1
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Bunschoten R, Peschke F, Taladriz-Sender A, Alexander E, Andrews MJ, Kennedy AR, Fazakerley NJ, Lloyd Jones GC, Watson AJB, Burley GA. Mechanistic Basis of the Cu(OAc) 2 Catalyzed Azide-Ynamine (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13558-13570. [PMID: 38712910 PMCID: PMC11099971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is used as a ligation tool throughout chemical and biological sciences. Despite the pervasiveness of CuAAC, there is a need to develop more efficient methods to form 1,4-triazole ligated products with low loadings of Cu. In this paper, we disclose a mechanistic model for the ynamine-azide (3 + 2) cycloadditions catalyzed by copper(II) acetate. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, a dual catalytic cycle is identified. First, the formation of a diyne species via Glaser-Hay coupling of a terminal ynamine forms a Cu(I) species competent to catalyze an ynamine-azide (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Second, the benzimidazole unit of the ynamine structure has multiple roles: assisting C-H activation, Cu coordination, and the formation of a postreaction resting state Cu complex after completion of the (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Finally, reactivation of the Cu resting state complex is shown by the addition of isotopically labeled ynamine and azide substrates to form a labeled 1,4-triazole product. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the use of mixed valency binuclear catalytic Cu species in conjunction with Cu-coordinating alkynes to afford superior reactivity in CuAAC reactions. Additionally, these data show how the CuAAC reaction kinetics can be modulated by changes to the alkyne substrate, which then has a predictable effect on the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick
P. Bunschoten
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Frederik Peschke
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Andrea Taladriz-Sender
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Emma Alexander
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Andrews
- EaStCHEM,
Purdie Building, School of Chemistry, University
of St Andrews, North
Haugh, St Andrews, FifeKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd Jones
- EaStCHEM.
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM,
Purdie Building, School of Chemistry, University
of St Andrews, North
Haugh, St Andrews, FifeKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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2
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Raju S, Teimouri M, Adhikari B, Donnadieu B, Stokes SL, Emerson JP. Copper complexes for the chemoselective N-arylation of arylamines and sulfanilamides via Chan-Evans-Lam cross-coupling. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15986-15994. [PMID: 37847415 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes with tridentate NNN-ligands were utilized for Chan-Evans-Lam (CEL) cross-coupling reactions to enable the N-arylation of multifarious N-nucleophiles through the activation of aryl boronic acids. A condition-specific methodology was developed to chemoselectively target the amine versus sulfonamide N-arylation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide using new catalysts. Two different pyridine-based ligands and corresponding copper(II) complexes were characterized using 1H and 13C-NMR, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, HRMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. Solvent and base-controlled cross-coupling reactions were observed, which led to the optimization of selective conditions for targeted C-N bond formation of sulfanilamides. Beyond the chemoselective processes reported here, a breadth of N-nucleophiles including sulfanilamides and arylamines were screened for arylation by this CEL catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Mohsen Teimouri
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bhupendra Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Sean L Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Joseph P Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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3
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González-Lainez M, Gallegos M, Munarriz J, Azpiroz R, Passarelli V, Jiménez MV, Pérez-Torrente JJ. Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) by Functionalized NHC-Based Polynuclear Catalysts: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Organometallics 2022; 41:2154-2169. [PMID: 35971402 PMCID: PMC9374069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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Copper(I) [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2L)]n (L = OMe,
NEt2, NHtBu) compounds supported by flexible
functionalized NHC-based polydentate ligands have been prepared in
a one-pot procedure by reacting the corresponding imidazolium salt
with an excess of copper powder and Ag2O. An X-ray diffraction
analysis has revealed that
[Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)]n is
a linear coordination polymer formed by bimetallic [Cu(μ-Br)]2 units linked by the lutidine-based NHC-py-NEt2 ligand, which acts as a heteroditopic ligand with a 1κC-2κ2N,N′ coordination
mode. We propose that the polymeric compounds break down in the solution
into more compact tetranuclear [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2L)]2 compounds
with a coordination mode identical to the functionalized NHC ligands.
These compounds have been found to exhibit high catalytic activity
in the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
In particular, [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)]2 efficiently
catalyzes the click reaction of a range of azides and alkynes, under
an inert atmosphere at room temperature in neat conditions at a very
low catalyst loading, to quantitatively afford the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted
1,2,3-triazole derivatives in a few minutes. The cycloaddition reaction
of benzyl azide to phenylacetylene can be performed at 25–50
ppm catalyst loading by increasing the reaction time and/or temperature.
Reactivity studies have shown that the activation of the polynuclear
catalyst precursor involves the alkyne deprotonation by the NHC moiety
of the polydentate ligand to afford a copper(I)-alkynyl species bearing
a functionalized imidazolium ligand. DFT calculations support the
participation of the dinuclear species [(CuBr)2(μ-tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)], resulting
from the fragmentation of the tetranuclear compound, as the catalytically
active species. The proposed reaction pathway proceeds through zwitterionic
dinuclear intermediates and entails the active participation of both
copper atoms, as well as the NHC moiety as an internal base, which
activates the reacting alkyne via deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Lainez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón Azpiroz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Sampath S, Vadivelu M, Raheem AA, Indirajith R, Parthasarathy K, Karthikeyan K, Praveen C. Practical Coprecipitation Approach for High-Aspect Ratio Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Catalytic Platform for Huisgen and Fluorogenic Click Chemistry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugirdha Sampath
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Murugan Vadivelu
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Abbasriyaludeen Abdul Raheem
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630003, India
| | - Ravanan Indirajith
- Department of Physics, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Kannabiran Parthasarathy
- Animal & Mineral Origin Drug Research Laboratory, CCRS─Siddha Central Research Institute, Chennai 600106, India
| | - Kesavan Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630003, India
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5
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Nazarova AL, Zayat B, Fokin VV, Narayan SR. Electrochemical Studies of the Cycloaddition Activity of Bismuth(III) Acetylides Towards Organic Azides Under Copper(I)-Catalyzed Conditions. Front Chem 2022; 10:830237. [PMID: 36204144 PMCID: PMC9531323 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent monitoring of the reactive intermediates provides valuable information about the mechanism of a synthetic transformation. However, the process frequently involves intermediates with short lifetimes that significantly challenge the accessibility of the desired kinetic data. We report in situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of the cycloaddition reaction of organobismuth(III) compounds with organic azides under the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. A series of bismuth(III) acetylides carrying diphenyl sulfone scaffolds have been synthesized to study the underlying electronic and steric effects of the tethered moieties capable of transannular oxygen O···Bi interactions and para-functionality of the parent phenylacetylene backbones. While belonging to the family of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the reaction yielding 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide is the sole example of a complex catalytic transformation that features activity of bismuth(III) acetylides towards organic azides under copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. Stepwise continuous monitoring of the copper(I)/copper(0) redox activity of the copper(I) catalyst by cyclic voltammetry provided novel insights into the complex catalytic cycle of the bismuth(III)-triazolide formation. From CV-derived kinetic data, reaction rate parameters of the bismuth(III) acetylides coordination to the copper(I) catalyst (KA) and equilibrium concentration of the copper species [cat]eq. are compared with the overall 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide formation rate constant kobs obtained by 1H-NMR kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina L. Nazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Billal Zayat
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Valery V. Fokin, ; Sri R. Narayan,
| | - Sri R. Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Valery V. Fokin, ; Sri R. Narayan,
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Rai
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Deepshikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
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7
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Sai Allaka B, Basavoju S, Rama Krishna G. A Photoinduced Multicomponent Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐Triazoles: Transition Metal‐, Azide‐ and Oxidant‐Free Protocol. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargava Sai Allaka
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal-506 004 Telangana India
| | - Srinivas Basavoju
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal-506 004 Telangana India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune Maharashtra 411 008 India
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8
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Yu F, Zhou Z, Song J, Zhao Y. DFT and AFIR study on the copper(i)-catalyzed mechanism of 5-enamine-trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole synthesis via C-N cross-coupling and the origin of ring-opening of 2 H-azirines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2744-2755. [PMID: 35424213 PMCID: PMC8693862 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the synthesis mechanism of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles is an important and state-of-the-art research area of contemporary copper(i)-catalyzed terminal alkyne and organic azide click reaction (CuAAC), which has invoked increasing close collaborations between experiment and theory including copper catalyzed interrupted click reaction. In this study, the mechanism of Cu(i)-catalyzed 5-enamine-functionalized fully substituted 1,2,3-triazole synthesis was rationalized via density functional theory (DFT) and multicomponent artificial force-induced reaction (MC-AFIR) methods. The reasonable reaction route consists of (a) di-copper catalyzed ring-opening of 2H-azirines, (b) alkyne hydrogen atom transfer, (c) [3 + 2] ring cycloaddition, and (d) C-N bond formation through reductive elimination. The MC-AFIR method was used for the systematic determination of transition states for the C/N-Cu bond formation, C-N bond coupling and crossing points between singlet and triplet states. Our survey on the prereactant complexes suggested that the dicopper-catalyzed 2H-azirine ring-opening and alkyne hydrogen activation are both thermodynamically feasible via a singlet/triplet crossing point. This explains why Et3N is critical for alkyne hydrogen transfer (HT) before the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and the C-N cross-coupling product instead of the click product (byproduct). Our DFT results indicate that the transmetalation process is the rate determination step along the triplet state potential energy surface. This study provides important mechanistic insights for the interrupted CuAAC reaction to form 5-enamine-fully-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles. Further insight prediction interprets that solvent and extra strong ligand coordination play a certain role in competitive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Zhaoman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Textiles Materials and Manufacture Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China
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9
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Liu X, Wang K, Liu Y, Li C. Divergent Asymmetric Reactions of ortho-Quinone Methides with α-Thiocyanato Indanones for the Synthesis of Spiro- and Fused-Indanones. Chemistry 2021; 27:735-739. [PMID: 32909264 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reported in this work is a water triggered chemo-divergent enantioselective spiro-annulation and cascade reaction of ortho-quinone methides (o-QMs) with α-thiocyanato indanones catalyzed by a chiral organic base. In the case of spiro-annulation, the use of trace amount of water as additive is critical to achieve high enantioselectivity (up to 96 % ee). We found that a cascade reaction was enabled by just tuning the ratio of water in solvent. Accordingly, two new highly efficient asymmetric reactions for the divergent synthesis of spiro- and fused-indanone scaffolds with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) were developed. Mechanistic investigations suggest that interfacial hydrogen bonding may play an important role in achieving the switchable reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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10
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Castillo JC, Bravo NF, Tamayo LV, Mestizo PD, Hurtado J, Macías M, Portilla J. Water-Compatible Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles under Ultrasonic Conditions by a Cu(I) Complex-Mediated Click Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30148-30159. [PMID: 33251449 PMCID: PMC7689893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new monophosphine Cu(I) complex bearing bis(pyrazolyl)methane (L 1 ) (CuIL 1 PPh 3 ) was synthesized and used as a catalyst for the three-component click reaction from an alkyl halide, sodium azide, and terminal alkyne to furnish 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in up to 93% yield. The catalyst is highly stable, compatible with oxygen/water, and works with total efficiency under ultrasonic condition. The structure of the complex was studied and confirmed by X-ray crystallography, finding a riveting relationship with its catalytic activity. This sustainable triazoles synthesis is distinguished by its high atom economy, low catalyst loading (up to 0.5 mol %), broad substrate scope, short reaction times, operational simplicity, and an easy gram-scale supply of a functionalized product for subsequent synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
- Escuela
de Ciencias Química, Universidad
Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Nestor-Fabian Bravo
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lenka-Victoria Tamayo
- Grupo
de Investigación en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis
y Bioinorgánica, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Paula-Daniela Mestizo
- Grupo
de Investigación en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis
y Bioinorgánica, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - John Hurtado
- Grupo
de Investigación en Química Inorgánica, Catálisis
y Bioinorgánica, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mario Macías
- Department
of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Polynski MV, Sapova MD, Ananikov VP. Understanding the solubilization of Ca acetylide with a new computational model for ionic pairs. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13102-13112. [PMID: 34094492 PMCID: PMC8163204 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04752j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique reactivity of the acetylenic unit in DMSO gives rise to ubiquitous synthetic methods. We theoretically consider CaC2 solubility and protolysis in DMSO and formulate a strategy for CaC2 activation in solution-phase chemical transformations. For this, we use a new strategy for the modeling of ionic compounds in strongly coordinating solvents combining Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with the DFTB3-D3(BJ) Hamiltonian and static DFT computations at the PBE0-D3(BJ)/pob-TZVP-gCP level. We modeled the thermodynamics of CaC2 protolysis under ambient conditions, taking into account its known heterogeneity and considering three polymorphs of CaC2. We give a theoretical basis for the existence of the elusive intermediate HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ca-OH and show that CaC2 insolubility in DMSO is of thermodynamic nature. We confirm the unique role of water and specific properties of DMSO in CaC2 activation and explain how the activation is realized. The proposed strategy for the utilization of CaC2 in sustainable organic synthesis is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Polynski
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky Prospect 26 Saint Petersburg 198504 Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mariia D Sapova
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky Prospect 26 Saint Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Saint Petersburg State University Universitetsky Prospect 26 Saint Petersburg 198504 Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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12
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Mechanistic study in azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) catalyzed by bifunctional trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complex: Shift in rate-determining step. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Beltrán Á, Gata I, Maya C, Avó J, Lima JC, Laia CAT, Peloso R, Outis M, Nicasio MC. Dinuclear Cu(I) Halides with Terphenyl Phosphines: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and Catalytic Applications in CuAAC Reactions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10894-10906. [PMID: 32691590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several dinuclear terphenyl phosphine copper(I) halide complexes of composition [CuX(PR2Ar')]2 (X = Cl, Br, I; R = hydrocarbyl, Ar' = 2,6-diarylterphenyl radical), 1-5, have been isolated from the reaction of CuX with 1 equiv of the phosphine ligand. Most of them have been characterized by X-ray diffraction studies in the solid state, thus allowing comparative discussions of different structural parameters, namely, Cu···Cu and Cu···Aryl separations, conformations adopted by coordinated phosphines, and planarity of the Cu2X2 cores. Centrosymmetric complexes [CuI(PMe2ArXyl2)]2, 1c, and [CuI(PEt2ArMes2)]2, 3c, despite their similar structures, show very distinct photoluminescence (PL) in powder form at room temperature. The photophysical behavior of these compounds in liquid solution, solid-solid Zeonex solution and powder samples at room temperature and 77 K have been investigated and supported by DFT calculation. Identification of vibronic coupling modes, done by group theory calculations and the technique of projection operators, shows that the manifestation of these modes is conditioned by crystal packing. Complexes [CuI(PMe2ArXyl2)]2, 1c, and [CuI(PEt2ArMes2)]2, 3c, display remarkable activity in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions involving preformed and in situ-made azides. Reactions are performed in H2O, under aerobic conditions, with low catalyst loadings and tolerate the use of iodoalkynes as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Beltrán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gata
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - João Avó
- IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - César A T Laia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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14
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Alexander JR, Packard MH, Hildebrandt AM, Ott AA, Topczewski JJ. Divergent Mechanisms of the Banert Cascade with Propargyl Azides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3174-3181. [PMID: 31944764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triazoles are privileged heterocycles for a variety of applications. The synthesis of 1H-triazoles can be accomplished by the Banert cascade from propargylic azides. Depending on the substrate and conditions, the Banert cascade can proceed by either a sigmatropic or prototropic mechanism. This report describes the first detailed kinetic analysis of the Banert cascade proceeding by both pathways including substituent effects and KIE. The analysis identified the inflection point in the divergent pathways, allowing future work to predict which Banert products are accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Alexander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mary H Packard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alanna M Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Amy A Ott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Kim WG, Baek SY, Jeong SY, Nam D, Jeon JH, Choe W, Baik MH, Hong SY. Chemo- and regioselective click reactions through nickel-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3374-3381. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00579g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of unsymmetrical alkynes and organic azides afford substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with high levels of chemo- and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Gyum Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-yeol Baek
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations
| | - Seo Yeong Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsik Nam
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations
| | - Sung You Hong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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16
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Tipping WJ, Lee M, Brunton VG, Lloyd-Jones GC, Hulme AN. Kinetic analysis of bioorthogonal reaction mechanisms using Raman microscopy. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:71-85. [PMID: 31531436 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is well-suited to the study of bioorthogonal reaction processes because it is a non-destructive technique, which employs relatively low energy laser irradiation, and water is only very weakly scattered in the Raman spectrum enabling live cell imaging. In addition, Raman spectroscopy allows species-specific label-free visualisation; chemical contrast may be achieved when imaging a cell in its native environment without fixatives or stains. Combined with the rapid advances in the field of Raman imaging over the last decade, particularly in stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), this technique has the potential to revolutionise our mechanistic understanding of the biochemical and medicinal chemistry applications of bioorthogonal reactions. Current approaches to the kinetic analysis of bioorthogonal reactions (including heat flow calorimetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, IR, NMR and MS) have a number of practical shortcomings for intracellular applications. We highlight the advantages offered by Raman microscopy for reaction analysis in the context of both established and emerging bioorthogonal reactions, including the copper(i) catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction and Glaser-Hay coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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17
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Tang Y, Yu B. Coinage Metal (Bisfluorosulfonyl)imide Complexes: Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai China
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18
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Daponte JA, Guo Y, Ruck RT, Hein JE. Using an Automated Monitoring Platform for Investigations of Biphasic Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Daponte
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yuejun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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19
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Zhu C, Wei Y, Shi M. Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Transannulation of 4‐Methoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone Tethered 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Synthesis of Azaspiro[5.5]undecane Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Zhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry & Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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20
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Govdi AI, Danilkina NA, Ponomarev AV, Balova IA. 1-Iodobuta-1,3-diynes in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: A One-Step Route to 4-Ethynyl-5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1925-1940. [PMID: 30632741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of iododiacetylenes with organic azides using iodotris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) as a catalyst was found to be an efficient one-step synthetic route to 5-iodo-4-ethynyltriazoles. The reaction is tolerant to various functional groups in both butadiyne and azide moieties. The synthetic application of 5-iodo-4-ethynyl triazoles obtained was also evaluated: the Sonogashira coupling with alkynes resulted in unsymmetrically substituted triazole-fused enediyne systems, while the Suzuki reaction yielded the corresponding 5-aryl-4-ethynyl triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I Govdi
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Natalia A Danilkina
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Alexander V Ponomarev
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Irina A Balova
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU) , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
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21
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Zhu CZ, Wei Y, Shi M. Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed divergent intramolecular tandem cyclization of N- or O-tethered cyclohexa-2,5-dienones with 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole: synthesis of cyclopropa[cd]indole and benzofuran derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel rhodium(ii)-catalyzed divergent intramolecular tandem cyclization of N- or O-tethered cyclohexa-2,5-dienones and 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole is disclosed, affording cyclopropa[cd]indole and benzofuran derivatives in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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22
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Guo S, Dong P, Chen Y, Feng X, Liu X. Chiral Guanidine/Copper Catalyzed Asymmetric Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition/[2+2] Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Pei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yushuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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23
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Guo S, Dong P, Chen Y, Feng X, Liu X. Chiral Guanidine/Copper Catalyzed Asymmetric Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition/[2+2] Cascade Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16852-16856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Pei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yushuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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