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Jiang J, Xi C, Zhou S, Chen X, Wei Y, Han S. Fe 7S 8 coupled with VS 4 heterogeneous interface engineering driven by FeV bimetallic MOFs: An efficient all-pH and durable hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:913-924. [PMID: 38959737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rational design and preparation of a multiphase electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become a hot research topic, while applicable and pH versatility of vanadium tetrasulfide (VS4) and heptairon octasulfide (Fe7S8) composites have rarely been reported. Here, the facile topological sulfide self-template sacrifice method using FeV bimetallic MOFs is designed to obtain Fe7S8 coupled with VS4 heterostructures, enhancing the electron precipitation in the catalysts and attracts electrons to migrate. According to DFT simulations, the electronic coupling at the atomic orbital level and the modulation of interfacial electrons among various interfaces play a crucial role in enhancing the intermediate state process of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) across the entire pH range, promoting the optimal d-band centroid value (εd). Reassuringly, the prepared 3D Fe7S8/VS4 electrodes possessed excellent performances of η10 = 53 mV, η10 = 135 mV and η10 = 38 mV in a conventional three-electrode configuration in a 1 M KOH, 1 M Na2SO4, and 0.5 M H2SO4, and the stabilized currents can all be maintained for 48 h. This innovative design of in situ heterostructured materials constructed from dual transition metal sulfides provides inspiring ideas for the preparation of all-pH catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chang Xi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sheng Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Haiquan Road 100, 201418 Shanghai, PR China.
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2
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Park J, Cho I, Jeon H, Lee Y, Zhang J, Lee D, Cho MK, Preston DJ, Shong B, Kim IS, Lee WK. Conversion of Layered WS 2 Crystals into Mixed-Domain Electrochemical Catalysts by Plasma-Assisted Surface Reconstruction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314031. [PMID: 38509794 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic water splitting is crucial to generate clean hydrogen fuel, but implementation at an industrial scale remains limited due to dependence on expensive platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts. Here, an all-dry process to transform electrochemically inert bulk WS2 into a multidomain electrochemical catalyst that enables scalable and cost-effective implementation of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis is reported. Direct dry transfer of WS2 flakes to a gold thin film deposited on a silicon substrate provides a general platform to produce the working electrodes for HER with tunable charge transfer resistance. By treating the mechanically exfoliated WS2 with sequential Ar-O2 plasma, mixed domains of WS2, WO3, and tungsten oxysulfide form on the surfaces of the flakes, which gives rise to a superior HER with much greater long-term stability and steady-state activity compared to Pt. Using density functional theory, ultraefficient atomic sites formed on the constituent nanodomains are identified, and the quantification of atomic-scale reactivities and resulting HER activities fully support the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Iaan Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hotae Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zhang
- International Research Center for EM Metamaterials and Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Cho
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Bonggeun Shong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
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Mariappan A, Mannu P, Ranjith KS, Nga TTT, Han YK, Dong CL, Dharman RK, Oh TH. Novel Heterostructure-Based CoFe and Cobalt Oxysulfide Nanocubes for Effective Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Water and Urea Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310112. [PMID: 38221688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) on heterostructure electrocatalysts with specific interfaces and characteristics provides a distinctive character. In this study, heterostructure nanocubes (NCs) comprising inner cobalt oxysulfide (CoOS) NCs and outer CoFe (CF) layered double hydroxide (LDH) are developed using a hydrothermal methodology. During the sulfidation process, the divalent sulfur ions (S2-) are released from the breakdown of the sulfur source and react with the Co-precursors on the surface leading to the transformation of CoOH nanorods into CoOS nanocubes. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses reveal that the interactions at the interface of the CF@CoOS NCs significantly altered the electronic structure, thus enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. The optimal catalysts exhibited effective OER and UOR activities, the attained potentials are 1.51 and 1.36 V. This remarkable performance is attributable to the induction of electron transfer from the CoFe LDH to CoOS, which reduces the energy barrier of the intermediates for the OER and UOR. Furthermore, an alkaline water and urea two-cell electrolyzer assembled using CF@CoOS-2 NCs and Pt/C as the anode and cathode requires a cell voltage of 1.63 and 1.56 V along with a durability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athibala Mariappan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Pandian Mannu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ta Thi Thuy Nga
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | | | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
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Nadarajan R, Gopinathan AV, Dileep NP, Sidharthan AS, Shaijumon MM. Heterointerface engineering of cobalt molybdenum suboxide for overall water splitting. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15219-15229. [PMID: 37671639 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02458j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly active and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of great significance for sustainable hydrogen generation through alkaline water electrolysis. Here, with an aim to enhance the bifunctional electrocatalytic activity of cobalt molybdate towards overall water splitting, we demonstrate a simple method involving the modulation of the cobalt to molybdenum ratio and creation of phase-modulated heterointerfaces. Samples with varying Co/Mo molar ratios are obtained via a microwave-assisted synthesis method using appropriate starting precursors. The synthesis conditions are modified to create a heterointerface involving multiple phases of cobalt molybdenum suboxides (CoO/CoMoO3/Co2Mo3O8) supported on Ni foam (NF). Detailed electrochemical studies reveal that modulating the composition and hence the interface can tweak the bifunctional electrocatalytic activity of the material for HER and OER and thus improve the overall water splitting efficiency with very high durability over 500 h. To further evaluate the practical applicability of the studied catalyst in water splitting, an alkaline electrolyser is fabricated with the optimized cobalt molybdenum suboxide material (CMO-1.25) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. A current density of 220 mA cm-2 @1.6 V and 670 mA cm-2 @1.8 V was obtained, and the device showed very good long-term durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith Nadarajan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Anju V Gopinathan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Naduvile Purayil Dileep
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Akshaya S Sidharthan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Manikoth M Shaijumon
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
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Xia L, Wang F, Pan K, Zhang B, Li W, Ma X, Yang T, Xu Y, Ren Y, Yu H, Wei S. Dual Co xS y-Modified Tungsten Disulfide Double-Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in All-pH Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11765-11776. [PMID: 36812185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and preparation of a heterogeneous electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become a research hotspot, while applicable and pH-universal tungsten disulfide (WS2)-based hybrid composites are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a novel hybrid catalyst (WS2/Co9S8/Co4S3) comprising two heterojunctions of WS2/Co4S3 and WS2/Co9S8, which grow on the porous skeleton of Co, N-codoped carbon (Co/NC) flexibly applicable to all-pH electrolytes. The effect of double heterogeneous coupling on HER activity is explored as the highly flexible heterojunction is conducive to tune the activity of the catalyst, and the synergistic interaction of the double heterojunctions is maximized by adjusting the proportion of heterojunction components. Theoretical calculations show that both WS2/Co9S8 and WS2/Co4S3 heterojunctions have a Gibbs free energy of H reaction (|ΔGH*|) close to 0.0 eV and a facile decomposition water barrier. As collective synergy of dual CoxSy-modified WS2 double heterojunction, WS2/Co9S8/Co4S3 greatly enhances HER activity compared to bare Co9S8/Co4S3 or single heterojunction (WS2/Co9S8) in all-pH media. Besides, we have elucidated the unique HER mechanism of the double heterojunction to decompose H2O and confirm its excellent activity under alkaline and neutral conditions. Thus, this work provides new insights into WS2-based hybrid materials potentially applied to sustainable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Materials for Solar Energy Conversion and Lithium Sodium based Battery, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kunming Pan
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Biying Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Tianxiang Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Yongpeng Ren
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hua Yu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shizhong Wei
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of High-Temperature Structural and Functional Materials, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
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Manoharan M, Govindharaj K, Muthumalai K, Pandian R, Haldorai Y, Rajendra Kumar RT. Highly Selective Room Temperature Detection of NH 3 and NO x Using Oxygen-Deficient W 18O 49-Supported WS 2 Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4703-4712. [PMID: 36637973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the controlled synthesis of tungsten disulfide/reduced tungsten oxide (WS2/W18O49) heterojunctions for highly efficient room temperature NOx and ammonia (NH3) sensors. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the oxygen-deficient W18O49 phase along with WS2. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy displayed the formation of WS2 flakes over W18O49 nanorods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the presence of tungsten in W4+, W5+, and W6+ oxidation states corresponding to WS2 and W18O49, respectively. The WS2/W18O49 heterojunction sensor exhibited sub-ppm level sensitivity to NOx and NH3 at room temperature. The heterojunction sensor detected 0.6 ppm NOx and 0.5 ppm NH3, with a corresponding response of 7.1 and 3.8%, respectively. The limit of detection of the sensor was calculated to be 0.05 and 0.17 ppm for NH3 and NOx, respectively. The cyclic stability test showed that the sensor exhibited high stability even after 24 cycles for the detection of NH3 and 14 cycles for NOx. Compared to pristine WO3 and WS2, the WS2/W18O49 heterojunction showed high selectivity toward NOx and NH3. The results could be useful for the development of room temperature NOx and NH3 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathankumar Manoharan
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Kamaraj Govindharaj
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - K Muthumalai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu603102, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
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Yu W, Xu M, Liang X, Wang J, Fang W, Wang F. Fabrication of Ce MOFs/Black-TNTs and CCM/Black-TNTs as high-efficiency photoelectrode for wastewater treatment and hydrogen production. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Zhang D, Wang F, Zhao W, Cui M, Fan X, Liang R, Ou Q, Zhang S. Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity of Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide Under High Currents Via Preferential Electron Filling Induced by Tungsten Doping. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202445. [PMID: 35876393 PMCID: PMC9507386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The lack of highly efficient, durable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) working at high current densities poses a significant challenge for the large-scale implementation of hydrogen production from renewable energy. Herein, amorphous molybdenum tungsten sulfide/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (a-MoWSx /N-RGO) are synthesized by plasma treatment for use as high-performance HER catalysts. By adjusting the plasma treatment duration and chemical composition, an optimal a-MoWSx /N-RGO catalyst is obtained, which exhibits a low overpotential of 348 mV at a current density of 1000 mA cm-2 and almost no decay after 24 h of working at this current density, outperforming commercial platinum/carbon (Pt/C) and previously reported heteroatom-doped MoS2 -based catalysts. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that with a reasonable tungsten doping level, the catalytic active site (2S2 - ) shows excellent catalytic performance working at high current densities because extra electrons preferentially fill at 2S2 - . The introduction of tungsten tends to lower the electronic structure energy, resulting in a closer-to-zero positive Δ G H ∗ $\Delta {G}_{{{\rm{H}}}^{\rm{*}}}$ . Excessive tungsten introduction, however, can lead to structural damage and a worse HER performance under high current densities. The work provides a route towards rationally designing high-performance catalysts for the HER at industrial-level currents using earth-abundant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Zhang
- Institute of Future LightingAcademy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Minghui Cui
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Fan
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsLaboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Rongqing Liang
- Institute of Future LightingAcademy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Qiongrong Ou
- Institute of Future LightingAcademy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Institute of Future LightingAcademy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
- Institute for Electric Light SourcesSchool of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R. China
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Li Z, Yuan F, Han M, Yu J. Atomic-Scale Laminated Structure of O-Doped WS 2 and Carbon Layers with Highly Enhanced Ion Transfer for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202495. [PMID: 35670146 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
WS2 anode materials show huge potential for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the naturally good 2D diffusion pathways but suffer from large Li+ diffusion barrier energy and poor intrinsic electrical conductivity. Here, a defect-rich atomic-scale laminated structure of WS2 and C (D-WS2 -C) with O doping and enlarged interlayer distance from 0.62 to 1.06 nm of WS2 is first fabricated, which is assembled into micron-sized spheres to prepare WS2 /C composite microspheres. D-WS2 -C with maximized molecular layer contact area between WS2 and carbon and large interlayer spacing greatly enhances the electrical conductivity of WS2 and reduces Li-ion diffusion energy barrier, confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Besides, the unique D-WS2 -C enables the formation of vast superfine W nanoparticles (1-2 nm) during the conversation reaction, resulting in the construction of a space charge zone on W surface. Based on these characteristics of D-WS2 -C, the prepared WS2 /C composite microspheres show superior fast-charging capability with a high capacity of 647.8 mAh g-1 at 20 C in half cells. For full cells, a high-energy density of 100.9 Wh kg-1 is achieved at a charge time of only 8.5 min at 5 C, representing the best fast-charging performances in WS2 -based anode materials to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Li
- Advanced Fibers Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Supercapacitor Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fu Yuan
- Advanced Fibers Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Meisheng Han
- Advanced Fibers Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Advanced Fibers Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Supercapacitor Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Li R, Guo W. Screening of transition metal single-atom catalysts supported by a WS 2 monolayer for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction: insights from activity trend and descriptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13384-13398. [PMID: 35608279 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), as an alternative green technology to the Haber-Bosch process, can efficiently synthesize ammonia under ambient conditions and has a reduced carbon footprint. Here we systematically investigate the NRR activity and selectivity of transition metal (TM) single-atom catalyst (SAC) anchored WS2 monolayers (TM@WS2) by means of first-principles calculations and microkinetic modeling. The construction of the reaction activity trend and the identification of an activity descriptor, namely *N2H adsorption energy, facilitate the efficient screening and rational design of SACs with high activity. Manipulating the adsorption strength of the pivotal *N2H intermediate is a potential strategy for enhancing NRR activity. Utilizing the limiting potential difference of NRR and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as a selectivity descriptor, we screen three SACs with excellent activity and selectivity toward NRR, i.e., Re@WS2, Os@WS2 and Ir@WS2 with favorable limiting potentials of -0.44 V, -0.38 V and -0.69 V. By using the explicit H9O4+ model, the kinetic barriers of the rate-determining steps (0.47 eV-1.15 eV) of the solvated proton transfer on the screened SACs are found to be moderate, indicative of a kinetically feasible process. Microkinetic modeling shows that the turnover frequencies of N2 reduction to NH3 on Re@WS2, Os@WS2 and Ir@WS2 are 1.52 × 105, 8.21 × 102 and 4.17 × 10-4 per s per site at 400 K, achieving fast reaction rates. The coexistence of empty and occupied 5d orbitals of candidate SACs is beneficial for σ donation and π* backdonation, endowing them with extraordinary N2 adsorption and activation. Moreover, the screened SACs possess good dispersity and thermodynamic stability. Our work provides a promising solution for the efficient screening and rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts toward the NRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Li R, Guo W, Qian Y. Recent Developments of Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries. Front Chem 2022; 10:832972. [PMID: 35237561 PMCID: PMC8882827 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.832972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Big progress has been made in batteries based on an intercalation mechanism in the last 20 years, but limited capacity in batteries hinders their further increase in energy density. The demand for more energy intensity makes research communities turn to conversion-type batteries. Thermal batteries are a special kind of conversion-type battery, which are thermally activated primary batteries composed mainly of cathode, anode, separator (electrolyte), and heating mass. Such kinds of battery employ an internal pyrotechnic source to make the battery stack reach its operating temperature. Thermal batteries have a long history of research and usage in military fields because of their high specific capacity, high specific energy, high thermal stability, long shelf life, and fast activation. These experiences and knowledge are of vital importance for the development of conversion-type batteries. This review provides a comprehensive account of recent studies on cathode materials. The paper covers the preparation, characterization of various cathode materials, and the performance test of thermal batteries. These advances have significant implications for the development of high-performance, low-cost, and mass production conversion-type batteries in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Guo
- *Correspondence: Wei Guo, ; Yumin Qian,
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12
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Aukarasereenont P, Goff A, Nguyen CK, McConville CF, Elbourne A, Zavabeti A, Daeneke T. Liquid metals: an ideal platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1253-1276. [PMID: 35107468 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of liquid metals can serve as a platform to synthesise two-dimensional materials. By exploiting the self-limiting Cabrera-Mott oxidation reaction that takes place at the surface of liquid metals exposed to ambient air, an ultrathin oxide layer can be synthesised and isolated. Several synthesis approaches based on this phenomenon have been developed in recent years, resulting in a diverse family of functional 2D materials that covers a significant fraction of the periodic table. These straightforward and inherently scalable techniques may enable the fabrication of novel devices and thus harbour significant application potential. This review provides a brief introduction to liquid metals and their alloys, followed by detailed guidance on each developed synthesis technique, post-growth processing methods, integration processes, as well as potential applications of the developed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Goff
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chung Kim Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Chris F McConville
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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13
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[NiFe]-(Oxy)Sulfides Derived from NiFe2O4 for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts is regarded as a key factor for realizing industrial-scale hydrogen production powered by renewable energy sources. Inspired by nature, which uses Fe- and Ni-containing enzymes for efficient hydrogen generation, Fe/Ni-containing chalcogenides, such as oxides and sulfides, received increasing attention as promising electrocatalysts to produce hydrogen. We herein present a novel synthetic procedure for mixed Fe/Ni (oxy)sulfide materials by the controlled (partial) sulfidation of NiFe2O4 (NFO) nanoparticles in H2S-containing atmospheres. The variation in H2S concentration and the temperature allows for a precise control of stoichiometry and phase composition. The obtained sulfidized materials (NFS) catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with increased activity in comparison to NFO, up to −10 and −100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of approx. 250 and 450 mV, respectively.
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14
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Kumari S, Chouhan A, Sharma OP, Tawfik SA, Tran K, Spencer MJS, Bhargava SK, Walia S, Ray A, Khatri OP. Surface Functionalization of WS 2 Nanosheets with Alkyl Chains for Enhancement of Dispersion Stability and Tribological Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1334-1346. [PMID: 34941265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) exhibits intriguing tribological properties and has been explored as an excellent lubricious material in thin-film and solid lubricants. However, the poor dispersibility of WS2 has been a major challenge for its utilization in liquid lubricant applications. Herein, a top-down integrated approach is presented to synthesize oxygenated WS2 (WS2-O) nanosheets via strong acid-mediated oxidation and ultrasound-assisted exfoliation. The ultrathin sheets of WS2-O, comprising 4-7 molecular lamellae, exhibit oxygen/hydroxyl functionalities. The organosilanes having variable surface-active leaving groups (chloro and ethoxy) are covalently grafted, targeting the hydroxyl/oxygen functionalities on the surface of WS2-O nanosheets. The grafting of organosilanes is governed by the reactivity of chloro and ethoxy leaving groups. The DFT calculations further support the covalent interaction between the WS2-O nanosheets and organosilanes. The alkyl chain-functionalized WS2-O nanosheets displayed excellent dispersibility in mineral lube base oil. A minute dose of chemically functionalized-WS2 (0.2 mg.mL-1) notably enhanced the tribological properties of mineral lube oil by reducing the friction coefficient (52%) and wear volume (79%) for a steel tribopair. Raman analysis of worn surfaces revealed WS2-derived lubricious thin film formation. The improved tribological properties are attributed to ultralow thickness, stable dispersion, and low shear strength of chemically functionalized WS2 nanosheets, along with protective thin film formation over the contact interfaces of a steel tribopair. The present work opens a new avenue toward exploiting low-dimensional nanosheets for minimizing energy losses due to high friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Kumari
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ajay Chouhan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Om P Sharma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Kevin Tran
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Michelle J S Spencer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anjan Ray
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Om P Khatri
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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Kadam SR, Bar-Ziv R, Bar-Sadan M. A cobalt-doped WS 2/WO 3 nanocomposite electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline media. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple preparation method of doped nanoflowers produces improved catalytic activity due to the complex structure of the phases and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Kadam
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Ziv
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center-Negev (NRCN), Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Maya Bar-Sadan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
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16
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Chen X, Yang J, Cao Y, Kong L, Huang J. Design Principles for Tungsten Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 P. R. China
| | - Yifan Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 P. R. China
| | - Luo Kong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021 P. R. China
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17
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Zheng C, Hoffmann R, Perkins TS, Calvagna F, Fotovat R, Ferels C, Mohr A, Kremer RK, Köhler J, Simon A, Bu K, Huang F. Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of the quaternary oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two rare earth oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce) have been synthesized and their structures determined. The two isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59). The structure features one-dimensional edge-sharing VS4O2 octahedron chains parallel to the b axis. The bonding between V and S/O is covalent, and between Ln
3+ and the rest of the matrix ionic. Magnetic susceptibility measurement revealed that V is in a mixed valence state of V3+ and V4+. Its magnetic behavior follows the Curie-Weiss law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , 60115 , USA
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , USA ,
| | - Timothy S. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry , Coker University , Hartsville , SC , 29550 , USA
| | - Frank Calvagna
- Department of Chemistry , Rock Valley College , Rockford , IL , 61114 , USA
| | - Roxanna Fotovat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , 60115 , USA
| | - Crystal Ferels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , 60115 , USA
| | - Alyssa Mohr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , DeKalb , IL , 60115 , USA
| | - Reinhard K. Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung , Heisenbergstrasse 1 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung , Heisenbergstrasse 1 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Arndt Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung , Heisenbergstrasse 1 , D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Kejun Bu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200050 , P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200050 , P. R. China
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18
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Asen P, Esfandiar A. Facile synthesis of highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst by vanadium oxysulfide spheres on cobalt-cobalt sulfonitride nanosheets for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Yang TT, Patil RB, McKone JR, Saidi WA. Revisiting trends in the exchange current for hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nørskov and collaborators proposed a simple kinetic model to explain the volcano relation for hydrogen evolution reaction. Our new model decreases the discrepancy between calculated and experimental exchange current density values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy T. Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Rituja B. Patil
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - James R. McKone
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Wissam A. Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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20
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Huang G, Zhang C, Liu Z, Yuan S, Yang G, Wang K, Li X, Li N, Jing S. Self‐Supported Mesoporous Iron Phosphide with High Active‐Site Density for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic and Alkaline Media. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education School of Material Science and Engineering Jilin University 5988 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shubo Jing
- College of Chemistry Jilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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21
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Wang H, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Hu S, Ma M, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Liu H. Addressable surface engineering for N-doped WS 2 nanosheet arrays with abundant active sites and the optimal local electronic structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22541-22550. [PMID: 33150907 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The precise control over the geometric and electronic structures of active materials on flexible substrates is of great importance to address the current challenges in optimizing and developing high-performance flexible devices for energy conversion and storage. In this work, an addressable surface was demonstrated to engineer structurally controllable active nanomaterials for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The nanostructures of WS2/MOF/metal hydroxide/oxide with different formation energy barriers electrodes could be tuned by modifying the ratio of O/C and the concentration of carbon defects at the surface of carbon cloth. The morphological structure of the vertical WS2 nanosheets that are favorable to electrocatalysis was found to be highly related to the addressable surface of carbon cloth though heterogeneous nucleation and the interactions between the monomers and surface functional groups. Moreover, the electronic structure of WS2 was further modified with N doping (N-WS2) to deliver an addressable surface for the reaction species involved in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the resultant N-WS2 exhibited enhanced HER activity compared with the original WS2. The systematic experimental research and electronic-structure density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the interesting features of the N dopant: (i) the strong hybridization of the p orbital of dopant N with d orbital of W and p orbital of S atoms (W d-S p-N p hybridization) close to the Fermi level can disperse the conducting charges, thus leading to an improved conductivity across the basal plane of WS2 nanosheets; (ii) the local electron transfer from W to N atoms provides the local charge, thus promoting the H adsorption process in the HER for N-WS2. Our research can be expected to offer new perspectives in the precise construction of highly reactive nanostructures toward high-efficiency and highly stable flexible devices for energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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