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Aguilar-Castillo MJ, Cabezudo-García P, García-Martín G, Lopez-Moreno Y, Estivill-Torrús G, Ciano-Petersen NL, Oliver-Martos B, Narváez-Pelaez M, Serrano-Castro PJ. A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6488. [PMID: 38928193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A central role for neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis has recently been suggested by several investigations. This systematic review explores the role of inflammatory mediators in epileptogenesis, its association with seizure severity, and its correlation with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The study analysed articles published in JCR journals from 2019 to 2024. The search strategy comprised the MESH, free terms of "Neuroinflammation", and selective searches for the following single biomarkers that had previously been selected from the relevant literature: "High mobility group box 1/HMGB1", "Toll-Like-Receptor 4/TLR-4", "Interleukin-1/IL-1", "Interleukin-6/IL-6", "Transforming growth factor beta/TGF-β", and "Tumour necrosis factor-alpha/TNF-α". These queries were all combined with the MESH terms "Epileptogenesis" and "Epilepsy". We found 243 articles related to epileptogenesis and neuroinflammation, with 356 articles from selective searches by biomarker type. After eliminating duplicates, 324 articles were evaluated, with 272 excluded and 55 evaluated by the authors. A total of 21 articles were included in the qualitative evaluation, including 18 case-control studies, 2 case series, and 1 prospective study. As conclusion, this systematic review provides acceptable support for five biomarkers, including TNF-α and some of its soluble receptors (sTNFr2), HMGB1, TLR-4, CCL2 and IL-33. Certain receptors, cytokines, and chemokines are examples of neuroinflammation-related biomarkers that may be crucial for the early diagnosis of refractory epilepsy or may be connected to the control of epileptic seizures. Their value will be better defined by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Cabezudo-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermina García-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Oliver-Martos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiologia Animal, Biologìa Celular y Genética, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Narváez-Pelaez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma de Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Alianza Andalucía Neuro-RECA-Roche en Neurología Médica de Precisión, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Hospitales Vithas Málaga y Xanit Internacional, 29016 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Chen RY, Shi JJ, Liu YJ, Yu J, Li CY, Tao F, Cao JF, Yang GJ, Chen J. The State-of-the-Art Antibacterial Activities of Glycyrrhizin: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1155. [PMID: 38930536 PMCID: PMC11206003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the family Fabaceae/Leguminosae and is a renowned natural herb with a long history of medicinal use dating back to ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GLY), the main active component of licorice, serves as a widely utilized therapeutic agent in clinical practice. GLY exhibits diverse medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, intestinal environment maintenance, and liver protection effects. However, current research primarily emphasizes GLY's antiviral activity, while providing limited insight into its antibacterial properties. GLY demonstrates a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity via inhibiting the growth of bacteria by targeting bacterial enzymes, impacting cell membrane formation, and altering membrane permeability. Moreover, GLY can also bolster host immunity by activating pertinent immune pathways, thereby enhancing pathogen clearance. This paper reviews GLY's inhibitory mechanisms against various pathogenic bacteria-induced pathological changes, its role as a high-mobility group box 1 inhibitor in immune regulation, and its efficacy in combating diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, combining GLY with other antibiotics reduces the minimum inhibitory concentration, potentially aiding in the clinical development of combination therapies against drug-resistant bacteria. Sources of information were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and GreenMedical for the keywords "licorice", "Glycyrrhizin", "antibacterial", "anti-inflammatory", "HMGB1", and combinations thereof, mainly from articles published from 1979 to 2024, with no language restrictions. Screening was carried out by one author and supplemented by others. Papers with experimental flaws in their experimental design and papers that did not meet expectations (antifungal papers, etc.) were excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China (J.-J.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (F.T.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China (J.-J.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (F.T.); (J.-F.C.)
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Waris A, Ullah A, Asim M, Ullah R, Rajdoula MR, Bello ST, Alhumaydhi FA. Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy: pharmacology, targets, and mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403232. [PMID: 38855752 PMCID: PMC11160429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which is one of the major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for the management of epilepsy. More than 30 drugs have been approved by the US FDA against epilepsy. However, one-quarter of epileptic individuals still show resistance to the current medications. About 90% of individuals in low and middle-income countries do not have access to the current medication. In these countries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases, including epilepsy. These medicinal plants have high therapeutic value and contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, multitarget approaches such as plant extracts or extracted phytochemicals are needed, which can target multiple pathways. Numerous plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to treat epilepsy in various animal models by targeting various receptors, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. These extracts and phytochemicals could be used for the treatment of epilepsy in humans in the future; however, further research is needed to study the exact mechanism of action, toxicity, and dosage to reduce their side effects. In this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized the extracts of various plant species and purified phytochemicals isolated from plants, their targets and mechanism of action, and dosage used in various animal models against epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ata Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Md. Rafe Rajdoula
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Joma N, Zhang I, Righetto GL, McKay L, Gran ER, Kakkar A, Maysinger D. Flavonoids Regulate Redox-Responsive Transcription Factors in Glioblastoma and Microglia. Cells 2023; 12:2821. [PMID: 38132142 PMCID: PMC10871111 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a valuable therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM), as it promotes tumorigenesis via an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immune cells such as microglia accumulate near the tumor and its hypoxic core, fostering tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Notably, flavonoids, including fisetin and quercetin, can protect non-cancerous cells while eliminating transformed cells (2D cultures and 3D tumoroids). We tested the hypothesis that fisetin and quercetin are modulators of redox-responsive transcription factors, for which subcellular location plays a critical role. To investigate the sites of interaction between natural compounds and stress-responsive transcription factors, we combined molecular docking with experimental methods employing proximity ligation assays. Our findings reveal that fisetin decreased cytosolic acetylated high mobility group box 1 (acHMGB1) and increased transcription factor EB (TFEB) abundance in microglia but not in GBM. Moreover, our results suggest that the most powerful modulator of the Nrf2-KEAP1 complex is fisetin. This finding is in line with molecular modeling and calculated binding properties between fisetin and Nrf2-KEAP1, which indicated more sites of interactions and stronger binding affinities than quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Joma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Germanna L. Righetto
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Laura McKay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; (L.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Evan Rizzel Gran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; (L.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (N.J.); (I.Z.); (G.L.R.); (E.R.G.)
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Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Reis CG, Benvenutti R, Stahlhofer-Buss T, Calcagnotto ME, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Chemically-induced epileptic seizures in zebrafish: A systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2023; 197:107236. [PMID: 37801749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model organism is gaining evidence in the field of epilepsy as it may help to understand the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. As zebrafish assays became popular, the heterogeneity between protocols increased, making it hard to choose a standard protocol to conduct research while also impairing the comparison of results between studies. We conducted a systematic review to comprehensively profile the chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a two-step screening process based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Qualitative data were extracted, and a sample of 100 studies was randomly selected for risk of bias assessment. Out of the 1058 studies identified after removing duplicates, 201 met the inclusion criteria. We found that the most common chemoconvulsants used in the reviewed studies were pentylenetetrazole (n = 180), kainic acid (n = 11), and pilocarpine (n = 10), which increase seizure severity in a dose-dependent manner. The main outcomes assessed were seizure scores and locomotion. Significant variability between the protocols was observed for administration route, duration of exposure, and dose/concentration. Of the studies subjected to risk of bias assessment, most were rated as low risk of bias for selective reporting (94%), baseline characteristics of the animals (67%), and blinded outcome assessment (54%). Randomization procedures and incomplete data were rated unclear in 81% and 68% of the studies, respectively. None of the studies reported the sample size calculation. Overall, these findings underscore the need for improved methodological and reporting practices to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of zebrafish models for studying epilepsy. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish, highlighting the common chemoconvulsants used and the variability in protocol parameters. This may be particularly valuable to researchers interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epileptic seizures and screening potential drug candidates in zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thailana Stahlhofer-Buss
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica (NNNESP Lab), Departamento de bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ren Y, Zhu D, Han X, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhou P, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Zou H. HMGB1: a double-edged sword and therapeutic target in the female reproductive system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238785. [PMID: 37691930 PMCID: PMC10484633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily, is a nonhistone chromatin associated transcription factor. It is present in the nucleus of eukaryotes and can be actively secreted or passively released by kinds of cells. HMGB1 is important for maintaining DNA structure by binding to DNA and histones, protecting it from damage. It also regulates the interaction between histones and DNA, affecting chromatin packaging, and can influence gene expression by promoting nucleosome sliding. And as a DAMP, HMGB1 binding to RAGE and TLRs activates NF-κB, which triggers the expression of downstream genes like IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α. HMGB1 is known to be involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated the significance of HMGB1 as DAMPs in the female reproductive system. These findings have shed light on the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of diseases in female reproductive system and the possibilities of HMGB1-targeted therapies for treating them. Such therapies can help reduce inflammation and metabolic dysfunction and alleviate the symptoms of reproductive system diseases. Overall, the identification of HMGB1 as a key player in disease of the female reproductive system represents a significant breakthrough in our understanding of these conditions and presents exciting opportunities for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Damin Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beili Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Xie J, Hong S, Zhang X, Li Y, Xie R. Inhibition of glycolysis prevents behavioural changes in mice with MK801-induced SCZ model by alleviating lactate accumulation and lactylation. Brain Res 2023; 1812:148409. [PMID: 37207839 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex aetiology. Cognitive symptoms and hippocampal changes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of SCZ. Changes in metabolites level and up-regulated glycolysis have been reported in previous studies, which may be related to the hippocampal dysfunction in SCZ. However, the pathological mechanism of glycolysis involved in the pathogenesis of SCZ remains unclear. Therefore, the change of glycolysis level and the involvement in SCZ need to be further studied. In our study, MK801 was used to induce an SCZ mouse model and cell model in vivo and in vitro. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the levels of glycolysis, metabolites, and lactylation in hippocampal tissue of mice with SCZ or cell models. The level of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) in the medium of MK801-treated primary hippocampal neurons was examined. Apoptosis was evaluated in HMGB1-treated hippocampal neurons by flow cytometry. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG prevented behavioural changes in the MK801-induced SCZ mouse model. The lactate accumulation and level of lactylation were alleviated in the hippocampal tissue of MK801-treated mice. Glycolysis was enhanced, and lactate accumulated in MK-801-treated primary hippocampal neurons. In addition, the level of HMGB1 increased in the medium and induced apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. Together, the data showed that glycolysis and lactylation increased in the MK801-induced SCZ model in vivo and in vitro, and this effect could be prevented by 2-DG (a glycolysis inhibitor). Glycolytic related HMGB1 upregulation may induce apoptosis in hippocampal neurons downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Xie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Third People's Hospital, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Hong
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Tangshuang Community, The Third People's Hospital, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Runfang Xie
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P.R. China.
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Liang W, Wang J, Sui J, Yun F, Shen Y, Zhou J, Wu Y, Shen D, Zhang Q. Inflammation as a target for the treatment of fever-associated epilepsy in zebrafish larvae. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109802. [PMID: 36738682 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be involved in epileptogenesis. However, the relationship between fever and inflammation as well as the mechanisms of fever in the occurrence and development of childhood epilepsy need further investigation. Here, we described an in vivo model of hyperthermia-induced seizures in zebrafish larvae with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) exposure. Hyperthermia increased the susceptibility to seizure and the production of pro-inflammatory factors in PTZ-induced zebrafish larvae. As mutations in GABRG2 have been associated with fever-associated epilepsy, we used a Tg(hGABRG2F343L) zebrafish model expressing mutant human GABRG2(F343L) to further investigate the involvement of inflammation in fever-induced seizures. Our data indicated that hyperthermia also increased the locomotor activity in Tg(hGABRG2F343L) zebrafish larvae. Although the production of pro-inflammatory factors was upregulated by GABRG2 mutation, hyperthermia did not change the production of pro-inflammatory factors significantly. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was sufficient to increase the locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae, suggesting that inflammation contributed to fever-associated epilepsy. The expression of GABRG2 was increased with PTZ induction, especially at a higher temperature. Moreover, inhibition of inflammation by dexamethasone (DEX) reduced the excitability of zebrafish larvae, especially at a higher temperature. Finally, in vitro experiments proved that LPS stimulation increased the production of IL-1β and IL-6 in GABRG2(F343L) transfected cells. Collectively, our study demonstrated that neuroinflammation was induced in febrile seizures, and the increased expression of IL-1β and IL-6 might be responsible for epileptogenesis. The vicious cycle between fever and inflammation might induce seizure onset, and anti-inflammatory strategies might be a potential treatment for fever-associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahui Sui
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Yun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Department of Neurology & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Kumari S, Dhiman P, Kumar R, Rahmatkar SN, Singh D. Chemo-kindling in adult zebrafish alters spatial cognition but not social novelty recognition. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114158. [PMID: 36243243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, zebrafish have gathered immense attention and importance in the field of neurological sciences. In the case of epilepsy, zebrafish have appeared as a promising acute animal model for the screening and identification of potential antiepileptic molecules. However, the necessity for establishing competent chronic models of epilepsy in zebrafish is apparent. In this regard, recently we developed a chemo-kindling zebrafish model with a better clinical resemblance. In the present study, an attempt to examine the effect of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling on the cognitive functions of zebrafish was made. In brief, adult zebrafish were repetitively given a sub-effective concentration of PTZ, till the onset of clonic-tonic seizures, entitled as kindled. Thereafter, T-maze test and social recognition memory test were conducted to evaluate spatial memory and social novelty recognition memory of the fish. At the end, both the groups were sacrificed and the brains were isolated to estimate neurotransmitter and gene expression levels. It was observed that PTZ kindling induced spatial cognition deficits and lower social exploration in zebrafish. However, it didn't change the novelty recognition memory of kindled zebrafish. The results of genes and neurotransmitters estimations in the brain also supported the behavioural findings. The results concluded that PTZ kindling alters spatial cognitive functions in adult zebrafish without affecting the social novelty recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Kumari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Poonam Dhiman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Leiba J, Özbilgiç R, Hernández L, Demou M, Lutfalla G, Yatime L, Nguyen-Chi M. Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020153. [PMID: 36829432 PMCID: PMC9952950 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of the physiological response to aggressions. It is orchestrated by a plethora of molecules that detect the danger, signal intracellularly, and activate immune mechanisms to fight the threat. Understanding these processes at a level that allows to modulate their fate in a pathological context strongly relies on in vivo studies, as these can capture the complexity of the whole process and integrate the intricate interplay between the cellular and molecular actors of inflammation. Over the years, zebrafish has proven to be a well-recognized model to study immune responses linked to human physiopathology. We here provide a systematic review of the molecular effectors of inflammation known in this vertebrate and recapitulate their modes of action, as inferred from sterile or infection-based inflammatory models. We present a comprehensive analysis of their sequence, expression, and tissue distribution and summarize the tools that have been developed to study their function. We further highlight how these tools helped gain insights into the mechanisms of immune cell activation, induction, or resolution of inflammation, by uncovering downstream receptors and signaling pathways. These progresses pave the way for more refined models of inflammation, mimicking human diseases and enabling drug development using zebrafish models.
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Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of epilepsy: A updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Epilepsy Res 2023; 189:107075. [PMID: 36603453 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of epilepsy. METHODS A comprehensive search of the database in both Chinese and English was performed. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. RESULTS 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 2471 patients. Among them, 4 trials (n = 235) focused on TCM monotherapy, while the other 26 trials (n = 2236) assessed the benefit of TCM as an add-on therapy to antiseizure medications (ASMs). For the efficacy, the meta-analysis found (1) The effective rate in TCM monotherapy group was higher than that in control group (OR = 4.92, 95 % CI: 2.29-10.57, Z = 4.08, P 0.0001); (2) The add-on of TCM also increased the effective rate (OR = 3.37, 95 % CI: 2.65-4.30, Z = 9.85, P 0.00001) and seizure freedom rate (OR = 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.53-2.44, Z = 5.58, P 0.00001). In terms of safety, the add-on of TCM reduced the rate of total adverse events (OR = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.31-0.67, Z = 3.96, P 0.0001) as well as adverse events of the gastrointestinal and nervous system. 26 different TCM prescriptions were used in these included RCTs. Among them, the 5 most frequently used herbs were Acorus tatarinowii (19 out of 26), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (13 out of 26), Gastrodia elata (12 out of 26), Pinellia ternata (11 out of 26) and Poria cocos (11 out of 26). CONCLUSION This study suggested that TCM may be a relatively efficacious and safe clinical strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. Several limitations still exist, such as the risk of bias in the included studies, the diversified composition of TCM prescriptions, and the relatively low quality of study design.
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12
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Mao D, Zheng Y, Xu F, Han X, Zhao H. HMGB1 in nervous system diseases: A common biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1029891. [PMID: 36388178 PMCID: PMC9659947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1029891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein associated with early inflammatory changes upon extracellular secretion expressed in various cells, including neurons and microglia. With the progress of research, neuroinflammation is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, epilepsy, and autism. As a key promoter of neuroinflammation, HMGB1 is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, autism, depression, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, in the clinic, HMGB1 has not been described as a biomarker for the above-mentioned diseases. However, the current preclinical research results show that HMGB1 antagonists have positive significance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and other diseases. This review discusses the possible mechanisms by which HMGB1 mediates Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, autism, depression, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the potential of HMGB1 as a biomarker for these diseases. Future research needs to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyang Zhao
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GLP-1 mediates the neuroprotective action of crocin against cigarette smoking-induced cognitive disorders via suppressing HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108995. [PMID: 35785730 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of cognitive disorders. Although HMGB1 has been connected to various neurological ailments, its role in the pathogenesis of CS-induced cognitive impairments is undefined. With the ability of GLP-1 to lower HMGB1 expression and improve learning and memory performance, we sought to assess the potential neuroprotective efficacy of Crocin (Cro) as a GLP-1 stimulator against CS-induced cognitive impairments, with a focus on the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Fifty adult rats were specified into: Control; Cro (30 mg/kg); CS; Cro then CS and CS concurrently with Cro. Cognitive functions were assessed by MWM, EMP, and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal levels of GLP-1, HMGB1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic markers were detected using ELISA, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Hippocampal oxidant/antioxidant status was evaluated via colorimetric determination of MDA and TAC. The results revealed that Cro either before or along with CS produced a significant improvement in learning and memory. Cro markedly hindered HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB pathway through enhancing GLP-1 level and expression, which in turn suppressed TNF-α and IL-1β levels and alleviated CS-induced neuroinflammation. Cro significantly counteracted CS-triggered oxidative stress as evidenced by reducing MDA level and raising TAC. Histopathologically, Cro lessened neuronal apoptosis by lowering Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at hippocampal CA2 region. These findings confirmed a GLP-1-dependent neuroprotective action of Cro against CS-induced cognitive disorders via suppressing HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB axis.
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Wei X, Zhang B, Wei F, Ding M, Luo Z, Han X, Tan X. Gegen Qinlian pills alleviate carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice model by regulating the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154083. [PMID: 35413645 PMCID: PMC9759718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of thrombotic events is one of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), due to a hyperinflammatory response caused by the virus. Gegen Qinlian Pills (GQP) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine that is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and played an important role in the clinical fight against COVID-19. Although GQP has shown the potential to treat thrombosis, there is no relevant research on its treatment of thrombosis so far. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that GQP may be capable inhibit inflammation-induced thrombosis. STUDY DESIGN We tested our hypothesis in a carrageenan-induced thrombosis mouse model in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. METHODS We used a carrageenan-induced mouse thrombus model to confirm the inhibitory effect of GQP on inflammation-induced thrombus. In vitro, studies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in silico network pharmacology analyses were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GQP and determine the main components, targets, and pathways of GQP, respectively. RESULTS Oral administration of 227.5 mg/kg, 445 mg/kg and 910 mg/kg of GQP significantly inhibited thrombi in the lung, liver, and tail and augmented tail blood flow of carrageenan-induced mice with reduced plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and diminished expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in lung tissues. GQP ethanol extract (1, 2, or 5 μg/ml) also reduced the adhesion of platelets to LPS stimulated HUVECs. The TNF-α and the expression of HMGB1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in LPS stimulated HUVECs were also attenuated. Moreover, we analyzed the components of GQP and inferred the main targets, biological processes, and pathways of GQP in the treatment of inflammation-induced thrombosis through network pharmacology. CONCLUSION Overall, we demonstrated that GQP could reduce inflammation-induced thrombosis by inhibiting HMGB1/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling and provided an accurate explanation for the multi-target, multi-function mechanism of GQP in the treatment of thromboinflammation, and provides a reference for the clinical usage of GQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feiyan Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengze Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinlong Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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15
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Aguilar-Castillo MJ, Cabezudo-García P, Ciano-Petersen NL, García-Martin G, Marín-Gracia M, Estivill-Torrús G, Serrano-Castro PJ. Immune Mechanism of Epileptogenesis and Related Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:716. [PMID: 35327518 PMCID: PMC8945207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologic and neuroinflammatory pathways have been found to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders such as epilepsy, proposing the use of novel therapeutic strategies. In the era of personalized medicine and in the face of the exhaustion of anti-seizure therapeutic resources, it is worth looking at the current or future possibilities that neuroimmunomodulator or anti-inflammatory therapy can offer us in the management of patients with epilepsy. For this reason, we performed a narrative review on the recent advances on the basic epileptogenic mechanisms related to the activation of immunity or neuroinflammation with special attention to current and future opportunities for novel treatments in epilepsy. Neuroinflammation can be considered a universal phenomenon and occurs in structural, infectious, post-traumatic, autoimmune, or even genetically based epilepsies. The emerging research developed in recent years has allowed us to identify the main molecular pathways involved in these processes. These molecular pathways could constitute future therapeutic targets for epilepsy. Different drugs current or in development have demonstrated their capacity to inhibit or modulate molecular pathways involved in the immunologic or neuroinflammatory mechanisms described in epilepsy. Some of them should be tested in the future as possible antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Aguilar-Castillo
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Biotechnology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezudo-García
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermina García-Martin
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Marín-Gracia
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Jesús Serrano-Castro
- Epilepsy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.A.-C.); (P.C.-G.); (N.L.C.-P.); (G.G.-M.); (M.M.-G.); (G.E.-T.)
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (Neuro-RECA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Neurology Service, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Andersson U, Tracey KJ, Yang H. Post-Translational Modification of HMGB1 Disulfide Bonds in Stimulating and Inhibiting Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123323. [PMID: 34943830 PMCID: PMC8699546 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein, is a “damage-associated molecular pattern” molecule (DAMP) implicated in both stimulating and inhibiting innate immunity. As reviewed here, HMGB1 is an oxidation-reduction sensitive DAMP bearing three cysteines, and the post-translational modification of these residues establishes its proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities by binding to different extracellular cell surface receptors. The redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms of HMGB1 also occupy an important niche in innate immunity because HMGB1 may carry other DAMPs and pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs). HMGB1 with DAMP/PAMP cofactors bind to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which internalizes the HMGB1 complexes by endocytosis for incorporation in lysosomal compartments. Intra-lysosomal HMGB1 disrupts lysosomal membranes thereby releasing the HMGB1-transported molecules to stimulate cytosolic sensors that mediate inflammation. This HMGB1-DAMP/PAMP cofactor pathway slowed the development of HMGB1-binding antagonists for diagnostic or therapeutic use. However, recent discoveries that HMGB1 released from neurons mediates inflammation via the TLR4 receptor system, and that cancer cells express fully oxidized HMGB1 as an immunosuppressive mechanism, offer new paths to targeting HMGB1 for inflammation, pain, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(70)-7401740
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (K.J.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (K.J.T.); (H.Y.)
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