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Seligmann B, Liu S, Franke J. Chemical tools for unpicking plant specialised metabolic pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 80:102554. [PMID: 38820646 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the biochemical pathways of specialised metabolites in plants is key to enable or improve their sustainable biotechnological production. Chemical tools can greatly facilitate the discovery of biosynthetic genes and enzymes. Here, we summarise transdisciplinary approaches where methods from chemistry and chemical biology helped to overcome key challenges of pathway elucidation. Based on recent examples, we describe how state-of-the-art isotope labelling experiments can guide the selection of biosynthetic gene candidates, how affinity-based probes enable the identification of novel enzymes, how semisynthesis can improve the availability of elusive pathway intermediates, and how biomimetic reactions provide a better understanding of inherent chemical reactivity. We anticipate that a wider application of such chemical methods will accelerate the pace of pathway elucidation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Seligmann
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shenyu Liu
- Leibniz University Hannover, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; Leibniz University Hannover, Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Huang Q, Zhang X, Guo Z, Fu X, Zhao Y, Kang Q, Bai L. Biosynthesis of ansamitocin P-3 incurs stress on the producing strain Actinosynnema pretiosum at multiple targets. Commun Biol 2023; 6:860. [PMID: 37596387 PMCID: PMC10439133 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial bioactive natural products mediate ecologically beneficial functions to the producing strains, and have been widely used in clinic and agriculture with clearly defined targets and underlying mechanisms. However, the physiological effects of their biosynthesis on the producing strains remain largely unknown. The antitumor ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum ATCC 31280, was found to repress the growth of the producing strain at high concentration and target the FtsZ protein involved in cell division. Previous work suggested the presence of additional cryptic targets of AP-3 in ATCC 31280. Herein we use chemoproteomic approach with an AP-3-derived photoaffinity probe to profile the proteome-wide interactions of AP-3. AP-3 exhibits specific bindings to the seemingly unrelated deoxythymidine diphosphate glucose-4,6-dehydratase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase, which are involved in cell wall assembly, central carbon metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, respectively. AP-3 functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of all three above target proteins, generating physiological stress on the producing strain through interfering diverse metabolic pathways. Overexpression of these target proteins increases strain biomass and markedly boosts AP-3 titers. This finding demonstrates that identification and engineering of cryptic targets of bioactive natural products can lead to in-depth understanding of microbial physiology and improved product titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qungang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ziyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinnan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Zhang S, Qu-Bie JZ, Feng MK, Qu-Bie AX, Huang Y, Zhang ZF, Yan XJ, Liu Y. Illuminating the biosynthesis pathway genes involved in bioactive specific monoterpene glycosides in Paeonia veitchii Lynch by a combination of sequencing platforms. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 36698081 PMCID: PMC9878870 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia veitchii Lynch, a well-known herb from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau south of the Himalayas, can synthesize specific monoterpene glycosides (PMGs) with multiple pharmacological activities, and its rhizome has become an indispensable ingredient in many clinical drugs. However, little is known about the molecular background of P. veitchii, especially the genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of PMGs. RESULTS A corrective full-length transcriptome with 30,827 unigenes was generated by combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) of six tissues (leaf, stem, petal, ovary, phloem and xylem). The enzymes terpene synthase (TPS), cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), and BAHD acyltransferase, which participate in the biosynthesis of PMGs, were systematically characterized, and their functions related to PMG biosynthesis were analysed. With further insight into TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs involved in PMG biosynthesis, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to identify the relationships between these genes and PMGs. Finally, 8 TPSs, 22 CYPs, 7 UGTs, and 2 BAHD genes were obtained, and these putative genes were very likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of PMGs. In addition, the expression patterns of the putative genes and the accumulation of PMGs in tissues suggested that all tissues are capable of biosynthesizing PMGs and that aerial plant parts could also be used to extract PMGs. CONCLUSION We generated a large-scale transcriptome database across the major tissues in P. veitchii, providing valuable support for further research investigating P. veitchii and understanding the genetic information of plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs further contribute to a better understanding of the biology and complexity of PMGs in P. veitchii. Our study will help reveal the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis pathway of these specific monoterpene glycosides and aid in the comprehensive utilization of this multifunctional plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshan Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Jun-zhang Qu-Bie
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ming-kang Feng
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - A-xiang Qu-Bie
- grid.412723.10000 0004 0604 889XCollege of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Zhi-feng Zhang
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Xin-jia Yan
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, 610225 China ,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, 610225 China
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Pan H, Xiao L, Tang K, Xia H, Li Y, Jia H, Wei P, Yan M. Screening UDP-Glycosyltransferases for Effectively Transforming Stevia Glycosides: Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucosylated Derivatives of Rubusoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15178-15188. [PMID: 36424346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Five plant-derived uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that catalyzed the glucosylation of stevia glycosides (SGs) were uncovered as the result of sequence mining considering the catalytic residues and conserved motifs of the known UGTs. Thereinto, LbUGT from Lycium barbarum with high activity toward rubusoside has been enzymatically characterized. The recombinant LbUGT was demonstrated to catalyze the β-1,6-glucosylation at C19 of rubusoside, producing a monoglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester], which was then submitted to a β-1,2-glucosylation by LbUGT, resulting in a diglucosyl derivative 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) ester]. The di-glycosylated product of rubusoside showed an obvious increase in sweetness intensity (134 times sweeter than 5% sucrose) and almost eliminated the unpleasant bitter taste. This work will provide a reference for the taste improvement of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haojun Xia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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West AV, Woo CM. Photoaffinity Labeling Chemistries Used to Map Biomolecular Interactions. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. West
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA USA
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA USA
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6
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Wang H, Guo H, Wang N, Huo YX. Toward the Heterologous Biosynthesis of Plant Natural Products: Gene Discovery and Characterization. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2784-2795. [PMID: 34757715 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) represent a vast and diverse group of natural products, which have wide applications such as emulsifiers in cosmetics, sweeteners in foods, and active ingredients in medicines. Large-scale production of certain PNPs (e.g., artemisinin, taxol) has been implemented by reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. However, unknown biosynthetic pathways greatly restrict wide applications of heterologous production of PNPs of interest. With the rapid development of sequencing and multiomics analysis technologies, huge amounts of omics data, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have been deposited in public databases, which is a precious resource for identification of the unknown biosynthetic pathway of PNPs. Herein, we have enumerated the approaches which have been widely used to screen candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of PNPs of interest. We also discuss recent developments in the characterization of putative genes and elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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7
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Li W, Liang Q, Mishra RC, Sanchez-Mu�oz R, Wang H, Chen X, Van Der Straeten D, Zhang C, Xiao Y. The 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate proteome links folates with C/N metabolism and reveals feedback regulation of folate biosynthesis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3367-3385. [PMID: 34352110 PMCID: PMC8505879 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Folates are indispensable for plant development, but their molecular mode of action remains elusive. We synthesized a probe, "5-F-THF-Dayne," comprising 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (THF) coupled to a photoaffinity tag. Exploiting this probe in an affinity proteomics study in Arabidopsis thaliana, we retrieved 51 hits. Thirty interactions were independently validated with in vitro expressed proteins to bind 5-F-THF with high or low affinity. Interestingly, the interactors reveal associations beyond one-carbon metabolism, covering also connections to nitrogen (N) metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism/photosynthesis, and proteostasis. Two of the interactions, one with the folate biosynthetic enzyme DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE-THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE 1 (AtDHFR-TS1) and another with N metabolism-associated glutamine synthetase 1;4 (AtGLN1;4), were further characterized. In silico and experimental analyses revealed G35/K36 and E330 as key residues for the binding of 5-F-THF in AtDHFR-TS1 and AtGLN1;4, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of AtGLN1;4 E330, which co-localizes with the ATP-binding pocket, abolished 5-F-THF binding as well as AtGLN1;4 activity. Furthermore, 5-F-THF was noted to competitively inhibit the activities of AtDHFR-TS1 and AtGLN1;4. In summary, we demonstrated a regulatory role for 5-F-THF in N metabolism, revealed 5-F-THF-mediated feedback regulation of folate biosynthesis, and identified a total of 14 previously unknown high-affinity binding cellular targets of 5-F-THF. Together, this sets a landmark toward understanding the role of folates in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Raul Sanchez-Mu�oz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Wang Y, Sun X, Jia X, Zhu L, Yin H. Comparative transcriptomic of Stevia rebaudiana provides insight into rebaudioside D and rebaudioside M biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:541-549. [PMID: 34425398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rebaudioside D (Reb D) and rebaudioside M (Reb M) are commercially important low/no-calorie natural sweeteners. However, they are present in a minor proportion of all steviol glycosides (SGs) in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (S. rebaudiana). Strain-dependent deviation in Reb D and Reb M biosynthesis is one key breach for breeding of S. rebaudiana, which has not been studied at the transcriptional level. Herein, five different S. rebaudiana varieties with distinct SGs contents, one cultivar having high stevioside content (HST), one cultivar having high Reb A content (HRA) and three cultivars having high Reb D and Reb M content (HDM1, HDM2, HDM3), were selected for RNA-seq analysis. In total, 131,655 de novo assembled unigenes were found in the RNA-seq data. According to Reb D and Reb M content divergence of S. rebaudiana accessions, 2186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected as potential genes related to Reb D and Reb M biosynthesis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the genes associated with the Reb D and Reb M biosynthesis. The unigenes from the positively associated turquoise module formed a layered co-expression network. There are 7 UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGT) and 76 transcription factors (TFs) distributing at different regions which represented varying coherence of Reb D and Reb M biosynthesis. Particularly, two TFs having a strong correlation with two UGTs in the network were also discovered. The present study provided a comprehensive insight into networks for regulation of Reb D and Reb M contents in S. rebaudiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xue Sun
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Zhucheng Haotian Pharm Co., Ltd, Shandong, 262200, China; Dongtai Hirye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, 224200, China.
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Hu Z, Liu X, Tian M, Ma Y, Jin B, Gao W, Cui G, Guo J, Huang L. Recent progress and new perspectives for diterpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plants. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2971-2997. [PMID: 33938025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenoids, including more than 18,000 compounds, represent an important class of metabolites that encompass both phytohormones and some industrially relevant compounds. These molecules with complex, diverse structures and physiological activities, have high value in the pharmaceutical industry. Most medicinal diterpenoids are extracted from plants. Major advances in understanding the biosynthetic pathways of these active compounds are providing unprecedented opportunities for the industrial production of diterpenoids by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Here, we summarize recent developments in the field of diterpenoid biosynthesis from medicinal herbs. An overview of the pathways and known biosynthetic enzymes is presented. In particular, we look at the main findings from the past decade and review recent progress in the biosynthesis of different groups of ringed compounds. We also discuss diterpenoid production using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, and draw on new technologies and discoveries to bring together many components into a useful framework for diterpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shao J, Sun Y, Liu H, Wang Y. Pathway elucidation and engineering of plant-derived diterpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 69:10-16. [PMID: 33032240 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived diterpenoids are indispensable to plant development, stress-resistance and interaction with environmental microorganisms. Besides significant roles in plant fitness and adaption, many bioactivities beneficial to human beings are also found in diterpenoids from terrestrial plants. However, these high-value compounds are always present in limited species with low-abundance. Complicated chemosynthesis hardly meets the needs of sufficient supplies. To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to investigate how diterpenoids are biosynthesized in planta, and followed by engineering the biosynthetic pathway to achieve high yield production. This review will summarize the recent progress of plant diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway discovery and engineering, hoping to offer an inspiration for concerned researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Parthasarathy A, Mantravadi PK, Kalesh K. Detectives and helpers: Natural products as resources for chemical probes and compound libraries. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107688. [PMID: 32980442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
About 70% of the drugs in use are derived from natural products, either used directly or in chemically modified form. Among all possible small molecules (not greater than 5 kDa), only a few of them are biologically active. Natural product libraries may have a higher rate of finding "hits" than synthetic libraries, even with the use of fewer compounds. This is due to the complementarity between the "chemical space" of small molecules and biological macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, in addition to the three-dimensional complexity of NPs. Chemical probes are molecules which aid in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms behind the action of drugs or drug-like molecules by binding with macromolecular/cellular interaction partners. Probe development and application have been spurred by advancements in photoaffinity label synthesis, affinity chromatography, activity based protein profiling (ABPP) and instrumental methods such as cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and advanced/hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, as well as genome sequencing and bioengineering technologies. In this review, we restrict ourselves to a survey of natural products (including peptides/mini-proteins and excluding antibodies), which have been applied largely in the last 5 years for the target identification of drugs/drug-like molecules used in research on infectious diseases, and the description of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | | | - Karunakaran Kalesh
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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12
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Petit E, Berger M, Camborde L, Vallejo V, Daydé J, Jacques A. Development of screening methods for functional characterization of UGTs from Stevia rebaudiana. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15137. [PMID: 32934264 PMCID: PMC7493886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key modification that contributes to determine bioactivity and bioavailability of plant natural products, including that of terpenoids and steviol glycosides (SVglys). It is mediated by uridine-diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs), that achieve their activity by transferring sugars on small molecules. Thus, the diversity of SVglys is due to the number, the position and the nature of glycosylations on the hydroxyl groups in C-13 and C-19 of steviol. Despite the intense sweetener property of SVglys and the numerous studies conducted, the SVglys biosynthetic pathway remains largely unknown. More than 60 SVglys and 68 putative UGTs have been identified in Stevia rebaudiana. This study aims to provide methods to characterize UGTs putatively involved in SVglys biosynthesis. After agroinfiltration-based transient gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, functionality of the recombinant UGT can be tested simply and directly in plants expressing it or from a crude extract. The combined use of binary vectors from pGWBs series to produce expression vectors containing the stevia's UGT, enables functionality testing with many substrates as well as other applications for further analysis, including subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Petit
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Monique Berger
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
| | - Laurent Camborde
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean Daydé
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
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13
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Wong NK, Zhong S, Li W, Zhou F, Deng Z, Zhou Y. Selective profiling of steviol-catalyzing UDP-glycosyltransferases with a metabolically synthesized probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12387-12390. [PMID: 32931537 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Selective profiling of steviol-catalyzing UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants was accomplished with a probe metabolically synthesized from two substrate-derived components comprising an alkynylated sugar receptor (steviol) module and a diazirine-modified sugar donor (UDP-glucose) module, thereby illustrating a facile approach for harnessing biosynthetic enzymes of natural glycosides in plants for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kei Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
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14
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Chen X, Xu J, Wong NK, Zhong S, Yang M, Liu Z, Lu Y, Li W, Zhou Y. Chemoproteomic Profiling of Cobalamin-Independent Methionine Synthases in Plants with a Covalent Probe. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8050-8056. [PMID: 32618189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalamin-independent methionine synthases (MS) are zinc-binding methyltransferases that catalyze de novo methionine biosynthesis in higher plants, which are enzymes critically involved in seed germination and plant growth. Here, we report a highly selective sulfonyl fluoride-based probe for chemoproteomic profiling of MS enzymes in living systems of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as implemented in in-gel-, mass spectrometry-, and imaging-based platforms. This probe holds promise for facilitating and accelerating fundamental research and industrial application of MS enzymes, particularly in the contexts of MS1/2-targeting herbicide screening and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Suyun Zhong
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Mengquan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Weichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Wilson AE, Tian L. Phylogenomic analysis of UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases provides insights into the evolutionary landscape of glycosylation in plant metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1273-1288. [PMID: 31446648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated metabolites generated by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play critical roles in plant interactions with the environment as well as human and animal nutrition. The evolution of plant UGTs has previously been explored, but with a limited taxon sampling. In this study, 65 fully sequenced plant genomes were analyzed, and stringent criteria for selection of candidate UGTs were applied to ensure a more comprehensive taxon sampling and reliable sequence inclusion. In addition to revealing the overall evolutionary landscape of plant UGTs, the phylogenomic analysis also resolved the phylogenetic association of UGTs from free-sporing plants and gymnosperms, and identified an additional UGT group (group R) in seed plants. Furthermore, lineage-specific expansions and contractions of UGT groups were detected in angiosperms, with the total number of UGTs per genome remaining constant generally. The loss of group Q UGTs in Poales and Brassicales, rather than functional convergence in the group Q containing species, was supported by a gene tree of group Q UGTs sampled from many species, and further corroborated by the absence of group Q homologs on the syntenic chromosomal regions in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicales). Branch-site analyses of the group Q UGT gene tree allowed for identification of branches and amino acid sites that experienced episodic positive selection. The positively selected sites are located on the surface of a representative group Q UGT (PgUGT95B2), away from the active site, suggesting their role in protein folding/stability or protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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16
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Zheng X, Li P, Lu X. Research advances in cytochrome P450-catalysed pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4619-4630. [PMID: 31037306 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, the biggest class of plant secondary metabolites, have a wide range of significant physiological roles, while many of them are important natural drugs. Biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoids in plants is a fairly complex process, most of which involves cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenases. CYP450 enzymes are versatile biocatalysts that play critical roles in terpenoid skeleton modification and structural diversity. Therefore, the discovery and identification of CYP450 genes is significant for elucidating the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the progress and cloning strategies relating to CYP450s in pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis of the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Hayashi R, Morimoto S, Tomohiro T. Tag‐Convertible Photocrosslinker with Click‐On/OffN‐Acylsulfonamide Linkage for Protein Identification. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3145-3148. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shota Morimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuzuka University of Medical Science Suzuka Mie 510-0293 Japan
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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18
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Bi H, Wang S, Zhou W, Zhuang Y, Liu T. Producing Gram-Scale Unnatural Rosavin Analogues from Glucose by Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1931-1940. [PMID: 31291541 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol glycosides (CAGs) are key active ingredients of the precious medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea L., which has diverse pharmacological activities. The quality of R. rosea extracts is standardized to the contents of rosavin, a cinnamyl alcohol disaccharide, along with salidroside. The supply of rosavin and analogues is limited by both the inefficiency of chemical synthesis methods and the shortage of natural resources. Herein, we achieved de novo synthesis of a series of rosavin analogues by engineered Escherichia coli strains. First, cinnamyl alcohol was synthesized by expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase, and cinnamyl-CoA reductase in a phenylalanine high-producing strain. UGT73C5 from Arabidopsis thaliana and a sugar chain elongating glycosyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus, CaUGT3 sequentially catalyzed the formation of an unnatural cinnamyl alcohol diglucoside, named rosavin B. Then, these biosynthetic enzymes were transformed into a tyrosine high-producing strain, except that PAL was replaced by a tyrosine ammonia-lyase, and synthesis of mono- and diglucosides of p-coumaryl alcohol with sugars attached to aliphatic or phenolic hydroxyl position was achieved. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was conducted for the strain producing rosavin B, and the titer reached 4.7 g/L. Tri- and tetraglucosides of cinnamyl alcohol were also produced by fed-batch fermentation. In summary, seven rosavin analogues including six unnatural compounds were produced from glucose by microorganisms. This work expanded the structural diversity of CAGs, which holds promise to discover new analogues with improved pharmaceutical properties. The study also paves the way for producing CAGs in a sustainable and cheap way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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19
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Zhang SS, Chen H, Xiao JY, Liu Q, Xiao RF, Wu W. Mutations in the uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase 76G1 gene result in different contents of the major steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:141-147. [PMID: 30897351 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the metabolic glycosylation grid of steviol glycosides, UGT76G1 was shown to catalyze at least eight different glucosylation steps, including the formation of rebaudioside B (Reb B) and rebaudioside A (Reb A) (Olsson et al., 2016). In this study, the accumulation of steviolbioside, Reb B, stevioside (ST) and Reb A in more than 140 samples of stevia leaves collected from different regions in China were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and five genotypes, 'N01-N05', with significantly different levels of the abovementioned glycosides were discovered. Mutations in the UGT76G1 gene cloned from cDNAs from these five genotypes were identified, and the functions of the recombinant UGT76G1 variants were ascertained by adding steviolbioside and ST substrates. In addition, homology modeling and molecular docking were used to elucidate the functional differences between variants and UGT76G1. Comparing the sequences of the five variants 'N01-N05' with UGT76G1 (AY345974.1) revealed that base substitutions were not observed in 'N01'. By contrast, 'N02' exhibited 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 associated amino acid substitutions or insertions with notable variations in the protein structure; however, an enzyme assay showed similar functionalities between the variant and UGT76G1. In 'N03', 49 SNPs and 29 associated amino acid substitutions or insertions were identified and shown to induce significant variations in the protein structure, especially in the binding pocket, resulting in the lack of functionality of this variant in the enzyme assay. These results were in agreement with the docking profiles. Moreover, a nonsense mutation of p.1090T > G in 'N04' and an insertion of a 68 base fragment in 'N05' were found, and both produced a premature protein without any catalytic activity. Therefore, UGT76G1, which is vital to the content of main steviol glycosides, should be a key gene marker for the molecular breeding of Stevia rebaudiana. Our investigations also revealed the location and orientation of active groups of the receptors and donors in the UGT76G1 enzyme, which play key roles in determining whether the enzyme has any enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Shan Zhang
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie-Yu Xiao
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ren-Feng Xiao
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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20
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Bioactivity Profile of the Diterpene Isosteviol and its Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040678. [PMID: 30769819 PMCID: PMC6412665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Steviosides, rebaudiosides and their analogues constitute a major class of naturally occurring biologically active diterpene compounds. The wide spectrum of pharmacological activity of this group of compounds has developed an interest among medicinal chemists to synthesize, purify, and analyze more selective and potent isosteviol derivatives. It has potential biological applications and improves the field of medicinal chemistry by designing novel drugs with the ability to cope against resistance developing diseases. The outstanding advancement in the design and synthesis of isosteviol and its derivative has proved its effectiveness and importance in the field of medicinal chemical research. The present review is an effort to integrate recently developed novel drugs syntheses from isosteviol and potentially active pharmacological importance of the isosteviol derivatives covering the recent advances.
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Petit E, Jacques A, Daydé J, Vallejo V, Berger M. UGT76G1 polymorphism in Stevia rebaudiana: New variants for steviol glycosides conjugation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:563-569. [PMID: 30466787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steviol glycosides (SVglys) are secondary metabolites derived from terpenoids exhibiting high-sweetening properties produced in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. Their great diversity is due to the number, the position and the nature of glycosylations on the steviol aglycone. Steviol conjugation is mediated by uridine-diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Four UGTs have been clearly identified as involved in SVglys metabolism: UGT74G1, UGT85C2, UGT76G1 and UGT73E1. Natural non-functional mutants with nonsense codon have yet been observed for UGT76G1. To investigate the variability of UGT76G1 functionality, natural mutants with low or no content of rebaudioside A and C were identified in a germplasm collection of Stevia rebaudiana. These compounds are known to be the direct products of UGT76G1 and their biosynthesis is governed by a single gene at the locus Rae (Rebaudioside A enablement). Crosses were done with remarkable accessions including phenotypes with low (0-3%) and high proportions (70%) of rebaudioside A and C, to investigate the functionality of the Rae locus in the parents. Seven variants of UGT76G1 were found, among them 4 lead to a functional protein and 3 lead to non-functional isoforms. Five of these variants are new. We found that non-functionality of UGT76G1 towards SVglys is not due to a premature nonsense codon, which appears to be an extreme case to explain the loss of functionality of an UGT. Variations in steviol glycoside profile in stevia leaves is partly due to UGT76G1 polymorphism: amino acid substitutions in parts of the protein involved in the substrate specificity can be found by sequence comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Petit
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Alban Jacques
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Jean Daydé
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Veronica Vallejo
- PepsiCo Global R&D Agro Discovery, 3 Skyline Dr. Hawthorne, NY, 10532, USA
| | - Monique Berger
- Equipe Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales (PPGV), University of Toulouse, National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse, Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076, Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
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22
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Hotta Y, Kaneko T, Hayashi R, Yamamoto A, Morimoto S, Chiba J, Tomohiro T. Photoinduced Electron Transfer‐Regulated Protein Labeling With a Coumarin‐Based Multifunctional Photocrosslinker. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:398-402. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hotta
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kaneko
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Ryuji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Akito Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shota Morimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSuzuka University of Medical Science Suzuka Mie 510-0293 Japan
| | - Junya Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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