1
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Malakhova EV, Kostromitin VS, Cheboksarov DY, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Sodium Hypophosphite as a Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) Agent under Photocatalytic Conditions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39120448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The ability of sodium hypophosphite to generate the phosphorus-centered radical, which can activate the carbon-halogen bond via the halogen atom transfer (XAT) is described. The hydroalkylation of nonactivated alkenes with methyl bromoacetate was performed using sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent under photocatalytic conditions. The key phosphorus centered radical is formed from the hypophosphite anion by hydrogen atom abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Malakhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Miusskaya sq. 9, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav S Kostromitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Demian Y Cheboksarov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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2
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Ling B, Yao S, Ouyang S, Bai H, Zhai X, Zhu C, Li W, Xie J. Nickel-Catalyzed Highly Selective Radical C-C Coupling from Carboxylic Acids with Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405866. [PMID: 38787803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the cross-coupling reaction between two different radicals is a long-standing challenge due to the process occurring statistically, which would lead to three products, including two homocoupling products and one cross-coupling product. Generally, the cross-coupling selectivity is achieved by the persistent radical effect (PRE) that requires the presence of a persistent radical and a transient radical, thus resulting in limited radical precursors. In this paper, a highly selective cross-coupling of alkyl radicals with acyl radicals to construct C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds, or with alkyl radicals to construct C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds have been achieved with the readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives (NHPI ester) as coupling partners. The success originates from the use of tridentate ligand (2,2' : 6',2''-terpyridine) to enable radical cross-coupling process to Ni-mediated organometallic mechanism. This protocol offers a facile and flexible access to structurally diverse ketones (up to 90 % yield), and also a new solution for the challenging double decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling. The broad utility and functional group tolerance are further illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of natural-occurring carboxylic acids and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shunruo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengmao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haonan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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3
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Feng LM, Liu S, Tu YH, Rui PX, Hu XG. Radical Deoxygenative Three-Component Reaction of Alcohols, Aryl Alkenes, and Cyanopyridines. Org Lett 2024; 26:6225-6229. [PMID: 39004828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
We report herein a deoxygenative radical multicomponent reaction involving alcohols, aryl alkenes, and cyanopyridine under photoredox conditions. This method is photoredox-neutral, suitable for late-stage modification, and compatible with a wide array of alcohols as alkyl radical sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. This reaction comprises a radical relay mechanism encompassing the Giese addition of aryl alkenes by alkyl radicals, followed by the decyanative pyridination of benzyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Pei-Xin Rui
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
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4
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Li SD, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Zhong LJ, Liu Y. Synthesis of Acylation Polycyclic Derivatives via Regioselective Acylation/Cyclization of 1,7-Dienes with Acyl Oxime Esters. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39052929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical cascade regioselective acylation/cyclization of 1,7-dienes with acyl oxime esters for the preparation of acylation polycyclic compounds via NCR-mediated C-C σ-bond cleavage is established. The transformation involves the cleavage of the C-C σ-bond in acyl oxime esters and selective addition of the electron neutral C═C bonds in 1,7-dienes for the synthesis of acyl polycyclic quinolinone derivatives, not the traditional seven-membered ring products. The strategy offers several advantages, including broad substrate tolerance, no need for bases, hyperstoichiometric radical initiators, and other auxiliaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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5
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Huang YL, Zhang QQ, Wang CY, Zhao Y, Wang XS. Development of SF 6 as a Formal Electrophilic Fluorinating Reagent for Photocatalyzed Oxidative Fluorination of Phosphine Oxides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5776-5781. [PMID: 38934518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus-fluorine compounds are of significant utility across biology, pharmacy, and chemical synthesis. Here, we introduce a photocatalyzed oxidative-fluorination approach employing SF6 as a formal electrophilic fluorinating reagent. It offers an innovative pathway to forge P(O)-F bonds. Notably, sulfur hexafluoride plays a dual role as both the oxidant and the fluorinating reagent under mild conditions in this transformation. Meanwhile, this method contributes to environmental sustainability by consuming a notorious greenhouse gas, underscoring the ecological benefits of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State grid Anhui electric power Research Institute, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institution of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 5089 Wangjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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6
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Jiao Z, Jaunich KT, Tao T, Gottschall O, Hughes MM, Turlik A, Schuppe AW. Unified Approach to Deamination and Deoxygenation Through Isonitrile Hydrodecyanation: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405779. [PMID: 38619535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a general hydrodefunctionalization protocol of alcohols and amines through a common isonitrile intermediate. To cleave the relatively inert C-NC bond, we leveraged dual hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and photoredox catalysis to generate a nucleophilic boryl radical, which readily forms an imidoyl radical intermediate from the isonitrile. Rapid β-scission then accomplishes defunctionalization. This method has been applied to the hydrodefunctionalization of both amine and alcohol-containing pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biomolecules. We extended this approach to the reduction of carbonyls and olefins to their saturated counterparts, as well as the hydrodecyanation of alkyl nitriles. Both experimental and computational studies demonstrate a facile β-scission of the imidoyl radical, and reconcile differences in reactivity between nitriles and isonitriles within our protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Kyle T Jaunich
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Thomas Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Olivia Gottschall
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Maxwell M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
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7
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Roy M, Sardar B, Mallick I, Srimani D. Generation of alkyl and acyl radicals by visible-light photoredox catalysis: direct activation of C-O bonds in organic transformations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1348-1375. [PMID: 38887583 PMCID: PMC11181251 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkyl and acyl radicals play a critical role in the advancement of chemical synthesis. The generation of acyl and alkyl radicals by activation of C-O bonds using visible-light photoredox catalysis offers a mild and environmentally benign approach to useful chemical transformations. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, xanthates, oxalates, N-phthalimides, and thiocarbonates are some examples of alkyl and acyl precursors that can produce reactive radicals by homolysis of the C-O bond. These radicals can then go through a variety of transformations that are beneficial for the construction of synthetic materials that are otherwise difficult to access. This study summarizes current developments in the use of organic photocatalysts, transition-metal photoredox catalysts, and metallaphotocatalysts to produce acyl and alkyl radicals driven by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bitan Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Itu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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8
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Carson WP, Tsymbal AV, Pipal RW, Edwards GA, Martinelli JR, Cabré A, MacMillan DWC. Free-Radical Deoxygenative Amination of Alcohols via Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15681-15687. [PMID: 38813987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are among the most abundant chemical feedstocks, yet they remain vastly underutilized as coupling partners in transition metal catalysis. Herein, we describe a copper metallaphotoredox manifold for the open shell deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with N-nucleophiles to forge C(sp3)-N bonds, a linkage of high value in pharmaceutical agents that is challenging to access via conventional cross-coupling techniques. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated conversion of alcohols into the corresponding alkyl radicals followed by copper-catalyzed C-N coupling renders this platform successful for a broad range of structurally unbiased alcohols and 18 classes of N-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Carson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Artem V Tsymbal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert W Pipal
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joseph R Martinelli
- Lilly Genetic Medicine, Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Madrid 28108, Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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9
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Shimazumi R, Tobisu M. Unimolecular Fragment Coupling: A New Bond-Forming Methodology via the Deletion of Atom(s). JACS AU 2024; 4:1676-1695. [PMID: 38818052 PMCID: PMC11134393 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as a reaction format, wherein atom(s) located in the middle of a molecule are extruded, and the remaining fragments are coupled. UFC is a potentially powerful strategy that is an alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling because the target chemical bond is formed in an intramolecular fashion, which is inherently beneficial for chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity issues. In this Perspective, we will present an overview of the recent advances in UFC reactions, which encompass those proceeding through the elimination of CO2, CO, SO2, isocyanates, N2, or single atoms primarily via transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Cai Q, McWhinnie IM, Dow NW, Chan AY, MacMillan DWC. Engaging Alkenes in Metallaphotoredox: A Triple Catalytic, Radical Sorting Approach to Olefin-Alcohol Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12300-12309. [PMID: 38657210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox cross-coupling is a well-established strategy for generating clinically privileged aliphatic scaffolds via single-electron reactivity. Correspondingly, expanding metallaphotoredox to encompass new C(sp3)-coupling partners could provide entry to a novel, medicinally relevant chemical space. In particular, alkenes are abundant, bench-stable, and capable of versatile C(sp3)-radical reactivity via metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT), although metallaphotoredox methodologies invoking this strategy remain underdeveloped. Importantly, merging MHAT activation with metallaphotoredox could enable the cross-coupling of olefins with feedstock partners such as alcohols, which undergo facile open-shell activation via photocatalysis. Herein, we report the first C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling of MHAT-activated alkenes with alcohols by performing deoxygenative hydroalkylation via triple cocatalysis. Through synergistic Ir photoredox, Mn MHAT, and Ni radical sorting pathways, this branch-selective protocol pairs diverse olefins and methanol or primary alcohols with remarkable functional group tolerance to enable the rapid construction of complex aliphatic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Cai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Iona M McWhinnie
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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Sui JL, Zhong LJ, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Liu Y. Regioselective synthesis of N-containing polycyclic compounds via radical annulation cyclization of 1,7-dienes with aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4834-4837. [PMID: 38619398 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A convenient method for oxidant-promoted radical cascade acylation or decarbonylative alkylation of 1,7-dienes with aldehydes has been established. This method allows for the rapid construction of N-containing polycyclic skeletons in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. This transformation provides a simple and efficient method for the preparation of a range of tetrahydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolinone derivatives by sequential formation of three new carbon-carbon bonds. Additionally, this radical cascade cyclization can selectively convert aldehydes into aroyl/primary aliphatic acyl radicals and secondary or tertiary alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Sui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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12
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Xu W, Fan C, Hu X, Xu T. Deoxygenative Transformation of Alcohols via Phosphoranyl Radical from Exogenous Radical Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401575. [PMID: 38357753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A general approach to the direct deoxygenative transformation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols has been developed. It undergoes through phosphoranyl radical intermediates generated by the addition of exogenous iodine radical to trivalent alkoxylphosphanes. Since these alkoxylphosphanes are readily in situ obtained from alcohols and commercially available, inexpensive chlorodiphenylphosphine, a diverse range of alcohols with various functional groups can be utilized to proceed deoxygenative cross-couplings with alkenes or aryl iodides. The selective transformation of polyhydroxy substrates and the rapid synthesis of complex organic molecules are also demonstrated with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustain-ability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustain-ability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. China
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13
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Bai T, Li H. Revealing the Mechanism of Alcohol Dehydroxylation and C-C Bond Formation through Concerted Catalysis by Ir/Cu Bimetallic Complexes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5363-5370. [PMID: 38593184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) was employed to theoretically investigate the reaction mechanism of alcohol deoxygenation/trifluoromethylation. The substrate alcohol (R1) forms a complex (INT3) by binding with benzoxazole salts (NHCs). Under the influence of the photocatalyst ([IrIII]*) and quinuclidine, the C-H bond in INT3 is activated through either electron transfer-proton transfer (ETPT) or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms, resulting in the cleavage of C-O bonds and generation of deoxyalkyl radicals. The distribution of high-valent and low-valent states in the catalytic cycle of [Ir]-complexes is governed by the redox potential mechanism. Investigation was conducted on the source of hydrogen atom transfer reagents in the HAT reaction process under both optimal and nonoptimal conditions. The results demonstrate distinct reactivity among various radicals involved in the Cu-mediated radical capture process. Further investigations into INT3 activation modes, cycling facilitated by [Ir]-complexes, and understanding the role played by [Cu]-complexes in this reaction system provide a valuable theoretical foundation for comprehending and enhancing Ir/Cu bimetallic cooperative catalysis in alcohol deoxygenation/trifluoromethylation reactions. This provides anticipated theoretical support for future designs of more efficient and rational alcohol deoxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University, 750021 Yinchuan, China
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14
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Li Q, Chen J, Luo Y, Xia Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Azobenzenes with Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:1517-1521. [PMID: 38346172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Acyl hydrazides are widely found in bioactive compounds and have important applications as versatile synthetic intermediates. In the current report, a photoredox-catalyzed hydroacylation of azobenzenes was disclosed with carboxylic acids as the acylation reagent, affording a variety of N,N'-disubstituted hydrazides. The process possesses the advantages of mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high efficiency. Preliminary mechanistic investigation indicated that the addition of an acyl radical to the azo compound should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanshu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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15
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Majhi J, Matsuo B, Oh H, Kim S, Sharique M, Molander GA. Photochemical Deoxygenative Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes Promoted by a Nucleophilic Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317190. [PMID: 38109703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The direct utilization of simple and abundant feedstocks in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to embellish sp3 -enriched chemical space is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel photochemical deoxygenative hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with readily available carboxylic acid derivatives. The reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, accommodating carboxylic acid-, alcohol-, ester-, ketone-, amide-, silane-, and boronic ester groups, as well as nitrile-containing substrates. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and water-tolerant, and can be carried out on multigram-scale, which highlights the utility of the method to prepare value-added compounds in a practical and scalable manner. The synthetic application of the developed method is further exemplified through the synthesis of suberanilic acid, a precursor of vorinostat, a drug used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A novel mechanistic approach was identified using thiol as a nucleophilic catalyst, which forms a key intermediate for this transformation. Furthermore, electrochemical studies, quantum yield, and mechanistic experiments were conducted to support a proposed catalytic cycle for the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saegun Kim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Yang J, Wang C, Huang B, Zhou H, Li J, Liu X. Photoredox Catalytic Phosphine-Mediated Deoxygenative Hydroacylation of Azobenzenes with Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38194307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The convenient and precise preparation of N,N'-diarylhydrazides, especially from readily available raw materials, remains highly challenging. Here, a photoredox catalytic phosphine-mediated deoxygenative hydroacylation of azobenzenes with abundant and readily available carboxylic acids has been developed. With Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 as the photocatalyst, the reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of PPh3 under visible light irradiation, delivering various N,N'-diarylhydrazides in up to 92% yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds via photoredox catalysis and phosphoranyl-radical-mediated C-O bond cleavage of carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cunhui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiangjiang Li
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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17
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Xie ZZ, Liao ZH, Zheng Y, Yuan CP, Guan JP, Li MZ, Deng KY, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photoredox-Catalyzed Selective α-Scission of PR 3-OH Radicals to Access Hydroalkylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9014-9019. [PMID: 38063439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced generation of phosphoranyl radicals offers a versatile strategy to access a variety of synthetically valuable radicals. A long-standing challenge remains in the regulation of phosphoranyl radical to undergo α-scission pathway, although the β-scission mode has been intensively studied. We herein developed an unprecedented protocol for selective α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radical intermediate under photocatalytic conditions. This efficient P-C bond cleavage via α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radicals has been successfully utilized in the alkylation/fluoroalkylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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18
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Bao G, Wang P, Guo X, Li Y, He Z, Song X, E R, Yu T, Xie J, Sun W. Visible-Light Mediated Deoxygenation of Carboxylic Acid for Late-Stage Peptide Modification Targeting Dehydroalanine. Org Lett 2023; 25:8338-8343. [PMID: 37966281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light mediated deoxygenative radical addition of carboxylic acids to dehydroalanines has been disclosed. The method can be used in β-acyl alanine derivative synthesis, including those chiral and deuterated variants, and late-stage peptide modification with various functional groups, both in the homogeneous phase and on the resin in SPPS. It provides a new tool kit for rapid construction of bioactive peptide analogues, which has been demonstrated by modification of the antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyao E
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tingli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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19
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Su J, Chen A, Zhang G, Jiang Z, Zhao J. Photocatalytic Phosphine-Mediated Thioesterification of Carboxylic Acids with Disulfides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8033-8037. [PMID: 37889086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a practical and effective synthesis of thioesters from readily available carboxylic acids and odorless disulfides was developed under photocatalytic conditions. This approach involves phosphoranyl radical-mediated fragmentation to generate acyl radicals and allows for incorporation of both S atoms of the disulfides into the desired products. In addition to batch reactions, a continuous-flow reactor was employed, enabling rapid thioester synthesis on a gram scale. Preliminary experimental mechanistic studies and the rapid synthesis of dalcetrapib are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Su
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Aobo Chen
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhao X, Li M, Sun K, Xu Z, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical deoxygenative homo-couplings of aromatic aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13062-13065. [PMID: 37849338 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical deoxygenative homo-coupling of aromatic aldehydes is achieved to selectively access bibenzyl and stilbene derivatives. The protocol allows the homo-coupling of aldehydes to occur after single-electron-reduction at the cathode. Taking advantage of the oxophilicity of triphenylphosphine, the electrochemical deoxygenation proceeds smoothly to give reductive homo-coupling products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Kunhui Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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21
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Yang H, Li Y, Zhang W, Song J, Hu J, Wang M, Yao H, Xu X, Li N, Yang Y, Yu R, Xie S, Ye C, Wei G. Regioselective Hydrodeoxygenation of α-Diketones with Phosphites under Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7422-7427. [PMID: 37781988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel regioselective hydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones with phosphites as the deoxygenation reagent was realized via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility were obtained. Unsymmetric α-diketones were selectively reduced at the carbonyls of higher electrophilicity. This unique regioselectivity compared with available methods makes it a practical complementary approach for the monohydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Song
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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22
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Clark K, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Nelson DJ, Kennedy AR, Murphy JA. A Hierarchy of Ligands Controls Formation and Reaction of Aryl Radicals in Pd-Catalyzed Ground-State Base-Promoted Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20849-20858. [PMID: 37713365 PMCID: PMC10540214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground-state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOtBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene 7, undergo base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8 and biphenyl 9 in an approximately 1:4 ratio as well as m-xylene 10. The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene. Using substrate 7 with a range of Pd sources as potential initiators led to formation of 8, 9, and 10 in varying amounts. However, when any one of a range of diphosphinoferrocenes (e.g., dppf or dippf) or BINAP or the monophosphine, diphenylphosphinoferrocene, was added as a ligand to Pd(OAc)2, the ratio of [2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8: biphenyl 9] moved decisively to that expected from the BHAS (radical) pathway. Further studies were conducted with dppf. When dppf was added to each of the other Pd sources, the ratio of coupled products was also diverted to that expected for radical BHAS chemistry. Deuterium isotope studies and radical trap experiments provide strong additional support for the involvement of aryl radicals. Accordingly, under these ground-state conditions, palladium sources, in the presence of defined ligands, convert aryl iodides to aryl radicals. A rationale is proposed for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth
F. Clark
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, U.K.
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- GSK
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, U.K.
| | - David J. Nelson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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23
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Wang T, Zong YY, Feng WZ, Wu LZ, Liu Q. Visible-Light-Mediated Generation of Acyl Radicals from Triazine Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12698-12708. [PMID: 37589746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl radicals are significant synthetic active species in organic synthesis. However, their generation via green and compatible methods remains challenging. Herein, we report an unprecedented visible-light-mediated approach for generating aryl acyl radicals from readily available triazine esters. This protocol with mild and redox-neutral conditions affords a diverse array of oxindoles attached to alcohol groups in a single operation. The recycling of leaving groups and a range of visible-light-mediated reactions using triazine ester as an acyl radical precursor demonstrate the synthetic potential of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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24
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Wang J, Wang T, Du H, Chen N, Xu J, Yang Z. Accessing para-Alkylphenols via Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Specific Deoxygenation of Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12572-12584. [PMID: 37594916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed and phenol-directed deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols comes as an alternative access to 4-alkylphenols, featuring low catalyst loading (S/C up to 20,000, TOF up to 12,400 h-1), high functionality compatibility, and excellent site-selectivity. The applications in late-stage modification of steroids and gram-scale total synthesis of a Gastrodia elata extract are highlighted. Mechanistically, the intermediacy of quinone methide controls the site-selectivity, and the formation of iridium hydride serves as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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25
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Shimazumi R, Tanimoto R, Tobisu M. Nickel/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Conversion of Allyl Esters to Ketones via the Formal Deletion of Oxygen. Org Lett 2023; 25:6440-6445. [PMID: 37594903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the catalytic conversion of allylic esters into the corresponding ketones by the formal deletion of an oxygen atom. The key to the success of the reaction is the dual use of nickel and photoredox catalysts; the former mediates C-O bond activation and C-C bond formation, while the latter is responsible for deoxygenation of the acyloxy group using PPh3 as a stoichiometric reductant. Catalytic replacement of an oxygen atom of an allyl ester with a tethered alkene is also accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Tanimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Masuda Y, Ikeshita D, Higashida K, Yoshida M, Ishida N, Murakami M, Sawamura M. Photocatalytic 1,2-Phosphorus-Migrative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Tri( t-butyl)phosphine with Terminal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19060-19066. [PMID: 37603330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Tri(t-butyl)phosphine and terminal alkynes undergo 1,2-phosphorus-migrative [3 + 2] cycloaddition in the presence of a proton source under photocatalytic conditions. The reaction exhibits broad functional group tolerance and affords substituted cyclic phosphonium salts, which are amenable to further derivatization by Wittig olefination. Theoretical studies suggest that the phosphorus 1,2-migration of a β-phosphonioalkyl radical proceeds through a phosphine radical cation-alkene complex as a pseudointermediate, and the two fragments in the intermediate are bound to each other through multiple noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Daichi Ikeshita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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27
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Guan W, Chang Y, Lin S. Electrochemically Driven Deoxygenative Borylation of Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16966-16972. [PMID: 37499221 PMCID: PMC10624253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a new, unified approach for the transformation of benzylic and allylic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones into boronic esters under electroreductive conditions. Key to our strategy is the use of readily available pinacolborane, which serves both as an activator and an electrophile by first generating a redox-active trialkylborate species and then delivering the desired deoxygenatively borylated product. This strategy is applicable to a variety of substrates and can be employed for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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28
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Gould CA, Pace AL, MacMillan DWC. Rapid and Modular Access to Quaternary Carbons from Tertiary Alcohols via Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16330-16336. [PMID: 37471294 PMCID: PMC10680126 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary carbons are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules; however, synthetic methods for the construction of this motif remain underdeveloped. Here, we report the synthesis of quaternary carbons from tertiary alcohols, a class of structurally diverse, bench-stable feedstocks, via the merger of photoredox catalysis and iron-mediated SH2 bond formation. This alcohol-bromide cross-coupling is enabled by a novel halogen-atom transfer (XAT) reagent, which is the first reductively activated XAT reagent to be reported. A wide variety of sterically congested quaternary products can be accessed through this mild and practical protocol including products derived from both alkylation and benzylation of tertiary fragments. We further demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method through the expedited synthesis of a liver receptor agonist and through a two-step conversion of ketones and esters to quaternary products, which enables the modular control of up to three of the four substituents on a quaternary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Gould
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andria L Pace
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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29
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Han J, Haines CA, Piane JJ, Filien LL, Nacsa ED. An Electrochemical Design for Catalytic Dehydration: Direct, Room-Temperature Esterification without Acid or Base Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37436909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach has been leveraged to underpin a new conceptual platform for dehydration reactions, which has been demonstrated in the context of esterification. Esters were prepared from the corresponding acid and alcohol partners at room temperature without acid or base additives and without consuming stoichiometric reagents. This methodology therefore addresses key complications that plague esterification and dehydration reactions more broadly and that represent a leading challenge in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher A Haines
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jacob J Piane
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Leila L Filien
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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30
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Chen A, Zhao S, Han Y, Zhou Z, Yang B, Xie LG, Walczak MA, Zhu F. Stereoselective alkyl C-glycosylation of glycosyl esters via anomeric C-O bond homolysis: efficient access to C-glycosyl amino acids and C-glycosyl peptides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7569-7580. [PMID: 37449071 PMCID: PMC10337754 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01995k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Glycosyl peptides possess excellent metabolic stability and therapeutic properties and thus play critical roles in biological studies as well as drug discoveries. However, the limited accessibility of C-glycosyl amino acids has significantly hindered the broader research of their structural features and mode of action. Herein, for the first time we disclose a novel visible-light-driven radical conjugate addition of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP)-derived glycosyl esters with dehydroalanine derivatives, generating C-glycosyl amino acids and C-glycosyl peptides in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Redox-active glycosyl esters, as readily accessible and bench-stable radical precursors, could be easily converted to glycosyl radicals via anomeric C(sp3)-O bond homolysis under mild conditions. Importantly, the generality and practicality of this transformation were fully demonstrated in >40 examples including 2-dexosugars, oligosaccharides, oligopeptides, and complex drug molecules. Given its mild reaction conditions, robust sugar scope, and high anomeric control and diastereoselectivity, the method presented herein could find widespread utility in the preparation of C(sp3)-linked sugar-based peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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31
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Zhou Y, Zhao L, Hu M, Duan XH, Liu L. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Divergent 1,2-Diacylation and Hydroacylation of Alkenes with Carboxylic Acid Anhydride. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37413688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed divergent 1,2-dicarbonylation and hydroacylation of alkenes with acid anhydride is presented. This approach offers a mild and efficient entry to 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility. Hydrocarbonylaltion of alkenes can also be realized by simply introducing a proton source to the reaction system. Mechanism investigations support a radical addition/radical-polar crossover cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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32
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Zhang J, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. Photocatalytic phosphine-mediated water activation for radical hydrogenation. Nature 2023; 619:506-513. [PMID: 37380779 PMCID: PMC10356606 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The chemical activation of water would allow this earth-abundant resource to be transferred into value-added compounds, and is a topic of keen interest in energy research1,2. Here, we demonstrate water activation with a photocatalytic phosphine-mediated radical process under mild conditions. This reaction generates a metal-free PR3-H2O radical cation intermediate, in which both hydrogen atoms are used in the subsequent chemical transformation through sequential heterolytic (H+) and homolytic (H•) cleavage of the two O-H bonds. The PR3-OH radical intermediate provides an ideal platform that mimics the reactivity of a 'free' hydrogen atom, and which can be directly transferred to closed-shell π systems, such as activated alkenes, unactivated alkenes, naphthalenes and quinoline derivatives. The resulting H adduct C radicals are eventually reduced by a thiol co-catalyst, leading to overall transfer hydrogenation of the π system, with the two H atoms of water ending up in the product. The thermodynamic driving force is the strong P=O bond formed in the phosphine oxide by-product. Experimental mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculations support the hydrogen atom transfer of the PR3-OH intermediate as a key step in the radical hydrogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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33
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Gan L, Xu T, Tan Q, Cen M, Wang L, Zhao J, Liu K, Liu L, Chen WH, Han LB, Nycz JE, Chen T. Metal-free highly chemo-selective bisphosphorylation and deoxyphosphorylation of carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5519-5526. [PMID: 37234892 PMCID: PMC10207878 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are readily available in both the natural and synthetic world. Their direct utilization for preparing organophosphorus compounds would greatly benefit the development of organophosphorus chemistry. In this manuscript, we describe a novel and practical phosphorylating reaction under transition metal-free reaction conditions that can selectively convert carboxylic acids into the P-C-O-P motif-containing compounds through bisphosphorylation, and the benzyl phosphorus compounds through deoxyphosphorylation. This strategy provides a new route for carboxylic acid conversion as the alkyl source, enabling highly efficient and practical synthesis of the corresponding value-added organophosphorus compounds with high chemo-selectivity and wide substrate scope, including the late modification of complex APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). Moreover, this reaction also indicates a new strategy for converting carboxylic acids into alkenes by coupling this work and the subsequent WHE reaction with ketones and aldehydes. We anticipate that this new mode of transforming carboxylic acids will find wide application in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Tianhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Qihang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Mengjie Cen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Kuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wen-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Co. Ltd Shangyu 312369 Zhejiang China
| | - Jacek E Nycz
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice ul. Szkolna 9 PL-40007 Katowice Poland
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chem, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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34
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Williams OP, Chmiel AF, Mikhael M, Bates DM, Yeung CS, Wickens ZK. Practical and General Alcohol Deoxygenation Protocol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300178. [PMID: 36840940 PMCID: PMC10121858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a practical protocol for the removal of alcohol functional groups through reductive cleavage of their benzoate ester analogs. This transformation requires a strong single electron transfer (SET) reductant and a means to accelerate slow fragmentation following substrate reduction. To accomplish this, we developed a photocatalytic system that generates a potent reductant from formate salts alongside Brønsted or Lewis acids that promote fragmentation of the reduced intermediate. This deoxygenation procedure is effective across structurally and electronically diverse alcohols and enables a variety of difficult net transformations. This protocol requires no precautions to exclude air or moisture and remains efficient on multigram scale. Finally, the system can be adapted to a one-pot benzoylation-deoxygenation sequence to enable direct alcohol deletion. Mechanistic studies validate that the role of acidic additives is to promote the key C(sp3 )-O bond fragmentation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Alyah F. Chmiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Myriam Mikhael
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Desiree M. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Charles S. Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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35
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Stewart S, Maloney R, Sun Y. Triphenylphosphine oxide promoting visible-light-driven C-C coupling via desulfurization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3546-3549. [PMID: 36892408 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) can form a complex in solution, promoting visible light absorption to trigger electron transfer within the complex and generate radicals. Subsequent radical reactions with thiols enable desulfurization to produce carbon radicals that react with aryl alkenes to yield new C-C bonds. Since ambient oxygen can easily oxidize TPP to TPPO, the reported method requires no explicit addition of a photocatalyst. This work highlights the promise of using TPPO as a catalytic photo-redox mediator in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Robert Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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36
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Cheng F, Li D, Li J, Tang Y, Wu Y, Xu S. Synthesis of Phosphinic Amides from Chlorophosphines and Hydroxyl Amines via P(III) to P(V) Rearrangement. Org Lett 2023; 25:2555-2559. [PMID: 36876752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoranyl radicals are essential mediators to bring about new radicals but often produce a stoichiometric amount of phosphine oxide/sulfide waste. Herein, we devised a phosphorus-containing species as a radical precursor, but without the generation of phosphorus waste. Accordingly, a catalyst-free synthesis of phosphinic amides from hydroxyl amines and chlorophosphines via P(III) to P(V) rearrangement is described. Mechanistically, it may involve the initial formation of a R2N-O-PR2 species that undergoes homolysis of N-O bonds and subsequent radical recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiu Li
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Silong Xu
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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37
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Wei HZ, Shi M, Wei Y. Visible-light-induced reactions of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2726-2738. [PMID: 36752186 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse, visible-light-induced transformations of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) have been reported in recent years, attracting significant attention from synthetic chemists. As readily accessible strained molecules, MCPs have sufficient reactivity to selectively generate different target products, through reactions with various radical species upon visible-light irradiation under regulated reaction conditions. These transformations can be classified into three subcategories of reaction pathway, forming ring-opened products, cyclopropane derivatives, and alkynes. These products include pharmaceutical intermediates and polycyclic/heterocyclic compounds that are challenging to obtain using traditional methods. This review summarizes the recent advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhao Wei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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38
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Meena ML, Kumar K, Saini P, Sethi M, Saini S, Mohapatra A, Som S, Lin RY, Chu CW, Lu CH, Lin SD, Parewa V. Competent production of hydrogen and hydrogenation of carboxylic acids using urea-rich waste water over visible-light-responsive rare earth doped photocatalyst. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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39
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Saga Y, Nakayama Y, Watanabe T, Kondo M, Masaoka S. Visible-Light-Driven Hydroacylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Readily Available Acyl Donors. Org Lett 2023; 25:1136-1141. [PMID: 36792085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report visible-light-driven hydroacylation of unactivated alkenes. We employed benzimidazolines as new acyl donors and achieved perfect regioselectivity, high functional-group tolerance, and excellent substrate generality. We also performed mechanistic experiments to elucidate the detailed reaction mechanism. This is the first example of (1) hydroacylation of unactivated alkenes using (2) easily prepared acyl donors under (3) visible-light irradiation. Our findings offer a new strategy to synthesize a wide variety of ketones under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Saga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakayama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taito Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Li D, Wei L, Xiong W, Jiang H, Qi C. Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Formylation of Aryl Iodides with CO 2 under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5231-5237. [PMID: 36644860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reductive formylation of aryl iodides with carbon dioxide as the carbonyl source under mild reaction conditions was realized by using a combination of Pd(PCy3)2Cl2 and di-2-pyridyl ketone as the catalyst and phenylsilane as the reductive reagent, leading to a variety of aromatic aldehydes in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol features wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and simple operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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41
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Chheda PR, Simmons N, Schuman DP, Shi Z. Photoredox-Mediated Deoxygenative Alkylation of DNA-Tagged Alkenes with Activated Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:9514-9519. [PMID: 36541781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) screens have become a key technology to find small molecule binders to biological targets for drug discovery applications. The development of new DNA-compatible chemistries to expand the accessible DEL chemical space is imperative to enhance screen success across broad target classes and modalities. Additionally, reactions that use commonly available building blocks as well as those that enable the fsp3 of library members to be increased would have high impact for accessing diverse drug-like structures. Herein, we report a DNA-compatible Giese-type addition of nonstabilized C-centered radicals generated by the deoxygenation of preactivated alcohols into on-DNA olefins. Although alcohols have been historically underused as a building block class within DEL synthesis, their activation to a xanthate enables Csp3-Csp3 coupling to furnish sp3-rich products. This reaction is compatible with multiple classes of functional groups, does not damage the DNA tag, and is suitable for use in DEL productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik R Chheda
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas Simmons
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David P Schuman
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zhicai Shi
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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42
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Tan CY, Kim M, Park I, Kim Y, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Alkylation with Alcohols and Thiols via Single-Electron Transfer of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213857. [PMID: 36314414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the deoxygenative or desulfurative pyridylation of various alcohols and thiols has been developed through a single-electron transfer (SET) process of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from pyridinium salts and PtBu3 . Mechanistic studies revealed that N-amidopyridinium salts serve as effective Lewis acids for the formation of FLPs with PtBu3 , and the generated phosphine radical cation ionically couples with the in situ generated xanthate, eventually affording the alkyl radical through facile β-scission under photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction efficiency was further accelerated by visible-light irradiation. This method is conceptually appealing by using encounter complexes in FLP chemistry to promote SET, which provides a previously unrecognized opportunity for the selective heteroarylation of a diverse range of alcohols and thiols with various functional groups, even in complex settings under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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43
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Pham TT. Advances in Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation by Using Photocatalysts: A Mini Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thanh Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry New Mexico State University 1175 N Horseshoe Dr. Las Cruces NM 88003
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44
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Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhu S, Qing F, Xue X, Chu L. Light‐Induced Divergent Cyanation of Alkynes Enabled by Phosphorus Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210838. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yunhong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
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45
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Lin Q, Tong W, Shu XZ, Chen Y. Ti-Catalyzed Dehydroxylation of Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8459-8464. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Ding Y, Yu S, Ren M, Lu J, Fu Q, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Bai J, Hao N, Yang L, Wei S, Yi D, Wei J. Redox-neutral and metal-free synthesis of 3-(arylmethyl)chroman-4-ones via visible-light-driven alkene acylarylation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1059792. [PMID: 36385990 PMCID: PMC9660241 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1059792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A metal- and aldehyde-free visible-light-driven photoredox-neutral alkene acylarylation with readily available cyanoarenes is described. A variety of 3-(arylmethyl)chroman-4-ones (i.e., homoisoflavonoids) and analogs are efficiently synthesized with good functional group tolerance. This mild protocol relies on a phosphoranyl radical-mediated acyl radical-initiated cyclization and selective radical-radical coupling sequence, and is also further highlighted by subsequent derivatization to chromone and 2H-chromene as well as its application in the three-component alkene acylarylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengjiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ji Lu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Na Hao
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siping Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dong Yi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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47
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Chinchole A, Henriquez MA, Cortes-Arriagada D, Cabrera AR, Reiser O. Iron(III)-Light-Induced Homolysis: A Dual Photocatalytic Approach for the Hydroacylation of Alkenes Using Acyl Radicals via Direct HAT from Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Chinchole
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
| | - Marco A. Henriquez
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile
| | - Diego Cortes-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577 , Chile
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
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48
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Visible Light-Induced Deoxygenation and Allylation/Vinylation of Pyridyl Ethers. Org Lett 2022; 24:7309-7314. [PMID: 36190797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The generation of alkyl radicals by deoxygenation of unactivated ethers under visible light catalysis is a hitherto unmet challenge. Herein, we report a visible light-induced deoxygenation of pyridyl ethers via formation of their pyridinium salts. The generated benzylic radicals further react with allyl/alkenyl sulfones to provide a series of coupling products in good to moderate yields. This process is proposed to undergo a reductive quenching cycle, which was elucidated by chemical, optical, and electrical experiments.
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49
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Fan X, Sun X, Ji M, Tong H, Zhang W, Sun Z, Chu W. Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Coupling of Benzoic Acid Derivatives with Alkenes to Dihydrochalcones. Org Lett 2022; 24:7271-7275. [PMID: 36190778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy was developed for the visible-light-induced photocatalytic synthesis of dihydrochalcone via the deoxygenation and coupling of benzoic acid derivatives with alkenes using diphenyl sulfide as the O-transfer reagent. Under mild photoredox conditions, a series of dihydrochalcone derivatives were produced in moderate to good yields. A mechanism for the visible-light-induced free-radical coupling was proposed on the basis of the control experiments. The protocol provides a new strategy the generation of acyl radicals from carboxylic acids and the synthesis of dihydrochalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fan
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Sun
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Tong
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- †School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P. R. China
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50
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Wang Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Li X, Xu Z, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Dehydroxylative Arylation of Alcohols via Paired Electrolysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7476-7481. [PMID: 36190448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonactivated alcohols along with arene compounds are used in electrochemical dehydroxylative arylation for constructing C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. The PIII reagent undergoes single-electron anodic oxidation to form its radical cation, which reacts with the alcohol to produce an alkoxytriphenylphosphine radical. Through spontaneous β-scission of the phosphoranyl radical, the C-O bond is cleaved to form an alkyl radical species, which couples with the radical anion generated by cathodic reduction of the electron-poor arene to afford the dehydroxylative arylated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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