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Luo J, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Houk KN, Zheng K. Photochemical Skeletal Editing of Pyridines to Bicyclic Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21389-21400. [PMID: 38875215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
We present an efficient one-pot photochemical skeletal editing protocol for the transformation of pyridines into diverse bicyclic pyrazolines and pyrazoles under mild conditions. The method requires no metals, photocatalysts, or additives and allows for the selective removal of specific carbon atoms from pyridines, allowing for unprecedented versatility. Our approach offers a convenient and efficient means for the late-stage modification of complex drug molecules by replacing the core pyridine skeleton. Moreover, we have successfully scaled up this procedure in stop-flow and flow-chemistry systems, showcasing its applicability to intricate transformations such as the Diels-Alder reaction, hydrogenation, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and Heck reaction. Through control experiments and DFT calculations, we provide insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of this skeletal editing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Zhou Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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2
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Dong CL, Liu HC, Guan Z, He YH. Photoredox-Neutral Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling of Isatins and Benzyl Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10929-10938. [PMID: 39034667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-neutral radical-radical cross-coupling is described for the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-alkyloxindoles using isatins and benzyl carboxylic acids as substrates and 2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) as the photocatalyst. The method features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, providing 30 sterically hindered alcohols with moderate to excellent yields. This approach utilizes inexpensive and commercially available starting materials, avoiding the use of transition metals, extra oxidants/reductants, and harsh reaction conditions, showcasing significant applicability and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han-Chi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Sharma AK, Maseras F. The Subtle Mechanism of Nickel-Photocatalyzed C(sp 3)-H Cross-Coupling. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13801-13806. [PMID: 39018463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This computational study revises and reformulates the mechanism for the cross-coupling reaction between chlorobenzene and tetrahydrofuran catalyzed by a Ni complex with the assistance of an Ir photocatalyst. This is a representative process of transition-metal photocatalysis, and variations of it have been reported by different experimental authors. It has been also the subject of previous computational studies, which we revise and extend. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and microkinetic modeling indicate that the most efficient mechanism takes place through an energy-transfer step and involves a NiIII complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K Sharma
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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4
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Guo SY, Liu YP, Huang JS, He LB, He GC, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6102. [PMID: 39030211 PMCID: PMC11271625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines. The ring-fused azaarenes serve as not only substrate, but also potential precursors for halogen-atom abstraction for pyridyl radical generation in this photocatalysis. As a complement to metal catalysis, this photo-induced radical process with mild and redox neutral conditions assembles two different heteroaryl groups into alkenes regioselectively and contribute to broad substrates scope. The obtained products containing aza-arene units permit various further diversifications, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of photo-induced alkyl/aryl halides activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Peng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Song Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bowen He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Dong CL, Liu HC, He YH, Guan Z. Photoinduced Redox Cascade Reaction of Isatins and Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids to Access 6-Hydroxyindoloquinazolinones. Chemistry 2024:e202400655. [PMID: 38959118 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced cascade reaction is described for the one-pot synthesis of 6-hydroxyindoloquinazolinones using isatins (or isatins and isatoic anhydrides) and aliphatic carboxylic acids. The method provides 36 desired products in 33-96 % yield, exhibiting broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. This approach utilizes inexpensive and commercially available starting materials, enabling the direct construction of high-value complex structures under mild conditions without the need for photocatalyst, showcasing significant applicability and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Han-Chi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Guo GC, Zhao JP, Guo S, Shi WX, Liu FC, Lu TB, Zhang ZM. Building Co 16-N 3-Based UiO-MOF to Expand Design Parameters for MOF Photosensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402374. [PMID: 38655601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The construction of secondary building units (SBUs) in versatile metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a promising method for developing multi-functional materials, especially for improving their sensitizing ability. Herein, we developed a dual small molecules auxiliary strategy to construct a high-nuclear transition-metal-based UiO-architecture Co16-MOF-BDC with visible-light-absorbing capacity. Remarkably, the N3 - molecule in hexadecameric cobalt azide SBU offers novel modification sites to precise bonding of strong visible-light-absorbing chromophores via click reaction. The resulting Bodipy@Co16-MOF-BDC exhibits extremely high performance for oxidative coupling benzylamine (~100 % yield) via both energy and electron transfer processes, which is much superior to that of Co16-MOF-BDC (31.5 %) and Carboxyl @Co16-MOF-BDC (37.5 %). Systematic investigations reveal that the advantages of Bodipy@Co16-MOF-BDC in dual light-absorbing channels, robust bonding between Bodipy/Co16 clusters and efficient electron-hole separation can greatly boost photosynthesis. This work provides an ideal molecular platform for synergy between photosensitizing MOFs and chromophores by constructing high-nuclear transition-metal-based SBUs with surface-modifiable small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Chen Guo
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jiong-Peng Zhao
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Song Guo
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Fu-Chen Liu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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7
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Uchikura T, Akutsu F, Tani H, Akiyama T. Photoreduction of Trifluoromethyl Group: Lithium Ion Assisted Fluoride-Coupled Electron Transfer from EDA Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400658. [PMID: 38600038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced single-electron reduction is an efficient method for the mono-selective activation of the C-F bond on a trifluoromethyl group to construct a difluoroalkyl group. We have developed an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex mediated single-electron transfer (EDA-SET) of α,α,α-trifluoromethyl arenes in the presence of lithium salt to give α,α-difluoroalkylarenes. The C-F bond reduction was realized by lithium iodide and triethylamine, two common feedstock reagents. Mechanistic studies revealed the generation of a α,α-difluoromethyl radical by single-electron reduction and defluorination, followed by the radical addition to alkenes. Lithium salt interacted with the fluorine atom to promote the photoinduced reduction mediated by the EDA complex. Computational studies indicated that the lithium-assisted defluorination and the single-electron reduction occurred concertedly. We call this phenomenon fluoride-coupled electron transfer (FCET). FCET is a novel approach to C-F bond activation for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fua Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Xiao Y, Tian Y, Xu W, Zhu J. Photodegradation of Microplastics through Nanomaterials: Insights into Photocatalysts Modification and Detailed Mechanisms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2755. [PMID: 38894019 PMCID: PMC11174110 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a profound environmental challenge, impacting ecosystems and human health through mechanisms such as bioaccumulation and ecosystem contamination. While traditional water treatment methods can partially remove microplastics, their limitations highlight the need for innovative green approaches like photodegradation to ensure more effective and sustainable removal. This review explores the potential of nanomaterial-enhanced photocatalysts in addressing this issue. Utilizing their unique properties like large surface area and tunable bandgap, nanomaterials significantly improve degradation efficiency. Different strategies for photocatalyst modification to improve photocatalytic performance are thoroughly summarized, with a particular emphasis on element doping and heterojunction construction. Furthermore, this review thoroughly summarizes the possible fundamental mechanisms driving the photodegradation of microplastics facilitated by nanomaterials, with a focus on processes like free radical formation and singlet oxygen oxidation. This review not only synthesizes critical findings from existing studies but also identifies gaps in the current research landscape, suggesting that further development of these photocatalytic techniques could lead to substantial advancements in environmental remediation practices. By delineating these novel approaches and their mechanisms, this work underscores the significant environmental implications and contributes to the ongoing development of sustainable solutions to mitigate microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xiao
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Program of Material Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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9
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Das A, Justin Thomas KR. Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400193. [PMID: 38546345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross-coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C-H functionalization of aryl substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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10
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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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11
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Li H, Li R, Liu G, Zhai M, Yu J. Noble-Metal-Free Single- and Dual-Atom Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301307. [PMID: 37178457 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis enables direct solar-to-chemical energy conversion aimed at mitigating environmental pollution and producing solar fuels and chemicals in a green and sustainable approach, and efficient, robust, and low-cost photocatalysts are the heart of artificial photosynthesis systems. As an emerging new class of cocatalytic materials, single-atom catalysts (SACs) and dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have received a great deal of current attention due to their maximal atom utilization and unique photocatalytic properties, whereas noble-metal-free ones impart abundance, availability, and cost-effectiveness allowing for scalable implementation. This review outlines the fundamental principles and synthetic methods of SACs and DACs and summarizes the most recent advances in SACs (Co, Fe, Cu, Ni, Bi, Al, Sn, Er, La, Ba, etc.) and DACs (CuNi, FeCo, InCu, KNa, CoCo, CuCu, etc.) based on non-noble metals, confined on an arsenal of organic or inorganic substrates (polymeric carbon nitride, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon, etc.) acting as versatile scaffolds in solar-light-driven photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, methane conversion, organic synthesis, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and environmental remediation. The review concludes with the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of noble-metal-free SACs and DACs for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, The Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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12
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Huang W, Zhang W, Chen G, Chen Y, Ma J, Huang D, Zhao Q, Wu B. Visible light-driven oxidation of non-native substrate by laccase attached on Ru-based metal-organic frameworks. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:741-753. [PMID: 37980056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced electron transfer can broaden the substrate range of metalloenzyme. However, the efficiency of photo-enzyme coupling is limited by the poor combination of photosensitizer or photocatalyst with enzyme. Herein, we prepared the nano-photocatalyst MIL-125-NH2@Ru(bpy) by in site embedding ruthenium pyridine-diimine complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+ into metal organic frameworks MIL-125-NH2 and associated it with multicopper oxidase (MCO) laccase. Compared to [Ru(bpy)3]2+, the coupling efficiency of MIL-125-NH2@Ru(bpy)3 for enzymatic oxygen reduction increased by 35.7%. A series of characterizations confirmed that the amino group of laccase formed chemical bonds with the surface defects or hydrophobic groups of MIL-125-NH2@Ru(bpy)3. Consequently, the tight binding accelerated the quenching process and electron transfer between laccase and the immobilized ruthenium pyridine-diimine complex. This work would open an avenue for the synthesis of MOFs photocatalyst towards photo-enzyme coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guantongyi Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Qinzheng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China; Key Laboratory of Suzhou Sponge City Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.
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13
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Sakakibara Y, Itami K, Murakami K. Switchable Decarboxylation by Energy- or Electron-Transfer Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1554-1562. [PMID: 38103176 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Kolbe dimerization and Hofer-Moest reactions are well-investigated carboxylic acid transformations, wherein new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds are constructed via electrochemical decarboxylation. These transformations can be switched by choosing an electrode that allows control of the reactive intermediate, such as carbon radical or carbocation. However, the requirement of a high current density diminishes the functional group compatibility with these electrochemical reactions. Here, we demonstrate the photocatalytic decarboxylative transformation of activated carboxylic acids in a switchable and functional group-compatible manner. We discovered that switching between Kolbe-type or Hofer-Moest-type reactions can be accomplished with suitable photocatalysts by controlling the reaction pathways: energy transfer (EnT) and single-electron transfer (SET). The EnT pathway promoted by an organo-photocatalyst yielded 1,2-diarylethane from arylacetic acids, whereas the ruthenium photoredox catalyst allows the construction of an ester scaffold with two arylmethyl moieties via the SET pathway. The resulting radical intermediates were coupled to olefins to realize multicomponent reactions. Consequently, four different products were selectively obtained from a simple carboxylic acid. This discovery offers new opportunities for selectively synthesizing multiple products via switchable reactions using identical substrates with minimal cost and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda 102-0076, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Hyogo, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda 102-0076, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Tripti T, Singh P, Rani N, Kumar S, Kumar K, Kumar P. Carbon dots as potential candidate for photocatalytic treatment of dye wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6738-6765. [PMID: 38157163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is the utmost important element for the existence of life. In recent decades, water resources have become highly contaminated by a variety of pollutants, especially toxic dyes that are harmful to both living beings and environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop more effective methods than traditional wastewater treatment approaches for treatment of hazardous dyes. Herein, we have addressed the various aspects related to the effective and economically feasible method for photocatalytic degradation of these dyes employing carbon dots. The photocatalysts based on carbon dots including those mediated from biomass have many superiorities over conventional methods such as utilization of economically affordable, non-toxic, rapid reactions, and simple post-processing steps. The current study will also facilitate better insight into the understanding of photocatalytic treatment of dye-polluted wastewater for future wastewater treatment studies. Additionally, the possible mechanistic pathways of photocatalytic dye decontamination, several challenges, and future perspectives have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Tripti
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Permender Singh
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Rani
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Parmod Kumar
- J. C, Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
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16
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Santos AD, Pinho E, Reis P, Martins RC, Gmurek M, Nogueira A, Castro-Silva S, Castro LM, Quinta-Ferreira RM. Heterogeneous photosensitization for water reuse in cellars: evaluation of silica, spongin, and chitosan as carrier material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31178-0. [PMID: 38135794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitization, a powerful oxidation reaction, offers significant potential for wastewater treatment in the context of industrial process water reuse. This environmentally friendly process can be crucial in reducing water consumption and industrial pollution. The ultimate goal is to complete process water reuse, creating a closed-loop system that preserves the inherent value of water resources. The photosensitized oxidation reaction hinges on three essential components: the photosensitizer, visible light, and oxygen. In this study, we assess the performance of three distinct materials-silica, chitosan, and spongin-as carrier materials for incorporating the phthalocyanine photosensitizer (ZnPcS4) in the heterogenous photosensitization process. Among the three materials under study, chitosan emerged as the standout performer in reactor hydrodynamic performance. In the photooxidation process, the photosensitizer ZnPcS4 exhibited notable efficacy, resulting in a significant reduction of approximately 20 to 30% in the remaining COD concentration of the cellar wastewater. Chitosan demonstrated exceptional hydrodynamic characteristics and displayed a favorable response to pH adjustments within the range of 8 to 10, outperforming the other two carrier materials. To further enhance the efficiency of continuous operation, exploring methods for mitigating photosensitizer bleaching within the reaction medium and investigating the impact of different pH values on the process optimization would be prudent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia D Santos
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Pinho
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Reis
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Gmurek
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anabela Nogueira
- , Lda, Rua de Fundões, 151, 3700-121, São João da Madeira, Portugal
| | | | - Luís M Castro
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Li XL, Han N, Zhang RZ, Niu KK, Dong RZ, Liu H, Yu S, Wang YB, Xing LB. Host-Guest Photosensitizer of a Cationic BODIPY Derivative and Cucurbit[7]uril for High-Efficiency Visible Light-Induced Photooxidation Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55803-55812. [PMID: 37983520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge of interest in the fields of organic and pharmaceutical research about photocatalysts (PCs) and photosensitizers (PSs). In this study, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) molecule adorned with quaternary ammonium (TMB) functionality was meticulously designed and synthesized. This compound has remarkable characteristics such as exceptional water solubility, great optical qualities, and commendable photostability. It can form a 1:1 complex (TMB-CB[7]) with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) through host-guest interactions in the aqueous solution and shows obvious fluorescence enhancement. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation ability of TMB-CB[7] were promoted compared with that of TMB in the aqueous solution. More interestingly, the ROS generated from TMB-CB[7] can be used as PCs for aerobic cross dehydrogenation coupling reactions and photooxidation reactions in water with high yields of 89 and 95%, respectively. Therefore, the utilization of a host-guest PS presents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for conducting photocatalyzed organic processes under ambient conditions using visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Rong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Zhi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
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18
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Latrache M, Lefebvre C, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Photochemically Induced Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reactions with Oxazolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16435-16455. [PMID: 37983612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically induced intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in oxazolones is reported. An acetal or thioacetal function at the side chain acts as a hydrogen donor while the photochemical exited oxazolone is the acceptor. A one-step process─the electron and the proton are simultaneously transferred─is productive, while electron transfer followed by proton transfer is inefficient. Radical combination then takes place, leading to the formation of a C-C or C-N bond. The regioselectivity of the reaction is explained by the diradical/zwitterion dichotomy of radical intermediates at the singlet state. In the present case, the zwitterion structure plays a central role, and intramolecular electron transfer favors spin-orbit coupling and thus the intersystem crossing to the singlet state. The reaction of corresponding thioacetal derivatives is less efficient. In this case, photochemical electron transfer is competitive. The photoproducts resulting from C-C bond formation easily undergo stepwise thermal decarboxylation in which zwitterionic and polar transition states are involved. A computational study of this step has also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
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19
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Wu Z, Boyer C. Near-Infrared Light-Induced Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: Expanding Frontiers in Photopolymerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304942. [PMID: 37750445 PMCID: PMC10667859 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) or photoinduced controlled/living radical polymerization has emerged as a versatile and powerful technique for preparing functional and advanced polymer materials under mild conditions by harnessing light energy. While UV and visible light (λ = 400-700 nm) are extensively employed in photo-RDRP, the utilization of near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (λ = 700-2500 nm) beyond the visible region remains relatively unexplored. NIR light possesses unique properties, including enhanced light penetration, reduced light scattering, and low biomolecule absorption, thereby providing opportunities for applying photo-RDRP in the fields of manufacturing and medicine. This comprehensive review categorizes all known NIR light-induced RDRP (NIR-RDRP) systems into four mechanism-based types: mediation by upconversion nanoparticles, mediation by photocatalysts, photothermal conversion, and two-photon absorption. The distinct photoinitiation pathways associated with each mechanism are discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights the diverse applications of NIR-RDRP reported to date, including 3D printing, polymer brush fabrication, drug delivery, nanoparticle synthesis, and hydrogel formation. By presenting these applications, the review underscores the exceptional capabilities of NIR-RDRP and offers guidance for developing high-performance and versatile photopolymerization systems. Exploiting the unique properties of NIR light unlocks new opportunities for synthesizing functional and advanced polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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20
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Kuehner C, Hill AG, Harris CF, Owens CA, Bacsa J, Soper JD. Catalytic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Visible Light Photoexcitation of a Co(III)-CF 3 Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:13607-13617. [PMID: 37881792 PMCID: PMC10594583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt photocatalyst for direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arene C(sp2)-H bonds is described and shown to operate via visible light activation of a Co-CF3 intermediate, which functions as a combined chromophore and organometallic reaction center. Chemical oxidations of previously reported (OCO)Co complexes containing a redox-active [OCO] pincer ligand afford a Co-CF3 complex two oxidation states above Co(II). Computational and spectroscopic studies are consistent with formulation of the product as [(OCO•)CoIII(CF3)(THF)(OTf)] (II) containing an open-shell [OCO•]1- radical ligand bound to a S = 0 Co(III) center. II is thermodynamically stable, but exposure to blue (440 nm) light induces Co-CF3 bond homolysis and release of •CF3, which is trapped by radical acceptors including TEMPO•, (hetero)arenes, or the radical [OCO•] ligand in II. The latter comprises a competitive degradation pathway, which is overcome under catalytic conditions by using excess substrate. Accordingly, generation of II from the reaction of [(OCO)CoIIL] (III) (L = THF, MeCN) with Umemoto's dibenzothiophenium trifluoromethylating reagent (1) followed by photolytic Co-CF3 bond activation completes a photoredox catalytic cycle for C-H (hetero)arene trifluoromethylation utilizing visible light. Electronic structure and photophysical studies, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, suggest that Co-CF3 bond homolysis at II occurs via an ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) (OCO0)CoII(CF3) state, revealing ligand redox activity as a critical design feature and establishing design principles for the use of base metal chromophores for selectivity in photoredox bond activations occurring via free radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
S. Kuehner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew G. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Caleb F. Harris
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Christian A. Owens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- X-ray
Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jake D. Soper
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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21
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Cheng QY, Wang T, Hu J, Chen HY, Xu JJ. In Situ Probing the Short-Lived Intermediates in Visible-Light Heterogeneous Photocatalysis by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14150-14157. [PMID: 37665645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis has recently emerged as an environmentally friendly and energy-sustainable alternative for organic transformations. Despite the advancements in developing wide varieties of photocatalysts during the past decades, the accurate probing and identification of the photogenerated species, especially the short-lived radical intermediates, are still challenging. In this work, we reported a hybrid ion emitter that integrated with a pico-liter heterogeneous photocatalytic reactor, which was fabricated by depositing the photocatalyst (e.g., TiO2) into the front tip of a quartz micropipette. Benefited from the dual-function feature of the hybrid micropipette (i.e., a clog-free tip-confined pico-liter reactor for heterogeneous photocatalysis and an ion emitter for nanoelectrospray ionization), sensitized photoredox reactions at the catalyst-solution interface can be triggered upon visible-light irradiation using a cheap LED laser (453 nm), and the newly produced transient radical intermediates can be rapidly transformed into gaseous ions for mass spectrometric identification. Using this novel low-delay coupling device, photogenerated intermediates, including the cationic radicals produced during the photooxidation of anilines and the anionic radicals produced during the photoreduction of quinones, were successfully captured by mass spectrometry. We believe that our hybrid photochemical microreactor/ion emitter has provided a new and powerful tool for exploring the complicated heterogeneous photochemical processes, especially their ultrafast initial transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Gómez Fernández MA, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds-Application to Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:4746. [PMID: 37375301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative products for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain. The production of cosmetics or surfactants as well as materials for different applications are examples for other domains where new platform chemicals obtained from biomass can be used. Photochemical and especially photocatalytic reactions have recently been recognized as being important tools of organic chemistry as they make compounds or compound families available that cannot be or are difficultly synthesized with conventional methods of organic synthesis. The present review gives a short overview with selected examples on photocatalytic reactions of biopolymers, carbohydrates, fatty acids and some biomass-derived platform chemicals such as furans or levoglucosenone. In this article, the focus is on application to organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Andrés Gómez Fernández
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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24
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Ribes J, Bourdeau Y, Rascol E, Bestel I, Badarau E. Enhancing the photosensitizing activity of natural flavins: Tuning the heavy-atom effect in the isoalloxazine series. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117210. [PMID: 36791612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-photosensitizing activity relationships for a series of flavin analogues were investigated with the final goal of identifying the most potent photosensitizer in these series. The main structural modifications involved the introduction of various halogen atoms in C7- and/or C8-positions on the isoalloxazine ring. These compounds were synthesized by reacting judiciously-functionalized anilines with alloxan. The SAR trends showed that the photosensitizing activity increased with the size of the halogen atoms, confirming the importance of the heavy-atom effect on the photosensitizer's activity. The halogens in C8 were more active than the di-substituted halogens, which in turn were more active than the C7-substituted equivalents. However, even if the photosensitizing activity is slightly less important for the 7- compared to the 8-substituted derivatives, the 7-haloisoalloxazines are promising photosensitizers, as they present a better cellular toxicity profile than the 8-substituted analoges. The photosensitizing activity perfectly correlated with the determined fluorescence for the same compounds. Except for the dihalogeno derivatives, all the compounds were not toxic up to a 50 μM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ribes
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yann Bourdeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Rascol
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Bestel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eduard Badarau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN, UMR 5248, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects (CBMN), Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bât B14, 33600 Pessac, France.
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25
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Zähringer TJB, Moghtader JA, Bertrams MS, Roy B, Uji M, Yanai N, Kerzig C. Blue-to-UVB Upconversion, Solvent Sensitization and Challenging Bond Activation Enabled by a Benzene-Based Annihilator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215340. [PMID: 36398891 PMCID: PMC10108172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several energy-demanding photoreactions require harsh UV light from inefficient light sources. The conversion of low-energy visible light to high-energy singlet states via triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) could offer a solution for driving such reactions under mild conditions. We present the first annihilator with an emission maximum in the UVB region that, combined with an organic sensitizer, is suitable for blue-to-UVB upconversion. The annihilator singlet was successfully employed as an energy donor in subsequent FRET activations of aliphatic carbonyls. This hitherto unreported UC-FRET reaction sequence was directly monitored using laser spectroscopy and applied to mechanistic irradiation experiments demonstrating the feasibility of Norrish chemistry. Our results provide clear evidence for a novel blue light-driven substrate or solvent activation strategy, which is important in the context of developing more sustainable light-to-chemical energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J B Zähringer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian A Moghtader
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria-Sophie Bertrams
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bibhisan Roy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Uji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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26
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Chen S, Yin H, Liu P, Wang Y, Zhao H. Stabilization and Performance Enhancement Strategies for Halide Perovskite Photocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203836. [PMID: 35900361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar-energy-powered photocatalytic fuel production and chemical synthesis are widely recognized as viable technological solutions for a sustainable energy future. However, the requirement of high-performance photocatalysts is a major bottleneck. Halide perovskites, a category of diversified semiconductor materials with suitable energy-band-enabled high-light-utilization efficiencies, exceptionally long charge-carrier-diffusion-length-facilitated charge transport, and readily tailorable compositional, structural, and morphological properties, have emerged as a new class of photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and various organic synthesis reactions. Despite the noticeable progress, the development of high-performance halide perovskite photocatalysts (HPPs) is still hindered by several key challenges: the strong ionic nature and high hydrolysis tendency induce instability and an unsatisfactory activity due to the need for a coactive component to realize redox processes. Herein, the recently developed advanced strategies to enhance the stability and photocatalytic activity of HPPs are comprehensively reviewed. The widely applicable stability enhancement strategies are first articulated, and the activity improvement strategies for fuel production and chemical synthesis are then explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives associated with the application of HPPs in efficient production of fuels and value-added chemicals are presented, indicating the irreplaceable role of the HPPs in the field of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Yin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Porun Liu
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Cost Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Cost Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Cost Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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27
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Uchikura T, Tsubono K, Hara Y, Akiyama T. Dual-Role Halogen-Bonding-Assisted EDA-SET/HAT Photoreaction System with Phenol Catalyst and Aryl Iodide: Visible-Light-Driven Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15499-15510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsubono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yurina Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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28
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Mandal T, Mallick S, Kumari N, De Sarkar S. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthrenes through Successive Photosensitization and Photoredox by a Single Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:8452-8457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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29
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Wang J, Sgarzi M, Němečková Z, Henych J, Licciardello N, Cuniberti G. Reusable and Antibacterial Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for the Adsorption of Dyes and the Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2200076. [PMID: 36381130 PMCID: PMC9638429 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, are amongst the most common water treatment methodologies. Unfortunately, using each of these techniques independently does not fully eliminate the pollutants of diverse nature, which are present in wastewater. Here, an avenue for multifunctional materials for water treatment is opened by reporting for the first time the preparation, characterization, and study of the properties of a novel multifunctional nanocomposite with both adsorption and visible-light-driven photocatalysis abilities. These multifunctional nanocomposites, namely iron (II, III) oxide/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid)/silver-titanium dioxide (Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-co-MAA)/Ag-TiO2), are prepared by combining magnetic polymeric microspheres (Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-co-MAA)) with silver-decorated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs). Cationic dyes, such as basic fuchsin (BF), can be adsorbed by the nanocomposites thanks to the carboxylic groups of Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-co-MAA) microspheres. Concomitantly, the presence of Ag-TiO2 NPs endows the system with the visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation ability toward antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NFX). Furthermore, the proposed nanocomposites show antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli (E. coli), thanks to the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Due to the superparamagnetic properties of iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), the nanocomposites can be also recycled and reused, after the cleaning process, by using an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Institute for Materials ScienceMax Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for NanoanalysisTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Massimo Sgarzi
- Institute for Materials ScienceMax Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for NanoanalysisTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Sciences and NanosystemsCa’ Foscari University of VeniceVia Torino 15530172Venezia MestreItaly
| | - Zuzana Němečková
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryCzech Academy of SciencesHusinec‐Řež 1001Řež250 68Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Henych
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryCzech Academy of SciencesHusinec‐Řež 1001Řež250 68Czech Republic
- Faculty of EnvironmentJan Evangelista Purkyně UniversityPasteurova 3632/15Ústí nad Labem400 96Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Licciardello
- Institute for Materials ScienceMax Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for NanoanalysisTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Present address:
Department of Drug and Health SciencesUniversity of CataniaViale Andrea Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials ScienceMax Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Dresden Center for NanoanalysisTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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30
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Evolution of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY dyes for organic photoredox/energy transfer catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Gan X, Lei D. Plasmonic-metal/2D-semiconductor hybrids for photodetection and photocatalysis in energy-related and environmental processes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Towards the Sustainable Production of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Fuels through Photocatalytic Oxidation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the sulfur-containing compounds are removed from motor fuels through the traditional hydrodesulfurization technology, which takes place under harsh reaction conditions (temperature of 350–450 °C and pressure of 30–60 atm) in the presence of catalysts based on alumina with impregnated cobalt and molybdenum. According to the principles of green chemistry, energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized, i.e., the chemical processes should be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This approach could be implemented using photocatalysts that are sensitive to visible light. The creation of highly active photocatalytic systems for the deep purification of fuels from sulfur compounds becomes an important task of modern catalysis science. The present critical review reports recent progress over the last 5 years in heterogeneous photocatalytic desulfurization under visible light irradiation. Specific attention is paid to the methods for boosting the photocatalytic activity of materials, with a focus on the creation of heterojunctions as the most promising approach. This review also discusses the influence of operating parameters (nature of oxidant, molar ratio of oxidant/sulfur-containing compounds, photocatalyst loading, etc.) on the reaction efficiency. Some perspectives and future research directions on photocatalytic desulfurization are also provided.
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33
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You Y, Jeong DY. Organic Photoredox Catalysts Exhibiting Long Excited-State Lifetimes. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1608-5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganic photoredox catalysts with a long excited-state lifetime have emerged as promising alternatives to transition-metal-complex photocatalysts. This paper explains the effectiveness of using long-lifetime photoredox catalysts for organic transformations, focusing on the structures and photophysics that enable long excited-state lifetimes. The electrochemical potentials of the reported organic, long-lifetime photocatalysts are compiled and compared with those of the representative Ir(III)- and Ru(II)-based catalysts. This paper closes by providing recent demonstrations of the synthetic utility of the organic catalysts.1 Introduction2 Molecular Structure and Photophysics3 Photoredox Catalysis Performance4 Catalysis Mediated by Long-Lifetime Organic Photocatalysts4.1 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Alkenes4.2 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Arenes4.3 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Imines4.4 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Addition to Substrates Having C≡X Bonds (X=C, N)4.5 Photoredox Catalytic Generation of a Radical Species and its Bond Formation with Transition Metals4.6 Miscellaneous Reactions of Radical Species Generated by Photoredox Catalysis5 Conclusions
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Barata‐Vallejo S, Yerien DE, Postigo A. Bioinspired Photocatalyzed Organic Synthetic Transformations. The Use of Natural Pigments and Vitamins in Photocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Barata‐Vallejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
- Istituto per la Sintesis Organica e la Fotorreattivita, ISOF Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Damian E. Yerien
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Junin 954 CP 1113- Buenos Aires Argentina
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35
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Rovisco A, Morais M, Branquinho R, Fortunato E, Martins R, Barquinha P. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Zn 2SnO 4 Nanostructures for Photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV and Sunlight. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2119. [PMID: 35745457 PMCID: PMC9231267 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of water resources by pollutants resulting from human activities represents a major concern nowadays. One promising alternative to solve this problem is the photocatalytic process, which has demonstrated very promising and efficient results. Oxide nanostructures are interesting alternatives for these applications since they present wide band gaps and high surface areas. Among the photocatalytic oxide nanostructures, zinc tin oxide (ZTO) presents itself as an eco-friendly alternative since its composition includes abundant and non-toxic zinc and tin, instead of critical elements. Moreover, ZTO nanostructures have a multiplicity of structures and morphologies possible to be obtained through low-cost solution-based syntheses. In this context, the current work presents an optimization of ZTO nanostructures (polyhedrons, nanoplates, and nanoparticles) obtained by microwave irradiation-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, toward photocatalytic applications. The nanostructures’ photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B under both ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and natural sunlight was evaluated. Among the various morphologies, ZTO nanoparticles revealed the best performance, with degradation > 90% being achieved in 60 min under UV irradiation and in 90 min under natural sunlight. The eco-friendly production process and the demonstrated ability of these nanostructures to be used in various water decontamination processes reinforces their sustainability and the role they can play in a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Barquinha
- CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.B.); (E.F.); (R.M.)
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36
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenperä ASK, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200266. [PMID: 35420220 PMCID: PMC9321721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective Minisci reactions have recently been developed but all instances so far utilize α-amino radical coupling partners. We report a substantial evolution of the enantioselective Minisci reaction that enables α-hydroxy radicals to be used, providing valuable enantioenriched secondary alcohol products. This is achieved through the direct oxidative coupling of two C-H bonds on simple alcohol and pyridine partners through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-driven approach: a challenging process to achieve due to the numerous side reactions that can occur. Our approach is highly regioselective as well as highly enantioselective. Dicumyl peroxide, upon irradiation with 390 nm light, serves as both HAT reagent and oxidant whilst selectivity is controlled by use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. Computational and experimental evidence provide mechanistic insight as to the origin of selectivity, revealing a stereodetermining deprotonation step distinct from the analogous reaction of amide-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avene C Colgan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rupert S J Proctor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David C Gibson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Padon Chuentragool
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Antti S K Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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37
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Hoffmann N. Heterocyclic Compounds in Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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He X, Yao X, Cai SF, Li HR, He LN. Visible light-driven carbamoyloxylation of the α-C(sp 3)-H bond of arylacetones via radical-initiated hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5845-5848. [PMID: 35466975 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic synthesis has emerged as an efficient route to transform CO2 into functionalized organic carbamates by photocatalysis. Herein, a catalyst-free carbamoyloxylation of arylacetones with CO2 and amines under visible light was developed for the synthesis of O-β-oxoalkyl carbamates in yields up to 93%. This protocol proceeded smoothly with the assistance of inexpensive carbon tetrabromide at room temperature under atmospheric CO2 pressure, leading to simultaneous construction of C-O and C-N bonds. Mechanism studies suggested the photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway followed by radical addition or single electron transfer (SET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China. .,Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai-Fang Cai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China; College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
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39
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Jeong DY, Lee DS, Lee HL, Nah S, Lee JY, Cho EJ, You Y. Evidence and Governing Factors of the Radical-Ion Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeun Jeong
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Seul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Lim Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Radjagobalou R, Imbratta M, Bergraser J, Gaudeau M, Lyvinec G, Delbrayelle D, Jentzer O, Roudin J, Laroche B, Ognier S, Tatoulian M, Cossy J, Echeverria PG. Selective Photochemical Continuous Flow Benzylic Monochlorination. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Radjagobalou
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Miguel Imbratta
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Julie Bergraser
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Marion Gaudeau
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Gildas Lyvinec
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | | | - Olivier Jentzer
- Minakem Recherche, 145 Chemin des Lilas, Beuvry-La-Forêt 59310, France
| | - Jérémy Roudin
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Ognier
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Michael Tatoulian
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Paris FLOW Tech − PSL, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
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41
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenpera A, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avene C. Colgan
- University of Cambridge Central Science Library: University of Cambridge Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Antti Lahdenpera
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Robert J Phipps
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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42
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Sierra S, Gomez MV, Jiménez AI, Pop A, Silvestru C, Marín ML, Boscá F, Sastre G, Gómez-Bengoa E, Urriolabeitia EP. Stereoselective, Ruthenium-Photocatalyzed Synthesis of 1,2-Diaminotruxinic Bis-amino Acids from 4-Arylidene-5(4 H)-oxazolones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3529-3545. [PMID: 35143202 PMCID: PMC8902759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
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The irradiation of
(Z)-2-phenyl-4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 in deoxygenated CH2Cl2 at 25 °C
with blue light (465 nm) in
the presence of [Ru(bpy)3](BF4)2 (5%
mole ratio) as a triplet photocatalyst promotes
the [2+2] photocycloaddition of the C=C bonds of the 4-arylidene
moiety, thus allowing the completely regio- and stereoselective formation
of cyclobutane-bis(oxazolone)s 2 as single stereoisomers.
Cyclobutanes 2 have been unambiguously characterized
as the μ-isomers and contain two E-oxazolones
coupled in an anti-head-to-head form. The use of
continuous-flow techniques in microreactors allows the synthesis of
cyclobutanes 2 in only 60 min, compared with the 24–48
h required in batch mode. Ring opening of the oxazolone heterocycle
in 2 with a base affords the corresponding 1,2-diaminotruxinic
bis-amino esters 3, which are also obtained selectively
as μ-isomers. The ruthenium complex behaves as a triplet photocatalyst,
generating the reactive excited state of the oxazolone via an energy-transfer
process. This reactive excited state has been characterized as a triplet
diradical 3(E/Z)-1* by laser flash photolysis (transient absorption spectroscopy).
This technique also shows that this excited state is the same when
starting from either (Z)- or (E)-oxazolones.
Density functional theory calculations show that the first step of
the [2+2] cycloaddition between 3(E/Z)-1* and (Z)-1 is formation of
the C(H)–C(H) bond and that (Z) to (E) isomerization takes place at the 1,4-diradical thus formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sierra
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana I Jiménez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Silvestru
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Luisa Marín
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Boscá
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Sastre
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (ITQ-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV-EHU, Apdo. 1072, CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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44
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Zhang Z, Jia J, Zhi Y, Ma S, Liu X. Porous organic polymers for light-driven organic transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2444-2490. [PMID: 35133352 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a new generation of porous materials, porous organic polymers (POPs), have recently emerged as a powerful platform of heterogeneous photocatalysis. POPs are constructed using extensive organic synthesis methodologies, with various functional organic units being connected via high-energy covalent bonds. This review systematically presents the recent advances in POPs for visible-light driven organic transformations. Herein, we firstly summarize the common construction strategies for POP-based photocatalysts based on two major approaches: pre-design and post-modification; secondly, we categorize and summarize the synthesis methods and organic reaction types for constructing various types of POPs. We then classify and introduce the specific reactions of current light-driven POP-mediated organic transformations. Finally, we outline the current state of development and the problems faced in light-driven organic transformations by POPs, and we present some perspectives to motivate the reader to explore solutions to these problems and confront the present challenges in the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Jia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China. .,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Si Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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45
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Sakakibara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)−PRESTO, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)−PRESTO, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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47
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Dickerson SD, Ayare PJ, Vannucci AK, Wiskur SL. Exploration of silicon phthalocyanines as viable photocatalysts for organic transformations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Mora-Rodríguez SE, Camacho-Ramírez A, Cervantes-González J, Vázquez MA, Cervantes-Jauregui JA, Feliciano A, Guerra-Contreras A, Lagunas-Rivera S. Organic dyes supported on silicon-based materials: synthesis and applications as photocatalysts. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most important advance in photocatalysis in the last decade has been the synthesis and application of organic compounds to promote this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma E. Mora-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Abygail Camacho-Ramírez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Javier Cervantes-González
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Cervantes-Jauregui
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Alberto Feliciano
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Antonio Guerra-Contreras
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato Institution, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Selene Lagunas-Rivera
- Cátedra-CONACyT, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, DCNyE, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, Gto., 36050, Mexico
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49
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Singh HK, Kamal A, Kumari S, Maury SK, Kushwaha AK, Srivastava V, Singh S. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Synthesis of Fusesd Imidazoheterocycle by Eosin Y under Metal‐Free and Solvent‐Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arsala Kamal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Savita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Suresh Kumar Maury
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ambuj Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
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50
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Lefebvre C, Van Gysel T, Michelin C, Rousset E, Djiré D, Allais F, Hoffmann N. Photocatalytic Radical Addition to Levoglucosenone. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Terence Van Gysel
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Clément Michelin
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
- Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Elodie Rousset
- ICMR, Groupe chimie de coordination CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
| | - Djibril Djiré
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI) CEBB AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI) CEBB AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne UFR Sciences B.P. 1039 51687 Reims France
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