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Chai F, Zhang J, Fu T, Jiang P, Huang Y, Wang L, Yan S, Yan X, Yu L, Xu Z, Wang R, Xu B, Du X, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Identification of SLC2A3 as a prognostic indicator correlated with the NF-κB/EMT axis and immune response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2208928. [PMID: 37134043 PMCID: PMC10158547 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2208928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC2A3 is an important member of the glucose transporter superfamily. It has been recently suggested that upregulation of SLC2A3 is associated with poor survival and acts as a prognostic marker in a variety of tumors. Unfortunately, the prognostic role of SLC2A3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is less known. In the present study, we analyzed SLC2A3 expression in HNSC and its correlation with prognosis using TCGA and GEO databases. The results showed that SLC2A3 mRNA expression was higher in HNSC compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was validated with our 9 pairs of HNSC specimens. Moreover, high SLC2A3 expression predicted poor prognosis in HNSC patients. Mechanistically, GSEA revealed that high expression of SLC2A3 was enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and NF-κB signaling. In HNSC cell lines, SLC2A3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and migration. In addition, NF-κB P65 and EMT-related gene expression was suppressed upon SLC2A3 knockdown, indicating that SLC2A3 may play a preeminent role in the progression of HNSC through the NF-κB/EMT axis. Meanwhile, the expression of SLC2A3 was negatively correlated with immune cells, suggesting that SLC2A3 may be involved in the immune response in HNSC. The correlation between SLC2A3 expression and drug sensitivity was further assessed. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SLC2A3 could predict the prognosis of HNSC patients and mediate the progression of HNSC via the NF-κB/EMT axis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Longgang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruohuang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Zhang YM, Qi YB, Gao YN, Chen WG, Zhou T, Zang Y, Li J. Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1217451. [PMID: 37732313 PMCID: PMC10507181 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1217451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated as the primary cause of neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Although the metabolic functionalities of astrocytes are well known, their relationship to neurological disorders is poorly understood. The ways in which astrocytes regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids have all been implicated in neurological diseases. Metabolism in astrocytes has also exhibited a significant influence on neuron functionality and the brain's neuro-network. In this review, we focused on metabolic processes present in astrocytes, most notably the glucose metabolic pathway, the fatty acid metabolic pathway, and the amino-acid metabolic pathway. For glucose metabolism, we focused on the glycolysis pathway, pentose-phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In fatty acid metabolism, we followed fatty acid oxidation, ketone body metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. For amino acid metabolism, we summarized neurotransmitter metabolism and the serine and kynurenine metabolic pathways. This review will provide an overview of functional changes in astrocyte metabolism and provide an overall perspective of current treatment and therapy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-mei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-bei Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-nan Gao
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-gang Chen
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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McComas SE, Reichenbach T, Mitrovic D, Alleva C, Bonaccorsi M, Delemotte L, Drew D. Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5. eLife 2023; 12:e84808. [PMID: 37405832 PMCID: PMC10322154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, glucose transporters (GLUT) control organism-wide blood-glucose homeostasis. In human, this is accomplished by 14 different GLUT isoforms, that transport glucose and other monosaccharides with varying substrate preferences and kinetics. Nevertheless, there is little difference between the sugar-coordinating residues in the GLUT proteins and even the malarial Plasmodium falciparum transporter PfHT1, which is uniquely able to transport a wide range of different sugars. PfHT1 was captured in an intermediate 'occluded' state, revealing how the extracellular gating helix TM7b has moved to break and occlude the sugar-binding site. Sequence difference and kinetics indicated that the TM7b gating helix dynamics and interactions likely evolved to enable substrate promiscuity in PfHT1, rather than the sugar-binding site itself. It was unclear, however, if the TM7b structural transitions observed in PfHT1 would be similar in the other GLUT proteins. Here, using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the fructose transporter GLUT5 spontaneously transitions through an occluded state that closely resembles PfHT1. The coordination of D-fructose lowers the energetic barriers between the outward- and inward-facing states, and the observed binding mode for D-fructose is consistent with biochemical analysis. Rather than a substrate-binding site that achieves strict specificity by having a high affinity for the substrate, we conclude GLUT proteins have allosterically coupled sugar binding with an extracellular gate that forms the high-affinity transition-state instead. This substrate-coupling pathway presumably enables the catalysis of fast sugar flux at physiological relevant blood-glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E McComas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Tom Reichenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Darko Mitrovic
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - Claudia Alleva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Marta Bonaccorsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden
| | - David Drew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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4
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Düking T, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Piepkorn L, Schmidke AM, Mitkovski M, Kannaiyan N, Hosang L, Scholz P, Shaib AH, Schneider LV, Hesse D, Ruhwedel T, Sun T, Linhoff L, Trevisiol A, Köhler S, Pastor AM, Misgeld T, Sereda M, Hassouna I, Rossner MJ, Odoardi F, Ischebeck T, de Hoz L, Hirrlinger J, Jahn O, Saher G. Ketogenic diet uncovers differential metabolic plasticity of brain cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7639. [PMID: 36112685 PMCID: PMC9481126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To maintain homeostasis, the body, including the brain, reprograms its metabolism in response to altered nutrition or disease. However, the consequences of these challenges for the energy metabolism of the different brain cell types remain unknown. Here, we generated a proteome atlas of the major central nervous system (CNS) cell types from young and adult mice, after feeding the therapeutically relevant low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet (KD) and during neuroinflammation. Under steady-state conditions, CNS cell types prefer distinct modes of energy metabolism. Unexpectedly, the comparison with KD revealed distinct cell type-specific strategies to manage the altered availability of energy metabolites. Astrocytes and neurons but not oligodendrocytes demonstrated metabolic plasticity. Moreover, inflammatory demyelinating disease changed the neuronal metabolic signature in a similar direction as KD. Together, these findings highlight the importance of the metabolic cross-talk between CNS cells and between the periphery and the brain to manage altered nutrition and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Düking
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annika M. Schmidke
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- City Campus Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ali H. Shaib
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lennart V. Schneider
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Linhoff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Köhler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adrian Marti Pastor
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sereda
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Green Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurowissenschafliches Forschungszentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Chen LY. Quantitative characterization of the path of glucose diffusion facilitated by human glucose transporter 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183975. [PMID: 35654150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter GLUT1 is ubiquitously expressed in the human body from the red cells to the blood-brain barrier to the skeletal muscles. It is physiologically relevant to understand how GLUT1 facilitates diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane. It is also pathologically relevant because GLUT1 deficiency causes neurological disorders and anemia and because GLUT1 overexpression fuels the abnormal growth of cancer cells. This article presents a quantitative investigation of GLUT1 based on all-atom molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of the transporter embedded in lipid bilayers of asymmetric inner-and-outer-leaflet lipid compositions, subject to asymmetric intra-and-extra-cellular environments. This is in contrast with the current literature of MD studies that have not considered both of the aforementioned asymmetries of the cell membrane. The equilibrium (unbiased) dynamics of GLUT1 shows that it can facilitate glucose diffusion across the cell membrane without undergoing large-scale conformational motions. The Gibbs free-energy profile, which is still lacking in the current literature of GLUT1, quantitatively characterizes the diffusion path of glucose from the periplasm, through an extracellular gate of GLUT1, on to the binding site, and off to the cytoplasm. This transport mechanism is validated by the experimental data that GLUT1 has low water-permeability, uptake-efflux symmetry, and 10 kcal/mol Arrhenius activation barrier around 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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6
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Poff AM, Moss S, Soliven M, D'Agostino DP. Ketone Supplementation: Meeting the Needs of the Brain in an Energy Crisis. Front Nutr 2022; 8:783659. [PMID: 35004814 PMCID: PMC8734638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.783659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse neurological disorders are associated with a deficit in brain energy metabolism, often characterized by acute or chronic glucose hypometabolism. Ketones serve as the brain's only significant alternative fuel and can even become the primary fuel in conditions of limited glucose availability. Thus, dietary supplementation with exogenous ketones represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy to help meet the energetic needs of the brain in an energy crisis. Preliminary evidence suggests ketosis induced by exogenous ketones may attenuate damage or improve cognitive and motor performance in neurological conditions such as seizure disorders, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Poff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sara Moss
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maricel Soliven
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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7
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Peng W, Tan C, Mo L, Jiang J, Zhou W, Du J, Zhou X, Liu X, Chen L. Glucose transporter 3 in neuronal glucose metabolism: Health and diseases. Metabolism 2021; 123:154869. [PMID: 34425073 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons obtain glucose from extracellular environment for energy production mainly depending on glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). GLUT3 uptakes glucose with high affinity and great transport capacity, and is important for neuronal energy metabolism. This review summarized the role of neuronal GLUT3 in brain metabolism, function and development under both physiological conditions and in diseases, aiming to provide insights into neuronal glucose metabolism and its effect on brain. GLUT3 stabilizes neuronal glucose uptake and utilization, influences brain development and function, and ameliorates aging-related manifestations. Neuronal GLUT3 is regulated by synaptic activity, hormones, nutrition, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 in physiological conditions, and is also upregulated by hypoxia-ischemia. GLUT3-related neuronal glucose and energy metabolism is possibly involved in the pathogenesis, pathophysiological mechanism, progression or prognosis of brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. GLUT3 may be a promising therapeutic target of these diseases. This review also briefly discussed the role of other glucose transporters in neuronal glucose metabolism, which work together with GLUT3 to sustain and stabilize glucose and energy supply for neurons. Deficiency in these glucose transporters may also participate in brain diseases, especially GLUT1 and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxue Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncong Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Gonzalez-Resines S, Quinn PJ, Naftalin RJ, Domene C. Multiple Interactions of Glucose with the Extra-Membranous Loops of GLUT1 Aid Transport. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3559-3570. [PMID: 34260246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations amounting to ≈8 μs demonstrate that the glucose transporter GLUT1 undergoes structural fluctuations mediated by the fluidity of the lipid bilayer and the proximity to glucose. The fluctuations of GLUT1 increase as the glucose concentration is raised. These fluctuations are more pronounced when the lipid bilayer is in the fluid compared to the gel phase. Glucose interactions are confined to the extra-membranous residues when the lipid is in the gel phase but diffuses into the transmembrane regions in the fluid phase. Proximity of glucose to GLUT1 causes asynchronous expansions of key bottlenecks at the internal and external openings of the central pore. This is accomplished only by small conformational changes at the single residue level that lower the resistance to glucose movements, thereby permitting unsteered glucose and water movements along the entire length of the pore. When glucose is near salt bridges located at the external and internal openings of the central pore, the distance separating the polar amino acid residues guarding these apertures tends to increase in both fluid and gel phases. It is evident that the multiplicity of glucose interactions, obtained with high concentrations, amplifies the structural fluctuations in GLUT1. The findings that most of the salt bridges and the bottlenecks appear to be operated by glucose proximity suggest that the main triggers to activation of transport are located within the solvent accessible linker regions in the extramembranous zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Richard J Naftalin
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Carmen Domene
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AX, U.K.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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9
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Patsatzis DG, Goussis DA. A new Michaelis-Menten equation valid everywhere multi-scale dynamics prevails. Math Biosci 2019; 315:108220. [PMID: 31255632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2019.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme is among the most influential models in the field of biochemistry, since it led to a very popular expression for the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. After the realisation that this expression is valid in a limited region of the parameter space, two additional expressions were later introduced. The range of validity of these three expressions has been studied thoroughly, since the significance of a reliable rate is not based only on the accuracy of its predictive abilities but also on the physical insight that is acquired in the process of its construction. Here a new expression for the rate is introduced that is valid in practically the full parameter space and reduces to the expressions in the literature, when considering appropriate limits. The new expression is produced by employing algorithmic tools for asymptotic analysis, so that its construction is not hindered by the dimensional form and the complexity of the full model or by a wide parameter range of interest. These tools can be employed for the derivation of enzyme rate expressions of much more complex kinetics mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris G Patsatzis
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitris A Goussis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi,127788, United Arab Emirates.
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10
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Chen LY, Phelix CF. Extracellular gating of glucose transport through GLUT 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:573-578. [PMID: 30824189 PMCID: PMC6452493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is physiologically and pathologically relevant in energy metabolism of the CNS, skeletal muscles, cancer cells etc. Extensive experiments on GLUT1 produced thorough understandings of its expressions, functions, and structures which were recently resolved to atomic accuracy. However, theoretical understandings are still controversial about how GLUT1 facilitates glucose diffusion across the cell membrane. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the current literature have GLUT1 embedded in a symmetric bilayer of a single lipid type. They provide atomistic illustrations of the alternating access theory (AAT), but the simulation results are inconsistent with the undisputed experimental data of kinetics showing rapid transport of glucose at near-physiological temperatures, high Arrhenius activation barrier in zero-trans uptake, and large trans-acceleration at sub-physiological temperatures. In this research, we embedded GLUT1 in an asymmetric bilayer of multiple lipids to better mimic the erythrocyte membrane. We ran unbiased MD simulations at 37 °C and at 5 °C and found a new mechanism of glucose transport via GLUT1: The extracellular (EC) gate opened wide for EC glucopyranose at 37 °C and, only in the presence of intracellular (IC) glucose, at 5 °C. In the absence of IC glucose at 5 °C, the EC gate opened narrowly for acyclic glucose, gating out glucopyranose. This EC-gating mechanism is simpler than AAT and yet it well explains for the rapid glucose transport at near-physiological temperatures and large trans-acceleration at sub-physiological temperatures. It also explains why zero-trans uptake (involving the pyranose-to-aldehyde transformation) has an Arrhenius barrier ∼20 kcal/mol higher than the equilibrium exchange transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Y Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - Clyde F Phelix
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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