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Bhardwaj K, Singh AA, Kumar H. Unveiling the Journey from the Gut to the Brain: Decoding Neurodegeneration-Gut Connection in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2454-2469. [PMID: 38896463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a classical motor disorder affecting the dopaminergic system of the brain, has been as a disease of the brain, but this classical notion has now been viewed differently as the pathology begins in the gut and then gradually moves up to the brain regions. The microorganisms in the gut play a critical role in maintaining the physiology of the gut from maintaining barrier integrity to secretion of microbial products that maintain a healthy gut state. The pathology subsequently alters the normal composition of gut microbes and causes deleterious effects that ultimately trigger strong neuroinflammation and nonmotor symptoms along with characteristic synucleopathy, a pathological hallmark of the disease. Understanding the complex pathomechanisms in distinct and established preclinical models is the primary goal of researchers to decipher how exactly gut pathology has a central effect; the quest has led to many answered and some open-ended questions for researchers. We summarize the popular opinions and some contrasting views, concise footsteps in the treatment strategies targeting the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Opposite Air force station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
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Rahman Z, Padhy HP, Dandekar MP. Cell-Free Supernatant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium breve Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke-Generated Neurological Deficits in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10256-w. [PMID: 38656733 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics have already been registered in managing ischemic stroke-generated neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. Herein, we examined the impact of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58 and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01) in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of focal cerebral injury. Pre-MCAO supplementation of probiotics (2 × 109 CFU/mL) for 21 days or CFS (1 mL/rat) for 7 days protect the MCAO-induced somatosensory and motor impairments recorded at 24 h and 72 h after reperfusion in foot-fault, rotarod, adhesive removal, and vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing tests. We also noted the reduced infarct area and neuronal degradation in the right hemisphere of probiotics- and CFS-recipient MCAO-operated animals. Moreover, MCAO-induced altered concentrations of glial-fibrillary acidic protein, NeuN, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were reversed in the treatment groups. Probiotics and CFS treatment ameliorated the elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP9 in the blood plasma of rats. The disrupted microbial phyla, Firmicutes-to-Bacteroides ratio, villi/crypt ratio, and decreased mucin-producing goblet cells, ZO-1, and occludin in the colon of MCAO-operated rats were recovered following probiotics and CFS treatment. NMR characterization of CFS and rat blood plasma revealed the presence of several important bacterial metabolites. These findings suggest that the CFS obtained from Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58 and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01 has the propensity to improve MCAO-generated neurological dysfunctions in rats by dampening neuroinflammation and modulating the gut-brain axis modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, PIN 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Hara Prasad Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, PIN 500037, Telangana, India.
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Mikulska J, Pietrzak D, Rękawek P, Siudaj K, Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Celiac disease and depressive disorders as nutritional implications related to common factors - A comprehensive review. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114886. [PMID: 38309373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease affecting the small intestine. The only treatment strategy for CD is the gluten-free diet (GFD). One of the more common mental disorders in CD patients is major depressive disorder (MDD). The influence of GFD on the occurrence of MDD symptoms in patients with CD will be evaluated. This diet often reduces nutritional deficiencies in these patients and also helps to reduce depressive symptoms. Both disease entities are often dominated by the same deficiencies of nutrients such as iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, or B and D vitamins. Deficiencies of particular components in CD can favor MDD and vice versa. Gluten can adversely affect the mental state of patients without CD. Also, intestinal microbiota may play an important role in the described process. This work aims to comprehensively assess the common factors involved in the pathomechanisms of MDD and CD, with particular emphasis on nutrient imbalances. Given the complexity of both disease entities, and the many common links, more research related to improving mental health in these patients and the implementation of a GFD would need to be conducted, but it appears to be a viable pathway to improving the quality of life and health of people struggling with CD and MDD. Therefore, probiotics, micronutrients, macronutrients, and vitamin supplements are recommended to reduce the risk of MDD, given that they may alleviate the symptoms of both these disease entities. In turn, in patients with MDD, it is worth considering testing for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulska
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Diana Pietrzak
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Rękawek
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystian Siudaj
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łucja Justyna Walczak-Nowicka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Palepu MSK, Gajula SNR, K M, Sonti R, Dandekar MP. SCFAs Supplementation Rescues Anxiety- and Depression-like Phenotypes Generated by Fecal Engraftment of Treatment-Resistant Depression Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1010-1025. [PMID: 38382546 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) coexisted with stress-generated brain disorders, including depression. Herein, we investigated the effect of SCFAs in a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) model of rat. Rats were exposed to chronic-unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections to generate a TRD-like phenotype. The cecal contents of these animals were engrafted into healthy-recipient rats and allowed to colonize for 4 weeks (TRD-FMT group). Blood, brain, colon, fecal, and cecal samples were collected for molecular studies. Rats exposed to CUMS + ACTH showed TRD-like phenotypes in sucrose-preference (SPT), forced swim (FST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The TRD-FMT group also exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Administration of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 67.5, 25, and 40 mM, respectively) for 7 days exerted robust antidepressant and antianxiety effects by restoring the levels of SCFAs in plasma and fecal samples, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex of TRD and TRD-FMT animals. SCFAs treatment elevated the expression of free-fatty acid receptors 2/3, BDNF, doublecortin, and zonula-occludens, and reduced the elevated plasma levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid and increased mucus-producing goblet cells in TRD and TRD-FMT animals. In 16S sequencing results, decreased microbial diversity in TRD rats corresponds with differences in the genus of Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Allobaculum, Blautia, Peptococcus, Rombustia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Solobacterium, Subdolibacterium, and Eubacterium ventriosum. SCFAs may impart beneficial effects via modulation of tryptophan metabolism, inflammation, neurotransmitters, and microbiota-gut-brain axis in TRD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Malleshwari K
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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YONOICHI S, HARA Y, ISHIDA Y, SHODA A, KIMURA M, MURATA M, NUNOBIKI S, ITO M, YOSHIMOTO A, MANTANI Y, YOKOYAMA T, HIRANO T, IKENAKA Y, YOKOI Y, AYABE T, NAKAMURA K, HOSHI N. Effects of exposure to the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin on α-defensin secretion and gut microbiota in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:277-284. [PMID: 38267031 PMCID: PMC10963084 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin (CLO) disrupts the intestinal microbiota of experimental animals is unknown. We focused on α-defensins, which are regulators of the intestinal microbiota. Subchronic exposure to CLO induced dysbiosis and reduced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of mice. Levels of cryptdin-1 (Crp1, a major α-defensin in mice) in feces and cecal contents were lower in the CLO-exposed groups than in control. In Crp1 immunostaining, Paneth cells in the jejunum and ileum of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level CLO-exposed group showed a stronger positive signal than control, likely due to the suppression of Crp1 release. Our results showed that CLO exposure suppresses α-defensin secretion from Paneth cells as part of the mechanism underlying CLO-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura YONOICHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukako HARA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuya ISHIDA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asuka SHODA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mako KIMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Midori MURATA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sarika NUNOBIKI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makiko ITO
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayano YOSHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Youhei MANTANI
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi YOKOYAMA
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi HIRANO
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yuki YOKOI
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science,
Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi AYABE
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science,
Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiminori NAKAMURA
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science,
Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko HOSHI
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
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Negi A, Pasam T, Farqadain SM, Mahalaxmi Y, Dandekar MP. In-vitro and preclinical testing of bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae021. [PMID: 38406637 PMCID: PMC10891425 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14. Materials and methods According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of B. subtilis UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw. Results Incubation of B. subtilis UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of B. subtilis UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion B. subtilis UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Syed Muhammad Farqadain
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Y Mahalaxmi
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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Sah RK, Nandan A, Kv A, S P, S S, Jose A, Venkidasamy B, Nile SH. Decoding the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain axis, stress-resilience, or stress-susceptibility: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103861. [PMID: 38134565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Kv
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathianarayanan S
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Jose
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Yonoichi S, Hirano T, Hara Y, Ishida Y, Shoda A, Kimura M, Murata M, Mantani Y, Yokoyama T, Ikenaka Y, Hoshi N. Effects of exposure to the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin on mouse intestinal microbiota under unpredictable environmental stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116795. [PMID: 38160895 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated the toxicity of neonicotinoid pesticides (NNs) in mammals through their interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These effects are reported to extend to the intestinal microbiota as well. In addition, environmental stress affects the expression of nAChRs, which may alter sensitivity to NNs. In this study, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota of mice exposed to clothianidin (CLO), a type of NN, under environmental stress, and aimed to clarify the effects of such combined exposure on the intestinal microbiota. C57BL/6N male mice (9 weeks old) were subchronically administered a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) CLO-mixed rehydration gel for 29 days and simultaneously subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After the administration period, cecum contents were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing for intestinal microbiota. CLO exposure alone resulted in alterations in the relative abundance of Alistipes and ASF356, which produce short-chain fatty acids. The addition of CUMS amplified these changes. On the other hand, CLO alone did not affect the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, but the abundance decreased when CUMS was added. This study revealed that the combined exposure to CLO and stress not only amplifies their individual effects on intestinal microbiota but also demonstrates combined and multifaceted toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Yonoichi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yukako Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishida
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Shoda
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mako Kimura
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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10
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Rupareliya VP, Singh AA, Butt AM, A H, Kumar H. The "molecular soldiers" of the CNS: Astrocytes, a comprehensive review on their roles and molecular signatures. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176048. [PMID: 37758010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, neurons held the position of central players in the nervous system. Since there are far more astrocytes than neurons in the brain, it makes us wonder if these cells just take up space and support the neurons or if they are actively participating in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Now, astrocytes' contribution to CNS physiology is appreciated as they are known to regulate ion and neurotransmitter levels, synapse formation and elimination, blood-brain barrier integrity, immune function, cerebral blood flow, and many more. In many neurological and psychiatric disorders, astrocyte functions are altered. Advancements in microscopic and transcriptomic tools revealed populations of astrocytes with varied morphology, electrophysiological properties, and transcriptomic profiles. Neuron-circuit-specific functions and neuron-specific interactions of astroglial subpopulations are found, which suggests that diversity is essential in carrying out diverse region-specific CNS functions. Investigations on heterogeneous astrocyte populations are revealing new astrocyte functions and their role in pathological conditions, opening a new therapeutic avenue for targeting neurological conditions. The true extent of astrocytic heterogeneity and its functional implications are yet to be fully explored. This review summarizes essential astrocytic functions and their relevance in pathological conditions and discusses astrocytic diversity in relation to morphology, function, and gene expression throughout the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal P Rupareliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ayub Mohammed Butt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hariharan A
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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11
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Ghuge S, Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain probiotic rescinds quinpirole-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes by reshaping of microbiota gut-brain axis in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173652. [PMID: 37804865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that poses recurring bothersome intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions. Considering the positive impact of probiotics on neuropsychiatric disorders, herein, we investigated the effect of multistrain probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and glutamine) in the management of OCD-like phenotype in rats. Rats injected with quinpirole for 5 weeks showed an increased number of marble burying and self-grooming episodes. Quinpirole-injected animals also did less head dipping in the hole board test and avoided exploration of open spaces in the elevated-plus maze. These repetitive, compulsive, self-directed, and anxiety-like phenotypes were abolished after 8-week of multistrain probiotic treatment. The probiotic formulation also prevented the elevated mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in the amygdala and dysregulated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex of quinpirole-injected rats. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex remained unaffected across the groups. The altered levels of goblet cells and crypt-to-villi ratio in quinpirole rats were prevented by multistrain probiotic treatment. The results of 16S-rRNA gene-sequencing of gut microbiota from feces contents revealed an elevation in the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium species (specifically Bifidobacterium animalis), while the presence of Lactobacillus species (including Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis) exhibited a decline in quinpirole-induced rats. These results imply that modifying the gut-brain axis may be a possible mechanism by which selective multistrain probiotic therapy prevents OCD-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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12
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Jiang C, Wang C, Qu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Wei X, Wang M, He Q, Wang Y, Yuan L, Gao Y. Cherry leaf decoction inhibits NMDAR expression and thereby ameliorates CUMS- induced depression-like behaviors through downregulation of α2δ-1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21743. [PMID: 38034773 PMCID: PMC10681947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex and prevalent mental illness. Cherry leaf is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has confirmed to exert a certain antidepressant effect, but its potential neural regulation mechanism is not clear. This paper aims to investigate the improved action of cherry leaf decoction (CLD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and its potential neural regulation mechanism by verifying the role and function of NMDAR regulatory target α2δ-1 in depression due to CUMS. Male SD rats were subjected to random stressors persisting for 5 weeks to establish the CUMS depression rat model. CLD could effectively alleviate depression-like behaviors of CUMS rats in behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. After the administration of the CLD, the expression of corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus was inhibited. Moreover, the levels of CRH, adrenal cortical hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in serum also decreased significantly. CUMS upregulated the expressions of α2δ-1, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), NR2A and NR2B, and enhanced the binding ability to of α2δ-1 and NR1, which were reversed by CLD. The results demonstrated that CLD could ameliorate depression-like behaviors due to CUMS, which was related to the fact that CLD down-regulated α2δ-1 level and interfered with α2δ-1 binding to NR1, thereby reducing NMDAR expression and ultimately inhibiting HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yuan
- Department of Humanities and Management, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kamble SR, Dandekar MP. Implication of microbiota gut-brain axis in the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176014. [PMID: 37619786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the key role of gut microbiota in the development of psychiatric disorders. The adverse impact of stress, anxiety, and depression has been well documented on the commensal gut microflora. Thus, therapeutic benefits of gut microbiota-based interventions may not be avoided in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge of gut microbiota with respect to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We discuss how OCD-generated changes corresponding to the key neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and immunological and inflammatory pathways are connected with the modifications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Notably, administration of few probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum R0175, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Lactobacillus casei Shirota imparted positive effects in the management of OCD symptoms. Taken together, we suggest that the gut microbiota-directed therapeutics may open new treatment approaches for the management of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Kamble
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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14
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Querdasi FR, Enders C, Karnani N, Broekman B, Yap Seng C, Gluckman PD, Mary Daniel L, Yap F, Eriksson JG, Cai S, Chong MFF, Toh JY, Godfrey K, Meaney MJ, Callaghan BL. Multigenerational adversity impacts on human gut microbiome composition and socioemotional functioning in early childhood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213768120. [PMID: 37463211 PMCID: PMC10372691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213768120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adversity exposures in the prenatal and postnatal period are associated with an increased risk for psychopathology, which can be perpetuated across generations. Nonhuman animal research highlights the gut microbiome as a putative biological mechanism underlying such generational risks. In a sample of 450 mother-child dyads living in Singapore, we examined associations between three distinct adversity exposures experienced across two generations-maternal childhood maltreatment, maternal prenatal anxiety, and second-generation children's exposure to stressful life events-and the gut microbiome composition of second-generation children at 2 y of age. We found distinct differences in gut microbiome profiles linked to each adversity exposure, as well as some nonaffected microbiome features (e.g., beta diversity). Remarkably, some of the microbial taxa associated with concurrent and prospective child socioemotional functioning shared overlapping putative functions with those affected by adversity, suggesting that the intergenerational transmission of adversity may have a lasting impact on children's mental health via alterations to gut microbiome functions. Our findings open up a new avenue of research into the underlying mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of mental health risks and the potential of the gut microbiome as a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R. Querdasi
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Craig Enders
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Birit Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Chong Yap Seng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland1023, New Zealand
| | - Lourdes Mary Daniel
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
- Department of Child Development, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hopsital, Singapore229899, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore636921, Singapore
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Singapore
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00100Helsinki, Finland
- Program of Public Health Research, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117561, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Keith Godfrey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- Department of Human Development, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
- Brain–Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Bridget L. Callaghan
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095
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15
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Xiong RG, Li J, Cheng J, Zhou DD, Wu SX, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Yang ZJ, Gan RY, Li HB. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37513676 PMCID: PMC10384867 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
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16
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Torraville SE, Flynn CM, Kendall TL, Yuan Q. Life Experience Matters: Enrichment and Stress Can Influence the Likelihood of Developing Alzheimer's Disease via Gut Microbiome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1884. [PMID: 37509523 PMCID: PMC10377385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed from abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins (ptau). To date, there is no cure for AD. Earlier therapeutic efforts have focused on the clinical stages of AD. Despite paramount efforts and costs, pharmaceutical interventions including antibody therapies targeting Aβ have largely failed. This highlights the need to alternate treatment strategies and a shift of focus to early pre-clinical stages. Approximately 25-40% of AD cases can be attributed to environmental factors including chronic stress. Gut dysbiosis has been associated with stress and the pathogenesis of AD and can increase both Aβ and NFTs in animal models of the disease. Both stress and enrichment have been shown to alter AD progression and gut health. Targeting stress-induced gut dysbiosis through probiotic supplementation could provide a promising intervention to delay disease progression. In this review, we discuss the effects of stress, enrichment, and gut dysbiosis in AD models and the promising evidence from probiotic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Torraville
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Flynn
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tori L Kendall
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Qi Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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17
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Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain Probiotics with Fructooligosaccharides Improve Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Driven Neurological Deficits by Revamping Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10109-y. [PMID: 37365420 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent burgeoning literature unveils the importance of gut microbiota in the neuropathology of post-stroke brain injury and recovery. Indeed, ingestion of prebiotics/probiotics imparts positive effects on post-stroke brain injury, neuroinflammation, gut dysbiosis, and intestinal integrity. However, information on the disease-specific preference of selective prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics and their underlying mechanism is yet elusive. Herein, we examined the effect of a new synbiotic formulation containing multistrain probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri UBLRu-87, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus salivarius UBLS-22, and Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01), and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of cerebral ischemia in female and male rats. Three weeks pre-MCAO administration of synbiotic rescinded the MCAO-induced sensorimotor and motor deficits on day 3 post-stroke in rotarod, foot-fault, adhesive removal, and paw whisker test. We also observed a decrease in infarct volume and neuronal death in the ipsilateral hemisphere of synbiotic-treated MCAO rats. The synbiotic treatment also reversed the elevated levels/mRNA expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NeuN, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and caspase-3 and decreased levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 in MCAO rats. 16S rRNA gene-sequencing data of intestinal contents indicated an increase in genus/species of Prevotella (Prevotella copri), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus reuteri), Roseburia, Allobaculum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and decreased abundance of Helicobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Akkermansia (Akkermansia muciniphila) in synbiotic-treated rats compared to the MCAO surgery group. These findings confer the potential benefits of our novel synbiotic preparation for MCAO-induced neurological dysfunctions by reshaping the gut-brain-axis mediators in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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18
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Liao J, Cao Y, Zhao J, Yu B, Wang Y, Li W, Li H, Lv S, Wen W, Cui H, Chen Y. Aqueous extract of Polygala japonica Houtt. ameliorated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through restoring the gut microbiota disorders and affecting the metabolites in feces and liver. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154937. [PMID: 37393831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygala japonica Houtt. (PJ) has been demonstrated with several biological potentials such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects and mechanisms of PJ on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PJ on NASH and illustrate the mechanism based on modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS NASH mouse model was induced using methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet and orally treated with PJ. The therapeutic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects of PJ on mice with NASH were firstly assessed. Then, the gut microbiota of mice was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the changes. Finally, the effects of PJ on the metabolites in liver and feces were explored by untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS The results indicated that PJ could improve hepatic steatosis, liver injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in NASH mice. PJ treatment also affected the diversity of gut microbiota and changed the relative abundances of Faecalibaculum. Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Dubosiella, Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter in NASH mice. In addition, PJ treatment modulated 59 metabolites both in liver and feces. Metabolites involved in histidine, and tryptophan metabolism pathways were identified as the key metabolites according to the correlation analysis between differential gut microbiota and metabolites. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potentials of PJ on NASH. The mechanisms of PJ treatment were related to the improvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of histidine and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liao
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Bolun Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shuquan Lv
- Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China; Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
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19
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Chirumbolo S, Candiano B, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Pascale A. The Brain-Gut-Microbiota Interplay in Depression: a key to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106799. [PMID: 37211239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is emerging as a key regulator of the central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune and metabolic functions. In turn, the brain influences the intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis. The balance of this bidirectional crosstalk is important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis and gut permeability negatively affect brain development, behavior, and cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes in the GM composition in depressed patients are reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of common antidepressants by affecting their absorption, metabolism, and activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape in turn the GM with an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of the pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing the correct homeostatic gut balance (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions) represent an innovative approach to improve the pharmacotherapy of depression. Among these, probiotics and the Mediterranean diet, alone or in combination with the standard of care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, the disclosure of the intricate network between GM and depression will give precious insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches towards depression, with profound implications for drug development and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Candiano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carrara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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20
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Jellinger KA. The heterogeneity of late-life depression and its pathobiology: a brain network dysfunction disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023:10.1007/s00702-023-02648-z. [PMID: 37145167 PMCID: PMC10162005 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is frequent in older individuals and is often associated with cognitive impairment and increasing risk of subsequent dementia. Late-life depression (LLD) has a negative impact on quality of life, yet the underlying pathobiology is still poorly understood. It is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation, genetics, brain morphology, and function. Although its diagnosis is based on standard criteria, due to overlap with other age-related pathologies, the relationship between depression and dementia and the relevant structural and functional cerebral lesions are still controversial. LLD has been related to a variety of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the underlying age-related neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular processes. In addition to biochemical abnormalities, involving serotonergic and GABAergic systems, widespread disturbances of cortico-limbic, cortico-subcortical, and other essential brain networks, with disruption in the topological organization of mood- and cognition-related or other global connections are involved. Most recent lesion mapping has identified an altered network architecture with "depressive circuits" and "resilience tracts", thus confirming that depression is a brain network dysfunction disorder. Further pathogenic mechanisms including neuroinflammation, neuroimmune dysregulation, oxidative stress, neurotrophic and other pathogenic factors, such as β-amyloid (and tau) deposition are in discussion. Antidepressant therapies induce various changes in brain structure and function. Better insights into the complex pathobiology of LLD and new biomarkers will allow earlier and better diagnosis of this frequent and disabling psychopathological disorder, and further elucidation of its complex pathobiological basis is warranted in order to provide better prevention and treatment of depression in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, 1150, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Kommalapati HS, Pilli P, Samanthula G. Green sample preparation in bioanalysis: where are we now? Bioanalysis 2023; 15:363-366. [PMID: 37141420 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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22
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Cho H, Jo M, Oh H, Lee Y, Park Y. Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and probiotics through the brain-gut axis in rats exposed to chronic mild stress. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109326. [PMID: 36963732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and probiotics have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA combined with live and dead probiotics synergistically improves depression by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonergic pathways through the brain-gut axis. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8/group): non-chronic mild stress (CMS) with n-6 PUFA, CMS with n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, live probiotics, dead probiotics, n-3 PUFA and live probiotics, and n-3 PUFA and dead probiotics. Diets of n-6 and n-3 PUFA and oral supplementation of live and dead probiotics were provided for 12 weeks, and CMS was performed for the last 5 weeks. N-3 PUFA and probiotics improved depressive behaviors and modulated the brain and gut HPA axis by synergistically increasing glucocorticoid receptor expression and decreasing corticotropin-releasing factor expression and blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone. N-3 PUFA and probiotics upregulated the brain serotonergic pathway through serotonin levels and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated cAMP response binding protein, and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor while downregulating the gut serotonergic pathway. Furthermore, n-3 PUFA and probiotics increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, brain and gut short chain fatty acid levels, and occludin expression while decreasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E2 and blood lipopolysaccharides levels. There was no significant difference between the live and dead probiotics. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA and probiotics had synergistic antidepressant-like effects on the HPA axis and serotonergic pathways of the brain and gut through the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Miyea Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Haemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yunjung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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23
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Satti S, Palepu MSK, Singh AA, Jaiswal Y, Dash SP, Gajula SNR, Chaganti S, Samanthula G, Sonti R, Dandekar MP. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 mediate via reshaping of microbiome gut-brain axis in rats. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105483. [PMID: 36641109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the rising cases of treatment-refractory affective disorders, the discovery of newer therapeutic approaches is needed. In recent times, probiotics have garnered notable attention in managing stress-related disorders. Herein, we examined the effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2® probiotic on anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes employing maternal separation (MS) and chronic-unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in rats. METHODS Both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MS + CUMS. Probiotic treatment was provided for 6 weeks via drinking water. Anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes were assessed using sucrose-preference test (SPT), forced-swimming test (FST), elevated-plus maze test (EPM), and open-field test (OFT). Blood, brain, intestine, and fecal samples were obtained for biochemical and molecular studies. RESULTS Stress-exposed rats drank less sucrose solution, showed increased passivity, and explored less in open-arms in SPT, FST, and EPM, respectively. These stress-generated neurobehavioral aberrations were alleviated by 6-week of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 treatment. The overall locomotor activity in OFT remained unchanged. The decreased levels of BDNF and serotonin and increased levels of C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, and dopamine, in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex of stress-exposed rats were reversed following probiotic treatment. Administration of probiotic also restored the systemic levels of L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, kynurenic-acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, villi/crypt ratio, goblet-cell count, Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio, and levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fecal samples. These results indicate remodeling of the microbiome gut-brain axis in Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 recipient rats. However, protein levels of doublecortin, GFAP, and zona occludens in the hippocampus and occludin-immunoreactivity in the intestine remained unchanged. No prominent sex-specific changes were noted. CONCLUSION Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 in MS + CUMS rat model may be mediated via reshaping the microbiome gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilakshmi Satti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yash Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surya Prakash Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sowmya Chaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Hyderabad, India.
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24
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Involvement of Microbiome Gut–Brain Axis in Neuroprotective Effect of Quercetin in Mouse Model of Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2022:10.1007/s12017-022-08732-z. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Kumar Palepu MS, Dandekar MP. Remodeling of microbiota gut-brain axis using psychobiotics in depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175171. [PMID: 35926568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder mainly orchestrated by dysfunction of neuroendocrine, neurochemical, immune, and metabolic systems. The interconnection of gut microbiota perturbation with the central nervous system disorders has been well documented in recent times. Indeed, alteration of commensal intestinal microflora is noted in several psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression, which are presumed to be routed through the enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, endocrine, and immune system. This review summarises the new mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbiota and brain involved in the management of depression. Depression-induced changes in the commensal intestinal microbiota are majorly linked with the disruption of gut integrity, hyperinflammation, and modulation of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, kynurenine metabolites, endocannabinoids, brain-derived neurotropic factors, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut peptides. The restoration of gut microbiota with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods (psychobiotics) has gained a considerable attention for the management of depression. Recent evidence also propose the role of gut microbiota in the process of treatment-resistant depression. Thus, remodeling of the microbiota-gut-brain axis using psychobiotics appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for the reversal of psychiatric disorders, and it is imperative to decipher the underlying mechanisms for gut-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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