1
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Ma B, Chen H, Gong J, Liu W, Wei X, Zhang Y, Li X, Li M, Wang Y, Shang S, Tian B, Li Y, Wang R, Tan Z. Enhancing Protein Solubility via Glycosylation: From Chemical Synthesis to Machine Learning Predictions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3001-3010. [PMID: 38598264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a valuable tool for modulating protein solubility; however, the lack of reliable research strategies has impeded efficient progress in understanding and applying this modification. This study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the solubility of a model glycoprotein molecule, the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), through a two-stage process. In the first stage, an approach involving chemical synthesis, comparative analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations of a library of glycoforms was employed to elucidate the effect of different glycosylation patterns on solubility and the key factors responsible for the effect. In the second stage, a predictive mathematical formula, innovatively harnessing machine learning algorithms, was derived to relate solubility to the identified key factors and accurately predict the solubility of the newly designed glycoforms. Demonstrating feasibility and effectiveness, this two-stage approach offers a valuable strategy for advancing glycosylation research, especially for the discovery of glycoforms with increased solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hedi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinyuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yani Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Shang
- Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boxue Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Chemical Engineering College, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Zhang YW, Lin NP, Guo X, Szabo-Fresnais N, Ortoleva PJ, Chou DHC. Omniligase-1-Mediated Phage-Peptide Library Modification and Insulin Engineering. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:506-515. [PMID: 38266161 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemical and enzymatic modifications of peptide-displayed libraries have been successfully employed to expand the phage display library. However, the requirement of specific epitopes and scaffolds has limited the scope of protein engineering using phage display. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing omniligase-1-mediated selective and specific ligation on the phage pIII protein, offering a high conversion rate and compatibility with commercially available phage libraries. We applied this method to perform high-throughput engineering of insulin analogues with randomized B chain C-terminal regions. Insulin analogues with different B chain C-terminal segments were selected and exhibited biological activity equivalent to that of human insulin. Molecular dynamics studies of insulin analogues revealed a novel interaction between the insulin B27 residue and insulin receptor L1 domain. In summary, our findings highlight the potential of omniligase-1-mediated phage display in the development and screening of disulfide-rich peptides and proteins. This approach holds promise for the creation of novel insulin analogues with enhanced therapeutic properties and exhibits potential for the development of other therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wolf Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nai-Pin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicolas Szabo-Fresnais
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Peter J Ortoleva
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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3
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Nguyen TTK, Pham KY, Yook S. Engineered therapeutic proteins for sustained-release drug delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:131-154. [PMID: 37717712 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a vital role in diverse biological processes in the human body, and protein therapeutics have been applied to treat different diseases such as cancers, genetic disorders, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Protein therapeutics have demonstrated their advantages, such as specific pharmaceutical effects, low toxicity, and strong solubility. However, several disadvantages arise in clinical applications, including short half-life, immunogenicity, and low permeation, leading to reduced drug effectiveness. The structure of protein therapeutics can be modified to increase molecular size, leading to prolonged stability and increased plasma half-life. Notably, the controlled-release delivery systems for the sustained release of protein drugs and preserving the stability of cargo proteins are envisioned as a potential approach to overcome these challenges. In this review, we summarize recent research progress related to structural modifications (PEGylation, glycosylation, poly amino acid modification, and molecular biology-based strategies) and promising long-term delivery systems, such as polymer-based systems (injectable gel/implants, microparticles, nanoparticles, micro/nanogels, functional polymers), lipid-based systems (liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers), and inorganic nanoparticles exploited for protein therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight recent advances concerning modifying proteins directly to enhance their stability and functionality and discuss state-of-the-art methods for the delivery and controlled long-term release of active protein therapeutics to their target site. In terms of drug modifications, four widely used strategies, including PEGylation, poly amino acid modification, glycosylation, and genetic, are discussed. As for drug delivery systems, we emphasize recent progress relating to polymer-based systems, lipid-based systems developed, and inorganic nanoparticles for protein sustained-release delivery. This review points out the areas requiring focused research attention before the full potential of protein therapeutics for human health and disease can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Khang-Yen Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Chen M, Ma A, Sun Z, Xie B, Shi L, Chen S, Chen L, Xiong G, Wang L, Wu W. Enhancing activity of food protein-derived peptides: An overview of pretreatment, preparation, and modification methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4698-4733. [PMID: 37732471 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Food protein-derived peptides have garnered considerable attention due to their potential bioactivities and functional properties. However, the limited activity poses a challenge in effective utilization aspects. To overcome this hurdle, various methods have been explored to enhance the activity of these peptides. This comprehensive review offers an extensive overview of pretreatment, preparation methods, and modification strategies employed to augment the activity of food protein-derived peptides. Additionally, it encompasses a discussion on the current status and future prospects of bioactive peptide applications. The review also addresses the standardization of mass production processes and safety considerations for bioactive peptides while examining the future challenges and opportunities associated with these compounds. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable guide for researchers in the food industry, offering insights and recommendations to optimize the production process of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bijun Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangquan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Rocamora F, Peralta AG, Shin S, Sorrentino J, Wu MYM, Toth EA, Fuerst TR, Lewis NE. Glycosylation shapes the efficacy and safety of diverse protein, gene and cell therapies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108206. [PMID: 37354999 PMCID: PMC11168894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, therapeutic proteins have had widespread success in treating a myriad of diseases. Glycosylation, a near universal feature of this class of drugs, is a critical quality attribute that significantly influences the physical properties, safety profile and biological activity of therapeutic proteins. Optimizing protein glycosylation, therefore, offers an important avenue to developing more efficacious therapies. In this review, we discuss specific examples of how variations in glycan structure and glycoengineering impacts the stability, safety, and clinical efficacy of protein-based drugs that are already in the market as well as those that are still in preclinical development. We also highlight the impact of glycosylation on next generation biologics such as T cell-based cancer therapy and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Rocamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo G Peralta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James Sorrentino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mina Ying Min Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A Toth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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6
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Gorai B, Vashisth H. Structural models of viral insulin-like peptides and their analogs. Proteins 2023; 91:62-73. [PMID: 35962629 PMCID: PMC9772067 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR), the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), and the insulin/IGF1 hybrid receptors (hybR) are homologous transmembrane receptors. The peptide ligands, insulin and IGF1, exhibit significant structural homology and can bind to each receptor via site-1 and site-2 residues with distinct affinities. The variants of the Iridoviridae virus family show capability in expressing single-chain insulin/IGF1 like proteins, termed viral insulin-like peptides (VILPs), which can stimulate receptors from the insulin family. The sequences of VILPs lacking the central C-domain (dcVILPs) are known, but their structures in unbound and receptor-bound states have not been resolved to date. We report all-atom structural models of three dcVILPs (dcGIV, dcSGIV, and dcLCDV1) and their complexes with the receptors (μIR, μIGF1R, and μhybR), and probed the peptide/receptor interactions in each system using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Based on the nonbonded interaction energies computed between each residue of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) and the receptors, we provide details on residues establishing significant interactions. The observed site-1 insulin/μIR interactions are consistent with previous experimental studies, and a residue-level comparison of interactions of peptides (insulin and dcVILPs) with the receptors revealed that, due to sequence differences, dcVILPs also establish some interactions distinct from those between insulin and IR. We also designed insulin analogs and report enhanced interactions between some analogs and the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Gorai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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7
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Hsu WT, Ramirez DA, Sammakia T, Tan Z, Shirts MR. Identifying signatures of proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity in O-glycosylated insulin using molecular simulation. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:313-328. [PMID: 35507105 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin has been commonly adopted as a peptide drug to treat diabetes as it facilitates the uptake of glucose from the blood. The development of oral insulin remains elusive over decades owing to its susceptibility to the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and poor permeability through the intestinal epithelium upon dimerization. Recent experimental studies have revealed that certain O-linked glycosylation patterns could enhance insulin's proteolytic stability and reduce its dimerization propensity, but understanding such phenomena at the molecular level is still difficult. To address this challenge, we proposed and tested several structural determinants that could potentially influence insulin's proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity. We used these metrics to assess the properties of interest from [Formula: see text] aggregate molecular dynamics of each of 12 targeted insulin glyco-variants from multiple wild-type crystal structures. We found that glycan-involved hydrogen bonds and glycan-dimer occlusion were useful metrics predicting the proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity of insulin, respectively, as was in part the solvent-accessible surface area of proteolytic sites. However, other plausible metrics were not generally predictive. This work helps better explain how O-linked glycosylation influences the proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity of insulin, illuminating a path towards rational molecular design of insulin glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Dominique A Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Tarek Sammakia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Michael R Shirts
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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9
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Current advances and future prospects in production of recombinant insulin and other proteins to treat diabetes mellitus. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:643-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03247-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dammen-Brower K, Epler P, Zhu S, Bernstein ZJ, Stabach PR, Braddock DT, Spangler JB, Yarema KJ. Strategies for Glycoengineering Therapeutic Proteins. Front Chem 2022; 10:863118. [PMID: 35494652 PMCID: PMC9043614 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all therapeutic proteins are glycosylated, with the carbohydrate component playing a long-established, substantial role in the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of this dominant category of drugs. In the past few years and moving forward, glycosylation is increasingly being implicated in the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic proteins. This article provides illustrative examples of drugs that have already been improved through glycoengineering including cytokines exemplified by erythropoietin (EPO), enzymes (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1, ENPP1), and IgG antibodies (e.g., afucosylated Gazyva®, Poteligeo®, Fasenra™, and Uplizna®). In the future, the deliberate modification of therapeutic protein glycosylation will become more prevalent as glycoengineering strategies, including sophisticated computer-aided tools for “building in” glycans sites, acceptance of a broad range of production systems with various glycosylation capabilities, and supplementation methods for introducing non-natural metabolites into glycosylation pathways further develop and become more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Dammen-Brower
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paige Epler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stanley Zhu
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zachary J. Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul R. Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Demetrios T. Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Yarema,
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11
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Ludwig SD, Bernstein ZJ, Agatemor C, Dammen-Brower K, Ruffolo J, Rosas JM, Post JD, Cole RN, Yarema KJ, Spangler JB. A versatile design platform for glycoengineering therapeutic antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2095704. [PMID: 35815437 PMCID: PMC9272841 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2095704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of glycosylation patterns, i.e., glycoengineering, is incorporated in the therapeutic antibody development workflow to ensure clinical safety, and this approach has also been used to modulate the biological activities, functions, or pharmacological properties of antibody drugs. Whereas most existing glycoengineering strategies focus on the canonical glycans found in the constant domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, we report a new strategy to leverage the untapped potential of atypical glycosylation patterns in the variable domains, which naturally occur in 15% to 25% of IgG antibodies. Glycosylation sites were added to the antigen-binding regions of two functionally divergent, interleukin-2-binding monoclonal antibodies. We used computational tools to rationally install various N-glycosylation consensus sequences into the antibody variable domains, creating "glycovariants" of these molecules. Strikingly, almost all the glycovariants were successfully glycosylated at their newly installed N-glycan sites, without reduction of the antibody's native function. Importantly, certain glycovariants exhibited modified activities compared to the parent antibody, showing the potential of our glycoengineering strategy to modulate biological function of antibodies involved in multi-component receptor systems. Finally, when coupled with a high-flux sialic acid precursor, a glycovariant with two installed glycosylation sites demonstrated superior in vivo half-life. Collectively, these findings validate a versatile glycoengineering strategy that introduces atypical glycosylation into therapeutic antibodies in order to improve their efficacy and, in certain instances, modulate their activity early in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D. Ludwig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary J. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kris Dammen-Brower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ruffolo
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonah M. Rosas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Post
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Lv S. Research fronts of Chemical Biology. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have witnessed substantially increasing and ever-growing interests and efforts in Chemical Biology studies, thanks to the development of genome and epi-genome sequencing (revealing potential drug targets), synthetic chemistry (producing new medicines), bioorthogonal chemistry (chemistry in living systems) and high-throughput screening technologies (in vitro cell systems, protein binding assays and phenotypic assays). This report presents literature search results for current research in Chemical Biology, to explore basic principles, summarize recent advances, identify key challenges, and provide suggestions for future research (with a focus on Chemical Biology in the context of human health and diseases). Chemical Biology research can positively contribute to delivering a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that accompany pathology underlying diseases, as well as developing improved methods for diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapeutic delivery. While much progress has been made, as shown in this report, there are still further needs and opportunities. For instance, pressing challenges still exist in selecting appropriate targets in biological systems and adopting more rational design strategies for the development of innovative and sustainable diagnostic technologies and medical treatments. Therefore, more than ever, researchers from different disciplines need to collaborate to address the challenges in Chemical Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , , China
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13
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Facile synthesis of insulin fusion derivatives through sortase A ligation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2719-2725. [PMID: 34589392 PMCID: PMC8463260 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin derivatives such as insulin detemir and insulin degludec are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved long-acting insulin currently used by millions of people with diabetes. These derivatives are modified in C-terminal B29 lysine to retain insulin bioactivity. New and efficient methods for facile synthesis of insulin derivatives may lead to new discovery of therapeutic insulin. Herein, we report a new method using sortase A (SrtA)-mediated ligation for the synthesis of insulin derivatives with high efficiency and functional group tolerance in the C-terminal B chain. This new insulin molecule (Ins-SA) with an SrtA-recognizing motif can be conjugated to diverse groups with N-terminal oligoglycines to generate new insulin derivatives. We further demonstrated that a new insulin derivative synthesized by this SrtA-mediated ligation shows strong cellular and in vivo bioactivity. This enzymatic method can therefore be used for future insulin design and development.
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Key Words
- Alb, albumin
- Albumin-binding peptide SA21
- Boc, tert-butyloxycarbonyl
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DIEA, N,N-diisopropylethylamine
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DOI, desoctapeptide (B23−30) insulin
- Diabetes mellitus
- EDT, 1,2-ethanedithiol
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fmoc, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- HATU, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate
- HBTU, O-(benxontriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HTRF, homogeneous time resolved fluorescence
- IR-B, human insulin receptor isoform B
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Insulin synthesis
- LC‒MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- Long-acting insulin
- Mtt, 4-methyltrityl
- NBD-X, 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoic acid
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sortase A (SrtA) ligation
- SrtA, sortase A
- THF, triflouroacetic acid
- TIS, triisoproylsilane
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- pAkt, phosphorylated protein kinase B
- t-Bu, tert-butyl
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14
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Chandrashekar C, Hossain MA, Wade JD. Chemical Glycosylation and Its Application to Glucose Homeostasis-Regulating Peptides. Front Chem 2021; 9:650025. [PMID: 33912539 PMCID: PMC8072350 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.650025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins are attractive targets for therapeutic drug development due to their exquisite target specificity and low toxicity profiles. However, their complex structures give rise to several challenges including solubility, stability, aggregation, low bioavailability, and poor pharmacokinetics. Numerous chemical strategies to address these have been developed including the introduction of several natural and non-natural modifications such as glycosylation, lipidation, cyclization and PEGylation. Glycosylation is considered to be one of the most useful modifications as it is known to contribute to increasing the stability, to improve solubility, and increase the circulating half-lifves of these biomolecules. However, cellular glycosylation is a highly complex process that generally results in heterogenous glycan structures which confounds quality control and chemical and biological assays. For this reason, much effort has been expended on the development of chemical methods, including by solid phase peptide synthesis or chemoenzymatic processes, to enable the acquisition of homogenous glycopeptides to greatly expand possibilities in drug development. In this mini-review, we highlight the importance of such chemical glycosylation methods for improving the biophysical properties of naturally non-glycosylated peptides as applied to the therapeutically essential insulin and related peptides that are used in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Chandrashekar
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Chemical (neo)glycosylation of biological drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:62-76. [PMID: 33548302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological drugs, specifically proteins and peptides, are a privileged class of medicinal agents and are characterized with high specificity and high potency of therapeutic activity. However, biologics are fragile and require special care during storage, and are often modified to optimize their pharmacokinetics in terms of proteolytic stability and blood residence half-life. In this review, we showcase glycosylation as a method to optimize biologics for storage and application. Specifically, we focus on chemical glycosylation as an approach to modify biological drugs. We present case studies that illustrate the success of this methodology and specifically address the highly important question: does connectivity within the glycoconjugate have to be native or not? We then present the innovative methods of chemical glycosylation of biologics and specifically highlight the emerging and established protecting group-free methodologies of glycosylation. We discuss thermodynamic origins of protein stabilization via glycosylation, and analyze in detail stabilization in terms of proteolytic stability, aggregation upon storage and/or heat treatment. Finally, we present a case study of protein modification using sialic acid-containing glycans to avoid hepatic clearance of biological drugs. This review aims to spur interest in chemical glycosylation as a facile, powerful tool to optimize proteins and peptides as medicinal agents.
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16
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Prabhu SK, Yang Q, Tong X, Wang LX. Exploring a combined Escherichia coli-based glycosylation and in vitro transglycosylation approach for expression of glycosylated interferon alpha. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:116037. [PMID: 33515919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conventional use of E. coli system for protein expression is limited to non-glycosylated proteins. While yeast, insect and mammalian systems are available to produce heterologous glycoproteins, developing an engineered E. coli-based glycosylation platform will provide a faster, more economical, and more convenient alternative. In this work, we present a two-step approach for production of a homogeneously glycosylated eukaryotic protein using the E. coli expression system. Human interferon α-2b (IFNα) is used as a model protein to illustrate this glycosylation scheme. In the first step, the N-glycosyltransferase from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (ApNGT) is co-expressed for in vivo transfer of a glucose residue to IFNα at an NX(S/T) N-glycosylation sequon. Several E. coli systems were examined to evaluate the efficiency of IFNα N-glucosylation. In the second step, the N-glucosylated protein is efficiently elaborated with biantennary sialylated complex-type N-glycan using an in vitro chemoenzymatic method. The N-glycosylated IFNα product was found to be biologically active and displayed significantly improved proteolytic stability. This work presents a feasible E. coli-based glycosylation machinery for producing therapeutic eukaryotic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Kiran Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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17
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Stabach PR, Zimmerman K, Adame A, Kavanagh D, Saeui CT, Agatemor C, Gray S, Cao W, De La Cruz EM, Yarema KJ, Braddock DT. Improving the Pharmacodynamics and In Vivo Activity of ENPP1-Fc Through Protein and Glycosylation Engineering. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:362-372. [PMID: 33064927 PMCID: PMC7877847 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme replacement with ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phospodiesterase‐1 (ENPP1) eliminates mortality in a murine model of the lethal calcification disorder generalized arterial calcification of infancy. We used protein engineering, glycan optimization, and a novel biomanufacturing platform to enhance potency by using a three‐prong strategy. First, we added new N‐glycans to ENPP1; second, we optimized pH‐dependent cellular recycling by protein engineering of the Fc neonatal receptor; finally, we used a two‐step process to improve sialylation by first producing ENPP1‐Fc in cells stably transfected with human α‐2,6‐sialyltransferase (ST6) and further enhanced terminal sialylation by supplementing production with 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc. These steps sequentially increased the half‐life of the parent compound in rodents from 37 hours to ~ 67 hours with an added N‐glycan, to ~ 96 hours with optimized pH‐dependent Fc recycling, to ~ 204 hours when the therapeutic was produced in ST6‐overexpressing cells with 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc supplementation. The alterations were demonstrated to increase drug potency by maintaining efficacious levels of plasma phosphoanhydride pyrophosphate in ENPP1‐deficient mice when the optimized biologic was administered at a 10‐fold lower mass dose less frequently than the parent compound—once every 10 days vs. 3 times a week. We believe these improvements represent a general strategy to rationally optimize protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristin Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aaron Adame
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dillon Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn Gray
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrios T Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Ma B, Guan X, Li Y, Shang S, Li J, Tan Z. Protein Glycoengineering: An Approach for Improving Protein Properties. Front Chem 2020; 8:622. [PMID: 32793559 PMCID: PMC7390894 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural proteins are an important source of therapeutic agents and industrial enzymes. While many of them have the potential to be used as highly effective medical treatments for a wide range of diseases or as catalysts for conversion of a range of molecules into important product types required by modern society, problems associated with poor biophysical and biological properties have limited their applications. Engineering proteins with reduced side-effects and/or improved biophysical and biological properties is therefore of great importance. As a common protein modification, glycosylation has the capacity to greatly influence these properties. Over the past three decades, research from many disciplines has established the importance of glycoengineering in overcoming the limitations of proteins. In this review, we will summarize the methods that have been used to glycoengineer proteins and briefly discuss some representative examples of these methods, with the goal of providing a general overview of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Shiying Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Kabotso DEK, Smiley D, Mayer JP, Gelfanov VM, Perez-Tilve D, DiMarchi RD, Pohl NLB, Liu F. Addition of Sialic Acid to Insulin Confers Superior Physical Properties and Bioequivalence. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6134-6143. [PMID: 32406685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Native insulin is susceptible to biophysical aggregation and fibril formation, promoted by manual agitation and elevated temperatures. The safety of the drug and its application to alternative forms of administration could be enhanced through the identification of chemical modifications that strengthen its physical stability without compromising its biological properties. Complex polysialic acids (PSAs) exist naturally and provide a means to enhance the physical properties of peptide therapeutics. A set of insulin analogues site-specifically derivatized with sialic acid were prepared in an overall yield of 50-60%. Addition of a single or multiple sialic acids conferred remarkable enhancement to the biophysical stability of human insulin while maintaining its potency. The time to the onset of fibrillation was extended by more than 10-fold relative to that of the native hormone. These results demonstrate that simplified sialic acid conjugates represent a viable alternative to complex natural PSAs in increasing the stability of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E K Kabotso
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31 Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.,Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David Smiley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John P Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vasily M Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Indianapolis Research Center, 5225 Exploration Dr., Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati-College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, 530 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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20
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Zheng N, Karra P, VandenBerg MA, Kim JH, Webber MJ, Holland WL, Chou DHC. Synthesis and Characterization of an A6-A11 Methylene Thioacetal Human Insulin Analogue with Enhanced Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11437-11443. [PMID: 31804076 PMCID: PMC7217704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has been a life-saving drug for millions of people with diabetes. However, several challenges exist which limit therapeutic benefits and reduce patient convenience. One key challenge is the fibrillation propensity, which necessitates refrigeration for storage. To address this limitation, we chemically synthesized and evaluated a methylene thioacetal human insulin analogue (SCS-Ins). The synthesized SCS-Ins showed enhanced serum stability and aggregation resistance while retaining bioactivity compared with native insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Prasoona Karra
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Michael A. VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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21
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Hossain MA, Okamoto R, Karas JA, Praveen P, Liu M, Forbes BE, Wade JD, Kajihara Y. Total Chemical Synthesis of a Nonfibrillating Human Glycoinsulin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1164-1169. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | | | | | | | - Briony E. Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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22
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Katayama H, Nagasawa H. Chemical synthesis of N-glycosylated insulin-like androgenic gland factor from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3215. [PMID: 31515898 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crustacean insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, a heterodimeric peptide having both four disulfide bonds and an N-linked glycan, was synthesized by the combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and the regioselective disulfide formation reactions. The disulfide isomer of IAG could also be synthesized by the same manner. The conformational analysis of these peptides by circular dichroism (CD) spectral measurement indicated that the disulfide bond arrangement affected the peptide conformation in IAG. On the other hand, the N-linked glycan attached at A chain showed no effect on CD spectra of IAG. This is the first report for the chemical synthesis of insulin-like heterodimeric glycopeptide having three interchain disulfides, and the synthetic strategy shown here might be useful for the synthesis of other glycosylated four-disulfide insulin-like peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Bello C, Rovero P, Papini AM. Just a spoonful of sugar: Short glycans affect protein properties and functions. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3167. [PMID: 30924227 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation has a strong impact on the chemical and physical properties of proteins and on their activity. The heterogeneous nature of this modification complicates the elucidation of the role of each glycan, thus slowing down the progress in glycobiology. Nevertheless, the great advances recently made in protein engineering and in the chemical synthesis, and semisynthesis of glycoproteins are giving impulse to the field, fostering important discoveries. In this review, we report on the findings of the last two decades on the importance that the attachment site, linkage, and composition of short glycans have in affecting protein properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,PeptLab@UCP Platform and Laboratory of Chemical Biology EA4505, University Paris-Seine, Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France
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24
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Li Y, Tran AH, Danishefsky SJ, Tan Z. Chemical biology of glycoproteins: From chemical synthesis to biological impact. Methods Enzymol 2019; 621:213-229. [PMID: 31128780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of chemical synthesis for the production of homogeneously glycosylated protein forms (glycoforms). By taking advantage of the unmatchable flexibility and precision provided by chemical synthesis, the quantitative effects of glycosylation were obtained using chemical glycobiology approaches. These findings greatly advanced our fundamental knowledge of glycosylation. More importantly, analysis of these findings has led to the development of glycoengineering guidelines for rationally improving the properties of peptides and proteins. In this chapter, we present the key experimental steps for chemical biology studies of protein glycosylation, with the aim of facilitating and promoting research in this important but significantly underexplored area of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohao Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Amy H Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Samuel J Danishefsky
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States.
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25
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26
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Chaffey PK, Guan X, Li Y, Tan Z. Using Chemical Synthesis To Study and Apply Protein Glycosylation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:413-428. [PMID: 29309128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and can influence many properties of proteins. Abnormal protein glycosylation can lead to protein malfunction and serious disease. While appreciation of glycosylation's importance is growing in the scientific community, especially in recent years, a lack of homogeneous glycoproteins with well-defined glycan structures has made it difficult to understand the correlation between the structure of glycoproteins and their properties at a quantitative level. This has been a significant limitation on rational applications of glycosylation and on optimizing glycoprotein properties. Through the extraordinary efforts of chemists, it is now feasible to use chemical synthesis to produce collections of homogeneous glycoforms with systematic variations in amino acid sequence, glycosidic linkage, anomeric configuration, and glycan structure. Such a technical advance has greatly facilitated the study and application of protein glycosylation. This Perspective highlights some representative work in this research area, with the goal of inspiring and encouraging more scientists to pursue the glycosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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27
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Chen H, Feng W, Wei X, Yang LM, Ruan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Barosh KB, Tran AH, Zhu J, Liang W, Zheng YT, Wang X, Tan Z. O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. Biochemistry 2017; 57:136-148. [PMID: 29202246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Patrick K Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kimberly B Barosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Amy H Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jaimie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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