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Gomez-Escolar A, Folch-Sanchez D, Stefaniuk J, Swithenbank Z, Nisa A, Braddick F, Idrees Chaudhary N, van der Meer PB, Batalla A. Current Perspectives on the Clinical Research and Medicalization of Psychedelic Drugs for Addiction Treatments: Safety, Efficacy, Limitations and Challenges. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:771-789. [PMID: 39033264 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mental health disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) in particular, contribute greatly to the global burden of disease. Psychedelics, including entactogens and dissociative substances, are currently being explored for the treatment of SUDs, yet with less empirical clinical evidence than for other mental health disorders, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this narrative review, we discuss the current clinical research evidence, therapeutic potential and safety of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ibogaine, particularly in the context of the SUD treatment. Our aim was to provide a balanced overview of the current research and findings on potential benefits and harms of psychedelics in clinical settings for SUD treatment. We highlight the need for more clinical research in this particular treatment area and point out some limitations and challenges to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gomez-Escolar
- INAWE Institute, Calle Ciudad Real 28, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Sociedad Española de Medicina Psicodélica (SEMPsi), Barcelona, Spain.
- Energy Control, Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo (ABD), Madrid, Spain.
- Drogopedia, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Folch-Sanchez
- Addictions Research Group (GRAC), Clínic Foundation for Biomedical Research - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Zoe Swithenbank
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Fleur Braddick
- Addictions Research Group (GRAC), Clínic Foundation for Biomedical Research - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pim B van der Meer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Vamvakopoulou IA, Nutt DJ. Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction. Eur Addict Res 2024:1-19. [PMID: 39321788 DOI: 10.1159/000540062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-20th century, we have seen the re-emergence of psychedelics in a therapeutic setting and more specifically for the treatment of addiction. This article aims to review research over the past 40 years using classic (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], dimethyltryptamine [DMT], mescaline) and atypical (ketamine, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) psychedelics for the treatment of addiction. SUMMARY We will start with an overview of the pharmacology and physiological and psychological properties of psychedelic substances from pre-clinical and clinical research. We will then provide an overview of evidence gathered by studies conducted in controlled research environments and naturalistic and ceremonial settings, while we identify the proposed therapeutic mechanisms of each psychedelic substance. KEY MESSAGES Classic and atypical psychedelics show promise as therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of addiction, through the improvement of psychological and physiological symptoms of dependence. A more comprehensive understanding of the ancient and present-day knowledge of the therapeutic potential of psychedelics can facilitate hope for psychedelic therapeutics in the treatment of addiction, especially for individuals who have failed other conventional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Vamvakopoulou
- Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK,
| | - David J Nutt
- Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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3
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Martínez A, Caballero A, Ramírez R, Perez-Sanchez E, Quevedo E, Salvador-García D. Chemical Reactivity Parameters to Analyze Psychedelics: How Do We Explain the Potency of the Drugs? ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:39965-39971. [PMID: 39346816 PMCID: PMC11425621 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelics are psychoactive substances that produce changes in thoughts and feelings and modifications in perceptions of reality. The most potent psychedelic is also the first semisynthetic hallucinogen (lysergic acid diethylamide). Psychedelics have been investigated for decades because of their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases and also because these drugs are useful in controlling addictions to other substances. In this investigation, we analyze 27 psychedelic molecules. These compounds are serotonergic psychedelics; that is, they are serotonin agonists. We analyze the electron transfer properties to better understand the mechanism of action of these substances. We found that the electron acceptance capacity is related to the potency of the drugs: the best electron acceptor is also the most potent drug. We also used global softness as a parameter of reactivity. Molecules with greater global softness are more polarizable and also have greater potency. These results are useful to continue our understanding of the mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Alexis Caballero
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Emiliano Perez-Sanchez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Quevedo
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Diana Salvador-García
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S. N. Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico CP 04510, Mexico
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4
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Havel V, Kruegel AC, Bechand B, McIntosh S, Stallings L, Hodges A, Wulf MG, Nelson M, Hunkele A, Ansonoff M, Pintar JE, Hwu C, Ople RS, Abi-Gerges N, Zaidi SA, Katritch V, Yang M, Javitch JA, Majumdar S, Hemby SE, Sames D. Oxa-Iboga alkaloids lack cardiac risk and disrupt opioid use in animal models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8118. [PMID: 39304653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ibogaine and its main metabolite noribogaine provide important molecular prototypes for markedly different treatment of substance use disorders and co-morbid mental health illnesses. However, these compounds present a cardiac safety risk and a highly complex molecular mechanism. We introduce a class of iboga alkaloids - termed oxa-iboga - defined as benzofuran-containing iboga analogs and created via structural editing of the iboga skeleton. The oxa-iboga compounds lack the proarrhythmic adverse effects of ibogaine and noribogaine in primary human cardiomyocytes and show superior efficacy in animal models of opioid use disorder in male rats. They act as potent kappa opioid receptor agonists in vitro and in vivo, but exhibit atypical behavioral features compared to standard kappa opioid agonists. Oxa-noribogaine induces long-lasting suppression of morphine, heroin, and fentanyl intake after a single dose or a short treatment regimen, reversal of persistent opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and suppression of opioid drug seeking in rodent relapse models. As such, oxa-iboga compounds represent mechanistically distinct iboga analogs with therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Ibogaine/analogs & derivatives
- Ibogaine/pharmacology
- Ibogaine/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Disease Models, Animal
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruegel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Benjamin Bechand
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Scot McIntosh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Leia Stallings
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Alana Hodges
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Madalee G Wulf
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mel Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amanda Hunkele
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael Ansonoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - John E Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christopher Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Rohini S Ople
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Najah Abi-Gerges
- AnaBios Corporation, 1155 Island Ave, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mu Yang
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Core facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Scott E Hemby
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- The Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Bhattacharya T, Gupta A, Gupta S, Saha S, Ghosh S, Shireen Z, Dey S, Sinha S. Benzofuran Iboga-Analogs Modulate Nociception and Inflammation in an Acute Mouse Pain Model. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400162. [PMID: 38874536 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Pain management following acute injury or post-operative procedures is highly necessary for proper recovery and quality of life. Opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been used for this purpose, but opioids cause addiction and withdrawal symptoms whereas NSAIDS have several systemic toxicities. Derivatives of the naturally occurring iboga alkaloids have previously shown promising behavior in anti-addiction of morphine by virtue of their interaction with opioid receptors. On this frontier, four benzofuran analogs of the iboga family have been synthesized and their analgesic effects have been studied in formalin induced acute pain model in male Swiss albino mice at 30 mg/kg of body weight dose administered intraperitoneally. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory effects of the analogs were analyzed. Reversal of tail flick latency, restricted locomotion and anxiogenic behavior were observed in iboga alcohol, primary amide and secondary amide. Local neuroinflammatory mediators' substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide, cyclooxygenase-2 and p65 were significantly decreased whereas the depletion of brain derived neurotrophic factor and glia derived neurotrophic factor was overturned on iboga analog treatment. Behavioral patterns after oral administration of the best analog were also analyzed. Taken together, these results show that the iboga family of alkaloid has huge potential in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Samrat Saha
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Shatabdi Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Zofa Shireen
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
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6
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Yu R, Kong DL, Liao C, Yu YJ, He ZW, Wang Y. Natural products as the therapeutic strategies for addiction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116687. [PMID: 38701568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
World Drug Report 2023 concluded that 296 million people abused drugs, 39.5 million became addiction and 494,000 died as a direct or indirect result of addiction. Addiction has become a growing problem that affects individuals, their families, societies, countries and even the world. However, treatment for addiction is only limited to some developed countries because of the high cost, difficult implementation, and time consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-cost, effective drug for the development of addiction treatment in more countries, which is essential for the stability and sustainable development of the world. In this review, it provided an overview of the abuse of common addictive drugs, related disorders, and current therapeutic regimen worldwide, and summarized the mechanisms of drug addiction as reward circuits, neuroadaptation and plasticity, cognitive decision-making, genetics, and environment. According to their chemical structure, 43 natural products and 5 herbal combinations with potential to treat addiction were classified, and their sources, pharmacological effects and clinical trials were introduced. It was also found that mitragine, ibogine, L-tetrahydropalmatine and crocin had greater potential for anti-addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Lei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cai Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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7
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Atiq MA, Baker MR, Voort JLV, Vargas MV, Choi DS. Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06599-5. [PMID: 38743110 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating influence behind symptom resolution is thought to be the personal insight - at times, bordering on the mystical - one acquires during the acute phase of a psychedelic session. Indeed, current clinical trials have found strong correlations between the acute subjective effects (ASE) under the influence of psychedelics and their enduring therapeutic properties. However, with potential barriers to widespread clinical implementation, including the healthcare resource-intensive nature of psychedelic sessions and the exclusion of certain at-risk patient groups, there is an active search to determine whether ASE elimination can be accompanied by the retention of persisting therapeutic benefits of these class of compounds. Recognizing the aberrant underlying neural circuitry that characterizes a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and that classic psychedelics promote neuroplastic changes that may correct abnormal circuitry, investigators are rushing to design and discover compounds with psychoplastogenic, but not hallucinogenic (i.e., ASE), therapeutic potential. These efforts have paved the discovery of 'non-psychedelic/subjective psychedelics', or compounds that lack hallucinogenic activity but with therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models. This review aims to distill the current evidence - both clinical and preclinical - surrounding the question: can the ASE of classic psychedelics be dissociated from their sustained therapeutic properties? Several plausible clinical scenarios are then proposed to offer clarity on and potentially answer this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen A Atiq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Matthew R Baker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer L Vande Voort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Maxemiliano V Vargas
- Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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8
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Yuan S, Jiang SC, Zhang ZW, Li ZL, Hu J. Substance Addiction Rehabilitation Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:615. [PMID: 38794185 PMCID: PMC11124501 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relapse rate of substance abusers is high, and addiction rehabilitation adjunct drugs need to be developed urgently. There have been numerous reports on blocking the formation of substance addiction, but studies on drugs that can alleviate withdrawal symptoms are very limited. Both the dopamine transporter (DAT) hypothesis and D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) hypothesis are proposed. DAT activators reduce the extracellular dopamine level, and D3R antagonists reduce the neuron's sensitivity to dopamine, both of which may exacerbate the withdrawal symptoms subsequently. The D3R partial agonist SK608 has biased signaling properties via the G-protein-dependent pathway but did not induce D3R desensitization and, thus, may be a promising drug for the withdrawal symptoms. Drugs for serotoninergic neurons or GABAergic neurons and anti-inflammatory drugs may have auxiliary effects to addiction treatments. Drugs that promote structural synaptic plasticity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Si-Cong Jiang
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Comp. Ltd., Chengdu 611138, China;
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
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9
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Yao H, Wang X, Chi J, Chen H, Liu Y, Yang J, Yu J, Ruan Y, Xiang X, Pi J, Xu JF. Exploring Novel Antidepressants Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Key Membrane Receptors Based on Molecular Structures. Molecules 2024; 29:964. [PMID: 38474476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder that involves alterations in signal transmission across multiple scales and structural abnormalities. The development of effective antidepressants (ADs) has been hindered by the dominance of monoamine hypothesis, resulting in slow progress. Traditional ADs have undesirable traits like delayed onset of action, limited efficacy, and severe side effects. Recently, two categories of fast-acting antidepressant compounds have surfaced, dissociative anesthetics S-ketamine and its metabolites, as well as psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This has led to structural research and drug development of the receptors that they target. This review provides breakthroughs and achievements in the structure of depression-related receptors and novel ADs based on these. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled researchers to identify the structures of membrane receptors, including the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. These high-resolution structures can be used for the development of novel ADs using virtual drug screening (VDS). Moreover, the unique antidepressant effects of 5-HT1A receptors in various brain regions, and the pivotal roles of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (TrkB) in regulating synaptic plasticity, emphasize their potential as therapeutic targets. Using structural information, a series of highly selective ADs were designed based on the different role of receptors in MDD. These molecules have the favorable characteristics of rapid onset and low adverse drug reactions. This review offers researchers guidance and a methodological framework for the structure-based design of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaxin Chi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Haorong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xufu Xiang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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10
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Cherian KN, Keynan JN, Anker L, Faerman A, Brown RE, Shamma A, Keynan O, Coetzee JP, Batail JM, Phillips A, Bassano NJ, Sahlem GL, Inzunza J, Millar T, Dickinson J, Rolle CE, Keller J, Adamson M, Kratter IH, Williams NR. Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries. Nat Med 2024; 30:373-381. [PMID: 38182784 PMCID: PMC10878970 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability. Sequelae can include functional impairments and psychiatric syndromes such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. Special Operations Forces (SOF) veterans (SOVs) may be at an elevated risk for these complications, leading some to seek underexplored treatment alternatives such as the oneirogen ibogaine, a plant-derived compound known to interact with multiple neurotransmitter systems that has been studied primarily as a treatment for substance use disorders. Ibogaine has been associated with instances of fatal cardiac arrhythmia, but coadministration of magnesium may mitigate this concern. In the present study, we report a prospective observational study of the Magnesium-Ibogaine: the Stanford Traumatic Injury to the CNS protocol (MISTIC), provided together with complementary treatment modalities, in 30 male SOVs with predominantly mild TBI. We assessed changes in the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule from baseline to immediately (primary outcome) and 1 month (secondary outcome) after treatment. Additional secondary outcomes included changes in PTSD (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5), depression (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). MISTIC resulted in significant improvements in functioning both immediately (Pcorrected < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.74) and 1 month (Pcorrected < 0.001, d = 2.20) after treatment and in PTSD (Pcorrected < 0.001, d = 2.54), depression (Pcorrected < 0.001, d = 2.80) and anxiety (Pcorrected < 0.001, d = 2.13) at 1 month after treatment. There were no unexpected or serious adverse events. Controlled clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy are needed to validate these initial open-label findings. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04313712 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N Cherian
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jackob N Keynan
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Anker
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Afik Faerman
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Shamma
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Or Keynan
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John P Coetzee
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Polytrauma Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Batail
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela Phillips
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bassano
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory L Sahlem
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Ambio Life Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trevor Millar
- Ambio Life Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - C E Rolle
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Keller
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maheen Adamson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Department of Rehabilitation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian H Kratter
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nolan R Williams
- Brain Stimulation Lab, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Villalba S, González B, Junge S, Bernardi A, González J, Fagúndez C, Torterolo P, Carrera I, Urbano FJ, Bisagno V. 5-HT 2A Receptor Knockout Mice Show Sex-Dependent Differences following Acute Noribogaine Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:687. [PMID: 38255760 PMCID: PMC10815577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Noribogaine (noribo) is the primary metabolite from ibogaine, an atypical psychedelic alkaloid isolated from the root bark of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses of noribo are mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) in mice. In that regard, we used male and female, 5-HT2AR knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice injected with a single noribo dose (10 or 40 mg/kg; i.p.). After 30 min., locomotor activity was recorded followed by mRNA measurements by qPCR (immediate early genes; IEG, glutamate receptors, and 5-HT2AR levels) and electrophysiology recordings of layer V pyramidal neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex. Noribo 40 decreased locomotion in male, but not female WT. Sex and genotype differences were observed for IEG and glutamate receptor expression. Expression of 5-HT2AR mRNA increased in the mPFC of WT mice following Noribo 10 (males) or Noribo 40 (females). Patch-clamp recordings showed that Noribo 40 reduced the NMDA-mediated postsynaptic current density in mPFC pyramidal neurons only in male WT mice, but no effects were found for either KO males or females. Our results highlight that noribo produces sexually dimorphic effects while the genetic removal of 5HT2AR blunted noribo-mediated responses to NMDA synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Villalba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Bruno González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Stephanie Junge
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Alejandra Bernardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Joaquín González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (J.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Catherine Fagúndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (J.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (B.G.); (C.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Francisco J. Urbano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular Prof. Héctor Maldonado, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Verónica Bisagno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Mariano Acosta 1611, Buenos Aires B1629WWA, Argentina; (S.V.); (S.J.)
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12
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González B, Veiga N, Hernández G, Seoane G, Carrera I. Reactivity of the Iboga Skeleton: Oxidation Study of Ibogaine and Voacangine. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1500-1511. [PMID: 37221656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The iboga alkaloids scaffold shows great potential as a pharmacophore in drug candidates for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, the study of the reactivity of this type of motif is particularly useful for the generation of new analogs suitable for medicinal chemistry goals. In this article, we analyzed the oxidation pattern of ibogaine and voacangine using dioxygen, peroxo compounds, and iodine as oxidizing agents. Special focus was placed on the study of the regio- and stereochemistry of the oxidation processes according to the oxidative agent and starting material. We found that the C16-carboxymethyl ester present in voacangine stabilizes the whole molecule toward oxidation in comparison to ibogaine, especially in the indole ring, where 7-hydroxy- or 7-peroxy-indolenines can be obtained as oxidation products. Nevertheless, the ester moiety enhances the reactivity of the isoquinuclidinic nitrogen to afford C3-oxidized products through a regioselective iminium formation. This differential reactivity between ibogaine and voacangine was rationalized using computational DFT calculations. In addition, using qualitative and quantitative NMR experiments combined with theoretical calculations, the absolute stereochemistry at C7 in the 7-hydroxyindolenine of voacangine was revised to be S, which corrects previous reports proposing an R configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno González
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Veiga
- Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Laboratorio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Seoane
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Singh I, Seth A, Billesbølle CB, Braz J, Rodriguiz RM, Roy K, Bekele B, Craik V, Huang XP, Boytsov D, Pogorelov VM, Lak P, O'Donnell H, Sandtner W, Irwin JJ, Roth BL, Basbaum AI, Wetsel WC, Manglik A, Shoichet BK, Rudnick G. Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter. Cell 2023; 186:2160-2175.e17. [PMID: 37137306 PMCID: PMC10306110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) removes synaptic serotonin and is the target of anti-depressant drugs. SERT adopts three conformations: outward-open, occluded, and inward-open. All known inhibitors target the outward-open state except ibogaine, which has unusual anti-depressant and substance-withdrawal effects, and stabilizes the inward-open conformation. Unfortunately, ibogaine's promiscuity and cardiotoxicity limit the understanding of inward-open state ligands. We docked over 200 million small molecules against the inward-open state of the SERT. Thirty-six top-ranking compounds were synthesized, and thirteen inhibited; further structure-based optimization led to the selection of two potent (low nanomolar) inhibitors. These stabilized an outward-closed state of the SERT with little activity against common off-targets. A cryo-EM structure of one of these bound to the SERT confirmed the predicted geometry. In mouse behavioral assays, both compounds had anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like activity, with potencies up to 200-fold better than fluoxetine (Prozac), and one substantially reversed morphine withdrawal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anubha Seth
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Christian B Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joao Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kasturi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Bethlehem Bekele
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Veronica Craik
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir M Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Gary Rudnick
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA.
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14
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Johnston JN, Kadriu B, Allen J, Gilbert JR, Henter ID, Zarate CA. Ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics: An update on the mechanisms and biosignatures underlying rapid-acting antidepressant treatment. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109422. [PMID: 36646310 PMCID: PMC9983360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of ketamine as a rapid-acting antidepressant spurred significant research to understand its underlying mechanisms of action and to identify other novel compounds that may act similarly. Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) have shown initial promise in treating depression, though the challenge of conducting randomized controlled trials with SPs and the necessity of long-term clinical observation are important limitations. This review summarizes the similarities and differences between the psychoactive effects associated with both ketamine and SPs and the mechanisms of action of these compounds, with a focus on the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, opioid, and inflammatory systems. Both molecular and neuroimaging aspects are considered. While their main mechanisms of action differ-SPs increase serotonergic signaling while ketamine is a glutamatergic modulator-evidence suggests that the downstream mechanisms of action of both ketamine and SPs include mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and downstream GABAA receptor activity. The similarities in downstream mechanisms may explain why ketamine, and potentially SPs, exert rapid-acting antidepressant effects. However, research on SPs is still in its infancy compared to the ongoing research that has been conducted with ketamine. For both therapeutics, issues with regulation and proper controls should be addressed before more widespread implementation. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ketamine and its Metabolites".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Josh Allen
- The Alfred Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jessica R Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Gomes BR, Tofoli LF. A sacred plant of neuronal effect: the use of ibogaine in addiction treatments in Brazil. ANTHROPOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/anoc.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences – Unicamp Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. CEP 13083‐887 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Tofoli
- School of Medical Sciences – Unicamp Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126. Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz. CEP 13083‐887 Campinas SP Brazil
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16
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Barbee BR, Gourley SL. Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100012. [PMID: 37485439 PMCID: PMC10361393 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue that generates substantial personal, familial, and economic burdens. Still, there are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for CUD. Cocaine-dependent individuals report anxiety during withdrawal, and alleviation of anxiety and other negative affective states may be critical for maintaining drug abstinence. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying abstinence-related anxiety in humans or anxiety-like behavior in rodents are not fully understood. This review summarizes investigations regarding anxiety-like behavior in mice and rats undergoing cocaine abstinence, as assessed using four of the most common anxiety-related assays: the elevated plus (or its derivative, the elevated zero) maze, open field test, light-dark transition test, and defensive burying task. We first summarize available evidence that cocaine abstinence generates anxiety-like behavior that persists throughout protracted abstinence. Then, we examine investigations concerning neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, and neuromodulator systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior. Throughout, we discuss how differences in sex, rodent strain, cocaine dose and dosing strategy and abstinence duration interact to generate anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton R. Barbee
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology,
Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
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17
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F. Martins ML, Heydari P, Li W, Martínez-Chávez A, Venekamp N, Lebre MC, Lucas L, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Drug Transporters ABCB1 (P-gp) and OATP, but not Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme CYP3A4, Affect the Pharmacokinetics of the Psychoactive Alkaloid Ibogaine and its Metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855000. [PMID: 35308219 PMCID: PMC8931498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine is increasingly used as an oral treatment for substance use disorders, despite being unlicensed in most countries and having reported adverse events. Using wild-type and genetically modified mice, we investigated the impact of mouse (m)Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 drug efflux transporters, human and mouse OATP drug uptake transporters, and the CYP3A drug-metabolizing complex on the pharmacokinetics of ibogaine and its main metabolites. Following oral ibogaine administration (10 mg/kg) to mice, we observed a rapid and extensive conversion of ibogaine to noribogaine (active metabolite) and noribogaine glucuronide. Mouse Abcb1a/1b, in combination with mAbcg2, modestly restricted the systemic exposure (plasma AUC) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of ibogaine. Accordingly, we found a ∼2-fold decrease in the relative recovery of ibogaine in the small intestine with fecal content in the absence of both transporters compared to the wild-type situation. Ibogaine presented good intrinsic brain penetration even in wild-type mice (brain-to-plasma ratio of 3.4). However, this was further increased by 1.5-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2−/− mice, but not in Abcg2−/− mice, revealing a stronger effect of mAbcb1a/1b in restricting ibogaine brain penetration. The studied human OATP transporters showed no major impact on ibogaine plasma and tissue disposition, but the mOatp1a/1b proteins modestly affected the plasma exposure of ibogaine metabolites and the tissue disposition of noribogaine glucuronide. No considerable role of mouse Cyp3a knockout or transgenic human CYP3A4 overexpression was observed in the pharmacokinetics of ibogaine and its metabolites. In summary, ABCB1, in combination with ABCG2, limits the oral availability of ibogaine, possibly by mediating its hepatobiliary and/or direct intestinal excretion. Moreover, ABCB1 restricts ibogaine brain penetration. Variation in ABCB1/ABCG2 activity due to genetic variation and/or pharmacologic inhibition might therefore affect ibogaine exposure in patients, but only to a limited extent. The insignificant impact of human CYP3A4 and OATP1B1/1B3 transporters may be clinically advantageous for ibogaine and noribogaine use, as it decreases the risks of undesirable drug interactions or interindividual variation related to CYP3A4 and/or OATP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenlong Li
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Chávez
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikkie Venekamp
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luc Lucas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alfred H. Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Alfred H. Schinkel,
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18
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González-Trujano ME, Krengel F, Reyes-Chilpa R, Villasana-Salazar B, González-Gómez JD, Santos-Valencia F, Urbina-Trejo E, Martínez A, Martínez-Vargas D. Tabernaemontana arborea and ibogaine induce paroxysmal EEG activity in freely moving mice: involvement of serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:79-91. [PMID: 34999156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Apocynaceae species, most notably Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and many Tabernaemontana species, produce ibogan-type alkaloids. Although a large amount of information exists about the Tabernaemontana genus, knowledge concerning chemistry and biological activity remains lacking for several species, especially related to their effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tabernaemontana arborea Rose ex J.D.Sm. (T. arborea) hydroalcoholic extract (30, 56.2 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and two of its main alkaloids (ibogaine and voacangine, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity alone and in the presence of the chemical convulsant agent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 85 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. EEG spectral power analysis showed that T. arborea extract (56.2 and 100 mg/kg) and ibogaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) promoted a significant increase in the relative power of the delta band and a significant reduction in alpha band values, denoting a CNS depressant effect. Voacangine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) provoked an EEG flattening pattern. The PTZ-induced seizures were not modified in the presence of T. arborea, ibogaine, or voacangine. However, sudden death was observed in mice treated with T. arborea extract at 100 mg/kg, i.p., combined with PTZ. Because T. arborea extract (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and ibogaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), but not voacangine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), induced paroxysmal activity in the EEG, both were explored in the presence of a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). The antagonist abolished the paroxysmal activity provoked by T. arborea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) but not that observed with ibogaine, corroborating the participation of serotonin neurotransmission in the T. arborea effects. In conclusion, high doses of the T. arborea extract induced abnormal EEG activity due in part to the presence of ibogaine and involving serotonin 5-HT1A receptor participation. Nevertheless, other possible constituents and mechanisms might participate in this complex excitatory activity that would be interesting to explore in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Felix Krengel
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04360, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Benjamín Villasana-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José David González-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Santos-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Urbina-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Adrián Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Epilepsia, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - David Martínez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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19
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Waters K. Pharmacologic Similarities and Differences Among Hallucinogens. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61 Suppl 2:S100-S113. [PMID: 34396556 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinogens constitute a unique class of substances that cause changes in the user's thoughts, perceptions, and mood through various mechanisms of action. Although the serotonergic hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine have been termed the classical hallucinogens, many hallucinogens elicit their actions through other mechanisms such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism, opioid receptor agonism, or inhibition of the reuptake of monoamines including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The aim of this article is to compare the pharmacologic similarities and differences among substances within the hallucinogen class and their impact on physical and psychiatric effects. Potential toxicities, including life-threatening and long-term effects, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Waters
- School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Optimizing psychedelic compounds for neuropsychiatric therapy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1397-1398. [PMID: 33820954 PMCID: PMC8209136 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Bhat S, Guthrie DA, Kasture A, El-Kasaby A, Cao J, Bonifazi A, Ku T, Giancola JB, Hummel T, Freissmuth M, Newman AH. Tropane-Based Ibogaine Analog Rescues Folding-Deficient Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:503-516. [PMID: 33860180 PMCID: PMC8033614 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Missense
mutations that give rise to protein misfolding are rare,
but collectively, defective protein folding diseases are consequential.
Folding deficiencies are amenable to pharmacological correction (pharmacochaperoning),
but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Ibogaine and its active
metabolite noribogaine correct folding defects in the dopamine transporter
(DAT), but they rescue only a very limited number of folding-deficient
DAT mutant proteins, which give rise to infantile Parkinsonism and
dystonia. Herein, a series of analogs was generated by reconfiguring
the complex ibogaine ring system and exploring the structural requirements
for binding to wild-type transporters, as well as for rescuing two
equivalent synthetic folding-deficient mutants, SERT-PG601,602AA and DAT-PG584,585AA. The most active tropane-based
analog (9b) was also an effective pharmacochaperone in vivo in Drosophila harboring the DAT-PG584,585AA mutation and rescued 6 out of 13 disease-associated
human DAT mutant proteins in vitro. Hence, a novel
lead pharmacochaperone has been identified that demonstrates medication
development potential for patients harboring DAT mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Daryl A Guthrie
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Olson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center
for Neuroscience, University of California,
Davis, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, California 95618, United States
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23
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Iyer RN, Favela D, Zhang G, Olson DE. The iboga enigma: the chemistry and neuropharmacology of iboga alkaloids and related analogs. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:307-329. [PMID: 32794540 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2020 Few classes of natural products have inspired as many chemists and biologists as have the iboga alkaloids. This family of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids includes the anti-addictive compound ibogaine as well as catharanthine, a precursor to the chemotherapeutic vinblastine. Despite being known for over 120 years, these small molecules continue to challenge our assumptions about biosynthetic pathways, catalyze our creativity for constructing complex architectures, and embolden new approaches for treating mental illness. This review will cover recent advances in both the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of iboga alkaloids as well as their use as next-generation neurotherapeutics. Whenever appropriate, we provide historical context for the discoveries of the past decade and indicate areas that have yet to be resolved. While significant progress regarding their chemistry and pharmacology has been made since the 1960s, it is clear that the iboga alkaloids will continue to stoke scientific innovation for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab N Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David Favela
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd, Suite 2102, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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24
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Cameron LP, Tombari RJ, Lu J, Pell AJ, Hurley ZQ, Ehinger Y, Vargas MV, McCarroll MN, Taylor JC, Myers-Turnbull D, Liu T, Yaghoobi B, Laskowski LJ, Anderson EI, Zhang G, Viswanathan J, Brown BM, Tjia M, Dunlap LE, Rabow ZT, Fiehn O, Wulff H, McCorvy JD, Lein PJ, Kokel D, Ron D, Peters J, Zuo Y, Olson DE. A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential. Nature 2020; 589:474-479. [PMID: 33299186 PMCID: PMC7874389 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine has anti-addictive properties in both humans and animals.1 Unlike most substance use disorder (SUD) medications, anecdotal reports suggest that ibogaine possesses the potential to treat patients addicted to a variety of substances including opiates, alcohol, and psychostimulants. Like other psychedelic compounds, its therapeutic effects are long-lasting,2 which has been attributed to its ability to modify addiction-related neural circuitry through activation of neurotrophic factor signaling.3,4 However, several safety concerns have hindered the clinical development of ibogaine including its toxicity, hallucinogenic potential, and proclivity for inducing cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we apply the principles of function-oriented synthesis (FOS) to identify the key structural elements of its potential therapeutic pharmacophore, enabling us to engineer tabernanthalog (TBG)—a water soluble, non-hallucinogenic, non-toxic analog of ibogaine that can be prepared in a single step. TBG promoted structural neural plasticity, reduced alcohol- and heroin-seeking behavior, and produced antidepressant-like effects in rodents. This work demonstrates that through careful chemical design, it is possible to modify a psychedelic compound to produce a safer, non-hallucinogenic variant with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Cameron
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Tombari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ju Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Pell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zefan Q Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yann Ehinger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew N McCarroll
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack C Taylor
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Myers-Turnbull
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Quantitative Biosciences Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Bianca Yaghoobi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren J Laskowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emilie I Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Brandon M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Tjia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Lee E Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zachary T Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Kokel
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Delix Therapeutics, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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25
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Rodrı́guez P, Urbanavicius J, Prieto JP, Fabius S, Reyes AL, Havel V, Sames D, Scorza C, Carrera I. A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or Its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-Like Effect in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1661-1672. [PMID: 32330007 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anecdotal reports and open-label case studies in humans indicated that the psychedelic alkaloid ibogaine exerts profound antiaddictive effects. Ample preclinical evidence demonstrated the efficacy of ibogaine, and its main metabolite, noribogaine, in substance-use-disorder rodent models. In contrast to addiction research, depression-relevant effects of ibogaine or noribogaine in rodents have not been previously examined. We have recently reported that the acute ibogaine administration induced a long-term increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex, which led us to hypothesize that ibogaine may elicit antidepressant-like effects in rats. Accordingly, we characterized behavioral effects (dose- and time-dependence) induced by the acute ibogaine and noribogaine administration in rats using the forced swim test (FST, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p., single injection for each dose). We also examined the correlation between plasma and brain concentrations of ibogaine and noribogaine and the elicited behavioral response. We found that ibogaine and noribogaine induced a dose- and time-dependent antidepressant-like effect without significant changes of animal locomotor activity. Noribogaine's FST effect was short-lived (30 min) and correlated with high brain concentrations (estimated >8 μM of free drug), while the ibogaine's antidepressant-like effect was significant at 3 h. At this time point, both ibogaine and noribogaine were present in rat brain at concentrations that cannot produce the same behavioral outcome on their own (ibogaine ∼0.5 μM, noribogaine ∼2.5 μM). Our data suggests a polypharmacological mechanism underpinning the antidepressant-like effects of ibogaine and noribogaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rodrı́guez
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Jessika Urbanavicius
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - José Pedro Prieto
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Sara Fabius
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ana Laura Reyes
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenologı́a Molecular, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Vaclav Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacologı́a Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Carrera
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
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26
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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27
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He MC, Shi Z, Qin M, Sha NN, Li Y, Liao DF, Lin FH, Shu B, Sun YL, Yuan TF, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Muscone Ameliorates LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Prefrontal Cortex of Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:559-577. [PMID: 32345030 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is partially caused by inflammation in the central nervous system. Early study demonstrated that musk, glandular secretion from male musk deer, exerted an antidepressant-like effect. The aim of this study was to investigate if muscone, a bioactive ingredient in musk, could ameliorate neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors as well as explore the potential action mechanism. Mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with muscone for 2 weeks prior to administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1mg/kg, i.p.). Pre-treatment with muscone reversed the LPS-induced decrease in body weight within 24h and ameliorated depressive-like behaviors shown by sucrose preference, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. LPS-induced activation of microglial cells and elevation in expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, RANTES, and MCP-1 in the prefrontal cortex of mice were effectively abrogated by muscone, which significantly down-regulated expression of TLR4, MyD88, Caspase-1, NLRP3, renin, and Ang II. In addition, treatment of BV2 microglia cells with muscone markedly attenuated the LPS-induced rise in protein expression of TLR4, Ang II, and IL-1β. This study revealed that muscone could ameliorate LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors by repressing neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex of mice caused by its suppression on microglia activation and production of inflammatory cytokines via acting on TLR4 pathway and RAS cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chao He
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Li Sun
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Davis AK, Averill LA, Sepeda ND, Barsuglia JP, Amoroso T. Psychedelic Treatment for Trauma-Related Psychological and Cognitive Impairment Among US Special Operations Forces Veterans. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2020; 4:2470547020939564. [PMID: 32704581 PMCID: PMC7359647 DOI: 10.1177/2470547020939564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. Special Operations Forces Veterans are at increased risk for a variety of mental health problems and cognitive impairment associated with military service. Current treatments are lacking in effectiveness and adherence. Therefore, this study examined psychedelic treatment with ibogaine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine for trauma-related psychological and cognitive impairment among U.S. Special Operations Forces Veterans. METHOD We conducted a survey of Veterans who completed a specific psychedelic clinical program in Mexico between 2017 and 2019. Questions probed retrospective reports of mental health and cognitive functioning during the 30 days before and 30 days after treatment. A total of 65 people completed treatment during this time frame and were eligible for contact. Of these, 51 (78%) completed the survey and were included in data analyses (mean age = 40; male = 96%; married = 55%; Caucasian/White = 92%; Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Service = 96%). RESULTS Results indicated significant and very large reductions in retrospective report of suicidal ideation (p < .001; d = -1.9), cognitive impairment (p < .001; d = -2.8), and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (p < .001; d = -3.6), depression (p < .001; d = -3.7), and anxiety (p < .001; d = -3.1). Results also showed a significant and large increase in retrospective report of psychological flexibility (p < .001; d = 2.9) from before-to-after the psychedelic treatment. Increases in the retrospective report of psychological flexibility were strongly associated with retrospective report of reductions in cognitive impairment, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety (rs range -0.61 to -0.75; p < .001). Additionally, most participants rated the psychedelic experiences as one of the top five personally meaningful (84%), spiritually significant (88%), and psychologically insightful (86%) experiences of their lives.Limitations: Several limitations should be considered including the retrospective, self-report, survey design of the study, and the lack of randomization and blinding, thus making these finding preliminary. CONCLUSION U.S. Special Operations Forces Veterans may have unique treatment needs because of the sequela of problems associated with repeated trauma exposure and the nature of the exposure. Psychedelic-assisted therapy with these under-researched psychedelics may hold unique promise for this population. However, controlled studies are needed to determine whether this treatment is efficacious in relieving mental health and cognitive impairment among U.S. Special Operations Forces Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K. Davis
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynnette A. Averill
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nathan D. Sepeda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Timothy Amoroso
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
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Witkin JM, Martin AE, Golani LK, Xu NZ, Smith JL. Rapid-acting antidepressants. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 86:47-96. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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