1
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Kuznetsov AV. The growth rate of senile plaques is determined by the competition between the rate of deposition of free Aβ aggregates into plaques and the autocatalytic production of free Aβ aggregates. J Theor Biol 2024; 593:111900. [PMID: 38992461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits (senile plaques) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates what processes are primarily responsible for their formation. A model is developed to simulate the diffusion of amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers, the production of free Aβ aggregates through nucleation and autocatalytic processes, and the deposition of these aggregates into senile plaques. The model suggests that efficient degradation of Aβ monomers alone may suffice to prevent the growth of senile plaques, even without degrading Aβ aggregates and existing plaques. This is because the degradation of Aβ monomers interrupts the supply of reactants needed for plaque formation. The impact of Aβ monomer diffusivity is demonstrated to be small, enabling the application of the lumped capacitance approximation and the derivation of approximate analytical solutions for limiting cases with both small and large rates of Aβ aggregate deposition into plaques. It is found that the rate of plaque growth is governed by two competing processes. One is the deposition rate of free Aβ aggregates into senile plaques. If this rate is small, the plaque grows slowly. However, if the rate of deposition of Aβ aggregates into senile plaques is very large, the free Aβ aggregates are removed from the intracellular fluid by deposition into the plaques, leaving insufficient free Aβ aggregates to catalyze the production of new aggregates. This suggests that under certain conditions, Aβ plaques may offer neuroprotection and impede their own growth. Additionally, it indicates that there exists an optimal rate of deposition of free Aβ aggregates into the plaques, at which the plaques attain their maximum size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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2
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Leri M, Sun D, Svedružic ŽM, Šulskis D, Smirnovas V, Stefani M, Morozova-Roche L, Bucciantini M. Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 targeted by a natural molecule to prevent neurodegeneration onset. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133838. [PMID: 39002917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of the pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 has been implicated in neuroinflammatory cascades in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). S100A9 co-aggregates with other proteins such as α-synuclein in PD and Aβ in AD, contributing to amyloid plaque formation and neurotoxicity. The amyloidogenic nature of this protein and its role in chronic neuroinflammation suggest that it may play a key role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Research into molecules targeting S100A9 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent its amyloidogenic self-assembly and to attenuate the neuroinflammatory response in affected brain tissue. This work suggests that bioactive natural molecules, such as those found in the Mediterranean diet, may have the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation associated with the accumulation of proteins such as S100A9 in neurodegenerative diseases. A major component of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), hydroxytyrosol (HT), with its ability to interact with and modulate S100A9 amyloid self-assembly and expression, offers a compelling approach for the development of novel and effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of ND. The findings highlight the importance of exploring natural compounds, such as HT, as potential therapeutic options for these complex and challenging neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710127 Xi'an, China
| | - Željko M Svedružic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Darius Šulskis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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3
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Chisholm LO, Jeon CK, Prell JS, Harms MJ. Changing expression system alters oligomerization and proinflammatory activity of recombinant human S100A9. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.608001. [PMID: 39185185 PMCID: PMC11343194 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.608001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
S100A9 is a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) that activates the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Despite many years of study, the mechanism of activation remains unknown. To date, much of the biochemical characterization of S100A9 has been performed using recombinant S100A9 expressed in E. coli (S100A9 ec ). TLR4 is the canonical receptor for LPS, a molecule found in the outer membrane of E. coli , raising the possibility of artifacts due to LPS contamination. Here we report characterization of LPS-free recombinant S100A9 expressed in insect cells (S100A9 in ). We show that S100A9 in does not activate TLR4. This difference does not appear to be due to LPS contamination, protein misfolding, purification artifacts, or differences in phosphorylation. We show instead that S100A9 in adopts an altered oligomeric state compared to S100A9 ec . Disrupting oligomer formation with the E. coli disaggregase SlyD restores activity to S100A9 in . Our results also indicate that the oligomeric state of S100A9 is a major factor in its ability to activate TLR4 and that this can be altered in unexpected ways by the recombinant expression system used to produce the protein.
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4
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Ziaunys M, Sulskis D, Mikalauskaite K, Sakalauskas A, Snieckute R, Smirnovas V. S100A9 inhibits and redirects prion protein 89-230 fragment amyloid aggregation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110087. [PMID: 38977154 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation in the form of amyloid fibrils has long been associated with the onset and development of various amyloidoses, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or prion diseases. Recent studies of their fibril formation process have revealed that amyloidogenic protein cross-interactions may impact aggregation pathways and kinetic parameters, as well as the structure of the resulting aggregates. Despite a growing number of reports exploring this type of interaction, they only cover just a small number of possible amyloidogenic protein pairings. One such pair is between two neurodegeneration-associated proteins: the pro-inflammatory S100A9 and prion protein, which are known to co-localize in vivo. In this study, we examined their cross-interaction in vitro and discovered that the fibrillar form of S100A9 modulated the aggregation pathway of mouse prion protein 89-230 fragment, while non-aggregated S100A9 also significantly inhibited its primary nucleation process. These results complement previous observations of the pro-inflammatory protein's role in amyloid aggregation and highlight its potential role against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Ziaunys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Darius Sulskis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kamile Mikalauskaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Sakalauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Snieckute
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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5
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Tiroli-Cepeda AO, Linhares LA, Aragão AZB, de Jesus JR, Wasilewska-Sampaio AP, De Felice FG, Ferreira ST, Borges JC, Cyr DM, Ramos CHI. Type I Hsp40s/DnaJs aggregates exhibit features reminiscent of amyloidogenic structures. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38975859 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A rise in temperature triggers a structural change in the human Type I 40 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp40/DnaJ), known as DNAJA1. This change leads to a less compact structure, characterized by an increased presence of solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches and β-sheet-rich regions. This transformation is validated by circular dichroism, thioflavin T binding, and Bis-ANS assays. The formation of this β-sheet-rich conformation, which is amplified in the absence of zinc, leads to protein aggregation. This aggregation is induced not only by high temperatures but also by low ionic strength and high protein concentration. The aggregated conformation exhibits characteristics of an amyloidogenic structure, including a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern, seeding competence (which stimulates the formation of amyloid-like aggregates), cytotoxicity, resistance to SDS, and fibril formation. Interestingly, the yeast Type I Ydj1 also tends to adopt a similar β-sheet-rich structure under comparable conditions, whereas Type II Hsp40s, whether human or from yeast, do not. Moreover, Ydj1 aggregates were found to be cytotoxic. Studies using DNAJA1- and Ydj1-deleted mutants suggest that the zinc-finger region plays a crucial role in amyloid formation. Our discovery of amyloid aggregation in a C-terminal deletion mutant of DNAJA1, which resembles a spliced homolog expressed in the testis, implies that Type I Hsp40 co-chaperones may generate amyloidogenic species in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Tiroli-Cepeda
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Linhares
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Annelize Z B Aragão
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jemmyson R de Jesus
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H I Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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6
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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7
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Kuznetsov AV. Numerical modeling of senile plaque development under conditions of limited diffusivity of amyloid-β monomers. J Theor Biol 2024; 587:111823. [PMID: 38608804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new model to simulate the progression of senile plaques, focusing on scenarios where concentrations of amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers and aggregates vary between neurons. Extracellular variations in these concentrations may arise due to limited diffusivity of Aβ monomers and a high rate of Aβ monomer production at lipid membranes, requiring a substantial concentration gradient for diffusion-driven transport of Aβ monomers. The dimensionless formulation of the model is presented, which identifies four key dimensionless parameters governing the solutions for Aβ monomer and aggregate concentrations, as well as the radius of a growing Aβ plaque within the control volume. These parameters include the dimensionless diffusivity of Aβ monomers, the dimensionless rate of Aβ monomer production, and the dimensionless half-lives of Aβ monomers and aggregates. A dimensionless parameter is then introduced to evaluate the validity of the lumped capacitance approximation. An approximate solution is derived for the scenario involving large diffusivity of Aβ monomers and dysfunctional protein degradation machinery, resulting in infinitely long half-lives for Aβ monomers and aggregates. In this scenario, the concentrations of Aβ aggregates and the radius of the Aβ plaque depend solely on a single dimensionless parameter that characterizes the rate of Aβ monomer production. According to the approximate solution, the concentration of Aβ aggregates is linearly dependent on the rate of monomer production, and the radius of an Aβ plaque is directly proportional to the cube root of the rate of monomer production. However, when departing from the conditions of the approximate solution (e.g., finite half-lives), the concentrations of Aβ monomers and aggregates, along with the plaque radius, exhibit complex dependencies on all four dimensionless parameters. For instance, under physiological half-life conditions, the plaque radius reaches a maximum value and stabilizes thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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8
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Kuznetsov AV. Numerical and Analytical Simulation of the Growth of Amyloid-β Plaques. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:061004. [PMID: 38421364 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerical and analytical solutions were employed to calculate the radius of an amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque over time. To the author's knowledge, this study presents the first model simulating the growth of Aβ plaques. Findings indicate that the plaque can attain a diameter of 50 μm after 20 years of growth, provided the Aβ monomer degradation machinery is malfunctioning. A mathematical model incorporates nucleation and autocatalytic growth processes using the Finke-Watzky model. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations was solved numerically, and for the simplified case of infinitely long Aβ monomer half-life, an analytical solution was found. Assuming that Aβ aggregates stick together and using the distance between the plaques as an input parameter of the model, it was possible to calculate the plaque radius from the concentration of Aβ aggregates. This led to the "cube root hypothesis," positing that Aβ plaque size increases proportionally to the cube root of time. This hypothesis helps explain why larger plaques grow more slowly. Furthermore, the obtained results suggest that the plaque size is independent of the kinetic constants governing Aβ plaque agglomeration, indicating that the kinetics of Aβ plaque agglomeration is not a limiting factor for plaque growth. Instead, the plaque growth rate is limited by the rates of Aβ monomer production and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910
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9
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Baronaitė I, Šulskis D, Kopu̅stas A, Tutkus M, Smirnovas V. Formation of Calprotectin Inhibits Amyloid Aggregation of S100A8 and S100A9 Proteins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1915-1925. [PMID: 38634811 PMCID: PMC11066842 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium-binding S100A8 and S100A9 proteins play a significant role in various disorders due to their pro-inflammatory functions. Substantially, they are also relevant in neurodegenerative disorders via the delivery of signals for the immune response. However, at the same time, they can aggregate and accelerate the progression of diseases. Natively, S100A8 and S100A9 exist as homo- and heterodimers, but upon aggregation, they form amyloid-like oligomers, fibrils, or amorphous aggregates. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the aggregation propensities of S100A8, S100A9, and their heterodimer calprotectin by investigating aggregation kinetics, secondary structures, and morphologies of the aggregates. For the first time, we followed the in vitro aggregation of S100A8, which formed spherical aggregates, unlike the fibrillar structures of S100A9 under the same conditions. The aggregates were sensitive to amyloid-specific ThT and ThS dyes and had a secondary structure composed of β-sheets. Similarly to S100A9, S100A8 protein was stabilized by calcium ions, resulting in aggregation inhibition. Finally, the formation of S100A8 and S100A9 heterodimers stabilized the proteins in the absence of calcium ions and prevented their aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Baronaitė
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Darius Šulskis
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Kopu̅stas
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marijonas Tutkus
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Molecular Compound Physics, Center for
Physical Sciences and Technology, LT- 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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10
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Kuznetsov AV. Lewy body radius growth: The hypothesis of the cube root of time dependency. J Theor Biol 2024; 581:111734. [PMID: 38246486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a model for the growth of Lewy bodies (LBs), which are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). The model simulates the growth of classical LBs, consisting of a core and a halo. The core is assumed to comprise lipid membrane fragments and damaged organelles, while the halo consists of radiating alpha-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. The Finke-Watzky model is employed to simulate the aggregation of lipid fragments and α-syn monomers. Analytical and numerical exploration of the governing equations yielded approximate solutions applicable for larger times. The application of these approximate solutions to simulate LB radius growth led to the discovery of the cube root hypothesis, which posits that the LB radius is proportional to the cube root of its growth time. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the LB radius is unaffected by the kinetic rates of nucleation and autocatalytic growth, with growth primarily regulated by the production rates of lipid membrane fragments and α-syn monomers. The model indicates that the formation of large LBs associated with PD is dependent on the malfunction of the machinery responsible for the degradation of lipid membrane fragments, α-syn monomers, and their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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11
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Wang J, Dai L, Chen S, Zhang Z, Fang X, Zhang Z. Protein-protein interactions regulating α-synuclein pathology. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:209-226. [PMID: 38355325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs). The main proteinaceous component of LBs is aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). However, the mechanisms underlying α-syn aggregation are not yet fully understood. Converging lines of evidence indicate that, under certain pathological conditions, various proteins can interact with α-syn and regulate its aggregation. Understanding these protein-protein interactions is crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms contributing to PD pathogenesis. In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge on protein-protein interactions that regulate α-syn aggregation. Additionally, we briefly summarize the methods used to investigate the influence of protein-protein interactions on α-syn aggregation and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lijun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China.
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12
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Naaman E, Qarawani A, Ben-Zvi Elimelech R, Harel M, Sigal-Dror S, Safuri S, Smirnovas V, Baronaite I, Romanova NV, Morozova-Roche LA, Zayit-Soudry S. The Surprising Nonlinear Effects of S100A9 Proteins in the Retina. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:735-744. [PMID: 38324770 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease in which inflammation is implicated as a key factor but the precise molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. AMD lesions contain an excess of the pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein, but its retinal significance was yet unexplored. S100A9 was shown to be intrinsically amyloidogenic in vitro and in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that the retinal effects of S100A9 are related to its supramolecular conformation. ARPE-19 cultures were treated with native dimeric and fibrillar S100A9 preparations, and cell viability was determined. Wild-type rats were treated intravitreally with the S100A9 solutions in the right eye and with the vehicle in the left. Retinal function was assessed longitudinally by electroretinography (ERG), comparing the amplitudes and configurations for each intervention. Native S100A9 had no impact on cellular viability in vitro or on the retinal function in vivo. Despite dispersed intracellular uptake, fibrillar S100A9 did not decrease ARPE-19 cell viability. In contrast, S100A9 fibrils impaired retinal function in vivo following intravitreal injection in rats. Intriguingly, low-dose fibrillar S100A9 induced contrasting in vivo effects, significantly increasing the ERG responses, particularly over 14 days postinjection. The retinal effects of S100A9 were further characterized by glial and microglial cell activation. We provide the first indication for the retinal effects of S100A9, showing that its fibrils inflicted retinal dysfunction and glial activation in vivo, while low dose of the same assemblies resulted in an unpredicted enhancement of the ERG amplitudes. These nonlinear responses highlight the consequences of self-assembly of S100A9 and provide insight into its pathophysiological and possibly physiological roles in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Naaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Amanda Qarawani
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 69094, Israel
| | - Rony Ben-Zvi Elimelech
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 69094, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 69094, Israel
| | - Shahaf Sigal-Dror
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 69094, Israel
| | - Shadi Safuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Baronaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Nina V Romanova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90781, Sweden
| | | | - Shiri Zayit-Soudry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 69094, Israel
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13
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Ghosh S, Tamilselvi S, Williams C, Jayaweera SW, Iashchishyn IA, Šulskis D, Gilthorpe JD, Olofsson A, Smirnovas V, Svedružić ŽM, Morozova-Roche LA. ApoE Isoforms Inhibit Amyloid Aggregation of Proinflammatory Protein S100A9. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2114. [PMID: 38396791 PMCID: PMC10889306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the calcium-binding and proinflammatory protein S100A9 is an important player in neuroinflammation-mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid co-aggregation of S100A9 with amyloid-β (Aβ) is an important hallmark of this pathology. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is also known to be one of the important genetic risk factors of AD. ApoE primarily exists in three isoforms, ApoE2 (Cys112/Cys158), ApoE3 (Cys112/Arg158), and ApoE4 (Arg112/Arg158). Even though the difference lies in just two amino acid residues, ApoE isoforms produce differential effects on the neuroinflammation and activation of the microglial state in AD. Here, we aim to understand the effect of the ApoE isoforms on the amyloid aggregation of S100A9. We found that both ApoE3 and ApoE4 suppress the aggregation of S100A9 in a concentration-dependent manner, even at sub-stoichiometric ratios compared to S100A9. These interactions lead to a reduction in the quantity and length of S100A9 fibrils. The inhibitory effect is more pronounced if ApoE isoforms are added in the lipid-free state versus lipidated ApoE. We found that, upon prolonged incubation, S100A9 and ApoE form low molecular weight complexes with stochiometric ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, which remain stable under SDS-gel conditions. These complexes self-assemble also under the native conditions; however, their interactions are transient, as revealed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD simulation demonstrated that the lipid-binding C-terminal domain of ApoE and the second EF-hand calcium-binding motif of S100A9 are involved in these interactions. We found that amyloids of S100A9 are cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells, and the presence of either ApoE isoforms does not change the level of their cytotoxicity. A significant inhibitory effect produced by both ApoE isoforms on S100A9 amyloid aggregation can modulate the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamasree Ghosh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.T.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Shanmugam Tamilselvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.T.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (C.W.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Sanduni W. Jayaweera
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.W.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Igor A. Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.T.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Darius Šulskis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.Š.); (V.S.)
| | - Jonathan D. Gilthorpe
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (C.W.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.W.J.); (A.O.)
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (D.Š.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; (S.G.); (S.T.); (I.A.I.)
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14
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Šulskis D, Žiaunys M, Sakalauskas A, Sniečkutė R, Smirnovas V. Formation of amyloid fibrils by the regulatory 14-3-3 ζ protein. Open Biol 2024; 14:230285. [PMID: 38228169 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a highly conserved adaptor protein family with multi-layer functions, abundantly expressed in the brain. The 14-3-3 proteins modulate phosphorylation, regulate enzymatic activity and can act as chaperones. Most importantly, they play an important role in various neurodegenerative disorders due to their vast interaction partners. Particularly, the 14-3-3ζ isoform is known to co-localize in aggregation tangles in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as a result of protein-protein interactions. These abnormal clumps consist of amyloid fibrils, insoluble aggregates, mainly formed by the amyloid-β, tau and α-synuclein proteins. However, the molecular basis of if and how 14-3-3ζ can aggregate into amyloid fibrils is unknown. In this study, we describe the formation of amyloid fibrils by 14-3-3ζ using a comprehensive approach that combines bioinformatic tools, amyloid-specific dye binding, secondary structure analysis and atomic force microscopy. The results presented herein characterize the amyloidogenic properties of 14-3-3ζ and imply that the well-folded protein undergoes aggregation to β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Šulskis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Žiaunys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Sakalauskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Sniečkutė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Jahangir R, Munir I, Yesiloz G. One-Step Synthesis of Ultrasmall Nanoparticles in Glycerol as a Promising Green Solvent at Room Temperature Using Omega-Shaped Microfluidic Micromixers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17177-17186. [PMID: 37956303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite innovations in the synthesis protocol of nanoparticles (NPs), the size distribution and uniformity of particles still remain as crucial attributes. Homogeneous and rapid nucleation is a critical phenomenon to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles. Herein, we have carried out the synthesis of metal nanoparticles in a customized microfluidic (MF) chip, with 18 omega-shaped micromixers, by using glycerol as a promising green solvent and reducing agent at various concentrations (10-80%), and simultaneous comparison of the results from batch synthesis. Initially, mixing characterization for 10-80% glycerol was obtained by adjusting the Peclet (Pe) number. Further, the effect of the Pe number, time, and concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone, metal source, and glycerol on the NP size was investigated. Interestingly, the experimental findings depicted that by varying different parameters, the spherical nanoparticles with an average ultrasmall particle diameter of <2 nm were obtained at all glycerol concentrations (10-80%), as compared to batch synthesis (giving a yield of ∼10-fold larger particles). The mixing efficiency in this MF chip design was analyzed by using a fluorescent dye in glycerol, while the particle morphology and size were characterized by using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Hence, compared to the conventional benchtop-assisted NP synthesis, this study unveils the significant effect of the microfluidic technique on the synthesis of ultrasmall and homogeneous nanoparticles in a single step, using an environmentally friendly solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Jahangir
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Iqra Munir
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Gurkan Yesiloz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
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16
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Qi X, Wang Y, Yu H, Liu R, Leppert A, Zheng Z, Zhong X, Jin Z, Wang H, Li X, Wang X, Landreh M, A Morozova-Roche L, Johansson J, Xiong S, Iashchishyn I, Chen G. Spider Silk Protein Forms Amyloid-Like Nanofibrils through a Non-Nucleation-Dependent Polymerization Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304031. [PMID: 37455347 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils-nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order-are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins´ unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Qi
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Axel Leppert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xueying Zhong
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, 14152, Sweden
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Han Wang
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden
| | - Sidong Xiong
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Igor Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden
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17
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Nishide G, Lim K, Tamura M, Kobayashi A, Zhao Q, Hazawa M, Ando T, Nishida N, Wong RW. Nanoscopic Elucidation of Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6) Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8385-8396. [PMID: 37707320 PMCID: PMC10544025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Open reading frame 6 (ORF6), the accessory protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that suppresses host type-I interferon signaling, possesses amyloidogenic sequences. ORF6 amyloidogenic peptides self-assemble to produce cytotoxic amyloid fibrils. Currently, the molecular properties of the ORF6 remain elusive. Here, we investigate the structural dynamics of the full-length ORF6 protein in a near-physiological environment using high-speed atomic force microscopy. ORF6 oligomers were ellipsoidal and readily assembled into ORF6 protofilaments in either a circular or a linear pattern. The formation of ORF6 protofilaments was enhanced at higher temperatures or on a lipid substrate. ORF6 filaments were sensitive to aliphatic alcohols, urea, and SDS, indicating that the filaments were predominantly maintained by hydrophobic interactions. In summary, ORF6 self-assembly could be necessary to sequester host factors and causes collateral damage to cells via amyloid aggregates. Nanoscopic imaging unveiled the innate molecular behavior of ORF6 and provides insight into drug repurposing to treat amyloid-related coronavirus disease 2019 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Nishide
- Division
of Nano Life Science in the Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative,
WISE Program for Nano-Precision Medicine, Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Keesiang Lim
- WPI-Nano
Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Maiki Tamura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Cell-Bionomics
Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (INFINITI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Qingci Zhao
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- WPI-Nano
Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Cell-Bionomics
Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (INFINITI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI-Nano
Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Nishida
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba
University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Richard W. Wong
- WPI-Nano
Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Cell-Bionomics
Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (INFINITI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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18
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Nathanael K, Cheng S, Kovalchuk NM, Arcucci R, Simmons MJ. Optimization of microfluidic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a generic approach using machine learning. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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19
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Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 alters membrane organization by dispersing ordered domains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184113. [PMID: 36567033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory, calcium-binding protein S100A9 is localized in the cytoplasm of many cells and regulates several intracellular and extracellular processes. S100A9 is involved in neuroinflammation associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The number of studies on the impact of S100A9 in co-aggregation processes with amyloid-like proteins is increasing. However, there is still a lack of data on how this protein interacts with lipid membranes. We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence measurements (Laurdan and Thioflavin-T) to study the interaction between protein and the membrane surface. We used lipid vesicles in bulk and planar tethered lipid bilayers as biomimetic membrane models. We demonstrated that the protein accumulates on negatively charged lipid bilayers but with no further loss of the bilayer's integrity. The most important result is that the initial adsorption and accumulation of apo-form of S100A9 on the lipid membrane surface is lipid phase-sensitive. The breaking down of raft-like and disappearance of gel-like domains indicate that protein incorporates into the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer. We observed the most noticeable loss of integrity in lipid bilayers constructed from a lipid mixture (brain total lipid extract). Understanding the function and interactions of these proteins in cellular environments might expand the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for AD or other related diseases.
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20
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Sun S, Liang HW, Wang H, Zou Q. Light-Triggered Self-Assembly of Peptide Nanoparticles into Nanofibers in Living Cells through Molecular Conformation Changes and H-Bond Interactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18978-18989. [PMID: 36354757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlled self-assembly has attracted extensive interest in biological and nanotechnological applications. Enzymatic or biocatalytic triggered self-assembly is widely used for the diagnostic and prognostic marker in different pathologies because of their nanostructures and biological effects. However, it remains a great challenge to control the self-assembly of peptides in living cells with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision. Here we demonstrate a light-triggered platform that enables spatiotemporal control of self-assembly from nanoparticles into nanofibers in living cells through subtle molecular conformational changes and internal H-bonding interactions. The platform contained 3-methylene-2-(quinolin-8-yl) isoindolin-1-one, which acts as the light-controlled unit to disrupt the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance through the change of molecular conformation, and a peptide that can be a faster recombinant to assemble via H-bonding interactions. The process has good biocompatibility because it does not involve waste generation or oxygen consumption; moreover, the assembly rate constant was fast and up to 0.17 min-1. It is applied to the regulation of molecular assembly in living cells. As such, our findings demonstrate that light-triggered controllable assembly can be applied for initiative regulating cellular behaviors in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing100190, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan No. 30, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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21
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Interactions between S100A9 and Alpha-Synuclein: Insight from NMR Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126781. [PMID: 35743221 PMCID: PMC9224231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A9 is a pro-inflammatory protein that co-aggregates with other proteins in amyloid fibril plaques. S100A9 can influence the aggregation kinetics and amyloid fibril structure of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), which is involved in Parkinson's disease. Currently, there are limited data regarding their cross-interaction and how it influences the aggregation process. In this work, we analyzed this interaction using solution 19F and 2D 15N-1H HSQC NMR spectroscopy and studied the aggregation properties of these two proteins. Here, we show that α-syn interacts with S100A9 at specific regions, which are also essential in the first step of aggregation. We also demonstrate that the 4-fluorophenylalanine label in alpha-synuclein is a sensitive probe to study interaction and aggregation using 19F NMR spectroscopy.
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22
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Co-Aggregation of S100A9 with DOPA and Cyclen-Based Compounds Manifested in Amyloid Fibril Thickening without Altering Rates of Self-Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168556. [PMID: 34445262 PMCID: PMC8395260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade is central for the neurodegeneration disease pathology, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and remains the focus of much current research. S100A9 protein drives the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in these diseases. DOPA and cyclen-based compounds were used as amyloid modifiers and inhibitors previously, and DOPA is also used as a precursor of dopamine in Parkinson’s treatment. Here, by using fluorescence titration experiments we showed that five selected ligands: DOPA-D-H-DOPA, DOPA-H-H-DOPA, DOPA-D-H, DOPA-cyclen, and H-E-cyclen, bind to S100A9 with apparent Kd in the sub-micromolar range. Ligand docking and molecular dynamic simulation showed that all compounds bind to S100A9 in more than one binding site and with different ligand mobility and H-bonds involved in each site, which all together is consistent with the apparent binding determined in fluorescence experiments. By using amyloid kinetic analysis, monitored by thioflavin-T fluorescence, and AFM imaging, we found that S100A9 co-aggregation with these compounds does not hinder amyloid formation but leads to morphological changes in the amyloid fibrils, manifested in fibril thickening. Thicker fibrils were not observed upon fibrillation of S100A9 alone and may influence the amyloid tissue propagation and modulate S100A9 amyloid assembly as part of the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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S100A9 Alters the Pathway of Alpha-Synuclein Amyloid Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157972. [PMID: 34360737 PMCID: PMC8348003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of amyloid fibril plaques in the brain creates inflammation and neuron death. This process is observed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Alpha-synuclein is the main protein found in neuronal inclusions of patients who have suffered from Parkinson's disease. S100A9 is a calcium-binding, pro-inflammation protein, which is also found in such amyloid plaques. To understand the influence of S100A9 on the aggregation of α-synuclein, we analyzed their co-aggregation kinetics and the resulting amyloid fibril structure by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We found that the presence of S100A9 alters the aggregation kinetics of α-synuclein and stabilizes the formation of a particular amyloid fibril structure. We also show that the solution's ionic strength influences the interplay between S100A9 and α-synuclein, stabilizing a different structure of α-synuclein fibrils.
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24
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Chaudhary H, Iashchishyn IA, Romanova NV, Rambaran MA, Musteikyte G, Smirnovas V, Holmboe M, Ohlin CA, Svedružić ŽM, Morozova-Roche LA. Polyoxometalates as Effective Nano-inhibitors of Amyloid Aggregation of Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26721-26734. [PMID: 34080430 PMCID: PMC8289188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic S100A9 protein is central to the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in neurodegenerative diseases. Polyoxometalates (POMs) constitute a diverse group of nanomaterials, which showed potency in amyloid inhibition. Here, we have demonstrated that two selected nanosized niobium POMs, Nb10 and TiNb9, can act as potent inhibitors of S100A9 amyloid assembly. Kinetics analysis based on ThT fluorescence experiments showed that addition of either Nb10 or TiNb9 reduces the S100A9 amyloid formation rate and amyloid quantity. Atomic force microscopy imaging demonstrated the complete absence of long S100A9 amyloid fibrils at increasing concentrations of either POM and the presence of only round-shaped and slightly elongated aggregates. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that both Nb10 and TiNb9 bind to native S100A9 homo-dimer by forming ionic interactions with the positively charged Lys residue-rich patches on the protein surface. The acrylamide quenching of intrinsic fluorescence showed that POM binding does not perturb the Trp 88 environment. The far and near UV circular dichroism revealed no large-scale perturbation of S100A9 secondary and tertiary structures upon POM binding. These indicate that POM binding involves only local conformational changes in the binding sites. By using intrinsic and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate fluorescence titration experiments, we found that POMs bind to S100A9 with a Kd of ca. 2.5 μM. We suggest that the region, including Lys 50 to Lys 54 and characterized by high amyloid propensity, could be the key sequences involved in S1009 amyloid self-assembly. The inhibition and complete hindering of S100A9 amyloid pathways may be used in the therapeutic applications targeting the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chaudhary
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Igor A. Iashchishyn
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Nina V. Romanova
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | | | - Greta Musteikyte
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Michael Holmboe
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - C. André Ohlin
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Ludmilla A. Morozova-Roche
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
- . Tel.: +46736205283. Fax: +46907865283
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25
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Leri M, Chaudhary H, Iashchishyn IA, Pansieri J, Svedružić ŽM, Gómez Alcalde S, Musteikyte G, Smirnovas V, Stefani M, Bucciantini M, Morozova-Roche LA. Natural Compound from Olive Oil Inhibits S100A9 Amyloid Formation and Cytotoxicity: Implications for Preventing Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1905-1918. [PMID: 33979140 PMCID: PMC8291483 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
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Polyphenolic compounds
in the Mediterranean diet have received
increasing attention due to their protective properties in amyloid
neurodegenerative and many other diseases. Here, we have demonstrated
for the first time that polyphenol oleuropein aglycone (OleA), which
is the most abundant compound in olive oil, has multiple potencies
for the inhibition of amyloid self-assembly of pro-inflammatory protein
S100A9 and the mitigation of the damaging effect of its amyloids on
neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. OleA directly interacts with both native
and fibrillar S100A9 as shown by intrinsic fluorescence and molecular
dynamic simulation. OleA prevents S100A9 amyloid oligomerization as
shown using amyloid oligomer-specific antibodies and cross-β-sheet
formation detected by circular dichroism. It decreases the length
of amyloid fibrils measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well
as reduces the effective rate of amyloid growth and the overall amyloid
load as derived from the kinetic analysis of amyloid formation. OleA
disintegrates already preformed fibrils of S100A9, converting them
into nonfibrillar and nontoxic aggregates as revealed by amyloid thioflavin-T
dye binding, AFM, and cytotoxicity assays. At the cellular level,
OleA targets S100A9 amyloids already at the membranes as shown by
immunofluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, significantly
reducing the amyloid accumulation in GM1 ganglioside containing membrane
rafts. OleA increases overall cell viability when neuroblastoma cells
are subjected to the amyloid load and alleviates amyloid-induced intracellular
rise of reactive oxidative species and free Ca2+. Since
S100A9 is both a pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic protein, OleA
may effectively mitigate the pathological consequences of the S100A9-dependent
amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade as well as provide protection from
neurodegeneration, if used within the Mediterranean diet as a potential
preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Himanshu Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor A. Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Silvia Gómez Alcalde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Greta Musteikyte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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26
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Eshraghi M, Adlimoghaddam A, Mahmoodzadeh A, Sharifzad F, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Lorzadeh S, Albensi BC, Ghavami S. Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy Focusing in Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3330. [PMID: 33805142 PMCID: PMC8036323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurological disorder, and currently, there is no cure for it. Several pathologic alterations have been described in the brain of AD patients, but the ultimate causative mechanisms of AD are still elusive. The classic hallmarks of AD, including amyloid plaques (Aβ) and tau tangles (tau), are the most studied features of AD. Unfortunately, all the efforts targeting these pathologies have failed to show the desired efficacy in AD patients so far. Neuroinflammation and impaired autophagy are two other main known pathologies in AD. It has been reported that these pathologies exist in AD brain long before the emergence of any clinical manifestation of AD. Microglia are the main inflammatory cells in the brain and are considered by many researchers as the next hope for finding a viable therapeutic target in AD. Interestingly, it appears that the autophagy and mitophagy are also changed in these cells in AD. Inside the cells, autophagy and inflammation interact in a bidirectional manner. In the current review, we briefly discussed an overview on autophagy and mitophagy in AD and then provided a comprehensive discussion on the role of these pathways in microglia and their involvement in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; (A.A.); (B.C.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
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27
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Pansieri J, Iashchishyn IA, Fakhouri H, Ostojić L, Malisauskas M, Musteikyte G, Smirnovas V, Schneider MM, Scheidt T, Xu CK, Meisl G, Knowles TPJ, Gazit E, Antoine R, Morozova-Roche LA. Templating S100A9 amyloids on Aβ fibrillar surfaces revealed by charge detection mass spectrometry, microscopy, kinetic and microfluidic analyses. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7031-7039. [PMID: 34122996 PMCID: PMC8159403 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of amyloid co-aggregation and its nucleation process are not fully understood in spite of extensive studies. Deciphering the interactions between proinflammatory S100A9 protein and Aβ42 peptide in Alzheimer's disease is fundamental since inflammation plays a central role in the disease onset. Here we use innovative charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) together with biophysical techniques to provide mechanistic insight into the co-aggregation process and differentiate amyloid complexes at a single particle level. Combination of mass and charge distributions of amyloids together with reconstruction of the differences between them and detailed microscopy reveals that co-aggregation involves templating of S100A9 fibrils on the surface of Aβ42 amyloids. Kinetic analysis further corroborates that the surfaces available for the Aβ42 secondary nucleation are diminished due to the coating by S100A9 amyloids, while the binding of S100A9 to Aβ42 fibrils is validated by a microfluidic assay. We demonstrate that synergy between CDMS, microscopy, kinetic and microfluidic analyses opens new directions in interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Hussein Fakhouri
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon F-69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Lucija Ostojić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Mantas Malisauskas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
| | - Greta Musteikyte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Matthias M Schneider
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tom Scheidt
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Georg Meisl
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge JJ Thompson Ave CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University SE-90187 Umeå Sweden
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon F-69100 Villeurbanne France
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28
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Mizuguchi C, Nakagawa M, Namba N, Sakai M, Kurimitsu N, Suzuki A, Fujita K, Horiuchi S, Baba T, Ohgita T, Nishitsuji K, Saito H. Mechanisms of aggregation and fibril formation of the amyloidogenic N-terminal fragment of apolipoprotein A-I. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13515-13524. [PMID: 31341020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal (1-83) fragment of the major constituent of plasma high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), strongly tends to form amyloid fibrils, leading to systemic amyloidosis. Here, using a series of deletion variants, we examined the roles of two major amyloidogenic segments (residues 14-22 and 50-58) in the aggregation and fibril formation of an amyloidogenic G26R variant of the apoA-I 1-83 fragment (apoA-I 1-83/G26R). Thioflavin T fluorescence assays and atomic force microscopy revealed that elimination of residues 14-22 completely inhibits fibril formation of apoA-I 1-83/G26R, whereas Δ32-40 and Δ50-58 variants formed fibrils with markedly reduced nucleation and fibril growth rates. CD measurements revealed structural transitions from random coil to β-sheet structures in all deletion variants except for the Δ14-22 variant, indicating that residues 14-22 are critical for the β-transition and fibril formation. Thermodynamic analysis of the kinetics of fibril formation by apoA-I 1-83/G26R indicated that both nucleation and fibril growth are enthalpically unfavorable, whereas entropically, nucleation is favorable, but fibril growth is unfavorable. Interestingly, the nucleation of the Δ50-58 variant was entropically unfavorable, indicating that residues 50-58 entropically promote the nucleation step in fibril formation of apoA-I 1-83/G26R. Moreover, a residue-level structural investigation of apoA-I 1-83/G26R fibrils with site-specific pyrene labeling indicated that the two amyloidogenic segments are in close proximity to form an amyloid core structure, whereas the N- and C-terminal tail regions are excluded from the amyloid core. These results provide critical insights into the aggregation mechanism and fibril structure of the amyloidogenic N-terminal fragment of apoA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Mizuguchi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Miho Nakagawa
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Norihiro Namba
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Misae Sakai
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Naoko Kurimitsu
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ayane Suzuki
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kaho Fujita
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Baba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohgita
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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29
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Pansieri J, Ostojić L, Iashchishyn IA, Magzoub M, Wallin C, Wärmländer SK, Gräslund A, Nguyen Ngoc M, Smirnovas V, Svedružić Ž, Morozova-Roche LA. Pro-Inflammatory S100A9 Protein Aggregation Promoted by NCAM1 Peptide Constructs. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1410-1417. [PMID: 31194501 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid cascade and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, and pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein is central to both of them. Here, we have shown that NCAM1 peptide constructs carrying polycationic sequences derived from Aβ peptide (KKLVFF) and PrP protein (KKRPKP) significantly promote the S100A9 amyloid self-assembly in a concentration-dependent manner by making transient interactions with individual S100A9 molecules, perturbing its native structure and acting as catalysts. Since the individual molecule misfolding is a rate-limiting step in S100A9 amyloid aggregation, the effects of the NCAM1 construct on the native S100A9 are so critical for its amyloid self-assembly. S100A9 rapid self-assembly into large aggregated clumps may prevent its amyloid tissue propagation, and by modulating S100A9 aggregation as a part of the amyloid cascade, the whole process may be effectively tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucija Ostojić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor A. Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai Nguyen Ngoc
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Željko Svedružić
- Department of Biomedical Technology, University of Rijeka, HR 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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30
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Cristóvão JS, Gomes CM. S100 Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:463. [PMID: 31156365 PMCID: PMC6532343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate several processes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but whose contribution and direct involvement in disease pathophysiology remains to be fully established. Due to neuroinflammation in AD patients, the levels of several S100 proteins are increased in the brain and some S100s play roles related to the processing of the amyloid precursor protein, regulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) levels and Tau phosphorylation. S100 proteins are found associated with protein inclusions, either within plaques or as isolated S100-positive puncta, which suggests an active role in the formation of amyloid aggregates. Indeed, interactions between S100 proteins and aggregating Aβ indicate regulatory roles over the aggregation process, which may either delay or aggravate aggregation, depending on disease stage and relative S100 and Aβ levels. Additionally, S100s are also known to influence AD-related signaling pathways and levels of other cytokines. Recent evidence also suggests that metal-ligation by S100 proteins influences trace metal homeostasis in the brain, particularly of zinc, which is also a major deregulated process in AD. Altogether, this evidence strongly suggests a role of S100 proteins as key players in several AD-linked physiopathological processes, which we discuss in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S. Cristóvão
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Gomes
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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31
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Amirjani A, Haghshenas DF. Modified Finke-Watzky mechanisms for the two-step nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:505602. [PMID: 30248024 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae3dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new modification was made on the Finke-Watzky mechanism for investigating the nucleation and growth steps in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy evaluations proved that the former linear form of Finke-Watzky mechanism is not efficient for describing the nucleation and growth steps of AgNPs synthesis. In this manner, the Finke-Watzky mechanism was modified by considering a reversible pseudo first-order reaction for nucleation step. In addition, no assumptions were made in mathematical calculations related to the rate law which were previously adapted by the researchers in this field; i.e. [A]0 > [A] and k 2[A] ≫ k 1. These considerations led to the development of a kinetic model that is more closely related to what really occurs within the synthesis system. Kinetics data were obtained in a well-known synthesis process of AgNPs namely as sodium borohydride reduction. Furthermore, it was elucidated that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) retards both the nucleation and growth steps resulting in the isotropic growth of seeds; this effect subtly provides a tunable synthesis process for achieving desired size of AgNPs. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nitrogen atoms present in the PVP molecules are responsible for the interaction of PVP with AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmostafa Amirjani
- Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Kuznetsov IA, Kuznetsov AV. Simulating the effect of formation of amyloid plaques on aggregation of tau protein. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180511. [PMID: 30602936 PMCID: PMC6304026 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a mathematical model that enables the investigation of the production and intracellular transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein in a neuron. We also investigate the aggregation of APP fragments into amyloid-β (Aβ) as well as tau aggregation into tau oligomers and neurofibrillary tangles. Using the developed model, we investigate how Aβ aggregation can influence tau transport and aggregation in both the soma and the axon. We couple the Aβ and tau agglomeration processes by assuming that the value of the kinetic constant that describes the autocatalytic growth (self-replication) reaction step of tau aggregation is proportional to the Aβ concentration. The model predicts that APP and tau are distributed differently in the axon. While APP has a uniform distribution along the axon, tau's concentration first decreases and then increases towards the synapse. Aβ is uniformly produced along the axon while misfolded tau protein is mostly produced in the proximal axon. The number of Aβ and tau polymers originating from the axon is much smaller than the number of Aβ and tau polymers originating from the soma. The rate of production of misfolded tau polymers depends on how strongly their production is facilitated by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Kuznetsov
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. V. Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA
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33
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Wang C, Iashchishyn IA, Pansieri J, Nyström S, Klementieva O, Kara J, Horvath I, Moskalenko R, Rofougaran R, Gouras G, Kovacs GG, Shankar SK, Morozova-Roche LA. S100A9-Driven Amyloid-Neuroinflammatory Cascade in Traumatic Brain Injury as a Precursor State for Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12836. [PMID: 30150640 PMCID: PMC6110751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory and amyloidogenic S100A9 protein is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is viewed as a precursor state for AD. Here we have shown that S100A9-driven amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade was initiated in TBI and may serve as a mechanistic link between TBI and AD. By analyzing the TBI and AD human brain tissues, we demonstrated that in post-TBI tissues S100A9, produced by neurons and microglia, becomes drastically abundant compared to Aβ and contributes to both precursor-plaque formation and intracellular amyloid oligomerization. Conditions implicated in TBI, such as elevated S100A9 concentration, acidification and fever, provide strong positive feedback for S100A9 nucleation-dependent amyloid formation and delay in its proteinase clearance. Consequently, both intracellular and extracellular S100A9 oligomerization correlated with TBI secondary neuronal loss. Common morphology of TBI and AD plaques indicated their similar initiation around multiple aggregation centers. Importantly, in AD and TBI we found S100A9 plaques without Aβ. S100A9 and Aβ plaque pathology was significantly advanced in AD cases with TBI history at earlier age, signifying TBI as a risk factor. These new findings highlight the detrimental consequences of prolonged post-TBI neuroinflammation, which can sustain S100A9-driven amyloid-neurodegenerative cascade as a specific mechanism leading to AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40000, Ukraine
| | - Jonathan Pansieri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- IFM-Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Kara
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Istvan Horvath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roman Moskalenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40000, Ukraine
| | - Reza Rofougaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Gouras
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1097, Vienna, Austria
| | - S K Shankar
- Human Brain Tissue Repository, Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, 560029, Bangalore, India
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34
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Iashchishyn IA, Gruden MA, Moskalenko RA, Davydova TV, Wang C, Sewell RDE, Morozova-Roche LA. Intranasally Administered S100A9 Amyloids Induced Cellular Stress, Amyloid Seeding, and Behavioral Impairment in Aged Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1338-1348. [PMID: 29618200 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation and neuroinflammation are major features of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Proinflammatory mediator S100A9 was shown to act as a link between the amyloid and neuroinflammatory cascades in Alzheimer's disease, leading together with Aβ to plaque formation, neuronal loss and memory impairment. In order to examine if S100A9 alone in its native and amyloid states can induce neuronal stress and memory impairment, we have administered S100A9 species intranasally to aged mice. Single and sequential immunohistochemistry and passive avoidance behavioral test were conducted to evaluate the consequences. Administered S100A9 species induced widespread cellular stress responses in cerebral structures, including frontal lobe, hippocampus and cerebellum. These were manifested by increased levels of S100A9, Bax, and to a lesser extent activated caspase-3 immunopositive cells. Upon administration of S100A9 fibrils, the amyloid oligomerization was observed in the brain tissues, which can further exacerbate cellular stress. The cellular stress responses correlated with significantly increased training and decreased retention latencies measured in the passive avoidance test for the S100A9 treated animal groups. Remarkably, the effect size in the behavioral tests was moderate already in the group treated with native S100A9, while the effect sizes were large in the groups administered S100A9 amyloid oligomers or fibrils. The findings demonstrate the brain susceptibility to neurotoxic damage of S100A9 species leading to behavioral and memory impairments. Intranasal administration of S100A9 species proved to be an effective method to study amyloid induced brain dysfunctions, and S100A9 itself may be postulated as a target to allay early stage neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
- Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
| | - Marina A. Gruden
- Department of Functional Neurochemistry, P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Roman A. Moskalenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy 40007, Ukraine
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V. Davydova
- Department of Neuroimmunopathology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Robert D. E. Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
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Horvath I, Iashchishyn IA, Moskalenko RA, Wang C, Wärmländer SKTS, Wallin C, Gräslund A, Kovacs GG, Morozova-Roche LA. Co-aggregation of pro-inflammatory S100A9 with α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: ex vivo and in vitro studies. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:172. [PMID: 29866153 PMCID: PMC5987543 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology, associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors in PD brain tissues. The pro-inflammatory mediator and highly amyloidogenic protein S100A9 is involved in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade in Alzheimer's disease. This is the first report on the co-aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and S100A9 both in vitro and ex vivo in PD brain. METHODS Single and sequential immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, scanning electron and atomic force (AFM) microscopies were used to analyze the ex vivo PD brain tissues for S100A9 and α-syn location and aggregation. In vitro studies revealing S100A9 and α-syn interaction and co-aggregation were conducted by NMR, circular dichroism, Thioflavin-T fluorescence, AFM, and surface plasmon resonance methods. RESULTS Co-localized and co-aggregated S100A9 and α-syn were found in 20% Lewy bodies and 77% neuronal cells in the substantia nigra; both proteins were also observed in Lewy bodies in PD frontal lobe (Braak stages 4-6). Lewy bodies were characterized by ca. 10-23 μm outer diameter, with S100A9 and α-syn being co-localized in the same lamellar structures. S100A9 was also detected in neurons and blood vessels of the aged patients without PD, but in much lesser extent. In vitro S100A9 and α-syn were shown to interact with each other via the α-syn C-terminus with an apparent dissociation constant of ca. 5 μM. Their co-aggregation occurred significantly faster and led to formation of larger amyloid aggregates than the self-assembly of individual proteins. S100A9 amyloid oligomers were more toxic than those of α-syn, while co-aggregation of both proteins mitigated the cytotoxicity of S100A9 oligomers. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that sustained neuroinflammation promoting the spread of amyloidogenic S100A9 in the brain tissues may trigger the amyloid cascade involving α-syn and S100A9 and leading to PD, similar to the effect of S100A9 and Aβ co-aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. The finding of S100A9 involvement in PD may open a new avenue for therapeutic interventions targeting S100A9 and preventing its amyloid self-assembly in affected brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Horvath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of General Chemistry, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | - Roman A Moskalenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kuznetsov IA, Kuznetsov AV. How the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles may be related: a mathematical modelling study. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20170777. [PMID: 29507520 PMCID: PMC5832841 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2017.0777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a mathematical model that enables us to investigate possible mechanisms by which two primary markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles, may be related. Our model investigates the possibility that the decay of anterograde axonal transport of amyloid precursor protein (APP), caused by toxic tau aggregates, leads to decreased APP transport towards the synapse and APP accumulation in the soma. The developed model thus couples three processes: (i) slow axonal transport of tau, (ii) tau misfolding and agglomeration, which we simulated by using the Finke-Watzky model and (iii) fast axonal transport of APP. Because the timescale for tau agglomeration is much larger than that for tau transport, we suggest using the quasi-steady-state approximation for formulating and solving the governing equations for these three processes. Our results suggest that misfolded tau most likely accumulates in the beginning of the axon. The analysis of APP transport suggests that APP will also likely accumulate in the beginning of the axon, causing an increased APP concentration in this region, which could be interpreted as a 'traffic jam'. The APP flux towards the synapse is significantly reduced by tau misfolding, but not due to the APP traffic jam, which can be viewed as a symptom, but rather due to the reduced affinity of kinesin-1 motors to APP-transporting vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Kuznetsov
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. V. Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7910, USA
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