1
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He Y, Bian KJ, Liu P, Jiang CH, Jin RX, West JG, Wang XS. Remote Functionalization of Inert C(sp 3)-H Bonds via Dual Catalysis Driven by Alkene Hydrofluoroalkylation Using Industrial Feedstocks. Org Lett 2024; 26:8278-8283. [PMID: 39298654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a dual-catalytic system capable of site-selective azidation of inert C(sp3)-H bonds with concomitant and modular anti-Markovnikov alkene fluoroalkylation. The protocol leverages the synergetic cooperation of both the photocatalyst and earth-abundant iron catalyst to deliver two radical species in succession to minimally functionalized alkenes. This powerful catalyst system exhibits broad scope, mild conditions, and excellent regioselectivity for a variety of substrates and fluoroalkyl fragments. The key to this C-centered radical relay is the matched rate of both photocatalytic and iron catalytic cycles, ensuring selective azidofluoroalkylation with a broad array of fluoroalkyl sources from trivial reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hui Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yoshimura A, Zhdankin VV. Recent Progress in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39269928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds have found wide application in modern organic chemistry as environmentally friendly reagents and catalysts. Hypervalent iodine reagents are commonly used in synthetically important halogenations, oxidations, aminations, heterocyclizations, and various oxidative functionalizations of organic substrates. Iodonium salts are important arylating reagents, while iodonium ylides and imides are excellent carbene and nitrene precursors. Various derivatives of benziodoxoles, such as azidobenziodoxoles, trifluoromethylbenziodoxoles, alkynylbenziodoxoles, and alkenylbenziodoxoles have found wide application as group transfer reagents in the presence of transition metal catalysts, under metal-free conditions, or using photocatalysts under photoirradiation conditions. Development of hypervalent iodine catalytic systems and discovery of highly enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important recent achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. Chemical transformations promoted by hypervalent iodine in many cases are unique and cannot be performed by using any other common, non-iodine-based reagent. This review covers literature published mainly in the last 7-8 years, between 2016 and 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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3
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Ji X, Huang H. Hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with trimethylsilyl azide enabled by organic photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7741-7744. [PMID: 38973554 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02503b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an organic photoredox-catalyzed hydroazidation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with user-friendly trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3), enabling a direct access to a broad range of valuable β-CF3-azides with exclusive selectivity under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the late-stage modification of complex drug derivatives, scale-up of the reaction and diverse further derivatizations of the β-CF3-azide product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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4
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Liu Y, Huang J, Sun Z, Deng Y, Qian Y, Huang Q, Cao S. Two-step synthesis of vicinal trifluoromethyl primary amines from α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes and phthalimide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4641-4646. [PMID: 38775720 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel two-step synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl primary amines from readily available α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes and phthalimide is developed. The first step involves a hydroamination between α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes and phthalimide (PhthNH) with the assistance of a base. Next, the hydrazinolysis of the resulting N-(β-trifluoromethyl-β-arylethyl)phthalimides with hydrazine hydrate affords the desired N-(β-trifluoromethyl-β-arylethyl)amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhudi Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yupian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yuhao Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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5
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Ge L, Wang H, Liu Y, Feng X. Asymmetric Three-Component Radical Alkene Carboazidation by Direct Activation of Aliphatic C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13347-13355. [PMID: 38710023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Azide compounds are widely present in natural products and drug molecules, and their easy-to-transform characteristics make them widely used in the field of organic synthesis. The merging of transition-metal catalysis with radical chemistry offers a versatile platform for radical carboazidation of alkenes, allowing the rapid assembly of highly functionalized organic azides. However, the direct use of readily available hydrocarbon feedstocks as sp3-hybridized carbon radical precursors to participate in catalytic enantioselective carboazidation of alkenes remains a significant challenge that has yet to be addressed. Herein, we describe an iron-catalyzed asymmetric three-component radical carboazidation of electron-deficient alkenes by direct activation of aliphatic C-H bonds. This approach involves intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer between a hydrocarbon and an alkoxy/aryl carboxyl radical, leading to the formation of a carbon-centered radical. The resulting radical then reacts with electron-deficient alkenes to generate a new radical species that undergoes chiral iron-complex-mediated C-N3 bond coupling. An array of valuable chiral azides bearing a quaternary stereocenter were directly accessed from widely available chemical feedstocks, and their synthetic potential is further demonstrated through more facile transformations to give other valuable enantioenriched building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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6
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Li M, Feng Z, Duan C, Zhang T, Shi Y. Confinement Effect in Metal-Organic Framework Cu 3( BTC) 2 for Enhancing Shape Selectivity of Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14233-14240. [PMID: 38559924 PMCID: PMC10976352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The radical difunctionalization of alkenes plays a vital role in pharmacy, but the conventional homogeneous catalytic systems are challenging in selectivity and sustainability to afford the target molecules. Herein, the famous readily available metal-organic framework (MOF), Cu3(BTC)2, has been applied to cyano-trifluoromethylation of alkenes as a high-performance and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, which possesses copper(II) active sites residing in funnel-like cavities. Under mild conditions, styrene derivatives and various unactivated olefins could be smoothly transformed into the corresponding cyano-trifluoromethylation products. Moreover, the transformation brought about by the active copper center in confined environments achieved regio- and shape selectivity. To understand the enhanced selectivity, the activation manner of the MOF catalyst was studied with control catalytic experiments such as FT-IR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of substrate-incorporated Cu3(BTC)2, which elucidated that the catalyst underwent a radical transformation with the intermediates confined in the MOF cavity, and the confinement effect endowed the method with pronounced selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Jiangsu
Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225001, P. R. China
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7
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Jiao RQ, Li M, Chen X, Zhang Z, Gong XP, Yue H, Liu XY, Liang YM. Copper-Catalyzed Selective Three-Component 1,2-Phosphonoazidation of 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1387-1392. [PMID: 38341862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed selective 1,2-phosphonoazidation of conjugated dienes. This three-component reaction is achieved by using readily available P(O)-H compounds and bench-stable NaN3. Salient features of this strategy include its mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Moreover, the compatibility with the late-stage functionalization of drug molecules, the potential for scalable production, and the feasibility of further modifications of the products underscore the practical utility of this protocol in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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8
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Deng Z, Meng L, Bing X, Niu S, Zhang X, Peng J, Luan YX, Chen L, Tang P. Silver-Enabled Dearomative Trifluoromethoxylation of Indoles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2325-2332. [PMID: 38232384 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The only known method for the dearomative trifluoromethoxylation of indoles is preliminary, with only one substrate successfully undergoing the reaction. In this study, we not only developed a broadly applicable method for indole dearomative trifluoromethoxylation but also achieved divergent trifluoromethoxylation by fine-tuning the reaction conditions. Under optimized conditions, with a silver salt and an easily handled OCF3 reagent, various indoles smoothly underwent dearomatization to afford a diverse array of ditrifluoromethoxylated indolines in 50-84% isolated yields with up to 37:1 diastereoselectivity, and fluorinated trifluoromethoxylated indolines were obtained with exclusive trans selectivity. In addition, the reaction conditions were compatible with other heteroaromatic rings as well as styrene moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Deng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lingduan Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao Bing
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaoxiong Niu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Junqin Peng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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9
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Kao SC, Bian KJ, Chen XW, Chen Y, Martí AA, West JG. Photochemical iron-catalyzed decarboxylative azidation via the merger of ligand-to-metal charge transfer and radical ligand transfer catalysis. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100603. [PMID: 37720729 PMCID: PMC10501478 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) using stoichiometric copper salts has recently been shown to permit decarboxylative C-N bond formation via an LMCT/radical polar crossover (RPC) mechanism; however, this method is unable to function catalytically and cannot successfully engage unactivated alkyl carboxylic acids, presenting challenges to the general applicability of this approach. Leveraging the concepts of ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and radical-ligand-transfer (RLT), we herein report the first photochemical, iron-catalyzed direct decarboxylative azidation. Simply irradiating an inexpensive iron nitrate catalyst in the presence of azidotrimethylsilane allows for a diverse array of carboxylic acids to be converted to corresponding organic azides directly with broad functional group tolerance and mild conditions. Intriguingly, no additional external oxidant is required for this reaction to proceed, simplifying the reaction protocol. Finally, mechanistic studies are consistent with a radical mechanism and suggest that the nitrate counteranion serves as an internal oxidant for turnover of the iron catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Lead contact
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10
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Photochemical diazidation of alkenes enabled by ligand-to-metal charge transfer and radical ligand transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7881. [PMID: 36564375 PMCID: PMC9789121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vicinal diamines are privileged synthetic motifs in chemistry due to their prevalence and powerful applications in bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals, and ligand design for transition metals. With organic diazides being regarded as modular precursors to vicinal diamines, enormous efforts have been devoted to developing efficient strategies to access organic diazide generated from olefins, themselves common feedstock chemicals. However, state-of-the-art methods for alkene diazidation rely on the usage of corrosive and expensive oxidants or complicated electrochemical setups, significantly limiting the substrate tolerance and practicality of these methods on large scale. Toward overcoming these limitations, here we show a photochemical diazidation of alkenes via iron-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and radical ligand transfer (RLT). Leveraging the merger of these two reaction manifolds, we utilize a stable, earth abundant, and inexpensive iron salt to function as both radical initiator and terminator. Mild conditions, broad alkene scope and amenability to continuous-flow chemistry rendering the transformation photocatalytic were demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical nature of the cooperative process in the photochemical diazidation, revealing this approach to be a powerful means of olefin difunctionalization.
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11
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Majhi J, Dhungana RK, Rentería-Gómez Á, Sharique M, Li L, Dong W, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Metal-Free Photochemical Imino-Alkylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15871-15878. [PMID: 35984388 PMCID: PMC10245625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concurrent installation of C-C and C-N bonds across alkene frameworks represents a powerful tool to prepare motifs that are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. To construct such prevalent bonds, most alkene difunctionalization methods demand the use of precious metals or activated alkenes. We report a metal-free, photochemically mediated imino-alkylation of electronically diverse alkenes to install both alkyl and iminyl groups in a highly efficient manner. The exceptionally mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and facile one-pot reaction protocol highlight the utility of this method to prepare privileged motifs from readily available alkene and acid feedstocks. One key and striking feature of this transformation is that an electrophilic trifluoromethyl radical is equally efficient with both electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and empirical investigations provide detailed mechanistic insight into this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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12
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Cotman AE, Dub PA, Sterle M, Lozinšek M, Dernovšek J, Zajec Ž, Zega A, Tomašič T, Cahard D. Catalytic Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Homochiral β-CF 3, β-SCF 3, and β-OCF 3 Benzylic Alcohols. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:396-404. [PMID: 36217345 PMCID: PMC9542724 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We describe an efficient
catalytic strategy for enantio- and diastereoselective
synthesis of homochiral β-CF3, β-SCF3, and β-OCF3 benzylic alcohols. The approach is
based on dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) with Noyori–Ikariya
asymmetric transfer hydrogenation leading to simultaneous construction
of two contiguous stereogenic centers with up to 99.9% ee, up to 99.9:0.1
dr, and up to 99% isolated yield. The origin of the stereoselectivity
and racemization mechanism of DKR is rationalized by density functional
theory calculations. Applicability of the previously inaccessible
chiral fluorinated alcohols obtained by this method in two directions
is further demonstrated: As building blocks for pharmaceuticals, illustrated
by the synthesis of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor with in vitro
anticancer activity, and in particular, needle-shaped crystals of
representative stereopure products that exhibit either elastic or
plastic flexibility, which opens the door to functional materials
based on mechanically responsive chiral molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Emanuel Cotman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavel A. Dub
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Maša Sterle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Dernovšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Zajec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zega
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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13
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He J, Liu C, Deng Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zheng P, Cao S. DBN-Mediated Addition Reaction of α-(Trifluoromethyl)styrenes with Diazoles, Triazoles, Tetrazoles, and Primary, Secondary, and Secondary Cyclic Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2299-2304. [PMID: 35319218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient DBN-mediated addition reaction of α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes with diazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, and primary, secondary, and secondary cyclic amines was developed. This practical protocol provided a robust method for the synthesis of various β-trifluoromethyl nitrogen-containing heterocycles and β-trifluoromethyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yupian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qianding Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Lu D, Li Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang D, Gong Y. Cu-Catalyzed C (sp3)–N Coupling and Alkene Carboamination Enabled by Ligand-Promoted Selective Hydrazine Transfer to Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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15
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Huang W, Zhang R, Zhang R, Yu J, Wang M. Radical hydrotrifluoromethylation of ynamides: a route toward β-CF 3 enamides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a radical hydrotrifluoromethylation of ynamides to provide an alternative route toward β-CF3 enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiao Huang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ruzhong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ruxue Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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16
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Cai L, Guo W. Progress in C—CF 3/C—N Bond Formation Reactions of Alkenes Involving in Free Radicals. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202208026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Pounder A, Tam W. Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2848-2893. [PMID: 34956407 PMCID: PMC8685557 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of environmentally benign, inexpensive, and earth-abundant metal catalysts is desirable from both an ecological and economic standpoint. Certainly, in the past couple decades, iron has become a key player in the development of sustainable coupling chemistry and has become an indispensable tool in organic synthesis. Over the last ten years, organic chemistry has witnessed substantial improvements in efficient synthesis because of domino reactions. These protocols are more atom-economic, produce less waste, and demand less time compared to a classical stepwise reaction. Although iron-catalyzed domino reactions require a mindset that differs from the more routine noble-metal, homogenous iron catalysis they bear the chance to enable coupling reactions that rival that of noble-metal-catalysis. This review provides an overview of iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. The classifications and reactivity paradigms examined should assist readers and provide guidance for the design of novel domino reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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18
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De A, Majee A. Synthesis of various functionalized
2
H
‐azirines: An
updated library. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aramita De
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry Visva‐Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan India
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19
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Wang Q, Zang Z, Jie M, Luo L, Yang D, Zhou C, Cai G. Ligand‐Controlled, Tunable Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Divergent Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Cycloalkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong‐Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Jie
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐Hua Luo
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui‐Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
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20
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Wei D, Liu T, He Y, Wei B, Pan J, Zhang J, Jiao N, Han B. Radical 1,4/5-Amino Shift Enables Access to Fluoroalkyl-Containing Primary β(γ)-Aminoketones under Metal-Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26308-26313. [PMID: 34437754 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel radical 1,4/5-amino shift from the oxygen center of alkene-tethered diphenyl ketoxime ethers to the carbon center to achieve high value-added fluoroalkyl-containing primary β(γ)-amino-ketones is reported. Mechanism studies reveal that the migration is triggered by the alkene addition of fluoroalkyl radical derived from the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex of Togni's reagent II or fluoroalkyl iodides and quinuclidine, and involves a unique 5(6)-exo-trig cyclization of the carbon-centered radical onto the N-atom of ketoxime ethers followed by a cascade sequence of N-O bond cleavage and dehydrogenation. Notably, besides Togni's reagent II and fluoroalkyl iodides, this protocol is also compatible with other radical precursors to provide various functionalized primary aminoketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yiheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bangyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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21
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Wei D, Liu T, He Y, Wei B, Pan J, Zhang J, Jiao N, Han B. Radical 1,4/5‐Amino Shift Enables Access to Fluoroalkyl‐Containing Primary β(γ)‐Aminoketones under Metal‐Free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Tuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yiheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bangyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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22
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Wu F, Yuan Y, Wu X. Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Trifluoromethylation Carbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Access to β‐Trifluoromethylated Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu‐Peng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
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23
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Wu FP, Yuan Y, Wu XF. Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Trifluoromethylation Carbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Access to β-Trifluoromethylated Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25787-25792. [PMID: 34622558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed carbonylative trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes has been developed. A broad range of β-trifluoromethylated carboxylic acid derivatives were prepared in moderate to excellent yields from simple alkenes with excellent regioselectivity. It is noteworthy that ethylene gas, as the simplest olefin, can also be applied directly to obtain β-trifluoromethylated amides and ester. This transformation presents the first example on carbonylative trifluoromethylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Peng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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24
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Abstract
The first iron-catalyzed asymmetric azidation of benzylic peresters has been reported with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) as the azido source. Hydrocarbon radicals that lack of strong interactions were capable to be enantioselectively azidated. The reaction features good functional group tolerance, high yields, and mild conditions. The chiral benzylic azides can further be used in click reaction, phosphoramidation, and reductive amination, which demonstrate the synthetic values of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daliang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ma X, Chiou MF, Ge L, Li X, Li Y, Wu L, Bao H. Iron phthalocyanine-catalyzed radical phosphinoylazidation of alkenes: A facile synthesis of β-azido-phosphine oxide with a fast azido transfer step. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Chen B, He H, Xu J, Guo K, Xu N, Chen K, Zhu Y. Transition‐Metal‐Free Visible Light‐Induced Imino‐trifluoromethylation of Unsaturated Oxime Esters: A Facile Access to CF
3
‐Tethered Pyrrolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Han He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Kang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Kang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
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27
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Liu W, Pu M, He J, Zhang T, Dong S, Liu X, Wu YD, Feng X. Iron-Catalyzed Enantioselective Radical Carboazidation and Diazidation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11856-11863. [PMID: 34296601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Azidation of alkenes is an efficient protocol to synthesize organic azides which are important structural motifs in organic synthesis. Enantioselective radical azidation, as a useful strategy to install a C-N3 bond, remains challenging due to the inherently instability and unique structure of radicals. Here, we disclose an efficient enantioselective radical carboazidation and diazidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones and amides catalyzed by chiral N,N'-dioxide/Fe(OTf)2 complexes. An array of substituted alkenes was transformed to the corresponding α-azido carbonyl derivatives in good to excellent enantioselectivities, benefiting the preparation of chiral α-amino ketones, vicinal amino alcohols, and vicinal diamines. Control experiments and mechanistic studies proved the radical pathway in the reaction process. The DFT calculations showed that the azido transferred to the radical intermediate via an intramolecular five-membered transition state with the internal nitrogen of the Fe-N3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tinghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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28
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Ji W, Wu HH, Li W, Zhang J. Copper-catalyzed cyclization reaction: synthesis of trifluoromethylated indolinyl ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4448-4451. [PMID: 33949475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, effective and rapid synthetic method to construct the C-2 trifluoromethylated indolinyl ketones via a copper-catalyzed cyclization reaction between N-alkylaniline and β-(trifluoromethyl)-α,β-unsaturated enones was developed. The results of the control experiments show that the reaction may involve a radical mechanism by a single-electron transfer process. Moreover, a broad substrate scope and good functional groups, high diastereoselectivities (dr, up to >20 : 1) as well as gram-scale synthesis make this approach highly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqin Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Hai-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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29
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Huang W, Xu C, Yu J, Wang M. ZnI 2-Catalyzed Aminotrifluoromethylation Cyclization of Alkenes Using PhICF 3Cl. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1987-1999. [PMID: 33378195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report here an alternatively catalytic aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes using PhICF3Cl as a bifunctional reagent along with ZnI2 as a dual catalyst. A combined catalytic strategy was established for the intramolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of 4-pentenamines. As a result, a set of 2-trifluoroethyl-pyrrolidines was obtained in a high selectivity. Mechanism studies revealed that the reaction included an iodine anion-catalyzed radical chlorotrifluoromethylation of alkenes and a sequential Lewis acid-promoted aminocyclization of the resulting chlorotrifluoromethylated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiao Huang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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30
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Wang Z, Cheng J, Shi Z, Wang N, Zhan F, Jiang S, Lin J, Jiang Y, Liu X. Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Radical Aminotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes with Hydrazines by Cu(I)/CPA Cooperative Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jiang‐Tao Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Shi
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Shun Lin
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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31
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Huang HG, Li W, Zhong D, Wang HC, Zhao J, Liu WB. Trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide as a bifunctional reagent for metal-free azidotrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3210-3215. [PMID: 34164089 PMCID: PMC8179360 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicinal trifluoromethyl azides have widespread applications in organic synthesis and drug development. However, their preparation is generally limited to transition-metal-catalyzed three-component reactions. We report here a simple and metal-free method that rapidly provides these building blocks from abundant alkenes and trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide (N3SO2CF3). This unprecedented two-component reaction employs readily available N3SO2CF3 as a bifunctional reagent to concurrently incorporate both CF3 and N3 groups, which avoids the use of their expensive and low atom economic precursors. A wide range of functional groups, including bio-relevant heterocycles and amino acids, were tolerated. Application of this method was further demonstrated by scale-up synthesis (5 mmol), product derivatization to CF3-containing medicinal chemistry motifs, as well as late-stage modification of natural product and drug derivatives. A two-component and metal-free azidotrifluoromethylation of alkenes is realized using readily synthesized trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide (N3SO2CF3) as a bifunctional reagent for both CF3 and N3 groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gui Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
| | - Weishuang Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
| | - Dayou Zhong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
| | - Hu-Chong Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuhan 430072 Hubei China
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Vaishak TB, Soumya PK, Saranya PV, Anilkumar G. Recent advances and prospects in the iron-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective methods to create a C–CF3 bond has attracted great attention in organofluorine chemistry and also in homogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC)
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34
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Ge L, Chiou MF, Li Y, Bao H. Radical azidation as a means of constructing C(sp3)-N3 bonds. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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35
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Abstract
A wide range of methodologies for the preparation of organic azides has been reported in the literature for many decades, due to their interest as building blocks for different transformations and their applications in biology as well as in materials science. More recently, with the spread of the use of transition metal-catalyzed reactions, new perspectives have also materialized in azidation processes, especially concerning the azidation of C–H bonds and direct difunctionalization of multiple carbon-carbon bonds. In this review, special emphasis will be placed on reactions involving substrates bearing a leaving group, hydroazidation reactions and azidation reactions that proceed with the formation of more than one bond. Further reactions for the preparation of allyl and vinyl azides as well as for azidations involving the opening of a ring complete the classification of the material.
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36
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Kolahdouzan K, Kumar R, Gaunt MJ. Visible-light mediated carbonyl trifluoromethylative amination as a practical method for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl tertiary alkylamines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12089-12094. [PMID: 34094424 PMCID: PMC8162877 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04853d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of an operationally straigtforward, visible-light-mediated multicomponent strategy for the construction of β-trifluoromethylated tertiary alkylamines from feedstock aldehydes, secondary amines and a convenient source of trifluoromethyl iodide. The new process does not require a photocatalyst, is metal-free, displays a broad functional group tolerance and offers rapid, one-pot access to trifluoromethylated drug-like compounds that will be of interest in medicinal chemistry. An operationally straightforward, visible-light-mediated multicomponent strategy for the construction of β-trifluoromethylated tertiary alkylamines from aldehydes, secondary amines and a convenient source of trifluoromethyl iodide is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavoos Kolahdouzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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37
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Shevick SL, Wilson CV, Kotesova S, Kim D, Holland PL, Shenvi RA. Catalytic hydrogen atom transfer to alkenes: a roadmap for metal hydrides and radicals. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12401-12422. [PMID: 33520153 PMCID: PMC7810138 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer from metal hydrides to alkenes appears to underlie widely used catalytic methods – the mechanistic implications are fascinating.
Hydrogen atom transfer from a metal hydride (MHAT) has emerged as a powerful, if puzzling, technique in chemical synthesis. In catalytic MHAT reactions, earth-abundant metal complexes generate stabilized and unstabilized carbon-centered radicals from alkenes of various substitution patterns with robust chemoselectivity. This perspective combines organic and inorganic perspectives to outline challenges and opportunities, and to propose working models to assist further developments. We attempt to demystify the putative intermediates, the basic elementary steps, and the energetic implications, especially for cage pair formation, collapse and separation. Distinctions between catalysts with strong-field (SF) and weak-field (WF) ligand environments may explain some differences in reactivity and selectivity, and provide an organizing principle for kinetics that transcends the typical thermodynamic analysis. This blueprint should aid practitioners who hope to enter and expand this exciting area of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Shevick
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA
| | - Conner V Wilson
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA
| | - Simona Kotesova
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect St. , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA
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38
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Bian KJ, Li Y, Zhang KF, He Y, Wu TR, Wang CY, Wang XS. Iron-catalyzed remote functionalization of inert C(sp 3)-H bonds of alkenes via 1, n-hydrogen-atom-transfer by C-centered radical relay. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10437-10443. [PMID: 34123184 PMCID: PMC8162260 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative approach to traditional C-H activation that often involved harsh conditions, and vicinal or primary C-H functionalization, radical relay offers a solution to these long-held problems. Enabled by 1,n (n = 5, 6)-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), we use a most prevalent moiety, alkene, as the precursor to an sp3 C-centered radical to promote selective cleavage of inert C(sp3)-H bonds for the generation of azidotrifluoromethylated molecules. Mild conditions, broad scope and excellent regioselective control (>20 : 1) are observed in the reactions. Deuterium labelling studies disclose the kinetic characteristics of the transformations and verify a direct 1,n-HAT pathway. The key to this C-centered radical relay is that iron plays a dual role as a radical initiator and terminator to incorporate the azide functionality through radical oxidation via azido-ligand-transfer. The methods and the later derivatization promise expeditious synthesis of CF3-containing organic azides, γ-lactam and triazoles that are widely used in designing new fluorescent tags and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jie Bian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Kai-Fan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Tian-Rui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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39
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Wei R, Xiong H, Ye C, Li Y, Bao H. Iron-Catalyzed Alkylazidation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes with Diacylperoxides and TMSN 3. Org Lett 2020; 22:3195-3199. [PMID: 32227900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed radical alkylazidation of electron-deficient alkenes is reported. Alkyl diacyl peroxides work as the alkyl source, and trimethylsilyl azide acts as the azido reservoir. This method features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance, providing a range of α-azido esters, an α-azido ketone, and an α-azido cyanide in high yields. These azides can be easily transferred into many kinds of amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China.,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. of China
| | - Haigen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. of China
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40
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Chiou MF, Xiong H, Li Y, Bao H, Zhang X. Revealing the Iron-Catalyzed β-Methyl Scission of tert-Butoxyl Radicals via the Mechanistic Studies of Carboazidation of Alkenes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051224. [PMID: 32182775 PMCID: PMC7179474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here a mechanistic study of the iron-catalyzed carboazidation of alkenes involving an intriguing metal-assisted β-methyl scission process. Although t-BuO radical has frequently been observed in experiments, the β-methyl scission from a t-BuO radical into a methyl radical and acetone is still broadly believed to be thermodynamically spontaneous and difficult to control. An iron-catalyzed β-methyl scission of t-BuO is investigated in this work. Compared to a free t-BuO radical, the coordination at the iron atom reduces the activation energy for the scission from 9.3 to 3.9 ~ 5.2 kcal/mol. The low activation energy makes the iron-catalyzed β-methyl scission of t-BuO radicals almost an incomparably facile process and explains the selective formation of methyl radicals at low temperature in the presence of some iron catalysts. In addition, a radical relay process and an outer-sphere radical azidation process in the iron-catalyzed carboazidation of alkenes are suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Feng Chiou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (M.-F.C.); (H.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haigen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (M.-F.C.); (H.X.); (Y.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (M.-F.C.); (H.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; (M.-F.C.); (H.X.); (Y.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-0591-63179307 (H.B.); +86-0755-26037219 (X.Z.)
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-0591-63179307 (H.B.); +86-0755-26037219 (X.Z.)
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41
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Wang P, Zhu S, Lu D, Gong Y. Intermolecular Trifluoromethyl-Hydrazination of Alkenes Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:1924-1928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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42
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Shen J, Xu J, Huang L, Zhu Q, Zhang P. Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Promoted Rapid Cascade Reaction of Quinoxalinones with Unactivated Alkenes and TMSN
3. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036 People's Republic of China
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43
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiao J, Zheng X, Feng W, Zhang M, Cheng H, Tang L. Dual Roles of tert-Butyl Nitrite in the Transition Metal- and External Oxidant-Free Trifluoromethyloximation of Alkenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3960-3966. [PMID: 31359635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing tert-butyl nitrite as both nitrogen source and oxidant, the trifluoromethyloximation of alkenes proceeds smoothly in a free-radical process. The developed difunctionalization reaction enables practical and efficient synthesis of a wide range of α-CF3 ketoximes in moderate yields with excellent regioselectivity. This method features the use of readily available and stable alkenes as substrates and inexpensive CF3 SO2 Na as a CF3 reagent, no involvement of transition metals or external oxidant, and room-temperature conditions. Moreover, a scale-up of the reaction, further transformation of the products into various valuable CF3 -containing compounds, and removal of the trifluoromethyl group are readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Mengsha Zhang
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
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44
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Rao Z, Sun Y, Zhou X, Xie Q, Zhu H, Dai J, Xu J, Xu H. Efficient AcrH
2
Catalyzed β‐Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds by Atom Transfer Radical Addition Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Peng Rao
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Yu‐Yang Sun
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Xin‐Feng Zhou
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Qiang Xie
- PET‐CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Hefei Anhui 230001 China
| | - Hui‐Xia Zhu
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jian‐Jun Dai
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
| | - Hua‐Jian Xu
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringHefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui 230009 China
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45
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Xiao H, Shen H, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Aminotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11440-11445. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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46
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Mou XQ, Rong FM, Zhang H, Chen G, He G. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Aminotrifluoromethylation of O-Homoallyl Benzimidates. Org Lett 2019; 21:4657-4661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Mou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng-Ming Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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47
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Zhou P, Liu X, Wu W, Xu C, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of β-Azido Amides and Esters via Haloazidation. Org Lett 2019; 21:1170-1175. [PMID: 30693781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic regio- and enantioselective haloazidation reaction with a chiral iron(II) complex catalyst under mild reaction conditions was reported. By this approach, the stereoselective α-halo-β-azido difunctionalization of both α,β-unsaturated amides and α,β-unsaturated esters was achieved. This method enabled the construction of a broad spectrum of valuable functionalized amides and esters, including enantiomerically enriched β-azido amides, aziridine amides, α-amino amide derivatives, β-triazole amides, functionalized peptide derivatives, and α-halo-β-azido-substituted esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Wangbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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Xiong H, Ramkumar N, Chiou MF, Jian W, Li Y, Su JH, Zhang X, Bao H. Iron-catalyzed carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:122. [PMID: 30631054 PMCID: PMC6328574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes holds the promise to construct valuable molecules directly from chemical feedstock therefore is significantly important. Although a few examples have been developed, there are still some unsolved problems and lack of universal methods for carboazidation of both alkenes and alkynes. Here we describe an iron-catalyzed rapid carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes, enabled by the oxidative radical relay precursor t-butyl perbenzoate. This strategy enjoys success with a broad scope of alkenes under mild conditions, and it can also work with aryl alkynes which are challenging substrates for carboazidation. A large number of diverse structures, including many kinds of amino acid precursors, fluoroalkylated vinyl azides, other specific organoazides, and 2H-azirines can be easily produced. Carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes holds the promise to construct valuable, functionalized molecules. Here, the authors report a general and efficient iron-catalyzed carboazidation of both alkenes and alkynes enabled by t-butyl perbenzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Nagarajan Ramkumar
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Mong-Feng Chiou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wujun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ji-Hu Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, 350002, Fujian, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Zhang YX, Jin RX, Yin H, Li Y, Wang XS. Copper-Catalyzed Dichloromethylazidation of Alkenes Using BrCCl2H as a Stoichiometric Dichloromethylating Reagent. Org Lett 2018; 20:7283-7287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Xing Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Han Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Cai Y, Liu X, Zhou P, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Halofunctionalization of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1-13. [PMID: 30339377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Halofunctionalization methods enable the vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes with heteroatom nucleophiles and halogen moieties. As a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis, the catalytic asymmetric variants have only recently been reported. In sharp contrast to the asymmetric halocyclization of simple alkenes which involves a nucleophile-assisted alkene activation process, the asymmetric halofunctionalization of enones developed by our laboratory features an electrophile-assisted 1,4-addition pathway. Our work in this area has resulted in the development of several different types of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective processes, including inter- and intramolecular haloaminations, haloetherifications, and haloazidations. The scope, updated mechanism, limitations, and future perspective of these reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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