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Homolya L, Mathomes RT, Varga L, Docsa T, Juhász L, Hayes JM, Somsák L. Synthesis, In Silico and Kinetics Evaluation of N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-arylimidazole-4(5)-carboxamides and N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-arylimidazole-2-carboxamides as Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4591. [PMID: 38731811 PMCID: PMC11083775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently studied N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamides have proven to be low micromolar inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since in other settings, the bioisosteric replacement of the 1,2,4-triazole moiety with imidazole resulted in significantly more efficient GP inhibitors, in silico calculations using Glide molecular docking along with unbound state DFT calculations were performed on N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-arylimidazole-carboxamides, revealing their potential for strong GP inhibition. The syntheses of the target compounds involved the formation of an amide bond between per-O-acetylated β-d-glucopyranosylamine and the corresponding arylimidazole-carboxylic acids. Kinetics experiments on rabbit muscle GPb revealed low micromolar inhibitors, with the best inhibition constants (Kis) of ~3-4 µM obtained for 1- and 2-naphthyl-substituted N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-imidazolecarboxamides, 2b-c. The predicted protein-ligand interactions responsible for the observed potencies are discussed and will facilitate the structure-based design of other inhibitors targeting this important therapeutic target. Meanwhile, the importance of the careful consideration of ligand tautomeric states in binding calculations is highlighted, with the usefulness of DFT calculations in this regard proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Homolya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Luca Varga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.V.); (T.D.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.V.); (T.D.)
| | - László Juhász
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.H.); (L.S.)
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Zhang L, Zeng W, Xie D, Li J, Ma X. Nickel and Chiral Phosphoric Acid Cocatalysis Enables Synthesis of C-Acyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:1332-1337. [PMID: 38330288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We disclosed a Ni/CPA cocatalyzed protocol to access diverse C-acyl glycosides under mild conditions with broad functional group compatibility through the coupling of readily available glycosyl bromides and carboxylic esters. The potential application of the methodology was demonstrated by the C-acyl glycosylation of bioactive molecules and the transformation of products to a variety of value-added molecules. Mechanistic studies revealed that CPA might serve as a bifunctional H-bond catalyst to activate carboxylic esters and nickel catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Demeng Xie
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, No. 9, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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García-López J, Khomenko DM, Zakharchenko BV, Doroshchuk RO, Starova VS, Iglesias MJ, Lampeka RD, López-Ortiz F. Solvent- and functional-group-assisted tautomerism of 3-alkyl substituted 5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoles in DMSO-water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9443-9458. [PMID: 37997179 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The tautomerism of a series of 5-alkyl substituted 3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoles in DMSO-d6-containing water has been investigated by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The populations of the three possible regioisomers in the tautomeric equilibrium (A [3-alkyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1H], B [5-alkyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1H] and C [5-alkyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-4H]) were determined. Isomers A (17-40%) and B (54-79%) are the major components and their ratio is insensitive to the substitution pattern, except for the unsubstituted and the methoxymethyl substituted derivatives. The isomer C (3-5%) has been fully characterised for the first time by NMR spectroscopy. Activation energies of tautomerisation (14.74-16.78 kcal mol-1) were determined by EXSY experiments, which also supported the involvement of water in the tautomerisation. Substituent effects on the 15N chemical shifts are relatively small. The DFT study of the tautomerism in DMSO-water showed that both A/B and B/C interconversions are assisted by the pyridine substituent and catalysed by solvent molecules. The NH-A/NH-B tautomerisation takes place via a relayed quadruple proton transfer mediated by three water molecules in the hydrogen-bonded cyclic substructure of a triazole·4H2O complex. The equilibrium B ⇄ C involves three steps: NH-B transfer to the pyridyl nitrogen mediated by a water molecule in a 1 : 1 cyclic complex, rotamerisation to bring the pyridinium NH close to N4 of the triazole catalysed by complexation to a DMSO molecule and transfer of the NH from the pyridinium donor to the N4 acceptor via a 1 : 1 complex with a bridging water molecule. This mechanism of 1,3-prototropic shift in triazoles is unprecedented in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García-López
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
| | - Dmytro M Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Borys V Zakharchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Roman O Doroshchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoriia S Starova
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
| | - Rostyslav D Lampeka
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64/13, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain.
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Emmerich TD, Hayes JM. In Silico-Motivated Discovery of Novel Potent Glycogen Synthase-3 Inhibitors: 1-(Alkyl/arylamino)-3H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-2,7-dione Identified as a Scaffold for Kinase Inhibitor Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050661. [PMID: 37242443 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) isoforms α and β have diverse roles within cell biology, and have been linked with multiple diseases that include prominent CNS conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and several psychiatric disorders. In this study, motivated by computation, we aimed to identify novel ATP-binding site inhibitors of GSK-3 with CNS-active potential. A ligand screening (docking) protocol against GSK-3β was first optimized, employing an active/decoy benchmarking set, with the final protocol selected based on statistical performance analysis. The optimized protocol involved pre-filtering of ligands using a three-point 3D-pharmacophore, followed by Glide-SP docking applying hinge region hydrogen bonding constraints. Using this approach, the Biogenic subset of the ZINC15 compound database was screened, focused on compounds with potential for CNS-activity. Twelve compounds (generation I) were selected for experimental validation using in vitro GSK-3β binding assays. Two hit compounds, 1 and 2, with 6-amino-7H-benzo[e]perimidin-7-one and 1-(phenylamino)-3H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-2,7-dione type scaffolds were identified with IC50 values of 1.63 µM and 20.55 µM, respectively. Ten analogues of 2 (generation II) were selected for structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis and revealed four low micromolar inhibitors (<10 µM), with 19 (IC50 = 4.1 µM)~five times more potent than initial hit compound 2. Selectivity screening of low micromolar inhibitors 14 and 19 (comparing aryl- and alkyl-substituents) against 10 homologous kinases revealed unique selectivity profiles, with both compounds more potent against the GSK-3α isoform (IC50s~2 µM) and, additionally, inhibitors of PKBβ (IC50s < 25 µM). Compound 14 also inhibited ERK2 and 19, PKCγ, but generally good selectivity for GSK-3 isoforms over the other kinases was observed. The compounds had excellent predicted oral bioavailability and CNS-activity profiles, presenting promising candidates for future testing in cellular models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Emmerich
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Joseph M Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Kun S, Mathomes RT, Docsa T, Somsák L, Hayes JM. Design and Synthesis of 3-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-4-amino/4-guanidino Pyrazole Derivatives and Analysis of Their Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitory Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:3005. [PMID: 37049768 PMCID: PMC10095824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key regulator of glucose levels and, with that, an important target for the discovery of novel treatments against type 2 diabetes. β-d-Glucopyranosyl derivatives have provided some of the most potent GP inhibitors discovered to date. In this regard, C-β-d-glucopyranosyl azole type inhibitors proved to be particularly effective, with 2- and 4-β-d-glucopyranosyl imidazoles among the most potent designed to date. His377 backbone C=O hydrogen bonding and ion-ion interactions of the protonated imidazole with Asp283 from the 280s loop, stabilizing the inactive state, were proposed as crucial to the observed potencies. Towards further exploring these features, 4-amino-3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (3) and 3-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-4-guanidino-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole (4) were designed and synthesized with the potential to exploit similar interactions. Binding assay experiments against rabbit muscle GPb revealed 3 as a moderate inhibitor (IC50 = 565 µM), but 4 displayed no inhibition at 625 µM concentration. Towards understanding the observed inhibitions, docking and post-docking molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding free energy calculations were performed, together with Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the free unbound ligands. The computations revealed that while 3 was predicted to hydrogen bond with His377 C=O in its favoured tautomeric state, the interactions with Asp283 were not direct and there were no ion-ion interactions; for 4, the most stable tautomer did not have the His377 backbone C=O interaction and while ion-ion interactions and direct hydrogen bonding with Asp283 were predicted, the conformational strain and entropy loss of the ligand in the bound state was significant. The importance of consideration of tautomeric states and ligand strain for glucose analogues in the confined space of the catalytic site with the 280s loop in the closed position was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rachel T. Mathomes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Joseph M. Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Nanomolar inhibition of human OGA by 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucono-1,5-lactone semicarbazone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113649. [PMID: 34186233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification mediated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA), that adds or removes a single β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety to or from serine/threonine residues of nucleocytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, respectively. The perturbed homeostasis of O-GlcNAc cycling results in several pathological conditions. Human OGA is a promising therapeutic target in diseases where aberrantly low levels of O-GlcNAc are experienced, such as tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease. A new class of potent OGA inhibitors, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucono-1,5-lactone (thio)semicarbazones, have been identified. Eight inhibitors were designed and synthesized in five steps starting from d-glucosamine and with 15-55% overall yields. A heterologous OGA expression protocol with strain selection and isolation has been optimized that resulted in stable, active and full length human OGA (hOGA) isomorph. Thermal denaturation kinetics of hOGA revealed environmental factors affecting hOGA stability. From kinetics experiments, the synthesized compounds proved to be efficient competitive inhibitors of hOGA with Ki-s in the range of ∼30-250 nM and moderate selectivity with respect to lysosomal β-hexosaminidases. In silico studies consisting of Prime protein-ligand refinements, QM/MM optimizations and QM/MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations revealed the factors governing the observed potencies, and led to design of the most potent analogue 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucono-1,5-lactone 4-(2-naphthyl)-semicarbazone 6g (Ki = 36 nM). The protocol employed has applications in future structure based inhibitor design targeting OGA.
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Sipos Á, Szennyes E, Hajnal NÉ, Kun S, Szabó KE, Uray K, Somsák L, Docsa T, Bokor É. Dual-Target Compounds against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Proof of Concept for Sodium Dependent Glucose Transporter (SGLT) and Glycogen Phosphorylase (GP) Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040364. [PMID: 33920838 PMCID: PMC8071193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A current trend in the quest for new therapies for complex, multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), is to find dual or even multi-target inhibitors. In DM, the sodium dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys and the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the liver are validated targets. Several (β-D-glucopyranosylaryl)methyl (het)arene type compounds, called gliflozins, are marketed drugs that target SGLT2. For GP, low nanomolar glucose analogue inhibitors exist. The purpose of this study was to identify dual acting compounds which inhibit both SGLTs and GP. To this end, we have extended the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 and GP inhibitors to scarcely known (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene type compounds and studied several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitors against SGLT. New compounds, such as 5-arylmethyl-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, 5-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 4-arylmethyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)pyrimidines and 4(5)-benzyl-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)imidazole were prepared by adapting our previous synthetic methods. None of the studied compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and all of them were assayed for their SGLT1 and 2 inhibitory potentials in a SGLT-overexpressing TSA201 cell system. GP inhibition was also determined by known methods. Several newly synthesized (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)methyl arene derivatives had low micromolar SGLT2 inhibitory activity; however, none of these compounds inhibited GP. On the other hand, several (C-β-D-glucopyranosylhetaryl)arene type GP inhibitor compounds with low micromolar efficacy against SGLT2 were identified. The best dual inhibitor, 2-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4(5)-(2-naphthyl)-imidazole, had a Ki of 31 nM for GP and IC50 of 3.5 μM for SGLT2. This first example of an SGLT-GP dual inhibitor can prospectively be developed into even more efficient dual-target compounds with potential applications in future antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Nikolett Éva Hajnal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katalin E. Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.S.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.S.); (N.É.H.); (S.K.); (K.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.D.); (É.B.); Tel.: +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22348) (L.S.); +36-525-186-00 (ext. 61192) (T.D.); +36-525-129-00 (ext. 22474) (É.B.)
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Li X, Liu C, Guo S, Wang W, Zhang Y. PIFA‐Mediated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of
N
‐Heteroarenes with Cyclic Ethers: Ethanol as an Efficient Promoter. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Shixun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0207 USA
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhou B, Wen M, Hu M, Peng JG, Wang Y, Fan LL, Tang L. ZG02 Improved Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMPK/Sirt1 Signaling Pathways in a High-fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetes Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4333-4339. [PMID: 33209046 PMCID: PMC7670175 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycemic activity and potential mechanism of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives ZG02 in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (n=30) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (n=10) was fed with normal diet, the diabetes group (n=10) was fed with high-fat diet for eight weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) and the ZG02 group (n=10) injected intraperitoneally with ZG02 (30 mg/kg/day) for two weeks after successful modeling. The changes of weight, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance and fasting blood insulin levels in each group were evaluated. In addition, we also assessed the expression level of total AMPK, phosphorylation AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1 and the activity of G6PC in liver. RESULTS The results demonstrated that ZG02 could significantly antagonize the high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced fasting hyperglycemia, restore fasting blood insulin levels and also improve activity of G6PC in liver. The results from Western blot indicated that ZG02 significantly restored the expression level of phosphorylation AMPK, Sirt1 and PGC-1. CONCLUSION ZG02 improve hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity via activation AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Gang Peng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou550004, People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Wang K, Zhou J, Sullivan MA, Liu Y, Gilbert RG, Deng B. Metformin and Berberine suppress glycogenolysis by inhibiting glycogen phosphorylase and stabilizing the molecular structure of glycogen in db/db mice. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116435. [PMID: 32532388 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is a branched glucose polymer involved in sustaining blood glucose homeostasis. Liver glycogen comprises α particles (up to 300 nm in diameter) made of joined β particles (∼20 nm in diameter). Glycogen α particles in a mouse model for diabetes are molecularly fragile, breaking down into smaller β particles more readily than in healthy mice. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a rate-limiting enzyme in glycogen degradation, is overexpressed in diabetic mice. This study shows that Metformin and Berberine, two common drugs, two common drugs used to treat diabetes, are able to revert the liver glycogen of diabetic mice to the stable structure seen in non-diabetic mice. It is also shown that these drugs reduce the GP level via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in diabetic livers and decrease the affinity of GP with the glycogen of db/db mice. These effects of these drugs may slow down the degradation of liver glycogen and improve glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yage Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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11
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Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and structure-activity relationship of recently discovered enzyme antagonist azoles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03656. [PMID: 32274429 PMCID: PMC7132078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global people are suffering from the legion of diseases. Cytotoxic property of the chemical compound would not solely influence effective drug properties and reduce unnecessary side effects. Proteins/enzymes responsible for microbe proliferation or survival are specifically targeted and inhibited successfully making the cells to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, isoforms of essential enzymes have distinct physiological functions; thereby inhibition of essential enzyme isoforms is an apt way to the clinical approach of disease neutralization. Drugs are designed so as to play significant roles such as signaling pathways in the oncogenic process including cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. The present review comprises collective information of the recent synthesis of various organic drug compounds in brief, which could inhibit particular enzyme. The review also covers the correlation of the structure of a drug molecule designed and its inhibitory activity. Also, the most significant enzyme inhibitors are highlighted and structural moieties/core units responsible for remarkable inhibitory values are emphasized.
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12
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Goyard D, Kónya B, Czifrák K, Larini P, Demontrond F, Leroy J, Balzarin S, Tournier M, Tousch D, Petit P, Duret C, Maurel P, Docsa T, Gergely P, Somsák L, Praly JP, Azay-Milhau J, Vidal S. Glucose-based spiro-oxathiazoles as in vivo anti-hyperglycemic agents through glycogen phosphorylase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:931-940. [PMID: 31922157 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors targeting the catalytic site of the enzyme is a promising strategy for a better control of hyperglycaemia in the context of type 2 diabetes. Glucopyranosylidene-spiro-heterocycles have been demonstrated as potent GP inhibitors, and more specifically spiro-oxathiazoles. A new synthetic route has now been elaborated through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an aryl nitrile oxide to a glucono-thionolactone affording in one step the spiro-oxathiazole moiety. The thionolactone was obtained from the thermal rearrangement of a thiosulfinate precursor according to Fairbanks' protocols, although with a revisited outcome and also rationalised with DFT calculations. The 2-naphthyl substituted glucose-based spiro-oxathiazole 5h, identified as one of the most potent GP inhibitors (Ki = 160 nM against RMGPb) could be produced on the gram-scale from this strategy. Further evaluation in vitro using rat and human hepatocytes demonstrated that compound 5h is a anti-hyperglycaemic drug candidates performing slightly better than DAB used as a positive control. Investigation in Zucker fa/fa rat model in acute and subchronic assays further confirmed the potency of compound 5h since it lowered blood glucose levels by ∼36% at 30 mg kg-1 and ∼43% at 60 mg kg-1. The present study is one of the few in vivo investigations for glucose-based GP inhibitors and provides data in animal models for such drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Bálint Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Czifrák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Paolo Larini
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fanny Demontrond
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérémy Leroy
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Balzarin
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Tournier
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Tousch
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Petit
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France and Montpellier University, UMR-1040, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France and Montpellier University, UMR-1040, Montpellier, France
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 7, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pál Gergely
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 7, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, POB 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jacqueline Azay-Milhau
- Montpellier University, EA7288, Biocommunication in cardiometabolism (BC2M), Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bâtiment Lederer, 1 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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13
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Kyriakis E, Karra AG, Papaioannou O, Solovou T, Skamnaki VT, Liggri PGV, Zographos SE, Szennyes E, Bokor É, Kun S, Psarra AMG, Somsák L, Leonidas DD. The architecture of hydrogen and sulfur σ-hole interactions explain differences in the inhibitory potency of C-β-d-glucopyranosyl thiazoles, imidazoles and an N-β-d glucopyranosyl tetrazole for human liver glycogen phosphorylase and offer new insights to structure-based design. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115196. [PMID: 31767404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
C-Glucopyranosyl imidazoles, thiazoles, and an N-glucopyranosyl tetrazole were assessed in vitro and ex vivo for their inhibitory efficiency against isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP; a validated pharmacological target for the development of anti-hyperglycaemic agents). Imidazoles proved to be more potent inhibitors than the corresponding thiazoles or the tetrazole. The most potent derivative has a 2-naphthyl substituent, a Ki value of 3.2 µM for hepatic glycogen phosphorylase, displaying also 60% inhibition of GP activity in HepG2 cells, compared to control vehicle treated cells, at 100 μM. X-Ray crystallography studies of the protein - inhibitor complexes revealed the importance of the architecture of inhibitor associated hydrogen bonds or sulfur σ-hole bond interactions to Asn284 OD1, offering new insights to structure-based design efforts. Moreover, while the 2-glucopyranosyl-tetrazole seems to bind differently from the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole compound, the two inhibitors are equipotent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Kyriakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Karra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Olga Papaioannou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4002 POB 400 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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