1
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Khilari N, Pooventhiran T, Koley D. Computational Assessment of the Mechanistic Journey in Chan-Lam-Based Arylation of Imidazoles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11531-11541. [PMID: 38865259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cu(II)-catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions remain one of most widely practiced and powerful protocols for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, bioactive molecules, and materials. Despite numerous experimental contributions, the overall mechanistic understanding of the C-N coupling reaction based on the Chan-Lam (CL) reaction methodology is still limited and underdeveloped, particularly with respect to the use of different substrates and catalytic species. Herein, we report an in-depth DFT-based study on the mechanism of N-arylation of imidazoles following Collman's experimental setup. Our findings unfold for the first time the ligand-based CL coupling catalyzed by the [Cu(II)(OH)TMEDA]2Cl2 complex. The transmetalation step with an energy span of 26.2 kcal mol-1 is rate-determining, while the subsequent disproportionation and reductive elimination are relatively facile (δE = 16.4 kcal mol-1) in comparison to the CL amination of secondary amines. The final oxidative catalyst regeneration results in the presence of O2, accompanying an energy span of 12.8 kcal mol-1, where hydrogen transfer from the coordinated water allows the reduction of superoxo linkage. Couplings performed in the presence of a combination of bidentate sp3-N ligands with single and double -(CH2)- spacer units afford a kinetically facile transformation (24.5 kcal mol-1). Furthermore, our results agree with the experimental outcomes of regioselective couplings of substituted imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Khilari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Thangaiyan Pooventhiran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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2
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Joven-Sancho D, Echeverri A, Saffon-Merceron N, Contreras-García J, Nebra N. An Organocopper(III) Fluoride Triggering C-CF 3 Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319412. [PMID: 38147576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross-coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII -F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII (CF3 )3 (py)] (1) yielding [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 Cl(py)] (1⋅Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1⋅Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (Sc-XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C-CF3 bonds from silyl-capped alkynes. In-depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 (C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e- reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3 ), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Echeverri
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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3
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Pooventhiran T, Khilari N, Koley D. Mechanistic Avenues in the Chan-Lam-Based Etherification Reaction: A Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302983. [PMID: 37794822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing advances in CuII -catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reactions between arylboronic esters and diverse heteroatom nucleophiles have strengthened the development of the general Chan-Lam (CL)-based reaction protocol, including C-O bond formation methodologies. In-depth mechanistic understanding of CL etherification with specific emphasis on different reaction routes and their energetics are still lacking, even though the reaction has been experimentally explored. Here, we present a DFT-guided computational study to unravel the mechanistic pathways of CL-based etherification. The computational findings provide some interesting insights into the fundamental steps of the catalytic cycle, particularly the rate-determining transmetalation event. An aryl boronic ester-coordinated, methoxide-bridged CuII intermediate that acts as resting state undergoes transmetalation with an activation barrier of 20.4 kcal mol-1 . The energy spans of the remaining fundamental steps leading to the methoxylated product are relatively low. The minor p-cresol product requires an additional 14.2 kcal mol-1 energy span to surmount in comparison to the favored route. Hammett studies for the substituted aryl boronic esters reveal higher reaction turnovers for electron-rich aryl systems. The results agree with previously reported spectroscopic and kinetic observations. For a series of alcohol substrates, it was observed that, except for cyclohexanol, moderate to high etherification turnovers are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Pooventhiran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Nripen Khilari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
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4
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Li J, Liu T, Singh N, Huang Z, Ding Y, Huang J, Sudarsanam P, Li H. Photocatalytic C-N bond construction toward high-value nitrogenous chemicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14341-14352. [PMID: 37987689 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04771g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The construction of carbon-nitrogen bonds is vital for producing versatile nitrogenous compounds for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Among developed synthetic approaches to nitrogenous chemicals, photocatalysis is particularly prominent and has become one of the emerging fields due to its unique advantages of eco-sustainable characteristics, efficient process integration, no need for high-pressure H2, and tunable synthesis methods for developing advanced photocatalytic materials. Here, the review focuses on potential photocatalytic protocols developed for the construction of robust carbon-nitrogen bonds in discrepant activation environments to produce high-value nitrogenous chemicals. The photocatalytic C-N bond construction strategies and involved reaction mechanisms are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tengyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Nittan Singh
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jinshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Putla Sudarsanam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India.
| | - Hu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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5
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Zhou X, Yang J, Hao Z, Han Z, Lin J, Lu GL. Copper Complexes with N,N,N-Tridentate Quinolinyl Anilido-Imine Ligands: Synthesis and Their Catalytic Application in Chan-Lam Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:7406. [PMID: 37959825 PMCID: PMC10647278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of 2-(ArNC(H))C6H4-HNC9H6N with n-BuLi and the subsequent addition of CuCl2 afforded the anilido-aldimine Cu(II) complexes 1-5 Cu[{2-[ArN=C(H)]C6H4}N(8-C9H6N)]Cl (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (1), 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2 (2), 4-OCH3C6H4 (3), 4-BrC6H4 (4), 4-ClC6H4 (5)), respectively. All the copper complexes were fully characterized by IR, EPR and HR-MS spectra. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 2 and 4 are mononuclear complexes, and the Cu atom is sitting in a slightly square-planar geometry. These Cu(II) complexes have exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the Chan-Lam coupling reactions of benzimidazole derivatives with arylboronic acids, achieving the highest yields of up to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhangang Han
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jin Lin
- National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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6
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Brals J, McGuire TM, Watson AJB. A Chemoselective Polarity-Mismatched Photocatalytic C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) Cross-Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Boron Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310462. [PMID: 37622419 PMCID: PMC10952440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) coupling reaction using styrene boronic acids and redox-active esters under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through an unusual polarity-mismatched radical addition mechanism that is orthogonal to established processes. Synergistic activation of the radical precursor and organoboron are critical mechanistic events. Activation of an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester by coordination to boron enables electron transfer, with decomposition leading to a nucleofuge rebound, activating the organoboron to radical addition. The unique mechanism enables chemoselective coupling of styrene boronic acids in the presence of other alkene radical acceptors. The scope and limitations of the reaction, and a detailed mechanistic investigation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brals
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- AstraZenecaDarwin Building, Unit 310Cambridge Science Park, Milton RoadCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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7
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Mondal K, Mukhopadhyay N, Sengupta A, Roy T, Das P. Exploiting Coordination Behavior of 7-Azaindole for Mechanistic Investigation of Chan-Lam Coupling and Application to 7-Azaindole Based Pharmacophores. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203718. [PMID: 36511941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple spectroscopic techniques, along with single-crystal X-ray analysis, have been used to reveal the detailed structural and electronic information on reaction intermediates of a new copper(II)-DBU catalytic system for the N-arylation of 7-Azaindole. The reaction mixture of Chan-Lam cross-coupling yields two dimeric copper(II)-7-azaindole complexes, including one attached with DBU, prior to adding arylboronic acid and are confirmed structurally and spectroscopically. A suitable mechanism has been proposed using the dimeric copper(II) complex as a catalyst for the coupling reactions. The role of DBU as a base and also as an auxiliary ligand in the course of the reaction has been established. The transmetalated monomeric aryl-copper(II) species generated from the dimeric unit is oxidized by another equivalent of copper(II) to yield an aryl-copper(III) intermediate for facile N-arylation, which has been authenticated with UV-vis spectroscopy. The regeneration of the copper(II)-catalyst by aerial oxidation of colorless copper(I) species (generated via reductive elimination and disproportionation step) is confirmed by mass and absorption spectroscopy. Detailed DFT and TD-DFT calculations help to rationalize the proposed reaction intermediates and their corresponding electronic transitions. Moreover, the confirmation of copper(I)-7-azaindole intermediate via HRMS reaffirmed the involvement of Cu(II)/Cu(III)/Cu(I) species in the Chan-Lam type of coupling. A medicinally-important 7-azaindole-based SHP2 inhibitor has been synthesized via sequential arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Narottam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences I, ndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741 246, India
| | - Arunava Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Tanumay Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
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8
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Mondal K, Patra S, Halder P, Mukhopadhyay N, Das P. CuF 2/DMAP-Catalyzed N-Vinylation: Scope and Mechanistic Study. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36546851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CuF2/DMAP has been established as an excellent catalytic system for vinylsilane-promoted N-vinylation of amides and azoles at room temperature without an external fluoride source. A mechanism has been proposed on the basis of the isolation of reactive intermediate [Cu(DMAP)4Cl2], fluoride ion-assisted transmetalation, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic studies. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesized and structurally characterized [Cu(DMAP)4Cl2] complex has been demonstrated. The valuable monomers for water-soluble polymers, viz., NVP, NVC, and NVIBA, were synthesized on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Susanta Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Pallabi Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Narottam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
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9
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Halford‐McGuff JM, Israel EM, West MJ, Vantourout JC, Watson AJB. Direct Chan–Lam Amination and Etherification of Aryl BMIDA Reagents. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Halford‐McGuff
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Eva M. Israel
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon ICBMS UMR 5246 Université Lyon 1 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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10
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Kuliukhina DS, Yakushev AA, Malysheva AS, Averin AD, Beletskaya IP. Synthesis of N,N′-Diaryl Diamines and Oxadiamines via Chan–Lam Amination. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802212003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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11
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Copper-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Boronic Acids: A Focus on B-to-Cu and Cu-to-Cu Transmetalations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217517. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the Cu-catalyzed homocoupling reaction is crucial to prompt the development of efficient Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The presence of a coordinating base (hydroxide and methoxide) enables the B-to-Cu(II) transmetalation from aryl boronic acid to CuIICl2 in methanol, through the formation of mixed Cu-(μ-OH)-B intermediates. A second B-to-Cu transmetalation to form bis-aryl Cu(II) complexes is disfavored. Instead, organocopper(II) dimers undergo a coupled transmetalation-electron transfer (TET) allowing the formation of bis-organocopper(III) complexes readily promoting reductive elimination. Based on this mechanism some guidelines are suggested to control the undesired formation of homocoupling product in Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
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12
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Li Q, Xu L, Ma D. Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Sulfonamides with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides/Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210483. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Lu Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lanting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Koziel AC, Goldfarb RB, Endres EJ, Macdonald JE. Molecular Decomposition Routes of Diaryl Diselenide Precursors in Relation to the Phase Determination of Copper Selenides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14673-14683. [PMID: 36069603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 77Se NMR, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to monitor the thermal decomposition of diphenyl and dibenzyl diselenide precursors toward the synthesis of copper selenides. Copper was found to promote the decomposition of both precursors. The inorganic nanocrystals and organic byproducts were sensitive to the specific diaryl diselenides and the presence of oleylamine and copper. Molecular mechanistic routes are proposed. Berzelianite (Cu1.8Se), klockmannite (CuSe), umangite (Cu3Se2), and both petřı́čekite (m-CuSe2) and krutaite (p-CuSe2) were identified as products. Multistep transformations between phases were discovered through reactions with the organoselenium precursors, and organic decomposition products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Koziel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ralston B Goldfarb
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Emma J Endres
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Janet E Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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14
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You T, Li J. Ni(cod)(duroquinone)-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling for the Synthesis of N, N-Diarylsulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6642-6646. [PMID: 36067509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a C-N cross-coupling reaction of weakly nucleophilic N-arylsulfonamides and aryl bromides to access N,N-diarylsulfonamides using Ni(cod)(DQ) as a catalyst without additional ligands. The process is compatible with electron-deficient and electron-rich aryl and heteroaryl bromides (34 examples, 21-98%) and can be applied to the derivatization of an N-arylsulfonamide pharmaceutical compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian You
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Junqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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15
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Li Q, Xu L, Ma D. Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Sulfonamides with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides/Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lanting Xu
- Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Lab. of Bio. Nat. Prod. Chem. 345 Lingling LuShanghai 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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16
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Wu YX, Wang X, Li JH, Xiao HQ, Dong ZB. Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of O/N‐alkyl S‐phenyl Phenylcarbamothioates: An Odorless and Chemo‐selective Chan‐Lam Reaction to Construct C‐S Bond. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering CHINA
| | - Xi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering CHINA
| | - Jing-Hang Li
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering CHINA
| | - Hua-Qing Xiao
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering 430205 Wuhan CHINA
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- Wuhan Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental Engeering Liufang Campus, No. 206, Guanggu 1st Road 430205 Wuhan CHINA
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17
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18
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Jia X, Tong X. Recent Progress on Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Copper(II) Complexes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Beletskaya IP, Averin AD. Metal-catalyzed reactions for the C(sp2)–N bond formation: achievements of recent years. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review deals with the main catalytic methods for the C(sp2)–N bond formation, including Buchwald–Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides, renaissance of the Ullmann chemistry, i.e., the application of catalysis by copper complexes to form the carbon–nitrogen bond, and Chan–Lam reactions of (hetero)arylboronic acids with amines. Also, oxidative amination with C–H activation, which has been booming during the last decade, is addressed. Particular attention is paid to achievements in the application of heterogenized catalysts.
The bibliography includes 350 references.
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20
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Zálešák F, Kováč O, Lachetová E, Št'astná N, Pospíšil J. Unified Approach to Benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl-Sulfonamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11291-11309. [PMID: 34479409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a unified approach to N-substituted and N,N-disubstituted benzothiazole (BT) sulfonamides. Our approach to BT-sulfonamides starts from simple commercially available building blocks (benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol and primary and secondary amines) that are connected via (a) a S oxidation/S-N coupling approach, (b) a S-N coupling/S-oxidation sequence, or via (c) a S-oxidation/S-F bond formation/SuFEx approach. The labile N-H bond in N-monoalkylated BT-sulfonamides (pKa (BTSO2N(H)Bn) = 3.34 ± 0.05) further allowed us to develop a simple weak base-promoted N-alkylation method and a stereoselective microwave-promoted Fukuyama-Mitsunobu reaction. N-Alkyl-N-aryl BT-sulfonamides were accessed with the help of the Chan-Lam coupling reaction. Developed methods were further used in stereo and chemoselective transformations of podophyllotoxin and several amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zálešák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kováč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Lachetová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Št'astná
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Robertson J, Ungogo MA, Aldfer MM, Lemgruber L, McWhinnie FS, Bode BE, Jones KL, Watson AJB, de Koning HP, Burley GA. Direct, Late-Stage Mono-N-arylation of Pentamidine: Method Development, Mechanistic Insight, and Expedient Access to Novel Antiparastitics against Diamidine-Resistant Parasites. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3396-3401. [PMID: 34357687 PMCID: PMC9291547 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A selective mono‐N‐arylation strategy of amidines under Chan‐Lam conditions is described. During the reaction optimization phase, the isolation of a mononuclear Cu(II) complex provided unique mechanistic insight into the operation of Chan‐Lam mono‐N‐arylation. The scope of the process is demonstrated, and then applied to access the first mono‐N‐arylated analogues of pentamidine. Sub‐micromolar activity against kinetoplastid parasites was observed for several analogues with no cross‐resistance in pentamidine and diminazene‐resistant trypanosome strains and against Leishmania mexicana. A fluorescent mono‐N‐arylated pentamidine analogue revealed rapid cellular uptake, accumulating in parasite nuclei and the kinetoplasts. The DNA binding capability of the mono‐N‐arylated pentamidine series was confirmed by UV‐melt measurements using AT‐rich DNA. This work highlights the potential to use Chan‐Lam mono‐N‐arylation to develop therapeutic leads against diamidine‐resistant trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Robertson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marzuq A Ungogo
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mustafa M Aldfer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Glasgow Imaging Facility, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Fergus S McWhinnie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Bela E Bode
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Katherine L Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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22
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Desnoyer AN, Nicolay A, Ziegler MS, Lakshmi KV, Cundari TR, Tilley TD. A Dicopper Nitrenoid by Oxidation of a Cu ICu I Core: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7135-7143. [PMID: 33877827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A dicopper nitrenoid complex was prepared by formal oxidative addition of the nitrenoid fragment to a dicopper(I) center by reaction with the iminoiodinane PhINTs (Ts = tosylate). This nitrenoid complex, (DPFN)Cu2(μ-NTs)[NTf2]2 (DPFN = 2,7-bis(fluorodi(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine), is a powerful H atom abstractor that reacts with a range of strong C-H bonds to form a mixed-valence Cu(I)/Cu(II) μ-NHTs amido complex in the first example of a clean H atom transfer to a dicopper nitrenoid core. In line with this reactivity, DFT calculations reveal that the nitrenoid is best described as an iminyl (NR radical anion) complex. The nitrenoid was trapped by the addition of water to form a mixed-donor hydroxo/amido dicopper(II) complex, which was independently obtained by reaction of a Cu2(μ-OH)2 complex with an amine through a protonolysis pathway. This mixed-donor complex is an analogue for the proposed intermediate in copper-catalyzed Chan-Evans-Lam coupling, which proceeds via C-X (X = N or O) bond formation. Treatment of the dicopper(II) mixed donor complex with MgPh2(THF)2 resulted in generation of a mixture that includes both phenol and a previously reported dicopper(I) bridging phenyl complex, illustrating that both reduction of dicopper(II) to dicopper(I) and concomitant C-X bond formation are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison N Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amélie Nicolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy, Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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23
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Walker BR, Manabe S, Brusoe AT, Sevov CS. Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6257-6265. [PMID: 33861580 PMCID: PMC8143265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. However, these Chan-Lam coupling reactions have historically relied on chemical oxidants that limit their applicability beyond small-scale synthesis. Despite the success of replacing strong chemical oxidants with electrochemistry for a variety of metal-catalyzed processes, electrooxidative reactions with ligandless copper catalysts are plagued by slow electron-transfer kinetics, irreversible copper plating, and competitive substrate oxidation. Herein, we report the implementation of substoichiometric quantities of redox mediators to address limitations to Cu-catalyzed electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that mediators serve multiple roles by (i) rapidly oxidizing low-valent Cu intermediates, (ii) stripping Cu metal from the cathode to regenerate the catalyst and reveal the active Pt surface for proton reduction, and (iii) providing anodic overcharge protection to prevent substrate oxidation. This strategy is applied to Chan-Lam coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylamines with arylboronic acids in the absence of chemical oxidants. Couplings under these electrochemical conditions occur with higher yields and shorter reaction times than conventional reactions in air and provide complementary substrate reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shuhei Manabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew T Brusoe
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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24
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Doyle MGJ, Lundgren RJ. Oxidative cross-coupling processes inspired by the Chan-Lam reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2724-2731. [PMID: 33623942 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of N- and O-nucleophiles with aryl boronic acids (the Chan-Lam reaction) remains among the most useful approaches to prepare aniline and phenol derivatives. The combination of high chemoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and the ability to use simple Cu-salts as catalysts makes this process a valuable alternative to aromatic substitutions and Pd-catalyzed reactions of aryl electrophiles (Buchwald-Hartwig coupling). Despite the widespread use of Chan-Lam reactions in synthesis, the analogous carbon-carbon bond forming variant of this process had not been developed prior to our work. This feature article describes our discovery and application of Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions of activated methylene derivatives or carboxylic acids with nucleophiles including aryl boronic esters and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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25
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Xiao L, Lang TT, Jiang Y, Zang ZL, Zhou CH, Cai GX. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Salicylaldehydic C formyl -H Arylations with Arylboronic Acids. Chemistry 2021; 27:3278-3283. [PMID: 33289166 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a challenging copper-catalyzed Cformyl -H arylation of salicylaldehydes with arylboronic acids that involves unique salicylaldehydic copper species that differ from reported salicylaldehydic rhodacycles and palladacycles. This protocol has high chemoselectivity for the Cformyl -H bond compared to the phenolic O-H bond involving copper catalysis under high reaction temperatures. This approach is compatible with a wide range of salicylaldehyde and arylboronic acid substrates, including estrone and carbazole derivatives, which leads to the corresponding arylation products. Mechanistic studies show that the 2-hydroxy group of the salicylaldehyde substrate triggers the formation of salicylaldehydic copper complexes through a CuI /CuII /CuIII catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tao-Tao Lang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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26
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Autocatalytic photoredox Chan-Lam coupling of free diaryl sulfoximines with arylboronic acids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:932. [PMID: 33568641 PMCID: PMC7876119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Arylation of NH-sulfoximines represents an appealing approach to access N-aryl sulfoximines, but has not been successfully applied to NH-diaryl sulfoximines. Herein, a copper-catalyzed photoredox dehydrogenative Chan-Lam coupling of free diaryl sulfoximines and arylboronic acids is described. This neutral and ligand-free coupling is initiated by ambient light-induced copper-catalyzed single-electron reduction of NH-sulfoximines. This electron transfer route circumvents the sacrificial oxidant employed in traditional Chan-Lam coupling reactions, increasing the environmental friendliness of this process. Instead, dihydrogen gas forms as a byproduct of this reaction. Mechanistic investigations also reveal a unique autocatalysis process. The C–N coupling products, N-arylated sulfoximines, serve as ligands along with NH-sulfoximine to bind to the copper species, generating the photocatalyst. DFT calculations reveal that both the NH-sulfoximine substrate and the N-aryl product can ligate the copper accounting for the observed autocatalysis. Two energetically viable stepwise pathways were located wherein the copper facilitates hydrogen atom abstraction from the NH-sulfoximine and the ethanol solvent to produce dihydrogen. The protocol described herein represents an appealing alternative strategy to the classic oxidative Chan-Lam reaction, allowing greater substrate generality as well as the elimination of byproduct formation from oxidants. N-Arylation of NH-diaryl sulfoximines faces synthetic challenges among reported methods. Here, the authors present a mild copper-catalyzed photoredox dehydrogenative Chan-Lam coupling of free diaryl sulfoximines and arylboronic acids via an auto-catalytic process.
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27
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Vijayan A, Rao DN, Radhakrishnan KV, Lam PYS, Das P. Advances in Carbon–Element Bond Construction under Chan–Lam Cross-Coupling Conditions: A Second Decade. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCopper-mediated carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions involving a wide range of substrates have been in the spotlight for many organic chemists. This review highlights developments between 2010 and 2019 in both stoichiometric and catalytic copper-mediated reactions, and also examples of nickel-mediated reactions, under modified Chan–Lam cross-coupling conditions using various nucleophiles; examples include chemo- and regioselective N-arylations or O-arylations. The utilization of various nucleophiles as coupling partners together with reaction optimization (including the choice of copper source, ligands, base, and other additives), limitations, scope, and mechanisms are examined; these have benefitted the development of efficient and milder methods. The synthesis of medicinally valuable or pharmaceutically important nitrogen heterocycles, including isotope-labeled compounds, is also included. Chan–Lam coupling reaction can now form twelve different C–element bonds, making it one of the most diverse and mild reactions known in organic chemistry.1 Introduction2 Construction of C–N and C–O Bonds2.1 C–N Bond Formation2.1.1 Original Discovery via Stoichiometric Copper-Mediated C–N Bond Formation2.1.2 Copper-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation2.1.3 Coupling with Azides, Sulfoximines, and Sulfonediimines as Nitrogen Nucleophiles2.1.4 Coupling with N,N-Dialkylhydroxylamines2.1.5 Enolate Coupling with sp3-Carbon Nucleophiles2.1.6 Nickel-Catalyzed Chan–Lam Coupling2.1.7 Coupling with Amino Acids2.1.8 Coupling with Alkylboron Reagents2.1.9 Coupling with Electron-Deficient Heteroarylamines2.1.10 Selective C–N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing Compounds2.1.11 Using Sulfonato-imino Copper(II) Complexes2.2 C–O Bond Formation2.2.1 Coupling with (Hetero)arylboron Reagents2.2.2 Coupling with Alkyl- and Alkenylboron Reagents3 C–Element (Element = S, P, C, F, Cl, Br, I, Se, Te, At) Bond Forma tion under Modified Chan–Lam Conditions4 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
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28
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Cope JD, Sheridan PE, Galloway CJ, Awoyemi RF, Stokes SL, Emerson JP. Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetradentate, N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(II) Complex and Its Use as a Chan–Evans–Lam Coupling Catalyst. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Cope
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Patrick E. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Christopher J. Galloway
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Raymond Femi Awoyemi
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Sean L. Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Joseph P. Emerson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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29
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Direct Introduction of Sulfonamide Groups into Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones by Cu‐Catalyzed C3‐H Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3365-3369. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Miller EM, Walczak MA. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Acetalization of Boronic Esters: An Umpolung Strategy for Cyclic Acetal Synthesis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8230-8239. [PMID: 32370495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the acetalization of boronic esters is described. The reaction is catalyzed by copper, and the conditions proved to be mild and were amenable to a variety of functional groups. We expanded the Chan-Lam coupling to include C(sp3) nucleophiles and converted them into corresponding acetals. This method allows for the orthogonal acetalization of substrates with reactive, acid-sensitive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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31
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West MJ, Fyfe JWB, Vantourout JC, Watson AJB. Mechanistic Development and Recent Applications of the Chan–Lam Amination. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12491-12523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James W. B. Fyfe
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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32
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West MJ, Thomson B, Vantourout JC, Watson AJB. Discovery, Scope, and Limitations of an
N
‐Dealkylation/
N
‐Arylation of Secondary Sulfonamides under Chan−Lam Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Brodie Thomson
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Department of ChemistryThe Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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33
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Becica J, Hruszkewycz DP, Steves JE, Elward JM, Leitch DC, Dobereiner GE. High-Throughput Discovery and Evaluation of a General Catalytic Method for N-Arylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:8981-8986. [PMID: 31651171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through targeted high-throughput experimentation (HTE), we have identified the Pd/AdBippyPhos catalyst system as an effective and general method to construct densely functionalized N,N-diaryl sulfonamide motifs relevant to medicinal chemistry. AdBippyPhos is particularly effective for the installation of heteroaromatic groups. Computational steric parametrization of the investigated ligands reveals the potential importance of remote steric demand, where a large cone angle combined with an accessible Pd center is correlated to successful catalysts for C-N coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.,Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Janelle E Steves
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Elward
- Molecular Design, Data & Computational Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2 , Canada
| | - Graham E Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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34
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Xin J, Leng F. N‐Arylation of Fluoroalkylamine and Trifluoroacetamide through Cu–Catalysis. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xin
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University No.11 Xitoutiao outside You'anmen Beijing 100069 P. R. China
| | - Faqiang Leng
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University No.11 Xitoutiao outside You'anmen Beijing 100069 P. R. China
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35
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Rodrigues R, Tran LQ, Darses B, Dauban P, Neuville L. Copper‐Promoted Tandem Three‐Component Access to Quinazolin‐4(H)‐imines and Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rodrigues
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Lam Quang Tran
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Benjamin Darses
- Université Grenoble AlpesDépartement de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR-5250 38058 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay 1, av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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36
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Zhang ZX, Davies TQ, Willis MC. Modular Sulfondiimine Synthesis Using a Stable Sulfinylamine Reagent. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13022-13027. [PMID: 31398023 PMCID: PMC7007239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
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Sulfondiimines—the double
aza-analogues of sulfones—hold
significant potential as leads in discovery chemistry, yet their application
in this arena has been held back by the scarcity of appropriate synthetic
routes. Existing methods employ sulfides as substrates, and rely on
consecutive imination reactions using the hazardous reagent O-mesitylenesulfonyl hydroxylamine. Here we report a method
for sulfondiimine synthesis that does not begin with a sulfide or
a thiol, and instead employs two Grignard reagents and a bespoke sulfinylamine
(R—N=S=O) reagent as starting materials. Lewis
acid-mediated assembly of these three components provides efficient
access to a series of sulfilimine intermediates. A novel rhodium-catalyzed
imination of these electron-rich sulfilimines then delivers a varied
range of sulfondiimines featuring orthogonal N-functionalization.
Conditions for the selective manipulation of both N-atoms of the sulfondiimines are reported, allowing access to a broad
range of mono- and difunctionalized products. The oxidation of the
sulfilimine intermediates is also described, and provides a complementary
route to sulfoximines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Q Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , United Kingdom
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37
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Li L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Luo H, Ma YN. Facial Syntheses of Bromobenzothiazines via Catalyst-Free Tandem C–H Amination/Bromination in Water. Org Lett 2019; 21:5995-5999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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38
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Molloy JJ, O’Rourke KM, Frias CP, Sloan NL, West MJ, Pimlott SL, Sutherland A, Watson AJB. Mechanism of Cu-Catalyzed Aryl Boronic Acid Halodeboronation Using Electrophilic Halogen: Development of a Base-Catalyzed Iododeboronation for Radiolabeling Applications. Org Lett 2019; 21:2488-2492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Molloy
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Kerry M. O’Rourke
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Carolina P. Frias
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Nikki L. Sloan
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Matthew J. West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Sally L. Pimlott
- West of Scotland PET Centre, Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Trust, Glasgow, G12 OYN, U.K
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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39
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Chong PY, Shotwell JB, Miller J, Price DJ, Maynard A, Voitenleitner C, Mathis A, Williams S, Pouliot JJ, Creech K, Wang F, Fang J, Zhang H, Tai VWF, Turner E, Kahler KM, Crosby R, Peat AJ. Design of N-Benzoxaborole Benzofuran GSK8175-Optimization of Human Pharmacokinetics Inspired by Metabolites of a Failed Clinical HCV Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3254-3267. [PMID: 30763090 PMCID: PMC6466479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
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We previously described the discovery
of GSK5852 (1), a non-nucleoside polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor
of hepatitis C virus (HCV), in which an N-benzyl
boronic acid was essential for potent antiviral activity. Unfortunately,
facile benzylic oxidation resulted in a short plasma half-life (5
h) in human volunteers, and a backup program was initiated to remove
metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Herein, we describe
second-generation NS5B inhibitors including GSK8175 (49), a sulfonamide-N-benzoxaborole analog with low
in vivo clearance across preclinical species and broad-spectrum activity
against HCV replicons. An X-ray structure of NS5B protein cocrystallized
with 49 revealed unique protein-inhibitor interactions
mediated by an extensive network of ordered water molecules and the
first evidence of boronate complex formation within the binding pocket.
In clinical studies, 49 displayed a 60–63 h half-life
and a robust decrease in viral RNA levels in HCV-infected patients,
thereby validating our hypothesis that reducing benzylic oxidation
would improve human pharmacokinetics and lower efficacious doses relative
to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pek Y Chong
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - J Brad Shotwell
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - John Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Daniel J Price
- GlaxoSmithKline , 200 Cambridge Park Drive , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02140 , United States
| | - Andy Maynard
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Christian Voitenleitner
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Amanda Mathis
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Shawn Williams
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Pouliot
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Katrina Creech
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Feng Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jing Fang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Huichang Zhang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Vincent W-F Tai
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Turner
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Kirsten M Kahler
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Renae Crosby
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Andrew J Peat
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
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40
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Allen CL, Leitch DC, Anson MS, Zajac MA. The power and accessibility of high-throughput methods for catalysis research. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Zu W, Liu S, Jia X, Xu L. Chemoselective N-arylation of aminobenzene sulfonamides via copper catalysed Chan–Evans–Lam reactions. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective N-arylation of unprotected dinucleophilic aminobenzene sulfonamides was achieved via Cu-catalysed Chan–Evans–Lam cross-coupling with aryl boronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisai Zu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi
- China
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42
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Jia X, Peng P. N,O-Bidentate ligand-tunable copper(ii) complexes as a catalyst for Chan-Lam coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with 1H-imidazole derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8984-8988. [PMID: 30418460 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient procedure for Chan-Lam coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with 1H-imidazole derivatives using N,O-bidentate ligand-tunable copper(ii) complexes as a catalyst under base-free conditions has been developed. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, high yields and compatibility with different functional groups, providing a direct and facile strategy for the construction of C-N bonds and synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, China.
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43
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Arrington K, Barcan GA, Calandra NA, Erickson GA, Li L, Liu L, Nilson MG, Strambeanu II, VanGelder KF, Woodard JL, Xie S, Allen CL, Kowalski JA, Leitch DC. Convergent Synthesis of the NS5B Inhibitor GSK8175 Enabled by Transition Metal Catalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4680-4694. [PMID: 30339385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent eight-stage synthesis of the boron-containing NS5B inhibitor GSK8175 is described. The previous route involves 13 steps in a completely linear sequence, with an overall 10% yield. Key issues include a multiday SNAr arylation of a secondary sulfonamide using HMPA as solvent, multiple functional group interconversions after all of the carbon atoms are installed (including a Sandmeyer halogenation), use of carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether to install a protecting group late in the synthesis, and an unreliable Pd-catalyzed Miyaura borylation as the penultimate step. We have devised an orthogonal approach using a Chan-Lam coupling between a halogenated aryl pinacol boronate ester and an aryl methanesulfonamide. This reaction is performed using a cationic Cu(I) precatalyst, which can be easily generated in situ using KPF6 as a halide abstractor. High-throughput screening revealed a new Pd catalyst system to effect the penultimate borylation chemistry using simple monodentate phosphine ligands, with PCyPh2 identified as optimal. Reaction progress analysis of this borylation indicated likely mass-transfer rate limitations under standard conditions using KOAc as the base. We have devised a K2CO3/pivalic acid system as an alternative, which dramatically outperforms the standard conditions. This new synthesis proceeds in eight stages with a 20% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Arrington
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Gregg A Barcan
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Calandra
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Greg A Erickson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Ling Li
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Li Liu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Mark G Nilson
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Iulia I Strambeanu
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Kelsey F VanGelder
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John L Woodard
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - C Liana Allen
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - John A Kowalski
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- API Chemistry , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , Pennsylvania 19406 , United States
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44
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Wu H, Zhang Z, Ma N, Liu Q, Liu T, Zhang G. Synthesis of Acridines from o-Aminoaryl Ketones and Arylboronic Acids by Copper Trifluoroacetate-Mediated Relay Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12880-12886. [PMID: 30232875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of medicinally important acridines from readily available o-aminoaryl ketones and arylboronic acids was developed using copper(II)-mediated relay reactions that involve intermolecular Chan-Lam cross-coupling and subsequent intramolecular Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. A sole promoter, i.e., Cu(OTf)2, was used; therefore, strongly acidic and basic conditions, nonreadily available or expensive substrates, additives, and noble-metal catalysts were not needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Nana Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
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