1
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Wang T, Chen L, Liu YY, Zhang ZB, Han P, Jing LH. Silylation and (Hetero)aryl/alkenylation of Unactivated Alkenes via Radical-Mediated Distal 1,4-Migration with Hydrosilanes under Organophotocatalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:4526-4531. [PMID: 38761124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel organic photoredox catalysis to achieve unprecedented γ-(hetero)aryl/alkenyl-δ-silyl aliphatic amines via silyl-mediated distal (hetero)aryl/alkenyl migration of aromatic/alkenyl amines bearing unactivated alkenes with hydrosilanes. This protocol features mild and metal-free reaction conditions, high atom economy, excellent selectivity, and functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies suggest that silylation and (hetero)aryl/alkenylation involve photoredox hydrogen atom transfer catalysis and subsequent 1,4-migration of a remote (hetero)aryl/alkenyl group from nitrogen to carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637002, People's Republic of China
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2
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Koo Y, Hong S. Nickel/photoredox-catalyzed three-component silylacylation of acrylates via chlorine photoelimination. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7707-7713. [PMID: 38784747 PMCID: PMC11110154 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The extensive utility of organosilicon compounds across a wide range of disciplines has sparked significant interest in their efficient synthesis. Although catalytic 1,2-silyldifunctionalization of alkenes provides a promising method for the assembly of intricate organosilicon frameworks with atom and step economy, its advancement is hindered by the requirement of an external hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent in photoredox catalysis. Herein, we disclose an efficient three-component silylacylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, leveraging a synergistic nickel/photoredox catalysis with various hydrosilanes and aroyl chlorides. This method enables the direct conversion of acrylates into valuable building blocks that contain both carbonyl and silicon functionalities through a single, redox-neutral process. Key to this reaction is the precise activation of the Si-H bond, achieved through chlorine radical-induced HAT, enabled by the photoelimination of a Ni-Cl bond. Acyl chlorides serve a dual role, functioning as both acylating agents and chloride donors. Our methodology is distinguished by its mild conditions and extensive substrate adaptability, significantly enhancing the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
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3
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Ding C, Ren Y, Yu Y, Yin G. Ligand-modulated nickel-catalyzed regioselective silylalkylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7670. [PMID: 37996492 PMCID: PMC10667358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosilicon compounds have shown tremendous potential in drug discovery and their synthesis stimulates wide interest. Multicomponent cross-coupling of alkenes with silicon reagents is used to yield complex silicon-containing compounds from readily accessible feedstock chemicals but the reaction with simple alkenes remains challenging. Here, we report a regioselective silylalkylation of simple alkenes, which is enabled by using a stable Ni(II) salt and an inexpensive trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand as a catalyst. Remarkably, this reaction can tolerate a broad range of olefins bearing various functional groups, including alcohol, ester, amides and ethers, thus it allows for the efficient and selective assembly of a diverse range of bifunctional organosilicon building blocks from terminal alkenes, alkyl halides and the Suginome reagent. Moreover, an expedient synthetic route toward alpha-Lipoic acid has been developed by this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Biremond T, Riomet M, Jubault P, Poisson T. Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Borylation and Silylation Reactions. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300172. [PMID: 37358334 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high versatility borylated and silylated compounds are inevitable synthons for organic chemists. To escape the classical hydroboration/hydrosilylation paradigm, chemists turned their attention to more modern and green methods such as photoredox chemistry and electrosynthesis. This account focuses on novel methods for the generation of boryl and silyl radicals to forge C-B and C-Si bonds from our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Biremond
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Margaux Riomet
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Univ., INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000, Rouen, France
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5
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Xu H, Zheng W, Liu WD, Zhou Y, Lin L, Zhao J. Silylacylation of Alkenes through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37486251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The construction of silicon-containing molecules has received increasing attention in recent years. Herein, we report the generation of silyl radicals through NHC catalysis under mild reaction conditions. This methodology offers a novel and convenient route to a diverse range of β-silyl ketones with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. Both the radical clock and electrochemical studies are consistent with the hypothesis of ground-state SET, and a plausible mechanism for the organocatalytic transformation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwei Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wanyao Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Deng Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Luqing Lin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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6
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Cai J, Zhang J, Zhou X. Selective Si-C(sp 3) bond cleavage of a silyl-bridged amido alkyl ligand in an yttrium complex. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3807-3814. [PMID: 36866686 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Compared with Si-C(sp2 and sp) bonds bearing neighboring π-bond hyperconjugative interactions, the activation of robust Si-C(sp3) bonds has proved to be a challenge. Herein, two distinct Si-C(sp3) bond cleavages have been realized by rare-earth-mediated and nucleophilic addition of unsaturated substrates. The reactions of TpMe2Y[κ2-(C,N)-CH(SiH2Ph)SiMe2NSiMe3](THF) (1) with CO or CS2 gave two endocyclic Si-C bond cleavage products, TpMe2Y[κ2-(O,N)-OCCH(SiH2Ph)SiMe2NSiMe3](THF) (2) and TpMe2Y[κ2-(S,N)-SSiMe2NSiMe3](THF) (3), respectively. However, 1 reacted with nitriles such as PhCN and p-R'C6H4CH2CN in a 1 : 1 molar ratio to yield the exocyclic Si-C bond products TpMe2Y[κ2-(N,N)-N(SiH2Ph)C(R)CHSiMe2NSiMe3](THF) (R = Ph (4); R = C6H5CH2 (6H); R = p-F-C6H4CH2 (6F); and R = p-MeO-C6H4CH2 (6MeO)), respectively. Moreover, complex 4 can continuously react with an excess of PhCN to form a TpMe2-supported yttrium complex with a novel pendant silylamido-substituted β-diketiminato ligand, TpMe2Y[κ3-(N,N,N)-N(SiH2Ph)C(Ph)CHC(Ph)N-SiMe2NSiMe3](PhCN) (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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7
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Pal PP, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Recent advances in carbosilylation of alkenes and alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2272-2294. [PMID: 36852639 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Alkene and alkyne difunctionalization is a flexible process that allows the construction of two functional groups simultaneously in one step. On the other hand, carbosilylation, an ingenious difunctionalization pathway to concurrently incorporate both a silyl group and an organic functional group (alkyl, (hetero)aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and allenyl) across a carbon-carbon multiple-bond system, is achieving immense interest in recent days. This review article provides a decade's update on the discoveries and developments in the synthesis of carbosilylated products from two very important carbon-carbon unsaturated substrates, alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Paramita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
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8
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Fan X, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Yu J, Xu W, Yan J, Liu H, Lei Z, Ter YC, Chanmungkalakul S, Lum Y, Liu X, Cui G, Wu J. Stepwise on-demand functionalization of multihydrosilanes enabled by a hydrogen-atom-transfer photocatalyst based on eosin Y. Nat Chem 2023; 15:666-676. [PMID: 36894703 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Organosilanes are of vital importance for modern human society, having found widespread applications in functional materials, organic synthesis, drug discovery and life sciences. However, their preparation remains far from trivial, and on-demand synthesis of heteroleptic substituted silicon reagents is a formidable challenge. The generation of silyl radicals from hydrosilanes via direct hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) photocatalysis represents the most atom-, step-, redox- and catalyst-economic pathway for the activation of hydrosilanes. Here, in view of the green characteristics of neutral eosin Y (such as its abundance, low cost, metal-free nature, absorption of visible light and excellent selectivity), we show that using it as a direct HAT photocatalyst enables the stepwise custom functionalization of multihydrosilanes, giving access to fully substituted silicon compounds. By exploiting this strategy, we realize preferable hydrogen abstraction of Si-H bonds in the presence of active C-H bonds, diverse functionalization of hydrosilanes (for example, alkylation, vinylation, allylation, arylation, deuteration, oxidation and halogenation), and remarkably selective monofunctionalization of di- and trihydrosilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Muliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuanjun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiajia Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wengang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianming Yan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Haiwang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhexuan Lei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yan Chong Ter
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Supphachok Chanmungkalakul
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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9
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Ye T, Zhao J, Zheng WX, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang FL. Synthesis of structurally diverse silicon-incorporated indolines via silyl radical-triggered radical cascade reactions. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Structurally diverse silicon-incorporated indolines were synthesized via a silyl radical-triggered radical addition–translocation–cyclization (RATC) process.
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10
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Plöger S, Studer A. Visible-Light-Mediated Radical Silyl-Oximation of Activated Alkenes Using tert-Butyl Nitrite and Silanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8568-8572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Plöger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Arai R, Nagashima Y, Koshikawa T, Tanaka K. Photocatalytic Generations of Secondary and Tertiary Silyl Radicals from Silylboranes Using an Alkoxide Cocatalyst. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 36214474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silyl radicals are valuable species to prepare diverse organosilicon compounds. However, unlike stable tertiary silyl radicals, the use of secondary silyl radicals has been problematic in silylation reactions due to their instability. Here, we present photocatalytic in situ generations of both secondary and tertiary silyl radicals by one-electron oxidation of ate complexes, formed from silylboranes and an alkoxide cocatalyst, achieving highly efficient hydrosilylation and deuterosilylation of electron-rich alkenes and dienes as well as electron-deficient alkenes. The theoretical studies show that anionic borate complexes activated with an alkoxide have lower oxidation potentials than neutral borate complexes, allowing the formation of secondary silyl radicals. The calculated reaction pathways reveal that anionic conditions using the conjugate acid-base pair of NaOEt (cocatalyst) and EtOH (solvent) are the key to expanding the scope of silyl radicals and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Arai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
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12
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Zheng W, Xu Y, Luo H, Feng Y, Zhang J, Lin L. Light-Promoted Arylsilylation of Alkenes with Hydrosilanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7145-7150. [PMID: 36137182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report light-promoted photo/hydrogen atom transfer dual catalysis for arylsilylation of alkenes via the radical-radical cross-coupling with diverse hydrosilanes, which provides a simple and efficient method to prepare various organosilicon compounds with a wide range of substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under transition-metal- and chemical-oxidant-free conditions. Furthermore, the arylsilylation of alkenes can also proceed via the possible electron donor-acceptor complex under exogenous photocatalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyao Zheng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Luo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Feng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiao Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Lin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu W, Liu C, Wang M, Kong W. Modular Synthesis of Multifunctionalized CF 3-Allenes through Selective Activation of Saturated Hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuhan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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14
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Liu K, Studer A. Formal β‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206533. [PMID: 35656716 PMCID: PMC9400853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
α‐C−H‐functionalization of ketones and aldehydes has been intensively explored in organic synthesis. The functionalization of unactivated β‐C−H bonds in such carbonyl compounds is less well investigated and developing a general method for their β‐C−H arylation remains challenging. Herein we report a method that uses cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis for the formal β‐C−H arylation of aldehydes and ketones with (hetero)aryl bromides. The method features mild conditions, remarkable scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the introduced synthetic strategy also allows the β‐alkenylation, β‐alkynylation and β‐acylation of aldehydes under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeds through a single electron oxidation/Ni‐mediated coupling/reductive elimination cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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15
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He T, Qu ZW, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Intermolecular Carbosilylation of α-Olefins with C(sp 3 )-C(sp) Bond Formation Involving Silylium-Ion Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203347. [PMID: 35344257 PMCID: PMC9321976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective addition of alkynylsilanes across unactivated, terminal alkenes is reported. The reaction is initiated by the capture of a sterically unhindered silylium ion by a silylated phenylacetylene derivative to form a bis(silylated) ketene‐like carbocation. This in situ‐generated key intermediate is the actual catalyst that maintains the catalytic cycle by a series of electrophilic addition reactions of silylium ions and β‐silicon‐stabilized carbocations. The computed reaction mechanism is fully consistent with the experimental findings. This unprecedented two‐component carbosilylation establishes a C(sp3)−C(sp) bond and a C(sp3)−Si bond in atom‐economic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Li ZQ, He WJ, Ni HQ, Engle KM. Directed, nickel-catalyzed 1,2-alkylsulfenylation of alkenyl carbonyl compounds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6567-6572. [PMID: 35756518 PMCID: PMC9172569 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01563c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a regioselective, nickel-catalyzed syn-1,2-carbosulfenylation of non-conjugated alkenyl carbonyl compounds with alkyl/arylzinc nucleophiles and tailored N-S electrophiles. This method allows the simultaneous installation of a variety of C(sp3) and S(Ar) (or Se(Ar)) groups onto unactivated alkenes, which complements previously developed 1,2-carbosulfenylation methodology in which only C(sp2) nucleophiles are compatible. A bidentate directing auxiliary controls regioselectivity, promotes high syn-stereoselectivity with a variety of E- and Z-internal alkenes, and enables the use of an array of electrophilic sulfenyl (and seleno) electrophiles. Among compatible electrophiles, those with N-alkyl-benzamide leaving groups were found to be especially effective, as determined through comprehensive structure-reactivity mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Wen-Ji He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla California 92037 USA
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla California 92037 USA
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17
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Liu K, Studer A. Formal β‐C‐H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry and pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Armido Studer
- Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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18
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He T, Qu ZW, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Intermolecular Carbosilylation of α‐Olefins with C(sp3)–C(sp) Bond Formation Involving Silylium‐Ion Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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19
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Huang HM, Bellotti P, Erchinger JE, Paulisch TO, Glorius F. Radical Carbonyl Umpolung Arylation via Dual Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1899-1909. [PMID: 35041782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds lies at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry and is widely applied to construct complex drugs, polymers, and materials. Despite its importance, catalytic carbonyl arylation remains comparatively underdeveloped, due to limited scope and functional group tolerance. Herein we disclose an umpolung strategy to achieve radical carbonyl arylation via dual catalysis. This redox-neutral approach provides a complementary method to construct Grignard-type products from (hetero)aryl bromides and aliphatic aldehydes, without the need for pre-functionalization. A sequential activation, hydrogen-atom transfer, and halogen atom transfer process could directly convert aldehydes to the corresponding ketyl-type radicals, which further react with aryl-nickel intermediates in an overall polarity-reversal process. This radical strategy tolerates─among others─acidic functional groups, heteroaryl motifs, and sterically hindered substrates and has been applied in the late-stage modification of drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Yang X, Gao H, Yan J, Shi L. Recent Progress in Radical-Mediated Si—H Functionalization of Silanes: An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of Organosilanes Containing C—Si Bond. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Xu L, Wang F, Chen F, Zhu S, Chu L. Recent Advances in Photoredox/Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Qu CH, Huang R, Liu Y, Liu T, Song GT. Bromine-radical-induced C sp2–H difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones and hydrazones through visible-light-promoted C sp3–Br bond homolysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromine radicals derived from photo-induced Csp3–Br bond homolysis can mediate H abstraction/imine radical formation from quinoxalinones and hydrazones, which in turn quench the in situ-generated difluoroalkyl radicals to furnish the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hua Qu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Run Huang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Gui-Ting Song
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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23
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Patel M, Desai B, Sheth A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
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24
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Chen Y, Zhu K, Huang Q, Lu Y. Regiodivergent sulfonylarylation of 1,3-enynes via nickel/photoredox dual catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13564-13571. [PMID: 34777776 PMCID: PMC8528021 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04320j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes represents an efficient and versatile approach to rapidly assemble multifunctional propargylic compounds, allenes and 1,3-dienes. Controlling selectivity in such addition reactions has been a long-standing challenging task due to multiple reactive centers resulting from the conjugated structure of 1,3-enynes. Herein, we present a straightforward method for regiodivergent sulfonylarylation of 1,3-enynes via dual nickel and photoredox catalysis. Hinging on the nature of 1,3-enynes, diverse reaction pathways are feasible: synthesis of α-allenyl sulfones via 1,4-sulfonylarylation, or preparation of (E)-1,3-dienyl sulfones with high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity through 3,4-sulfonylarylation. Notably, this is the first example that nickel and photoredox catalysis are merged to achieve efficient and versatile difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
| | - Qingqin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
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25
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Yu X, Daniliuc CG, Alasmary FA, Studer A. Direct Access to α‐Aminosilanes Enabled by Visible‐Light‐Mediated Multicomponent Radical Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fatmah Ali Alasmary
- Chemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Chemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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26
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Yu X, Daniliuc CG, Alasmary FA, Studer A. Direct Access to α-Aminosilanes Enabled by Visible-Light-Mediated Multicomponent Radical Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23335-23341. [PMID: 34432353 PMCID: PMC8596805 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Aminosilanes are an important class of organic compounds that show biological activity. In this communication, a new approach to α-aminosilanes that utilizes photoredox catalysis to enable three-component coupling of organo(tristrimethylsilyl)silanes with feedstock alkylamines and aldehydes is presented. A wide range of highly functionalized α-aminosilanes can be obtained in good yields under mild conditions. Both primary amines and secondary amines are compatible with this transformation. Moreover, optically pure α-aminosilanes are accessible by using chiral amines. Mechanistic studies indicate that reactions proceed through radical/radical cross-coupling of silyl radicals with α-amino alkyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Fatmah Ali Alasmary
- Chemistry DepartmentCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia
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27
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Xing M, Cui H, Zhang C. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Bromides and Chlorosilanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:7645-7649. [PMID: 34551258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel nickel-catalyzed highly selective reductive cross-coupling of alkyl bromides and chlorosilanes to construct the C-Si bond has been developed. Under benign reaction conditions, a series of structurally interesting organosilanes can be accessed without Ni-catalyzed isomerization. The utility of this chemistry is illustrated by further transformations of the product. Moreover, the radical mechanism of the reaction is illustrated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Xing
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China.,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
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28
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Chen Y, Wang J, Lu Y. Decarboxylative 1,4-carbocyanation of 1,3-enynes to access tetra-substituted allenes via copper/photoredox dual catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11316-11321. [PMID: 34667542 PMCID: PMC8447876 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein the first example of merging photoredox catalysis and copper catalysis for radical 1,4-carbocyanations of 1,3-enynes. Alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters are utilized as radical precursors, and the reported mild and redox-neutral protocol has broad substrate scope and remarkable functional group tolerance. This strategy allows for the synthesis of diverse multi-substituted allenes with high chemo- and regio-selectivities, also permitting late stage allenylation of natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou Fujian 350207 China
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29
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Zhang M, Gao S, Tang J, Chen L, Liu A, Sheng S, Zhang AQ. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds via transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective C-H activation and silylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8250-8263. [PMID: 34323898 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This feature article details the progress of transition metal-catalyzed stereoselective sp2 and sp3 C-H activation and silylation in the synthesis of chiral organosilicon compounds, and the asymmetric C-H silylation includes intramolecular cyclizing silylation and intermolecular silylation. The silylating reagents include monohydrosilanes, dihydrosilanes, silacylcobutanes and disilanes. In general, catalytic systems include a transition metal salt as the catalyst and a chiral ligand. No external chiral ligand is required in some cases where the chiral substrates act as the source of chirality. Many kinds of silylated compounds with central, axial, planar, or helical chirality have been constructed via C-H activation by asymmetric rhodium, iridium or palladium catalysis. Some pharmacophores and material building blocks were successfully introduced into the target molecules. Some silylated products proved to be useful in medicinal chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and materials science. Besides reaction development, mechanisms for stereoselective C-H activation and silylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu Campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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30
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Neogi S, Kumar Ghosh A, Mandal S, Ghosh D, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Three-Component Carbosilylation of Alkenes by Merging Iron and Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6510-6514. [PMID: 34379426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild, efficient, and one-pot protocol for three-component carbosilylation of alkenes with imidazoheterocycle and silanes has been developed by merging iron(II) and visible-light photocatalysis. This C-C and C-Si bond-forming method provides functionalized organosilicon derivatives having imidazoheterocycles moieties in good yields. The reaction possibly proceeds through a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Neogi
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Asim Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Saurodeep Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India
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31
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Radical philicity and its role in selective organic transformations. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:486-499. [PMID: 37118440 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical intermediates in organic chemistry lack a full octet of electrons and, thus, are commonly said to be electron deficient. By denotation, such a statement is technically correct; however, in modern literature, the term 'electron deficient' carries a connotation of electrophilicity. This lexical quirk leads one to predict that all radicals should behave as electrophiles, when this is not the case. Indeed, practitioners of radical chemistry have known for decades that many radicals behave as nucleophiles, sometimes strongly so. This Review aims to establish guidelines for understanding radical philicity by highlighting examples from recent literature as a demonstration of general reactivity paradigms across a series of different carbon-based and heteroatom-based radicals. We present strategies for predicting the philicity of a given radical on the basis of qualitative features of the radical's structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of radical philicity to selective hydrogen atom transfer.
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32
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Zheng M, Hou J, Hua L, Tang WY, Zhan LW, Li BD. Visible-Light-Mediated Divergent Silylfunctionalization of Alkenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5128-5132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li−Li Hua
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wan-Ying Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Le-Wu Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bin-Dong Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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33
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Zhou J, Jiang B, Fujihira Y, Zhao Z, Imai T, Shibata N. Catalyst-free carbosilylation of alkenes using silyl boronates and organic fluorides via selective C-F bond activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3749. [PMID: 34145264 PMCID: PMC8213744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A regioselective carbosilylation of alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy to access molecules with functionalized silylated alkanes, by incorporating silyl and carbon groups across an alkene double bond. However, to the best of our knowledge, organic fluorides have never been used in this protocol. Here we disclose the catalyst-free carbosilylation of alkenes using silyl boronates and organic fluorides mediated by tBuOK. The main feature of this transformation is the selective activation of the C-F bond of an organic fluoride by the silyl boronate without undergoing potential side-reactions involving C-O, C-Cl, heteroaryl-CH, and even CF3 groups. Various silylated alkanes with tertiary or quaternary carbon centers that have aromatic, hetero-aromatic, and/or aliphatic groups at the β-position are synthesized in a single step from substituted or non-substituted aryl alkenes. An intramolecular variant of this carbosilylation is also achieved via the reaction of a fluoroarene with a ω-alkenyl side chain and a silyl boronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bingyao Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanori Imai
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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34
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35
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Synergistic Ni/Cu catalyzed migratory arylsilylation of terminal olefins. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:570-577. [PMID: 36654427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of organosilanes from alkenes is a very important topic owing to their wide applications. A Ni/Cu dual metal-catalyzed arylsilylation of terminal alkenes, featuring migratory selectivity, has been developed. A wide diversity of aliphatic silanes have been prepared from terminal alkenes, aryl halides and Suginome's reagent. This protocol is highlighted by excellent regioselectivity, mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance. In addition to benzylic positions, carbon-carbon bonds can also be constructed at allylic positions. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the copper cocatalyst promotes the transmetalation of Suginome's reagent, and the addition of a PyrOx ligand inhibits the formation of side-products from the carbon-Heck pathway. Moreover, studies toward the nature of the PyrOx ligand revealed that the steric hindrance of the oxazoline moiety greatly affects the chain-walking process, but not the arylation step.
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36
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Ke J, Liu W, Zhu X, Tan X, He C. Electrochemical Radical Silyl‐Oxygenation of Activated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8744-8749. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wentan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xujiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xingfa Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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37
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Ke J, Liu W, Zhu X, Tan X, He C. Electrochemical Radical Silyl‐Oxygenation of Activated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wentan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xujiang Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xingfa Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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38
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Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings and developments in the emerging area of photocatalytic silylation with literature coverage mainly extending from 2014 to February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| | - Dipti Lai
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan 731235
- India
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39
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Chen X, Xiao F, He WM. Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various alkene difunctionalization reactions involving nitridization, diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, and nitration are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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40
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Nozawa-Kumada K, Ojima T, Inagi M, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Di-tert-butyl Peroxide (DTBP)-Mediated Oxysilylation of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Silyl Lactones. Org Lett 2020; 22:9591-9596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuto Ojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Moeto Inagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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41
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Jung S, Shin S, Park S, Hong S. Visible-Light-Driven C4-Selective Alkylation of Pyridinium Derivatives with Alkyl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11370-11375. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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42
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Abstract
Progress in Ni/photoredox dual catalysis has enabled the construction of C(sp3)-hybridized centers under extremely mild reaction conditions in the presence of diverse functional groups. These strategies, however, are mainly restricted to the assembly of one C-C or C-heteroatom linkage because of the competitive two-component reactions and facile β-hydride elimination from alkylmetal complexes. Recently, photoinduced nickel-catalyzed 1,2-difunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes have attracted extensive research efforts as they allow the construction of two sequential chemical bonds from inexpensive starting materials in one pot. Herein, we explore recent advances, state the current challenges, and discuss perspectives on the design of new catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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43
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Zhu C, Yue H, Chu L, Rueping M. Recent advances in photoredox and nickel dual-catalyzed cascade reactions: pushing the boundaries of complexity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4051-4064. [PMID: 32864080 PMCID: PMC7424772 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascade reactions that produce multiple chemical bonds in one synthetic operation are important in the efficient construction of complex molecules. In addition, photoredox and nickel dual catalysis opens a new and powerful avenue for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. By combining these two concepts, photoredox and nickel dual-catalyzed cascade reactions have been recently established, and they provide an efficient and mild method for accessing a series of valuable organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials , College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China .
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center , KCC , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , KAUST , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia .
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44
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Kerackian T, Reina A, Bouyssi D, Monteiro N, Amgoune A. Silyl Radical Mediated Cross-Electrophile Coupling of N-Acyl-imides with Alkyl Bromides under Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:2240-2245. [PMID: 32148046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-acyl-imides with unactivated alkyl bromides has been developed that enables efficient access to a variety of functionalized alkyl ketones, including unsymmetrical dialkyl ketones, under very mild and operationally practical conditions. The reaction that operates without the need for any preformed carbon nucleophile proceeds via the combination of two different bond activation processes, i.e. Ni-catalyzed imide activation via C(acyl)-N bond cleavage and (TMS)3Si radical-mediated alkyl halide activation via halogen-atom abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taline Kerackian
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antonio Reina
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 du CNRS, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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