acids or amines via dynamic kinetic resolution. Additionally, combining SOI-catalyzed isomerization with enantioselective C-C bond forming enzymes enabled the synthesis of chiral amino acids or amino alcohols from racemic epoxides. Finally, integration of SOI-involved cascades with biosynthesis pathways allowed for the direct utilization of renewable substrates for the sustainable synthesis of high-value natural chemicals such as alcohols, acids, and esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy W L See
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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9
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McDonald AD, Bruffy SK, Kasat AT, Buller AR. Engineering Enzyme Substrate Scope Complementarity for Promiscuous Cascade Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212637. [PMID: 36136093 PMCID: PMC9643649 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades are uniquely powerful for the efficient, asymmetric synthesis of bioactive compounds. However, high substrate specificity can hinder the scope of biocatalytic cascades because the constituent enzymes may have non-complementary activity. In this study, we implemented a substrate multiplexed screening (SUMS) based directed evolution approach to improve the substrate scope overlap between a transaldolase (ObiH) and a decarboxylase for the production of chiral 1,2-amino alcohols. To generate a promiscuous cascade, we engineered a tryptophan decarboxylase to act efficiently on β-OH amino acids while avoiding activity on l-threonine, which is needed for ObiH activity. We leveraged this exquisite selectivity with matched substrate scope to produce a variety of enantiopure 1,2-amino alcohols in a one-pot cascade from aldehydes or styrene oxides. This demonstration shows how SUMS can be used to guide the development of promiscuous, C-C bond forming cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allwin D. McDonald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Samantha K. Bruffy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Aadhishre T. Kasat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
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10
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Wang G, Wang M, Yang J, Li Q, Zhu N, Liu L, Hu X, Yang X. De novo Synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6825456. [PMID: 36370454 PMCID: PMC9923381 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2- PE) is an aromatic alcohol with wide applications, but there is still no efficient microbial cell factory for 2-PE based on Escherichia coli. In this study, we constructed a metabolically engineered E. coli capable of de novo synthesis of 2-PE from glucose. Firstly, the heterologous styrene-derived and Ehrlich pathways were individually constructed in an L-Phe producer. The results showed that the Ehrlich pathway was better suited to the host than the styrene-derived pathway, resulting in a higher 2-PE titer of ∼0.76 ± 0.02 g/L after 72 h of shake flask fermentation. Furthermore, the phenylacetic acid synthase encoded by feaB was deleted to decrease the consumption of 2-phenylacetaldehyde, and the 2-PE titer increased to 1.75 ± 0.08 g/L. As phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important precursor for L-Phe synthesis, both the crr and pykF genes were knocked out, leading to ∼35% increase of the 2-PE titer, which reached 2.36 ± 0.06 g/L. Finally, a plasmid-free engineered strain was constructed based on the Ehrlich pathway by integrating multiple ARO10 cassettes (encoding phenylpyruvate decarboxylases) and overexpressing the yjgB gene. The engineered strain produced 2.28 ± 0.20 g/L of 2-PE with a yield of 0.076 g/g glucose and productivity of 0.048 g/L/h. To our best knowledge, this is the highest titer and productivity ever reported for the de novo synthesis of 2-PE in E. coli. In a 5-L fermenter, the 2-PE titer reached 2.15 g/L after 32 h of fermentation, suggesting that the strain has the potential to efficiently produce higher 2-PE titers following further fermentation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinchu Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxi Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmei Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xuepeng Yang, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road 5, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China. Tel.: +86-152-3712-7687; Fax: +86-0371-8660-8262; E-mail:
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11
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Meza A, Campbell ME, Zmich A, Thein SA, Grieger AM, McGill MJ, Willoughby PH, Buller AR. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of α-aryl aldehydes as intermediates in C-C bond forming biocatalytic cascades. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10700-10710. [PMID: 36420479 PMCID: PMC9681013 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascades are emerging as practical routes for the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules. However, the relative sparsity of water-stable carbon electrophiles limits the synthetic complexity of molecules made from such cascades. Here, we develop a chemoenzymatic platform that leverages styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) to covert readily accessible aryl epoxides into α-aryl aldehydes through a Meinwald rearrangement. These unstable aldehyde intermediates are then intercepted with a C-C bond forming enzyme, ObiH, that catalyzes a transaldolase reaction with l-threonine to yield synthetically challenging β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. Co-expression of both enzymes in E. coli yields a whole cell biocatalyst capable of synthesizing a variety of stereopure non-standard amino acids (nsAA) and can be produced on gram-scale. We used isotopically labelled substrates to probe the mechanism of SOI, which we show catalyzes a concerted isomerization featuring a stereospecific 1,2-hydride shift. The viability of in situ generated α-aryl aldehydes was further established by intercepting them with a recently engineered decarboxylative aldolase to yield γ-hydroxy nsAAs. Together, these data establish a versatile method of producing α-aryl aldehydes in simple, whole cell conditions and show that these intermediates are useful synthons in C‒C bond forming cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Meghan E. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anna Zmich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sierra A. Thein
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Abbigail M. Grieger
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Matthew J. McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Patrick H. Willoughby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 W Seward St., Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Lin H, Meng Y, Li N, Tang Y, Dong S, Wu Z, Xu C, Kazlauskas R, Chen H. Enzymatic Enantioselective anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of Aryl Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206472. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yinyin Meng
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Na Li
- College of Biological Engineering Henan University of Technology 100 Lianhua Street Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Shuang Dong
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Zhongliu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology & Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Cuilian Xu
- College of Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Romas Kazlauskas
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics and the BioTechnology Institute University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
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13
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Xin R, See WWL, Yun H, Li X, Li Z. Enzyme-Catalyzed Meinwald Rearrangement with an Unusual Regioselective and Stereospecific 1,2-Methyl Shift. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204889. [PMID: 35535736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Meinwald rearrangement is a synthetically useful reaction but often lacks regioselectivity and stereocontrol. A significant challenge in the Meinwald rearrangement of internal epoxides is the non-regioselective migration of different substituents to give a mixture of products. Herein, an enzyme-catalyzed regioselective and stereospecific 1,2-methyl shift in the Meinwald rearrangement of internal epoxides is reported. Styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) catalyzed the unique isomerization of internal epoxides through 1,2-methyl shift without 1,2-hydride shift to give the corresponding aldehydes and a cyclic ketone as the sole product. SOI-catalyzed isomerization showed high stereospecificity, fully retaining the stereoconfiguration. The synthetic utility of this enzymatic Meinwald rearrangement was demonstrated by its incorporation into three new types of enantioselective cascades, to convert trans-β-methyl styrenes into the corresponding R-configured alcohols, acids, or amines in high ee and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Xin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Willy W L See
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hui Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xirui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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14
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Lin H, Meng Y, Li N, Tang Y, Dong S, Wu Z, Xu C, Kazlauskas R, Chen H. Enzymatic Enantioselective anti‐Markovnikov Hydration of Aryl Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Henan Agricultural University College of Life Science 95 Wenhua Road 450002 Zhengzhou CHINA
| | - Yinyin Meng
- Henan Agricultural University College of Life Sciences CHINA
| | - Na Li
- Henan University of Technology College of Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Henan Agricultural University College of Life Sciences CHINA
| | - Shuang Dong
- Henan Agricultural University College of Life Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhongliu Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology CHINA
| | - Cuilian Xu
- Henan Agricultural University College of Sciences CHINA
| | - Romas Kazlauskas
- University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics CHINA
| | - Hongge Chen
- Henan Agricultural University College of Life Sciences CHINA
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15
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Xin R, See WWL, Yun H, Li X, Li Z. Enzyme‐Catalyzed Meinwald Rearrangement with an Unusual Regioselective and Stereospecific 1,2‐Methyl Shift. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Xin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Willy W. L. See
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Hui Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Xirui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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16
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Choo JPS, Li Z. Styrene Oxide Isomerase Catalyzed Meinwald Rearrangement Reaction: Discovery and Application in Single-Step and One-Pot Cascade Reactions. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel P. S. Choo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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17
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Pajk SP, Qi Z, Sujansky SJ, Bandar JS. A Base-Catalyzed Approach for the anti-Markovnikov Hydration of Styrene Derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11427-11432. [PMID: 36320585 PMCID: PMC9533481 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The base-catalyzed addition of 1-cyclopropylethanol to styrene derivatives with an acidic reaction workup enables anti-Markovnikov hydration. The use of either catalytic organic superbase or crown ether-ligated inorganic base permits hydration of a wide variety of styrene derivatives, including electron-deficient, ortho-substituted and heteroaryl variants. This protocol complements alternative routes to terminal alcohols that rely on stoichiometric reduction and oxidation processes. The utility of this method is demonstrated through multigram scale reactions and its use in a two-step hydration/cyclization process of ortho-halogenated styrenes to prepare 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives. The base-catalyzed addition of 1-cyclopropylethanol to vinyl (hetero)arenes sequenced with an acidic reaction workup enables anti-Markovnikov hydration in a complementary fashion to traditional hydroboration/oxidation protocols.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pajk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Zisong Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stephen J Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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18
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Manfrão‐Netto JHC, Lund F, Muratovska N, Larsson EM, Parachin NS, Carlquist M. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of vanillylamine from lignin-derived substrates. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2448-2462. [PMID: 33533574 PMCID: PMC8601178 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell bioconversion of technical lignins using Pseudomonas putida strains overexpressing amine transaminases (ATAs) has the potential to become an eco-efficient route to produce phenolic amines. Here, a novel cell growth-based screening method to evaluate the in vivo activity of recombinant ATAs towards vanillylamine in P. putida KT2440 was developed. It allowed the identification of the native enzyme Pp-SpuC-II and ATA from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ATA) as highly active towards vanillylamine in vivo. Overexpression of Pp-SpuC-II and Cv-ATA in the strain GN442ΔPP_2426, previously engineered for reduced vanillin assimilation, resulted in 94- and 92-fold increased specific transaminase activity, respectively. Whole-cell bioconversion of vanillin yielded 0.70 ± 0.20 mM and 0.92 ± 0.30 mM vanillylamine, for Pp-SpuC-II and Cv-ATA, respectively. Still, amine production was limited by a substantial re-assimilation of the product and formation of the by-products vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Concomitant overexpression of Cv-ATA and alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis increased the production of vanillylamine with ammonium as the only nitrogen source and a reduction in the amount of amine product re-assimilation. Identification and deletion of additional native genes encoding oxidoreductases acting on vanillin are crucial engineering targets for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik Lund
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Nina Muratovska
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Elin M. Larsson
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Department of BioengineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 East California BlvdPasadenaCA91125USA
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo Engenharia de BiocatalisadoresInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
- Present address:
Ginkgo Bioworks27 Drydock AveBostonMA02210USA
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringLund UniversityPO Box 124Lund221 00Sweden
- Present address:
Applied MicrobiologyLund UniversityKemicentrum, Naturvetarvägen 14Lund22100Sweden
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19
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Photocatalytic
Anti
‐Markovnikov Radical Hydro‐ and Aminooxygenation of Unactivated Alkenes Tuned by Ketoxime Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Lai SQ, Wei BY, Wang JW, Yu W, Han B. Photocatalytic Anti-Markovnikov Radical Hydro- and Aminooxygenation of Unactivated Alkenes Tuned by Ketoxime Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21997-22003. [PMID: 34255913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A tunable photocatalytic method is reported for anti-Markovnikov hydro- and aminooxygenation of unactivated alkenes using readily accessible ketoxime carbonates as the diverse functionalization reagents. Mechanistic studies reveal that this reaction is initiated through an energy-transfer-promoted N-O bond homolysis of ketoxime carbonates leading to alkoxylcarbonyloxyl and iminyl radicals under visible-light photocatalysis, followed by the addition of alkoxylcarbonyloxyl radical to alkenes. By taking advantage of the different stability of the iminyl radicals, the generated carbon radical either abstracts a hydrogen atom from the media to form the anti-Markovnikov hydrooxygenation product, or it is trapped by the persistent iminyl radical to furnish the aminooxygenation product. Notably, this is the first example of direct hydrooxygenation of unactivated olefins with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity involving an oxygen-centered radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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21
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Wu JF, Wan NW, Li YN, Wang QP, Cui BD, Han WY, Chen YZ. Regiodivergent and stereoselective hydroxyazidation of alkenes by biocatalytic cascades. iScience 2021; 24:102883. [PMID: 34401667 PMCID: PMC8353479 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric functionalization of alkenes allows the direct synthesis of a wide range of chiral compounds. Vicinal hydroxyazidation of alkenes provides a desirable path to 1,2-azidoalcohols; however, existing methods are limited by the control of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. Herein, we describe a dual-enzyme cascade strategy for regiodivergent and stereoselective hydroxyazidation of alkenes, affording various enantiomerically pure 1,2-azidoalcohols. The biocatalytic cascade process is designed by combining styrene monooxygenase-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes and halohydrin dehalogenase-catalyzed regioselective ring opening of epoxides with azide. Additionally, a one-pot chemo-enzymatic route to chiral β-hydroxytriazoles from alkenes is developed via combining the biocatalytic cascades and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ying-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qing-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, , Zunyi, 563000, China
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22
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Hall M. Enzymatic strategies for asymmetric synthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:958-989. [PMID: 34458820 PMCID: PMC8341948 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes, at the turn of the 21st century, are gaining a momentum. Especially in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, a broad variety of biocatalysts are being applied in an increasing number of processes running at up to industrial scale. In addition to the advantages of employing enzymes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions, synthetic chemists are recognizing the value of enzymes connected to the exquisite selectivity of these natural (or engineered) catalysts. The use of hydrolases in enantioselective protocols paved the way to the application of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis, in particular in the context of biocatalytic (dynamic) kinetic resolutions. After two decades of impressive development, the field is now mature to propose a panel of catalytically diverse enzymes for (i) stereoselective reactions with prochiral compounds, such as double bond reduction and bond forming reactions, (ii) formal enantioselective replacement of one of two enantiotopic groups of prochiral substrates, as well as (iii) atroposelective reactions with noncentrally chiral compounds. In this review, the major enzymatic strategies broadly applicable in the asymmetric synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds are presented, with a focus on the reactions developed within the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz Austria
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23
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Zhou X, Wan N, Li Y, Ma R, Cui B, Han W, Chen Y. Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure Oxazolidinones via Biocatalytic Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Nan‐Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Bao‐Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University 563000 Zunyi People's Republic of China
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24
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Choo JPS, Kammerer RA, Li X, Li Z. High‐Level Production of Phenylacetaldehyde using Fusion‐Tagged Styrene Oxide Isomerase. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel P. S. Choo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore
| | - Richard A. Kammerer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Division of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research Division of Biology and Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore
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25
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Wang Z, Sundara Sekar B, Li Z. Recent advances in artificial enzyme cascades for the production of value-added chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124551. [PMID: 33360113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme cascades are efficient tools to perform multi-step synthesis in one-pot in a green and sustainable manner, enabling non-natural synthesis of valuable chemicals from easily available substrates by artificially combining two or more enzymes. Bioproduction of many high-value chemicals such as chiral and highly functionalised molecules have been achieved by developing new enzyme cascades. This review summarizes recent advances on engineering and application of enzyme cascades to produce high-value chemicals (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, etc) from simple starting materials. While 2-step enzyme cascades are developed for versatile enantioselective synthesis, multi-step enzyme cascades are engineered to functionalise basic chemicals, such as styrenes, cyclic alkanes, and aromatic compounds. New cascade reactions have also been developed for producing valuable chemicals from bio-based substrates, such as ʟ-phenylalanine, and renewable feedstocks such as glucose and glycerol. The challenges in current process and future outlooks in the development of enzyme cascades are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Balaji Sundara Sekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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26
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Paul CE, Eggerichs D, Westphal AH, Tischler D, van Berkel WJH. Flavoprotein monooxygenases: Versatile biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107712. [PMID: 33588053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavoprotein monooxygenases (FPMOs) are single- or two-component enzymes that catalyze a diverse set of chemo-, regio- and enantioselective oxyfunctionalization reactions. In this review, we describe how FPMOs have evolved from model enzymes in mechanistic flavoprotein research to biotechnologically relevant catalysts that can be applied for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals. After a historical account of the development of the FPMO field, we explain the FPMO classification system, which is primarily based on protein structural properties and electron donor specificities. We then summarize the most appealing reactions catalyzed by each group with a focus on the different types of oxygenation chemistries. Wherever relevant, we report engineering strategies that have been used to improve the robustness and applicability of FPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Eggerichs
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Streiff S, Jérôme F. Hydroamination of non-activated alkenes with ammonia: a holy grail in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1512-1521. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the hydroamination of non-activated alkenes with simple amines, with a special focus on ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Streiff
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers
- University of Poitiers
- ENSIP
- 86073 Poitiers
- France
| | - François Jérôme
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory
- UMI 3464 CNRS/Solvay
- Shanghai 201108
- China
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28
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Sekar BS, Mao J, Lukito BR, Wang Z, Li Z. Bioproduction of Enantiopure (
R
)‐ and (
S
)‐2‐Phenylglycinols from Styrenes and Renewable Feedstocks. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sundara Sekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Jiwei Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Benedict Ryan Lukito
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI) Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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29
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Zhu Y, Yang T, Chen Y, Fan C, Yuan J. One‐Pot Synthesis of Aromatic Amines from Renewable Feedstocks via Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Taiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Yueyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Cong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University Fujian 361102 PR China
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30
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Han H, Xu B, Zeng W, Zhou J. Regulating the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with riboswitch to enhance L-DOPA production by Escherichia coli whole-cell biotransformation. J Biotechnol 2020; 321:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Cui C, Lin H, Pu W, Guo C, Liu Y, Pei XQ, Wu ZL. Asymmetric Epoxidation and Sulfoxidation Catalyzed by a New Styrene Monooxygenase from Bradyrhizobium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:65-78. [PMID: 32808246 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric epoxidation catalyzed with styrene monooxygenase (SMO) is a powerful enzymatic process producing enantiopure styrene epoxide derivatives. To establish a more diversified reservoir of SMOs, a new SMO from Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS 375, named BrSMO, was mined from the database and characterized. BrSMO was constituted of an epoxygenase component of 415 amino acid residues and an NADH-dependent flavin reductase component of 175 residues. BrSMO catalyzed the epoxidation of styrene and 7 more styrene derivatives, yielding the corresponding (S)-epoxides with excellent enantiomeric excesses (95- > 99% ee), with the highest activity achieved for styrene. BrSMO also catalyzed the asymmetric sulfoxidation of 7 sulfides, producing the corresponding (R)-sulfoxides (20-90% ee) with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wei Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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32
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Zeng B, Lai Y, Liu L, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Yuan J. Engineering Escherichia coli for High-Yielding Hydroxytyrosol Synthesis from Biobased l-Tyrosine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7691-7696. [PMID: 32578426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a natural antioxidant with many associated health benefits. In this study, we established efficient enzymatic cascades for the synthesis of HT from biobased l-tyrosine. First, a dopamine-mediated route for HT production was investigated. The combination of native hydroxylase (HpaBC) from Escherichia coli and l-DOPA decarboxylase (DODC) from Pseudomonas putida could efficiently convert 5 mM l-tyrosine into dopamine with conversion above 90%. However, further incorporation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) from Micrococcus luteus and phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) from Solanum lycopersicum only resulted in 3.47 mM HT with 69.4% conversion. Therefore, a second enzyme cascade that comprises HpaBC from E. coli, l-amino acid deaminase (LAAD) from Proteus mirabilis, α-keto acid decarboxylase (ARO10) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and PAR from S. lycopersicum was designed. This enzymatic route showed higher catalytic activity and efficiently synthesized HT. The 24.27 mM HT was obtained from 25 mM l-tyrosine with a high conversion of 97.1%, and 32.35 mM HT was produced using 50 mM l-tyrosine, which represents the highest HT titer using l-tyrosine as a substrate reported to date. In summary, we have developed a green and sustainable platform for efficient HT enzymatic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yumeng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
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33
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Tischler D, Kumpf A, Eggerichs D, Heine T. Styrene monooxygenases, indole monooxygenases and related flavoproteins applied in bioremediation and biocatalysis. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES: MECHANISMS, STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 47:399-425. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Heine T, Scholtissek A, Hofmann S, Koch R, Tischler D. Accessing Enantiopure Epoxides and Sulfoxides: Related Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenases Provide Reversed Enantioselectivity. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heine
- Institute of BiosciencesTU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany
| | - Anika Scholtissek
- Institute of BiosciencesTU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Institute of BiosciencesTU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany
| | - Rainhard Koch
- Engineering & TechnologyBayer AG Leverkusen 51368 Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Institute of BiosciencesTU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg 09599 Germany
- Microbial BiotechnologyRuhr University Bochum Bochum 44780 Germany
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35
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Vorster A, Smit MS, Opperman DJ. One-Pot Conversion of Cinnamaldehyde to 2-Phenylethanol via a Biosynthetic Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:7024-7027. [PMID: 31423791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel biosynthetic pathway for the production of natural 2-phenylethanol from cinnamaldehyde is reported. An ene-reductase (OYE)-mediated selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamaldehyde is followed by a regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation (BVMO) to produce the corresponding formate ester that either spontaneously hydrolyzes to 2-phenylethanol in water or is assisted by a formate dehydrogenase (FDH). This cascade reaction is performed in a one-pot fashion at ambient temperature and pressure. High selectivity and complete conversion were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Vorster
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Martha S Smit
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Diederik J Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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36
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Ma W, Zhang X, Fan J, Liu Y, Tang W, Xue D, Li C, Xiao J, Wang C. Iron-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination and Hydroamidation of Allylic Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13506-13515. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China
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37
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Xiong T, Jiang J, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Cai Y. Redox self-sufficient biocatalyst system for conversion of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine into (R)- or (S)-3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1081-1090. [PMID: 31201648 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed an efficient multi-enzyme cascade reaction to produce (R)- or (S)-3,4-Dihydroxyphenyllactic acid [(R)- or (S)-Danshensu, (R)- or (S)-DSS] from 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) in Escherichia coli by introducing tyrosine aminotransferase (tyrB), glutamate dehydrogenase (cdgdh) and D-aromatic lactate dehydrogenase (csldhD) or L-aromatic lactate dehydrogenase (tcldhL). First, the genes in the pathway were overexpressed and fine-tuned for (R)- or (S)-DSS production. The resulting strain, E. coli TGL 2.1 and E. coli TGL 2.2, which overexpressed tyrB with the stronger T7 promoter and cdgdh, csldhD or tcldhL with the weaker Trc promoter, E. coli TGL 2.1 yielded 57% increase in (R)-DSS production: 59.8 ± 2.9 mM. Meanwhile, E. coli TGL 2.2 yielded 54% increase in (S)-DSS production: 52.2 ± 2.4 mM. The optimal concentration of L-glutamate was found to be 20 mM for production of (R)- or (S)-DSS. Finally, L-DOPA were transformed into (R)- or (S)-DSS with an excellent enantiopure form (enantiomeric excess > 99.99%) and productivity of 6.61 mM/h and 4.48 mM/h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1T, UK
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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38
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Xiong T, Jia P, Jiang J, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. One-pot, three-step cascade synthesis of D-danshensu using engineered Escherichia coli whole cells. J Biotechnol 2019; 300:48-54. [PMID: 31125578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-danshensu (D-DSS), extracted from the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Here we engineered Escherichia coli strains to produce D-DSS from catechol, pyruvate and ammonia by one-pot biotransformation. Tyrosin-phenol lyase (TPL), L-amino acid deaminase (aadL), D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhD) and glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli strain. First, the expression of genes was regulated by different copy number plasmids combination, the result of E. coli TALG6, with strong overexpression of TPL, aadL, ldhD and moderate overexpression of gdh, exhibited 253.7% increase D-DSS production compared to E. coli TALG1. Second, the optimum concentration of catechol was found to be 50 mM. Finally, a fed-batch biotransformation strategy was proposed, namely the amount of catechol was added to 50 mM every 2 h. The total production of D-DSS reached 55.35 mM within 14 h, which was 1.7 times that without feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pu Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1T, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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39
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Wu S, Zhou Y, Li Z. Biocatalytic selective functionalisation of alkenes via single-step and one-pot multi-step reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:883-896. [PMID: 30566124 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkenes are excellent starting materials for organic synthesis due to the versatile reactivity of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds and the easy availability of many unfunctionalised alkenes. Direct regio- and/or enantioselective conversion of alkenes into functionalised (chiral) compounds has enormous potential for industrial applications, and thus has attracted the attention of researchers for extensive development using chemo-catalysis over the past few years. On the other hand, many enzymes have also been employed for conversion of alkenes in a highly selective and much greener manner to offer valuable products. Herein, we review recent advances in seven well-known types of biocatalytic conversion of alkenes. Remarkably, recent mechanism-guided directed evolution and enzyme cascades have enabled the development of seven novel types of single-step and one-pot multi-step functionalisation of alkenes, some of which are even unattainable via chemo-catalysis. These new reactions are particularly highlighted in this feature article. Overall, we present an ever-expanding enzyme toolbox for various alkene functionalisations inspiring further research in this fast-developing theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585.
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40
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Lukito BR, Wu S, Saw HJJ, Li Z. One-Pot Production of Natural 2-Phenylethanol fromL-Phenylalanine via Cascade Biotransformations. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Ryan Lukito
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Heng Jie Jonathan Saw
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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41
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Gandomkar S, Żądło‐Dobrowolska A, Kroutil W. Extending Designed Linear Biocatalytic Cascades for Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:225-243. [PMID: 33520008 PMCID: PMC7814890 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cascade reactions involving biocatalysts have demonstrated a tremendous potential during the recent years. This review just focuses on selected examples of the last year and putting them into context to a previously published suggestion for classification. Subdividing the cascades according to the number of catalysts in the linear sequence, and classifying whether the steps are performed simultaneous or in a sequential fashion as well as whether the reaction sequence is performed in vitro or in vivo allows to organise the concepts. The last year showed, that combinations of in vivo as well as in vitro are possible. Incompatible reaction steps may be run in a sequential fashion or by compartmentalisation of the incompatible steps either by using special reactors (membrane), polymersomes or flow techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Gandomkar
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28Graz8010Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28Graz8010Austria
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42
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Dong J, Fernández‐Fueyo E, Hollmann F, Paul CE, Pesic M, Schmidt S, Wang Y, Younes S, Zhang W. Biocatalytic Oxidation Reactions: A Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9238-9261. [PMID: 29573076 PMCID: PMC6099261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation chemistry using enzymes is approaching maturity and practical applicability in organic synthesis. Oxidoreductases (enzymes catalysing redox reactions) enable chemists to perform highly selective and efficient transformations ranging from simple alcohol oxidations to stereoselective halogenations of non-activated C-H bonds. For many of these reactions, no "classical" chemical counterpart is known. Hence oxidoreductases open up shorter synthesis routes based on a more direct access to the target products. The generally very mild reaction conditions may also reduce the environmental impact of biocatalytic reactions compared to classical counterparts. In this Review, we critically summarise the most important recent developments in the field of biocatalytic oxidation chemistry and identify the most pressing bottlenecks as well as promising solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJia Dong
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Fernández‐Fueyo
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Milja Pesic
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Sabry Younes
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
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43
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Zhou Y, Wu S, Mao J, Li Z. Bioproduction of Benzylamine from Renewable Feedstocks via a Nine-Step Artificial Enzyme Cascade and Engineered Metabolic Pathways. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2221-2228. [PMID: 29766662 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks has been an important task for sustainable chemical industry. Although microbial fermentation has been widely employed to produce many biochemicals, it is still very challenging to access non-natural chemicals. Two methods (biotransformation and fermentation) have been developed for the first bio-derived synthesis of benzylamine, a commodity non-natural amine with broad applications. Firstly, a nine-step artificial enzyme cascade was designed by biocatalytic retrosynthetic analysis and engineered in recombinant E. coli LZ243. Biotransformation of l-phenylalanine (60 mm) with the E. coli cells produced benzylamine (42 mm) in 70 % conversion. Importantly, the cascade biotransformation was scaled up to 100 mL and benzylamine was successfully isolated in 57 % yield. Secondly, an artificial biosynthesis pathway to benzylamine from glucose was developed by combining the nine-step cascade with an enhanced l-phenylalanine synthesis pathway in cells. Fermentation with E. coli LZ249 gave benzylamine in 4.3 mm concentration from glucose. In addition, one-pot syntheses of several useful benzylamines from the easily available styrenes were achieved, representing a new type of alkene transformation by formal oxidative cleavage and reductive amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Jiwei Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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Dong J, Fernández-Fueyo E, Hollmann F, Paul CE, Pesic M, Schmidt S, Wang Y, Younes S, Zhang W. Biokatalytische Oxidationsreaktionen - aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JiaJia Dong
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Milja Pesic
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Sabry Younes
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft Niederlande
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45
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Detection of enantiomers of chiral primary amines by 1H NMR analysis via enamine formation with an enantiopure γ-position aldol product of a β-keto ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Garzón-Posse F, Becerra-Figueroa L, Hernández-Arias J, Gamba-Sánchez D. Whole Cells as Biocatalysts in Organic Transformations. Molecules 2018; 23:E1265. [PMID: 29799483 PMCID: PMC6099930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the power and usefulness of biocatalysis in organic synthesis is undeniable, mainly due to the very high enantiomeric excess reached using enzymes, in an attempt to emulate natural processes. However, the use of isolated enzymes has some significant drawbacks, the most important of which is cost. The use of whole cells has emerged as a useful strategy with several advantages over isolated enzymes; for this reason, modern research in this field is increasing, and various reports have been published recently. This review surveys the most recent developments in the enantioselective reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds and prochiral ketones and the oxidation of prochiral sulfides using whole cells as biocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Garzón-Posse
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Liliana Becerra-Figueroa
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - José Hernández-Arias
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Bio- and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1No 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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Oelschlägel M, Zimmerling J, Tischler D. A Review: The Styrene Metabolizing Cascade of Side-Chain Oxygenation as Biotechnological Basis to Gain Various Valuable Compounds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:490. [PMID: 29623070 PMCID: PMC5874493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrene is one of the most produced and processed chemicals worldwide and is released into the environment during widespread processing. But, it is also produced from plants and microorganisms. The natural occurrence of styrene led to several microbiological strategies to form and also to degrade styrene. One pathway designated as side-chain oxygenation has been reported as a specific route for the styrene degradation among microorganisms. It comprises the following enzymes: styrene monooxygenase (SMO; NADH-consuming and FAD-dependent, two-component system), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI; cofactor independent, membrane-bound protein) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAD; NAD+-consuming) and allows an intrinsic cofactor regeneration. This specific way harbors a high potential for biotechnological use. Based on the enzymatic steps involved in this degradation route, important reactions can be realized from a large number of substrates which gain access to different interesting precursors for further applications. Furthermore, stereochemical transformations are possible, offering chiral products at high enantiomeric excess. This review provides an actual view on the microbiological styrene degradation followed by a detailed discussion on the enzymes of the side-chain oxygenation. Furthermore, the potential of the single enzyme reactions as well as the respective multi-step syntheses using the complete enzyme cascade are discussed in order to gain styrene oxides, phenylacetaldehydes, or phenylacetic acids (e.g., ibuprofen). Altered routes combining these putative biocatalysts with other enzymes are additionally described. Thus, the substrates spectrum can be enhanced and additional products as phenylethanols or phenylethylamines are reachable. Finally, additional enzymes with similar activities toward styrene and its metabolic intermediates are shown in order to modify the cascade described above or to use these enzyme independently for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Oelschlägel
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Zimmerling
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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48
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Luo C, Bandar JS. Superbase-Catalyzed anti-Markovnikov Alcohol Addition Reactions to Aryl Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3547-3550. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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50
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Hammer SC, Kubik G, Watkins E, Huang S, Minges H, Arnold FH. Anti-Markovnikov alkene oxidation by metal-oxo–mediated enzyme catalysis. Science 2017; 358:215-218. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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