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Wen Y, Ding D, Luo MQ, Peng XQ, Wang EY, Wu YH, Zhou SH, Guo J. Rationally Designed Highly Potent NKT Cell Agonists with Different Cytokine Selectivity through Hydrogen-Bond Interaction. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39031770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) and its analogues as powerful agonists for natural killer T (NKT) cell manipulation have received significant attention in immunotherapy and adjuvant development. However, identifying new potent NKT cell agonists, especially those with Th1 selectivity that promote anticancer effects, remains a challenging task. In this work, we introduced a sulfonamide group into the acyl chain of αGalCer to form additional hydrogen bonds to intensify the glycolipid/CD1d interaction. Two compounds GCS-11 and GCS-12 demonstrated remarkable potency while exhibiting different cytokine induction patterns. Compared to αGalCer, the Th1-biased GCS-11 exhibited a 6-fold increase in IFN-γ but not IL-4, while the Th1/2-balanced GCS-12 elicited 7- and 5-fold increase in IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively, in vivo. These findings place them among the most potent NKT cell agonists, with superior antitumor effects. Therefore, hydrogen-bond-involved derivatization could be a powerful strategy to develop potent and polarized NKT cell agonists for various immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Meng-Qiang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - En-Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ye-Hui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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2
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Ueki K, Sueyoshi K, Inuki S, Fujimoto Y. Chemical Synthesis and Molecular Interaction Analysis of α-Galactosyl Ceramide Derivatives as CD1d Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:13-22. [PMID: 36587067 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD1d is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein, responsible for lipid antigen presentation, which presents lipids to natural killer T (NKT) cells. Various CD1d lipid ligands have been reported, including microbial and endogenous glycolipids/phospholipids. Among them, an α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a representative CD1d ligand, is one of the most potent ligands and its derivatives have been developed. In this chapter, the chemistry of α-GalCer and its derivatives are described with an emphasis on their chemical syntheses and molecular interaction analysis with CD1d are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Ueki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kodai Sueyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
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3
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Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Molecular Library of Immunomodulatory α-Galactosylceramides with Fluorous-Tag-Assisted Purification and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities in Regard to IL-2 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113403. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an emerging class of immunomodulatory agents in development for numerous biological applications. Variations in lipid chain length and/or fatty acids in these glycoceramides selectively trigger specific pro-inflammatory responses. Studies that would link a specific function to a structurally distinct α-GalCer rely heavily on the availability of homogeneous and pure materials. To address this need, we report herein a general route to the diversification of the ceramide portion of α-GalCer glycolipids. Our convergent synthesis commences from common building blocks and relies on the Julia–Kocienski olefination as a key step. A cleavable fluorous tag is introduced at the non-reducing end of the sugar that facilitates quick purification of products by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction. The strategy enabled the rapid generation of a focused library of 61 α-GalCer analogs by efficiently assembling various lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, when compared against parent α-GalCer in murine cells, many of these glycolipid variants were found to have iNKT cell stimulating activity similar to or greater than KRN7000. ELISA assaying indicated that glycolipids carrying short fatty N-acyl chains (1fc and 1ga), an unsubstituted (1fh and 1fi) or CF3-substituted phenyl ring at the lipid tail, and a flexible, shorter fatty acyl chain with an aromatic ring (1ge, 1gf, and 1gg) strongly affected the activation of iNKT cells by the glycolipid-loaded antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d. This indicates that the method may benefit the design of structural modifications to potent iNKT cell-binding glycolipids.
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4
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Li YQ, Yan C, Wang XF, Xian MY, Zou GQ, Gao XF, Luo R, Liu Z. A New iNKT-Cell Agonist-Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Elicits Robust Neutralizing Antibody Responses. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2161-2170. [PMID: 36043698 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are essential components of vaccines. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of T cells that function to bridge the innate and adaptive immunities and are capable of mediating strong and rapid responses to a range of diseases, including cancer and infectious disease. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that iNKT cells can help fight viral infection. In particular, iNKT-secreting IL-4 is a key mediator of humoral immunity and has a positive correlation with the levels of neutralizing antibodies. As iNKT cell agonists, αGC glycolipid (α-galactosylceramide, or KRN7000) and its analogues as vaccine adjuvants have begun to provide vaccinologists with a new toolset. Herein we found that a new iNKT-cell agonist αGC-CPOEt elicited a strong cytokine response with increased IL-4 production. Remarkably, after three immunizations, SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc adjuvanted by αGC-CPOEt evoked robust neutralizing antibody responses that were about 5.5-fold more than those induced by αGC/RBD-Fc and 25-fold greater than those induced by unadjuvanted RBD-Fc. These findings imply that αGC-CPOEt could be investigated further as a new COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant to prevent current and future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Mao-Ying Xian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Guo-Qing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
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5
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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Borràs-Tudurí R, Alcaide A, Aspeslag S, Usero L, Serra C, Roura-Mir C, Elewaut D, Llebaria A. New Paradigm in NKT Cell Antigens: MCS-0208 (2-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylthio-phytoceramide) - an Aryl-Phytoceramide Compound with a Single Hydroxyl Group Stimulates NKT Cells. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2491-2496. [PMID: 33821540 PMCID: PMC8453509 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells play an important role in the immune response and can be activated by glycolipids presented by CD1d protein. We present MCS‐0208, an unprecedented arylthioether‐phytoceramide able to induce potent invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation, notably when tested in human iNKT cells. This arylsphingolipid analog has a simple phenyl group containing a single hydroxyl substituent as a surrogate of the sugar ring. The phenylthioether structure contrasts with α‐galactosylceramide (1), the prototypical glycolipid used to induce iNKT cell stimulation, where the galactose 2’‐OH and 3’‐OH substituents are accepted as the minimal footprint and considered critical for NKT T cell receptor (TCR) recognition. A computational study supports the recognition of aromatic compound by the CD1d and TCR proteins as radically new structures for NKT cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Borràs-Tudurí
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alcaide
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Aspeslag
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorena Usero
- Laboratori d'Immunologia Cel⋅lular Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Serra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Roura-Mir
- Laboratori d'Immunologia Cel⋅lular Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Medicinal Chemistry and Synthesis (MCS) Laboratory, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:197-216. [PMID: 37117529 PMCID: PMC7829660 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also less immunogenic and require an adjuvant to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen and potentiate the immune response. Unfortunately, few adjuvants have sufficient potency and low enough toxicity for clinical use, highlighting the urgent need for new, potent and safe adjuvants. Notably, a number of natural and synthetic carbohydrate structures have been used as adjuvants in clinical trials, and two have recently been approved in human vaccines. However, naturally derived carbohydrate adjuvants are heterogeneous, difficult to obtain and, in some cases, unstable. In addition, their molecular mechanisms of action are generally not fully understood, partly owing to the lack of tools to elucidate their immune-potentiating effects, thus hampering the rational development of optimized adjuvants. To address these challenges, modification of the natural product structure using synthetic chemistry emerges as an attractive approach to develop well-defined, improved carbohydrate-containing adjuvants and chemical probes for mechanistic investigation. This Review describes selected examples of natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based adjuvants and their application in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, while also discussing current understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action.
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8
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Painter GF, Burn OK, Hermans IF. Using agonists for iNKT cells in cancer therapy. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:1-6. [PMID: 33340930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to act as an anti-cancer agent in mice through the specific stimulation of type I NKT (iNKT) cells has prompted extensive investigation to translate this finding to the clinic. However, low frequencies of iNKT cells in cancer patients and their hypo-responsiveness to repeated stimulation have been seen as barriers to its efficacy. Currently the most promising clinical application of α-GalCer, or its derivatives, is as stimuli for ex vivo expansion of iNKT cells for adoptive therapy, although some encouraging clinical results have recently been reported using α-GalCer pulsed onto large numbers of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In on-going preclinical studies, attempts to improve efficacy of injected iNKT cell agonists have focussed on optimising presentation in vivo, through encapsulation in particulate vectors, making structural changes that help binding to the presenting molecule CD1d, or injecting agonists covalently attached to recombinant CD1d. Variations on these same approaches are being used to enhance the APC-licencing function of iNKT cells in vivo to induce adaptive immune responses to associated tumour antigens. Looking ahead, a unique capacity of in vivo-activated iNKT cells to facilitate formation of resident memory CD8+ T cells is a new observation that could find a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
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9
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Inuki S, Hirata N, Kashiwabara E, Kishi J, Aiba T, Teratani T, Nakamura W, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Kanai T, Fujimoto Y. Polar functional group-containing glycolipid CD1d ligands modulate cytokine-biasing responses and prevent experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15766. [PMID: 32978421 PMCID: PMC7519074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I-like molecule CD1d is a nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting glycoprotein, and its ligands include glycolipids, such as α-GalCer. The complexes between CD1d and ligands activate natural killer T cells by T cell receptor recognition, leading to the secretion of various cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17A, etc.). Herein, we report structure-activity relationship studies of α-GalCer derivatives containing various functional groups in their lipid acyl chains. Several derivatives have been identified as potent CD1d ligands displaying higher cytokine induction levels and/or unique cytokine polarization. The studies also indicated that flexibility of the lipid moiety can affect the binding affinity, the total cytokine production level and/or cytokine biasing. Based on our immunological evaluation and investigation of physicochemical properties, we chose bisamide- and Bz amide-containing derivatives 2 and 3, and evaluated their in vivo efficacy in a DSS-induced model of ulcerative colitis. The derivative 3 that exhibits Th2- and Th17-biasing responses, demonstrated significant protective effects against intestinal inflammation in the DSS-induced model, after a single intraperitoneal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kojima
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Discovery and Research, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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10
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Ma J, He P, Zhao C, Ren Q, Dong Z, Qiu J, Jing Y, Liu S, Du Y. A Designed α-GalCer Analog Promotes Considerable Th1 Cytokine Response by Activating the CD1d-iNKT Axis and CD11b-Positive Monocytes/Macrophages. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000609. [PMID: 32714765 PMCID: PMC7375225 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective helper T cell 1 (Th1) priming agonists are a promising area of investigation for immunotherapeutic treatment of various diseases. α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000), a well-studied Th1-polarizer, simultaneously induces helper T cell 2 (Th2)-type responses, which is a major drawback for its clinical applications. Based on surflex-docking computation, α-GalCer-diol, with added hydroxyl groups in the acyl chain, is designed and synthesized. Structural analyses reveal stronger affinity between α-GalCer-diol and cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d), leading to enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and self-activation, as reflected by tight binding of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/KRN7000/CD1d ternary complex and elevated production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Consequently, invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are activated and exhibit an improved Th1-type cytokine profile ex vivo and in vivo. Different from KRN7000, α-GalCer-diol markedly boosts the expansion of the CD11b+ subpopulation and enhances IFN-γ content in CD11b+ cells. These reinforced Th1-type responses collectively endow α-GalCer-diol more robust antitumor activity in a xenograft animal model using B16-F10 melanoma cells. Together, the data demonstrate a new mechanism through which α-GalCer-diol induces stronger Th1-type responses by stimulating CD11b+ leukocyte expansion and DC-conducted CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated iNKT activation. Hence, this study may facilitate the development of novel Th1 priming agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangJiangxi330022China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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11
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Arai Y, Torigoe S, Matsumaru T, Yamasaki S, Fujimoto Y. The key entity of a DCAR agonist, phosphatidylinositol mannoside Ac 1PIM 1: its synthesis and immunomodulatory function. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3659-3663. [PMID: 32356529 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ac1PIM1 is a potential biosynthetic intermediate for phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We achieved the first synthesis of Ac1PIM1 by utilizing an allyl-type protecting group strategy and regioselective phosphorylation of inositol. A very potent agonist of an innate immune receptor DCAR, which is better than previously known agonists, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Arai
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University. Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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12
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Inuki S. [Elucidation of Biological Mechanisms Using Synthetic Natural Products and Their Derivatives]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:455-470. [PMID: 32238625 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are useful sources in the search for biochemical probes and drug leads because of their unique biological activities. However, synthetic studies or functional analyses of polycyclic complex natural products or conjugated lipids (e.g., glycolipids) are often hampered because of their synthesis and handling are challenging. On the basis of rational designs, synthetic studies, and chemical modifications, natural products need to be optimized to more potent compounds with improved activities, selectivities and/or physical properties. We have been synthesizing natural products and their derivatives for the elucidation of their biological mechanisms and discovery of drug leads. This review describes three topics for developing functional compounds derived from natural products for prospective involvement in pharmaceutical research: 1) direct construction of the ergot alkaloid scaffold by palladium catalyzed domino cyclization of amino allenes; 2) identification of novel sphingosine kinase inhibitors through a structure-activity relationship study of jaspine B; and 3) design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel CD1d glycolipid ligands containing modified lipid moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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13
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Kishi J, Inuki S, Kashiwabara E, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Fujimoto Y. Design and Discovery of Covalent α-GalCer Derivatives as Potent CD1d Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:353-359. [PMID: 31939653 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD1d is a nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting protein responsible for the regulation of natural killer T (NKT) cell activation. α-Galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000) is the representative CD1d ligand that can bind to the CD1d protein. The resulting complex is recognized by the T cell receptors of the NKT cell, inducing various immune responses. Previous structure-activity relationship studies of α-GalCer have revealed that the ability of NKT cells to induce cytokines depends on the ligand structure, and in particular, ligands that form more stable complexes with CD1d display potent activity. We focused on the Cys residue of the large hydrophobic pockets of CD1d (A' pocket) and developed α-GalCer derivatives containing groups that can form covalent bonds. The assay results revealed that these ligands displayed higher levels of cytokine production and Th2 cell-type cytokine polarization response. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the chloroacetylamide-containing ligand was covalently bound to Cys12 of CD1d, which suggests that the enhanced activities result from the formation of a stable CD1d-ligand complex. To our knowledge, this is the first ligand that allows covalent bond formation to CD1d under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Kishi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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14
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Sarkar B, Mahapa A, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Sugar Vinyl Sulfoxide Glycoconjugation of Peptides and Lysozyme: Abrogation of Proteolysis at the Lysine Sites. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3561-3565. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Hwang YS, Yim J, Song H, Park SB. Improved Th17 Selectivity of α-Galactosylceramide via Noncovalent Interactions with Diether Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:720-725. [PMID: 31097989 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a typical antigen for invariant natural killer T cells that are a subset of T cells and play critical roles in regulating immune responses. To selectively induce the secretion of certain cytokines via introducing hydrogen-bonding interaction with polar amino acid residues in the binding pocket of CD1d, a series of α-GalCer analogues with diether moiety in the acyl chain were designed and synthesized. The subsequent in vitro biological evaluation of these analogues revealed the structure-activity relationship for the selective IL-17 secretion. Analogues 5 and 6 induced the significantly increased IL-17 secretion over other cytokines, suggesting protective effects against pathogens. In contrast, analogue 7 showed the highly reduced IL-17 secretion, which may indicate potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Soo Hwang
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyeong Yim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heebum Song
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Kim H, Song H, Park JG, Lee DS, Park SB. Development of α-GalCer Analogues with an α-Fluorocarbonyl Moiety as Th2-Selective Ligands of CD1d. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:773-779. [PMID: 31097998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of α-GalCer analogues containing an α-fluorocarbonyl moiety at the terminal position of the acyl chain were designed for targeting polar residues in the hydrophobic cavity of CD1d using a structure-based approach. The acyl chain length was efficiently adjusted by an asymmetric alkyne-alkyne cross coupling strategy, and the newly synthesized α-GalCer analogues showed the high Th2-selective activity of iNKT cells. The biased activity of ligands could be caused by the hydrogen-bonding interaction between ligands and CD1d according to the Th2-selective cytokine secretion and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heebum Song
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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17
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Structure-activity relationship studies of Bz amide-containing α-GalCer derivatives as natural killer T cell modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:970-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Inuki S, Miyagawa T, Oishi S, Ohno H. Introduction of a Polar Functional Group to the Lipid Tail of 4- epi-Jaspine B Affects Sphingosine Kinase Isoform Selectivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:866-872. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | | | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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19
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Matter H, Güssregen S. Characterizing hydration sites in protein-ligand complexes towards the design of novel ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2343-2352. [PMID: 29880400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water is an essential part of protein binding sites and mediates interactions to ligands. Its displacement by ligand parts affects the free binding energy of resulting protein-ligand complexes. Therefore the characterization of solvation properties is important for design. Of particular interest is the propensity of localized water to be favorably displaced by a ligand. This review discusses two popular computational approaches addressing these questions, namely WaterMap based on statistical mechanics analysis of MD simulations and 3D RISM based on integral equation theory of liquids. The theoretical background and recent applications in structure-based design will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Matter
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD), Synthetic Molecular Design, Building G838, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Stefan Güssregen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD), Synthetic Molecular Design, Building G838, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Inuki S, Kashiwabara E, Hirata N, Kishi J, Nabika E, Fujimoto Y. Potent Th2 Cytokine Bias of Natural Killer T Cell by CD1d Glycolipid Ligands: Anchoring Effect of Polar Groups in the Lipid Component. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirata
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Etsuko Nabika
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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21
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Inuki S, Kashiwabara E, Hirata N, Kishi J, Nabika E, Fujimoto Y. Potent Th2 Cytokine Bias of Natural Killer T Cell by CD1d Glycolipid Ligands: Anchoring Effect of Polar Groups in the Lipid Component. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9655-9659. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Inuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Emi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Natsumi Hirata
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kishi
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Etsuko Nabika
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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22
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Arai Y, Inuki S, Fujimoto Y. Site-specific effect of polar functional group-modification in lipids of TLR2 ligands for modulating the ligand immunostimulatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1638-1641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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