1
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Stout CN, Renata H. Total Synthesis Facilitates In Vitro Reconstitution of the C-S Bond-Forming P450 in Griseoviridin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21815-21823. [PMID: 39042396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Griseoviridin is a group A streptogramin natural product from Streptomyces with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. A hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide, it comprises a 23-membered macrocycle, an embedded oxazole motif, and a macrolactone with a unique ene-thiol linkage. Recent analysis of the griseoviridin biosynthetic gene cluster implicated SgvP, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, in late-stage installation of the critical C-S bond. While genetic and crystallographic experiments provided indirect evidence to support this hypothesis, the exact function of SgvP has never been confirmed biochemically. Herein, we report a convergent total synthesis of pre-griseoviridin, the putative substrate of P450 SgvP and precursor to griseoviridin. Our strategy features concise and rapid assembly of two fragments joined via sequential peptide coupling and Stille macrocyclization. Access to pre-griseoviridin then enabled in vitro validation of SgvP as the C-S bond-forming P450 during griseoviridin biosynthesis, culminating in a nine-step chemoenzymatic synthesis of griseoviridin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter N Stout
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Geers DWT, Gavriel K, Neumann K. Rapid, traceless and facile peptide cyclization enabled by tetrazine-thiol exchange. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3548. [PMID: 37779097 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides offer many advantages compared to their linear counterparts, including prolonged stability within the biological environment and enhanced binding affinity. Typically, peptides are cyclized by forming an amide bond, either on-resin or in solution, through extensive use of orthogonal protecting groups or chemoselective ligation strategies, respectively. Here, we show that the chemoselective tetrazine-thiol exchange is a powerful tool for rapid in situ cyclization of peptides without the need for additional activation reagents or extensive protecting group reshuffling. The reaction between N-terminal sulfide-bearing unsymmetric tetrazines and internal cysteines occurs spontaneously within a mildly acidic environment (pH 6.5) and is of traceless nature. The rapidly available unsymmetric sulfide tetrazine building blocks can be incorporated on resin using standard solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols and are orthogonal to trifluoroacetic acid cleavage conditions. The cyclized peptides display high stability, even when incubated with a large excess of free thiols. Due to its traceless and mild nature, we expect that the tetrazine-thiol exchange will be of high value for the in situ formation of cyclic peptide libraries, thus being applicable in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle W T Geers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina Gavriel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Neumann
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Lv X, Su F, Long H, Lu F, Zeng Y, Liao M, Che F, Wu X, Chi YR. Carbene organic catalytic planar enantioselective macrolactonization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:958. [PMID: 38302464 PMCID: PMC10834540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrolactones exhibit distinct conformational and configurational properties and are widely found in natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Up to now, the major effort for macrolactonization is directed toward identifying suitable carboxylic acid/alcohol coupling reagents to address the challenges associated with macrocyclization, wherein the stereochemistry of products is usually controlled by the substrate's inherent chirality. It remains largely unexplored in using catalysts to govern both macrolactone formation and stereochemical control. Here, we disclose a non-enzymatic organocatalytic approach to construct macrolactones bearing chiral planes from achiral substrates. Our strategy utilizes N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a potent acylation catalyst that simultaneously mediates the macrocyclization and controls planar chirality during the catalytic process. Macrolactones varying in ring sizes from sixteen to twenty members are obtained with good-to-excellent yields and enantiomeric ratios. Our study shall open new avenues in accessing macrolactones with various stereogenic elements and ring structures by using readily available small-molecule catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fengfei Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yukun Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Minghong Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fengrui Che
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of chemistry, chemical engineering, and biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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4
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Garnes-Portolés F, Merino E, Leyva-Pérez A. Mizoroki-Heck Macrocyclization Reactions at 1 M Concentration Catalyzed by Sub-nanometric Palladium Clusters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300200. [PMID: 37115962 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclized organic compounds with more than ten atoms (macrocycles) is traditionally based on reversible reactions under highly diluted conditions, typically <0.05 M, in order to circumvent the formation of intermolecular products. These reaction conditions severely hamper industrial productivity and the use of solid catalysts. Herein, it is shown that the intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction of ω-iodide cinnamates proceeds at 1 M concentration when catalyzed by few-atom Pd clusters, either in solution or supported on a solid, to give different macrocycles in good yields. This paradigmatic increase in reaction concentration not only opens the door for macrocycle production with high throughputs but also enables the use of solid catalysts for a macrocyclization reaction in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Garnes-Portolés
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Facultad de Farmacia, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9.100, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Chatterjee B, Mondal D, Bera S. Macrocyclization Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Amphidinolide Natural Products. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry Nabadwip Vidyasagar College 741302 Nabadwip West Bengal India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat 382030 Gandhinagar Gujarat (India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences Central University of Gujarat 382030 Gandhinagar Gujarat (India
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6
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Song B, Guo X, Yang L, Yu H, Zong X, Liu X, Wang H, Xu Z, Lin Z, Yang W. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H/O 2 Dual Activation and Macrocyclization: Synthesis and Evaluation of Pyrido[2,1-a]isoindole Grafted Macrocyclic Inhibitors for Influenza H1N1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218886. [PMID: 36788706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of environment-friendly, step economic couplings to generate structurally diverse macrocyclic compounds is highly desirable but poses a marked challenge. Inspired by the C-H oxidation mechanism of cytochromes P450, an unprecedented and practical RhIII -catalyzed acylmethylation macrocyclization via C-H/O2 dual activation has been developed by us. The process of macrocyclization is facilitated by a synergic coordination from pyridine and ester group. Interestingly, the reaction mode derives from a three-component coupling which differs from established olefination and alkylation paths. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments revealed the mechanism of this unique C-H/O2 dual activation. The newly achieved acylmethylation macrocyclic products and their derivatives showed a potent anti-H1N1 bioactivity, which may provide an opportunity for the discovery of novel anti-H1N1 macrocyclic leading compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichao Song
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Yang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyue Yu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlei Zong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weibo Yang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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7
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Zhang B, Zheng K, Hong R. Biomimetic Synthesis of Chejuenolides A-C by a Cryptic Lactone-Based Macrocyclization: Stereochemical Implications in Biosynthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:84-92. [PMID: 36712486 PMCID: PMC9881209 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A hypothetical Mannich macrocyclization in the biosynthesis of chejuenolides A-C served as the basis for the synthetic design herein. Using a lactone-based linear precursor constructed via a tactic sequence of aldol-Julia-aldol reactions on a gram scale, the biomimetic total synthesis and structural validation of chejuenolides A-C were successfully achieved for the first time. The β-oxo-δ-lactone unit in the macrocyclized adducts was fragile and readily converted to a series of C2/C18-diastereoisomers via a decarboxylation and protonation pathway. Stereochemical identification of the biosynthetic precursor (O3P2) confirmed structural adherence to the given macrocycles and previously clarified lankacidins. Moreover, the stereovariants of the linear precursor designed for the macrocyclization event highlighted the unparalleled impact of using this biomimetic approach to determine the stereoselectivity in the proposed enzymatic reaction by reviving the lost or unstable intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kuan Zheng
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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8
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Multicomponent coupling and macrocyclization enabled by Rh(III)-catalyzed dual C–H activation: Macrocyclic oxime inhibitor of influenza H1N1. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Fiorito D, Keskin S, Bateman JM, George M, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Bastimolide B Using Iterative Homologation of Boronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7995-8001. [PMID: 35499478 PMCID: PMC9100475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bastimolide B is
a polyhydroxy macrolide isolated from marine cyanobacteria
displaying antimalarial activity. It features a dense array of hydroxylated
stereogenic centers with 1,5-relationships along a hydrocarbon chain.
These 1,5-polyols represent a particularly challenging motif for synthesis,
as the remote position of the stereocenters hampers stereocontrol.
Herein, we present a strategy for 1,5-polyol stereocontrolled synthesis
based on iterative boronic ester homologation with enantiopure magnesium
carbenoids. By merging boronic ester homologation and transition-metal-catalyzed
alkene hydroboration and diboration, the acyclic backbone of bastimolide
B was rapidly assembled from readily available building blocks with
full control over the remote stereocenters, enabling the total synthesis
to be completed in 16 steps (LLS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fiorito
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Selbi Keskin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Joseph M Bateman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Malcolm George
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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10
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Bi T, Xu Y, Xu X, Tang B, Yang Q, Zang Y, Lin Z, Li J, Yang W. Natural scaffolds-inspired synthesis of CF3-substituted macrolides enabled by Rh-catalyzed C–H alkylation macrocyclization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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López R, Palomo C. Planar Chirality: A Mine for Catalysis and Structure Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
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12
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Fritz L, Wienhold S, Hackl S, Bach T. Total Synthesis of Pulvomycin D. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104064. [PMID: 34792826 PMCID: PMC9299864 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to the pulvomycin class of natural products is presented, which culminated in the first synthesis of a pulvomycin, pulvomycin D. Key elements of the strategy include a pivotal aldol reaction which led to bond formation between the C24‐C40 and the C8‐C23 fragment. The remaining C1‐C7 fragment was attached by a Yamaguchi esterification completing the assembly of the 40 carbon atoms within the main skeleton. Ring closure to the 22‐membered lactone ring was achieved in the final stages of the synthesis by a Heck reaction. The completion of the synthesis required the removal of six silyl protecting groups in combination with olefin formation at C26‐C27 by a Peterson elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fritz
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wienhold
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hackl
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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13
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Lopez R, Palomo C. Planar Chirality: A mine for catalysis and structure discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113504. [PMID: 34717037 PMCID: PMC9304569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Planar chirality is one of the most fascinating expressions of chirality, exploited by Nature to lock three-dimensional chiral conformations and, more recently, by chemists to create new chiral reagents, catalysts and functional organic materials. Nevertheless, the shortage of protocols able to induce and secure asymmetry during the generation of these unique chiral entities has dissuaded chemists to exploit their structural properties. This Minireview intends to illustrate the limited but remarkable catalytic methodologies reported for the production of planar chirality in strained molecules and serve as source of inspiration for the development of new unconventional protocols that are expected to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lopez
- University of the Basque Country, Dept. of Organic Chemistry I, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20009, San Sebastán, SPAIN
| | - Claudio Palomo
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco, Department of Organic Chemistry I, SPAIN
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14
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Chirality-matched catalyst-controlled macrocyclization reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113122118. [PMID: 34599107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113122118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles, formally defined as compounds that contain a ring with 12 or more atoms, continue to attract great interest due to their important applications in physical, pharmacological, and environmental sciences. In syntheses of macrocyclic compounds, promoting intramolecular over intermolecular reactions in the ring-closing step is often a key challenge. Furthermore, syntheses of macrocycles with stereogenic elements confer an additional challenge, while access to such macrocycles are of great interest. Herein, we report the remarkable effect peptide-based catalysts can have in promoting efficient macrocyclization reactions. We show that the chirality of the catalyst is essential for promoting favorable, matched transition-state relationships that favor macrocyclization of substrates with preexisting stereogenic elements; curiously, the chirality of the catalyst is essential for successful reactions, even though no new static (i.e., not "dynamic") stereogenic elements are created. Control experiments involving either achiral variants of the catalyst or the enantiomeric form of the catalyst fail to deliver the macrocycles in significant quantity in head-to-head comparisons. The generality of the phenomenon, demonstrated here with a number of substrates, stimulates analogies to enzymatic catalysts that produce naturally occurring macrocycles, presumably through related, catalyst-defined peripheral interactions with their acyclic substrates.
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15
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Force G, Perfetto A, Mayer RJ, Ciofini I, Lebœuf D. Macrolactonization Reactions Driven by a Pentafluorobenzoyl Group**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie Paris-Tech PSL CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS) Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM) 75005 Paris France
| | - Robert J. Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie Paris-Tech PSL CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS) Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM) 75005 Paris France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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16
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Force G, Perfetto A, Mayer RJ, Ciofini I, Lebœuf D. Macrolactonization Reactions Driven by a Pentafluorobenzoyl Group*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19843-19851. [PMID: 34213811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrolactones constitute a privileged class of natural and synthetic products with a broad range of applications in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industry. Despite all the progress made towards their synthesis, notably from seco-acids, a macrolactonization promoter system that is effective, selective, flexible, readily available, and, insofar as possible, compatible with manifold functional groups is still lacking. Herein, we describe a strategy that relies on the formation of a mixed anhydride incorporating a pentafluorophenyl group which, due to its high electronic activation enables a convenient access to macrolactones, macrodiolides and esters with a broad versatility. Kinetic studies and DFT computations were performed to rationalize the reactivity of the pentafluorophenyl group in macrolactonization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie Paris-Tech, PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS), Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie Paris-Tech, PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS), Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Palate KY, Epton RG, Whitwood AC, Lynam JM, Unsworth WP. Synthesis of macrocyclic and medium-sized ring thiolactones via the ring expansion of lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1404-1411. [PMID: 33491715 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A side chain insertion method for the ring expansion of lactams into macrocyclic thiolactones is reported, that can also be incorporated into Successive Ring Expansion (SuRE) sequences. The reactions are less thermodynamically favourable than the analogous lactam- and lactone-forming ring expansion processes (with this notion supported by DFT data), but nonetheless, three complementary protecting group strategies have been developed to enable this challenging transformation to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopas Y Palate
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Ryan G Epton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Zhang W. Heck macrocyclization in natural product total synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1109-1135. [PMID: 33662070 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1981-2020 Heck macrocyclization is a logical extension of the award-winning Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Through covalent linking of two otherwise discrete coupling partners, the resultant chimeric substrate is transformed into a large ring with enhanced rigidity and unique functional group disposition. Pioneered in the early 1980s, this methodology has evolved into a competent option for creating diverse macrocycles. Despite its growing influence, hitherto no systematic survey has ever appeared in the literature. The present review delineates the state-of-the-art of Heck macrocyclization in the context of natural product synthesis. Sixteen selected cases, each examined from a different perspective, coalesce into the view that the title reaction is a viable tool for synthesis-enabled macrocycle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China.
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