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Blanco-Gómez A, Díaz-Abellás M, Montes de Oca I, Peinador C, Pazos E, García MD. Host-Guest Stimuli-Responsive Click Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400743. [PMID: 38597381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Click chemistry has reached its maturity as the weapon of choice for the irreversible ligation of molecular fragments, with over 20 years of research resulting in the development or improvement of highly efficient kinetically controlled conjugation reactions. Nevertheless, traditional click reactions can be disadvantageous not only in terms of efficiency (side products, slow kinetics, air/water tolerance, etc.), but also because they completely avoid the possibility to reversibly produce and control bound/unbound states. Recently, non-covalent click chemistry has appeared as a more efficient alternative, in particular by using host-guest self-assembled systems of high thermodynamic stability and kinetic lability. This review discusses the implementation of molecular switches in the development of such non-covalent ligation processes, resulting in what we have termed stimuli-responsive click chemistry, in which the bound/unbound constitutional states of the system can be favored by external stimulation, in particular using host-guest complexes. As we exemplify with handpicked selected examples, these supramolecular systems are well suited for the development of human-controlled molecular conjugation, by coupling thermodynamically regulated processes with appropriate temporally resolved extrinsic control mechanisms, thus mimicking nature and advancing our efforts to develop a more function-oriented chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Blanco-Gómez
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mauro Díaz-Abellás
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iván Montes de Oca
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Pazos
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos D García
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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2
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Werner M, Brinkhofer J, Hammermüller L, Heim T, Pham TL, Huber J, Klein C, Thomas F. Peptide Boronic Acids by Late-Stage Hydroboration on the Solid Phase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400640. [PMID: 38810019 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds have a wide range of applications in numerous research fields, and metmhods to incorporate them in biomolecules are much sought after. Here, on-resin chemical syntheses of aliphatic and vinylogous peptide boronic acids are presented by transition metal-catalyzed late-stage hydroboration of alkene and alkyne groups in peptides and peptoids, for example on allyl- and propargylglycine residues, using readily available chemicals. These methods yield peptide boronic acids with much shorter linkers than previously reported on-resin methods. Furthermore, the methods are regio- and stereoselective, compatible with all canonical amino acid residues and can be applied to short, long, and in part even "difficult" peptide sequences. In a feasibility study, the protected peptide vinylboronic acids are further derivatized by the Petasis reaction using salicylaldehyde derivatives. The ability of the obtained peptide boronic acids to reversibly bind to carbohydrates is demonstrated in a catch-release model experiment using a fluorescently labeled peptide boronic acid on cross-linked dextran beads. In summary, this highlights the potential of the target compounds for drug discovery, glycan-specific target recognition, controlled release, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Werner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Brinkhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Hammermüller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Truc Lam Pham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Huber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Pelozo MF, Cordeiro CF, Inácio LF, de Cassia Alves Lemini R, Gonçalves Souza E Leite E, Benedetti MD, Tulha CA, Novaes RD, Caldas IS, Carvalho DT, Lavorato SN, Hawkes JA, Franco LL. Synthesis of new trypanocidal agents from the hybridisation of metronidazole and eugenol analogues. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107288. [PMID: 38521013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitroimidazole compounds are well-known bioactive substances, and the structural activity relationship has been reported whereby the position of the nitro group within the imidazole ring has a large influence on the activity. This study focuses on synthesising new trypanocidal agents from the hybridisation of metronidazole with different natural phenols (eugenol, dihydroeugenol and guaiacol). Two different coupling methodologies have been explored in order to analyse the influence of the connector on bioactivity: i) classic direct esterification (AD compounds) and ii) "click" chemistry using a triazole connector (AC compounds). The in vitro trypanocidal tests show good results for both AC and AD hybrid compounds against both epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. In silico studies showed positive data for most of the synthesised compounds and, in general present low toxicological risks. The AC compounds present lower ClogP (lipophilicity) values than those found for the AD series and higher TPSA (topological polar surface area) values, suggesting lower lipophilicity may be related to the presence of the triazole connector. The AD series compounds have higher Drug Score values than the AC series derivatives, suggesting better general properties for a pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Fonseca Inácio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monique Dias Benedetti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Alves Tulha
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, BA 47810-047 Brazil
| | - Jamie Anthony Hawkes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopardi Franco
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil.
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4
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Zhang L, Krause TB, Deol H, Pandey B, Xiao Q, Park HM, Iverson BL, Law D, Anslyn EV. Chemical and linguistic considerations for encoding Chinese characters: an embodiment using chain-end degradable sequence-defined oligourethanes created by consecutive solid phase click chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5284-5293. [PMID: 38577351 PMCID: PMC10988576 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) are currently being investigated for use as information storage media. As the number of monomers in the SDPs increases, with a corresponding increase in mathematical base, the use of tandem-MS for de novo sequencing becomes more challenging. In contrast, chain-end degradation routines are truly de novo, potentially allowing very large mathematical bases for encoding. While alphabetic scripts have a few dozen symbols, logographic scripts, such as Chinese, can have several thousand symbols. Using a new in situ consecutive click reaction approach on an oligourethane backbone for writing, and a previously reported chain-end degradation routine for reading, we encoded/decoded a confucius proverb written in Chinese characters using two encoding schemes: Unicode and Zhèng Mă. Unicode is an internationally standardized arbitrary string of hexadecimal (base-16) symbols which efficiently encodes uniquely identifiable symbols but requires complete fidelity of transmission, or context-based inferential strategies to be interpreted. The Zhèng Mă approach encodes with a base-26 system using the visual characteristics and internal composition of Chinese characters themselves, which leads to greater ambiguity of encoded strings, but more robust retrievability of information from partial or corrupted encodings. The application of information-encoded oligourethanes to two different encoding systems allowed us to establish their flexibility and versatility for data storage. We found the oligourethanes immensely adaptable to both encoding schemes for Chinese characters, and we highlight the expected tradeoff between the efficiency and uniqueness of Unicode encoding on the one hand, and the fidelity to a scripts' particular visual characteristics on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Todd B Krause
- Linguistics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Harnimarta Deol
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Bipin Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Qifan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Hyun Meen Park
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Brent L Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
| | - Danny Law
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
- Linguistics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin TX 78721 USA
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5
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Bourgery C, Mendoza DJ, Garnier G, Mouterde LMM, Allais F. Immobilization of Adenosine Derivatives onto Cellulose Nanocrystals via Click Chemistry for Biocatalysis Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11315-11323. [PMID: 38394235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central molecule of organisms and is involved in many biological processes. It is also widely used in biocatalytic processes, especially as a substrate and precursor of many cofactors─such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(H)), coenzyme A (CoA), and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Despite its great scientific interest and pivotal role, its use in industrial processes is impeded by its prohibitory cost. To overcome this limitation, we developed a greener synthesis of adenosine derivatives and efficiently selectively grafted them onto organic nanoparticles. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals were used as a model combined with click chemistry via a copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). The grafted adenosine triphosphate derivative fully retains its biocatalytic capability, enabling heterobiocatalysis for modern biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célestin Bourgery
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle 51110, France
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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6
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Mehak, Singh G, Singh R, Singh G, Stanzin J, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. Clicking in harmony: exploring the bio-orthogonal overlap in click chemistry. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7383-7413. [PMID: 38433942 PMCID: PMC10906366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to scrutinize and modify biological systems, the global research community has continued to explore bio-orthogonal click reactions, a set of reactions exclusively targeting non-native molecules within biological systems. These methodologies have brought about a paradigm shift, demonstrating the feasibility of artificial chemical reactions occurring on cellular surfaces, in the cell cytosol, or within the body - an accomplishment challenging to achieve with the majority of conventional chemical reactions. This review delves into the principles of bio-orthogonal click chemistry, contrasting metal-catalyzed and metal-free reactions of bio-orthogonal nature. It comprehensively explores mechanistic details and applications, highlighting the versatility and potential of this methodology in diverse scientific contexts, from cell labelling to biosensing and polymer synthesis. Researchers globally continue to advance this powerful tool for precise and selective manipulation of biomolecules in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Jigmat Stanzin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
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7
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Magarelli G, da Silva JG, Ribeiro CL, de Freitas TV, Rodrigues MA, de Souza Gil E, Marraccini P, de Souza JR, de Castro CSP, Bemquerer MP. A voltammetric peptide biosensor for Cu 2+ metal ion quantification in coffee seeds. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112441. [PMID: 38103419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A prion-derived copper(II)-binding peptide was assembled onto a gold electrode for the building of a voltammetric biosensor for measuring the Cu2+ metal ion in biological samples. The chosen sequence was H-CVNITKQHTVTTTT-NH2, with an appended cysteine residue for binding to the gold surface as a self-assembled monolayer and a histidine residue as the anchorage point for copper(II) complexation. The biosensor showed a linear range of 10-7 to 10-6 M with an 8.0 × 10-8 M detection limit and a 1.0 × 10-7 M quantification limit, with good precision, trueness, and absence of matrix effect. The quantification of Cu2+ was performed in the presence of other transition metal ions, such as Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, or Ni2+, which indicates the excellent selectivity of the biosensor. When the modified electrode was applied for measuring copper(II) in calcined coffee seeds, a difference in copper amount was observed between two Coffea arabica cultivars that were submitted to a treatment with a copper-based antifungal, showing the applicability of the biosensor in the agricultural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Magarelli
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final) P.O. Box 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Gomes da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Campus Reitor Edgard Santos, 47810-047 Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Caroline Luchtenberg Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final) P.O. Box 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Viana de Freitas
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final) P.O. Box 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Magali Aparecida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Setor Universitário, 74605-220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Pierre Marraccini
- CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour de Développement), UMR DIADE, 34398 Montpellier, France.; UMR DIADE (Diversity, Adaptation, Development of Plants), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jurandir Rodrigues de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, P.O. Box 4478, 70910900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Silva Pires de Castro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final) P.O. Box 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Porto Bemquerer
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final) P.O. Box 02372, 70770-917 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, Dom Bosco, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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8
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Sevim S, Sanchis-Gual R, Franco C, Aragonès AC, Darwish N, Kim D, Picca RA, Nelson BJ, Ruiz E, Pané S, Díez-Pérez I, Puigmartí-Luis J. Electrostatic catalysis of a click reaction in a microfluidic cell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:790. [PMID: 38278792 PMCID: PMC10817948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric fields have been highlighted as a smart reagent in nature's enzymatic machinery, as they can directly trigger or accelerate chemical processes with stereo- and regio-specificity. In enzymatic catalysis, controlled mass transport of chemical species is also key in facilitating the availability of reactants in the active reaction site. However, recent progress in developing a clean catalysis that profits from oriented electric fields is limited to theoretical and experimental studies at the single molecule level, where both the control over mass transport and scalability cannot be tested. Here, we quantify the electrostatic catalysis of a prototypical Huisgen cycloaddition in a large-area electrode surface and directly compare its performance to the conventional Cu(I) catalysis. Our custom-built microfluidic cell enhances reagent transport towards the electrified reactive interface. This continuous-flow microfluidic electrostatic reactor is an example of an electric-field driven platform where clean large-scale electrostatic catalytic processes can be efficiently implemented and regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Sevim
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Sanchis-Gual
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Franco
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert C Aragonès
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Marti i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ismael Díez-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), Marti i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Kondo Y, Kimura H, Chisaka R, Hattori Y, Kawashima H, Yasui H. One-pot two-step radioiodination based on copper-mediated iododeboronation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:714-717. [PMID: 38108251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This methodology demonstrates the ability to sequentially regulate copper-mediated radioiododeboronation and an azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, which facilitates the continuous incorporation of reagents into the reaction system and mediates the integration of the purification steps into the final process. Additionally, this reaction is suited to be conducted under mild conditions and yields target compounds through potent radiochemical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kondo
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
- Division of Probe Chemistry for Disease Analysis, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ryota Chisaka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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10
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Berdzik N, Koenig H, Mrówczyńska L, Nowak D, Jasiewicz B, Pospieszny T. Synthesis and Hemolytic Activity of Bile Acid-Indole Bioconjugates Linked by Triazole. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16719-16734. [PMID: 38059841 PMCID: PMC10729025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
New formyl and acetyl derivatives of bile acid propargyl esters and their bioconjugates with modified gramine molecules have been obtained using the click chemistry method to study their hemolytic potency. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by spectral (1H- and 13C NMR and FT-IR) analysis and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as PM5 semiempirical methods. According to the results, the structural modification of formyl and acetyl bile acid derivatives, leading to the formation of new propargyl esters and indole bioconjugates, reduces their hemolytic activity. According to molecular docking studies, the tested ligands are highly likely to exhibit a similar affinity, as native ligands, for the active sites of specific protein domains (PDB IDs: 2Q85 and 5V5Z). The obtained results may be helpful for the development of selective bile acid bioconjugates as effective antibacterial, antifungal, or antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Berdzik
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Koenig
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Nowak
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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11
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Nuti F, Larregola M, Staśkiewicz A, Retzl B, Tomašević N, Macchia L, Street ME, Jewgiński M, Lequin O, Latajka R, Rovero P, Gruber CW, Chorev M, Papini AM. Design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of Cα 1-to-Cα 6 1,4- and 4,1-disubstituted 1 H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-bridged oxytocin analogues. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2254019. [PMID: 37735942 PMCID: PMC10519257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2254019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone containing a disulphide-bridged pseudocyclic conformation. The biomedical use of OT peptides is limited amongst others by disadvantageous pharmacokinetic parameters. To increase the stability of OT by replacing the disulphide bridge with the stable and more rigid [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl moiety, we employed the Cu2+-catalysed side chain-to-side chain azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition. Here we report the design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and in vitro pharmacological activity of a homologous series of Cα1-to-Cα6 side chain-to-side chain [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-containing OT analogues differing in the length of the bridge, location, and orientation of the linking moiety. Exploiting this macrocyclisation approach, it was possible to generate a systematic series of compounds providing interesting insight into the structure-conformation-function relationship of OT. Most analogues were able to adopt similar conformation to endogenous OT in water, namely, a type I β-turn. This approach may in the future generate stabilised pharmacological peptide tools to advance understanding of OT physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nuti
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maud Larregola
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy Pontoise and Paris Saclay Université, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Macchia
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria E. Street
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma e Clinica Pediatrica, AOU di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Chorev
- Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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12
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Hajdaś G, Kawka A, Koenig H, Kułaga D, Sosnowska K, Mrówczyńska L, Pospieszny T. Click chemistry as a method for the synthesis of steroid bioconjugates of bile acids derivatives and sterols. Steroids 2023; 199:109282. [PMID: 37482327 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Six steroid conjugates of bile acids and sterol derivatives have been synthesized using the click chemistry method. The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition of the propionyl ester of lithocholic, deoxycholic and cholic acid with azide derivatives of cholesterol and cholestanol gave new bile acid-sterol conjugates linked with a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Previously, sterols were converted to bromoacetate substituted derivatives by reaction with bromoacetic acid bromide in anhydrous dichloromethane. These compounds were then converted to azide derivatives using sodium azide. The propiolic esters of lithocholic, deoxycholic and cholic acids were obtained by reaction with propiolic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Additionally, two of these steroids: methyl 3α-propynoyloxy-12α-acetoxy-5β-cholane-24-oate and methyl 3α-propynoyloxy-7 α,12α-diacetoxy-5β-cholane-24-oate were also obtained and characterized for the first time. All conjugates were obtained in good yields using an efficient synthesis method. The structures of all conjugates and the four substrates were confirmed by spectral (1H- and 13C NMR, FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and PM5 semiempirical methods. The pharmacotherapeutic potential of the synthesized compounds was estimated based on the in silico Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) method. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was in vitro evaluated in a hemolytic assay using human erythrocytes as a cell model. The in silico and in vitro study results indicate that the selected compound possesses an interesting biological activity and can be considered as potential drug design agent. Additionally, molecular docking was performed for the selected conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Hajdaś
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kawka
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Koenig
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Damian Kułaga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pospieszny
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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13
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Fu XK, Han SQ, Ha W, Shi YP. Click Chemoselective Probe with a Photoswitchable Handle for Highly Sensitive Determination of Steroid Hormones in Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14814-14824. [PMID: 37782472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Residues of endocrine disrupting steroid hormones in food might cause various diseases like cardiovascular diseases and breast and prostate cancers. Monitoring steroid hormone levels plays a vital role in ensuring food safety and exploring the pathogenic mechanism of steroid hormone-related diseases. Based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction, a novel chemoselective probe, Azo-N3, which contains a reactive site N3, an imidazolium salt-based MS tag, and an azobenzene-based photoswitchable handle, was designed and synthesized to label ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones. The probe Azo-N3 was applied for the highly selective and sensitive detection of four ethynyl-bearing steroid hormones in food samples (milk, egg, and pork) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The ionization efficiency of the labeled analytes could be increased by 6-105-fold, and such a labeled method exhibited satisfactory detection limits (0.04-0.2 μg/L), recovery (80.6-122.4%), and precision (RSDs% lower than 6.9%). Interestingly, the efficient immobilization of the probe Azo-N3 onto α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)-modified magnetic particles to construct a solid supported chemoselective probe Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 and UV light-controlled release of the labeled analytes from a magnetic support can be achieved by taking advantage of the photoswitched host-guest inclusion between the azobenzene unit and α-CD. The potential applications of Fe3O4-CD-Azo-N3 for labeling, capturing, and the photocontrolled release of the labeled steroid hormones were fully investigated by mass spectrometry imaging analysis. This work not only provides a sensitive and accurate method to detect steroid hormones in food but also opens a new avenue in designing solid supported chemoselective probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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14
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Xiao W, Chen Y, Zhang J, Guo Z, Hu Y, Yang F, Wang C. A Simplified and Ultrafast Pipeline for Site-Specific Quantitative Chemical Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3360-3367. [PMID: 37676756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based proteome profiling (ABPP) is a powerful chemoproteomic technology for global profiling of protein activity and modifications. The tandem orthogonal proteolysis-ABPP (TOP-ABPP) strategy utilizes a clickable enrichment tag with cleavable linkers to enable direct identification of probe-labeled residue sites within the target proteins. However, such a site-specific chemoproteomic workflow requires a long operation time and complex sample preparation procedures, limiting its wide applications. In the current study, we developed a simplified and ultrafast peptide enrichment and release TOP-ABPP ("superTOP-ABPP") pipeline for site-specific quantitative chemoproteomic analysis with special agarose resins that are functionalized with azide groups and acid-cleavable linkers. The azide groups allow enrichment of peptides that are labeled by the alkynyl probe through a one-step click reaction, which can be conveniently released by acid cleavage for subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis. In comparison with the traditional TOP-ABPP method, superTOP-ABPP cuts down the averaged sample preparation time from 25 to 9 h, and significantly improves the sensitivity and coverage of site-specific cysteinome profiling. The method can also be seamlessly integrated with reductive dimethylation to enable quantitative chemoproteomic analysis with a high accuracy. The simplified and ultrafast superTOP-ABPP will become a valuable tool for site-specific quantitative chemoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Xiao
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yihao Hu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Fan Y, Zhang Y, Sheng L, Chen D, Ma Y, Zhao C, Yang W. UV-Induced Thiol-Ene "Click" Surface Grafting Polymerization on BOPP Substrate and Its Postmodifying for Hydrophilic and Antibacterial Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13908-13920. [PMID: 37737879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed a novel and versatile surface modification route by integrating UV light-mediated thiol-ene "click" surface grafting polymerization and postmodification via the reactions of the surface thiol groups. At first, poly(thiol ether) layers with tunable thiol group density, up to 8.2 × 102 ea/nm3 for cross-linked grafting layers, were grafted from biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film. Then, the surface -SH groups reacted with epoxy compounds to introduce quaternary ammonium salt. With the immobilized quaternary ammonium salt and coordinated Zn2+ ions, the modified film demonstrated 99.98% antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureusafter soaking in DI water for 21 days and in a highly alkaline environment (0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution) for 3 days, and the surface water contact angle decreased to 39°. At last, the polymethacrylate chains were also successfully grafted from the surface thiol groups of the cross-linked poly(thiol ether) under visible light irradiation. With 2-(dimethyldodecylammonium) ethyl methacrylate as the grafting monomer, the modified BOPP film had shown a 99.99% antibacterial rate against both Escherichia coliand S. aureus. Meanwhile, with 2-methacryloxyethyl phosphoryl choline as grafting monomer, the modified surface showed an excellent antibioadhesion of living S. aureus, and the surface water contact angle was as low as 48°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Fan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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16
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Guarrochena X, Kaudela B, Mindt TL. Automated solid-phase synthesis of metabolically stabilized triazolo-peptidomimetics. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3488. [PMID: 36912359 PMCID: PMC10909554 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as trans-amide bond surrogates has become an important tool for the synthesis of metabolically stabilized peptidomimetics. These heterocyclic bioisosters are generally incorporated into the peptide backbone by applying a diazo-transfer reaction followed by CuAAC (click chemistry) with an α-amino alkyne. Even though the manual synthesis of backbone-modified triazolo-peptidomimetics has been reported by us and others, no procedure has yet been described for an automated synthesis using peptide synthesizers. In order to efficiently adapt these reactions to an automated setup, different conditions were explored, putting special emphasis on the required long-term stability of both the diazo-transfer reagent and the Cu(I) catalyst in solution. ISA·HCl is the reagent of choice to accomplish the diazo-transfer reaction; however, it was found instable in DMF, the most commonly used solvent for SPPS. Thus, an aqueous solution of ISA·HCl was used to prevent its degradation over time, and the composition in the final diazo-transfer reaction was adjusted to preserve suitable swelling conditions of the resins applied. The CuAAC reaction was performed without difficulties using [Cu (CH3 CN)4 ]PF6 as a catalyst and TBTA as a stabilizer to prevent oxidation to Cu(II). The optimized automated two-step procedure was applied to the synthesis of structurally diverse triazolo-peptidomimetics to demonstrate the versatility of the developed methodology. Under the optimized conditions, five triazolo-peptidomimetics (8-5 amino acid residues) were synthesized efficiently using two different resins. Analysis of the crude products by HPLC-MS revealed moderate to good purities of the desired triazolo-peptidomimetics (70-85%). The synthesis time ranged between 9 and 12.5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Guarrochena
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Doctoral School in ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied DiagnosticsAKH Wien c/o Sekretariat NuklearmedizinViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry FacilityUniversity of Vienna, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Kaudela
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Doctoral School in ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied DiagnosticsAKH Wien c/o Sekretariat NuklearmedizinViennaAustria
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied DiagnosticsAKH Wien c/o Sekretariat NuklearmedizinViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry FacilityUniversity of Vienna, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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17
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Seiler T, Lennartz A, Klein K, Hommel K, Figueroa Bietti A, Hadrovic I, Kollenda S, Sager J, Beuck C, Chlosta E, Bayer P, Juul-Madsen K, Vorup-Jensen T, Schrader T, Epple M, Knauer SK, Hartmann L. Potentiating Tweezer Affinity to a Protein Interface with Sequence-Defined Macromolecules on Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3666-3679. [PMID: 37507377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a well-known member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is upregulated in many cancer cells, which is associated with resistance to chemotherapy. To circumvent this, inhibitors are currently being developed to interfere with the nuclear export of survivin by targeting its protein-protein interaction (PPI) with the export receptor CRM1. Here, we combine for the first time a supramolecular tweezer motif, sequence-defined macromolecular scaffolds, and ultrasmall Au nanoparticles (us-AuNPs) to tailor a high avidity inhibitor targeting the survivin-CRM1 interaction. A series of biophysical and biochemical experiments, including surface plasmon resonance measurements and their multivalent evaluation by EVILFIT, reveal that for divalent macromolecular constructs with increasing linker distance, the longest linkers show superior affinity, slower dissociation, as well as more efficient PPI inhibition. As a drawback, these macromolecular tweezer conjugates do not enter cells, a critical feature for potential applications. The problem is solved by immobilizing the tweezer conjugates onto us-AuNPs, which enables efficient transport into HeLa cells. On the nanoparticles, the tweezer valency rises from 2 to 16 and produces a 100-fold avidity increase. The hierarchical combination of different scaffolds and controlled multivalent presentation of supramolecular binders was the key to the development of highly efficient survivin-CRM1 competitors. This concept may also be useful for other PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Seiler
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Annika Lennartz
- Department for Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Kai Klein
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Katrin Hommel
- Department for Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Antonio Figueroa Bietti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Inesa Hadrovic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kollenda
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jonas Sager
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Emilia Chlosta
- Department for Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building (1115), Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Skou Building (1115), Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department for Molecular Biology II, Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
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18
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Ahmad MG, Balamurali MM, Chanda K. Click-derived multifunctional metal complexes for diverse applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5051-5087. [PMID: 37431583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00343d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The Click reaction that involves Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) serves as the most potent and highly dependable tool for the development of many complex architectures. It has paved the way for the synthesis of numerous drug molecules with enhanced synthetic flexibility, reliability, specificity and modularity. It is all about bringing two different molecular entities together to achieve the required molecular properties. The utilization of Click chemistry has been well demonstrated in organic synthesis, particularly in reactions that involve biocompatible precursors. In pharmaceutical research, Click chemistry is extensively utilized for drug delivery applications. The exhibited bio-compatibility and dormancy towards other biological components under cellular environments makes Click chemistry an identified boon in bio-medical research. In this review, various click-derived transition metal complexes are discussed in terms of their applications and uniqueness. The scope of this chemistry towards other streams of applied sciences is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Gulzar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M M Balamurali
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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19
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Liu D, Yang X, Wang B. Sensing a CO-Releasing Molecule (CORM) Does Not Equate to Sensing CO: The Case of DPHP and CORM-3. Anal Chem 2023; 95:9083-9089. [PMID: 37263968 PMCID: PMC10267888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous signaling molecule with demonstrated pharmacological effects. For studying CO biology, there is a need for sensitive and selective fluorescent probes for CO as research tools. In developing such probes, CO gas and/or commercially available metal-carbonyl-based "CO-releasing molecules" (CORMs) have been used as CO sources. However, new findings are steadily emerging that some of these commonly used CORMs do not release CO reliably in buffers commonly used for studying such CO probes and have very pronounced chemical reactivities of their own, which could lead to the erroneous identification of "CO probes" that merely detect the CORM used, not CO. This is especially true when the CO-sensing mechanism relies on chemistry that is not firmly established otherwise. Cu2+ can quench the fluorescence of an imine-based fluorophore, DPHP, presumably through complexation. The Cu2+-quenched fluorescence was restored through the addition of CORM-3, a Ru-based CORM. This approach was reported as a new "strategy for detecting carbon monoxide" with the proposed mechanism being dependent on CO reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+ under near-physiological conditions ( Anal. Chem. 2022, 94, 11298-11306). The study only used CORM-3 as the source of CO. CORM-3 has been reported to have very pronounced redox reactivity and is known not to release CO in an aqueous solution unless in the presence of a strong nucleophile. To assess whether the fluorescent response of the DPHP-Cu(II) cocktail to CORM-3 was truly through detecting CO, we report experiments using both pure CO and CORM-3. We confirm the reported DPHP-Cu(II) response to CORM-3 but not pure CO gas. Further, we did not observe the stated selectivity of DPHP for CO over sulfide species. Along this line, we also found that a reducing agent such as ascorbate was able to induce the same fluorescent turn-on as CORM-3 did. As such, the DPHP-Cu(II) system is not a CO probe and cannot be used to study CO biology. Corollary to this finding, it is critical that future work in developing CO probes uses more than a chemically reactive "CO donor" as the CO source. Especially important will be to confirm the ability of the "CO probe" to detect CO using pure CO gas or another source of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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20
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Ji J, Ma S, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Tong Y, You Q, Jiang Z. ARE-PROTACs Enable Co-degradation of an Nrf2-MafG Heterodimer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6070-6081. [PMID: 36892138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has emerged as a potential strategy to degrade "undruggable" proteins in recent years. Nrf2, an aberrantly activated transcription factor in cancer, is generally considered undruggable as lacking active sites or allosteric pockets. Here, we constructed the chimeric molecule C2, which consists of an Nrf2-binding element and a CRBN ligand, as a first-in-class Nrf2 degrader. Surprisingly, C2 was found to selectively degrade an Nrf2-MafG heterodimer simultaneously via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. C2 impeded Nrf2-ARE transcriptional activity significantly and improved the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to ferroptosis and therapeutic drugs. The degradation character of ARE-PROTACs suggests that the PROTAC hijacking the transcription element of TFs could achieve co-degradation of the transcription complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianai Ji
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sinan Ma
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinglong Zhao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Mazumder K, Komber H, Bittrich E, Voit B, Banerjee S. Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,2,3‐triazole)s with inherent high sulfur content for optical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Mazumder
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Dresden Germany
- Chair Organic Chemistry of Polymers Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
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22
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Qiu X, Brückel J, Zippel C, Nieger M, Biedermann F, Bräse S. Tris(4-azidophenyl)methanol - a novel and multifunctional thiol protecting group. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2483-2486. [PMID: 36741178 PMCID: PMC9844210 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel tris(4-azidophenyl)methanol, a multifunctionalisable aryl azide, is reported. The aryl azide can be used as a protecting group for thiols in peptoid synthesis and can be cleaved under mild reaction conditions via a Staudinger reduction. Moreover, the easily accessible aryl azide can be functionalised via copper-catalysed cycloaddition reactions, providing additional opportunities for materials chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131 KarlsruheGermany(+49)-721-6084-2903
| | - Julian Brückel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131 KarlsruheGermany(+49)-721-6084-2903
| | - Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131 KarlsruheGermany(+49)-721-6084-2903
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of HelsinkiP. O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1)00014Finland
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131 KarlsruheGermany(+49)-721-6084-2903,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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23
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Agger JW, Zeuner B. Bio-based surfactants: enzymatic functionalization and production from renewable resources. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102842. [PMID: 36371893 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based surfactants produced from renewable resources are increasing in market demand. In this review, we focus on enzymatic functionalization and coupling of carbohydrate-based heads to fatty aliphatic chains as tails for the synthesis of bio-based surfactants. We point to concrete examples of how transferase, lipase, and glycoside hydrolase-catalyzed esterification or glycoside formation can link a variety of mono- and oligosaccharides with fatty acids. Similarly, enzymatic reductive amination also leads to coupling. Another approach for surfactant synthesis is enzymatic carbohydrate functionalization before click chemistry coupling, and here LPMOs, oxidases, and dehydrogenases are relevant. C6 or C1-oxidizing activities are particularly important for converting nonionic surfactants into highly demanded anionic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane W Agger
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Zeuner
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Białas N, Sokolova V, van der Meer SB, Knuschke T, Ruks T, Klein K, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Bacteria (
E. coli
) take up ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) as shown by different optical microscopic techniques (CLSM, SIM, STORM). NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nataniel Białas
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Selina Beatrice van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Torben Knuschke
- Infection Immunology Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Tatjana Ruks
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Kai Klein
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Infection Immunology Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital Essen University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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25
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Felix AS, Quillin AL, Mousavi S, Heemstra JM. Harnessing Nature's Molecular Recognition Capabilities to Map and Study RNA Modifications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2271-2279. [PMID: 35900335 PMCID: PMC9388579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA editing or "epitranscriptomic modification" refers to the processing of RNA that occurs after transcription to alter the sequence or structure of the nucleic acid. These chemical alterations can be found on either the ribose sugar or the nucleobase, and although many are "silent" and do not change the Watson-Crick-Franklin code of the RNA, others result in recoding events. More than 170 RNA modifications have been identified so far, each having a specific biological purpose. Additionally, dysregulated RNA editing has been linked to several types of diseases and disorders. As new modifications are discovered and our understanding of their functional impact grows, so does the need for selective methods of identifying and mapping editing sites in the transcriptome.The most common methods for studying RNA modifications rely on antibodies as affinity reagents; however, antibodies can be difficult to generate and often have undesirable off-target binding. More recently, selective chemical labeling has advanced the field by offering techniques that can be used for the detection, enrichment, and quantification of RNA modifications. In our method using acrylamide for inosine labeling, we demonstrated the versatility with which this approach enables pull-down or downstream functionalization with other tags or affinity handles. Although this method did enable the quantitative analysis of A-to-I editing levels, we found that selectivity posed a significant limitation, likely because of the similar reactivity profiles of inosine and pseudouridine or other nucleobases.Seeking to overcome the inherent limitations of antibodies and chemical labeling methods, a more recent approach to studying the epitranscriptome is through the repurposing of proteins and enzymes that recognize modified RNA. Our laboratory has used Endonuclease V, a repair enzyme that cleaves inosine-containing RNAs, and reprogrammed it to instead bind inosine. We first harnessed EndoV to develop a preparative technique for RNA sequencing that we termed EndoVIPER-seq. This method uses EndoV to enrich inosine-edited RNAs, providing better coverage in RNA sequencing and leading to the discovery of previously undetected A-to-I editing sites. We also leveraged EndoV to create a plate-based immunoassay (EndoVLISA) to quantify inosine in cellular RNA. This approach can detect differential A-to-I editing levels across tissue types or disease states while being independent of RNA sequencing, making it cost-effective and high-throughput. By harnessing the molecular recognition capabilities of this enzyme, we show that EndoV can be repurposed as an "anti-inosine antibody" to develop new methods of detecting and enriching inosine from cellular RNA.Nature has evolved a plethora of proteins and enzymes that selectively recognize and act on RNA modifications, and exploiting the affinity of these biomolecules offers a promising new direction for the field of epitranscriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley S. Felix
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexandria L. Quillin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Shikufa Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Heemstra
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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26
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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27
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Asadizadeh S, Sohrabi M, Mereiter K, Farrokhpour H, Meghdadi S, Amirnasr M. Novel octanuclear copper(I) clusters [Cu8{(N)-(μ4-S)}4(μ3-I)2I2(PPh3)2] produced via reductive S-S bond cleavage of disulfide Schiff base ligands and their use as efficient heterogeneous catalysts in CuAAC click reaction. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Héron J, Balcells D. Concerted Cycloaddition Mechanism in the CuAAC Reaction Catalyzed by 1,8-Naphthyridine Dicopper Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Héron
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
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29
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Bisht H, Jeong J, Hong Y, Park S, Hong D. Development of Universal and Clickable Film by Mimicking Melanogenesis: On-Demand Oxidation of Tyrosine-Based Azido Derivative by Tyrosinase. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200089. [PMID: 35332614 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a tyrosine-based azido derivative (TBAD) that permits both substrate-independent surface coating and clickable film functionalization by mimicking natural melanogenesis. In contrast to catechol derivatives, which are generally susceptible to oxidation by air under ambient conditions, the monophenol-based TBAD remains stable under alkaline and neutral conditions, and is activated to oxidized quinone in situ by tyrosinase to initiate melanin-like polymerization. The resulting poly(TBAD) film can be formed on various substrates including noble metals, metal oxides, and synthetic polymers, which can undergo click reaction with terminal alkyne moieties on the entire surface or a specific region through Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The enzyme-mediated coating can rapidly form thin films (∼10 nm) and produce a uniform film morphology, which are important aspects in surface chemistry. This on-demand, clickable coating may become a significant tool for bioconjugation, soft lithography, and labeling techniques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Yubin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Suho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Daewha Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
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30
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Akhdar A, Faure S, Gautier A. Arylopeptoid oligomers functionalised by combinatorial or sequential on-resin click chemistry using a copper(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2402-2406. [PMID: 35262543 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient on-resin click chemistry protocol using a stable copper(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst is developed for post-functionalization of N-alkylated aminomethylbenzamide oligomers (arylopeptoids). The accessibility to a panel of polyfunctionalized N-substituted aromatic oligoamides by solid-phase synthesis is demonstrated using combinatorial and sequential approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Akhdar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Faure
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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31
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Shahrokhinia A, Rijal S, Sonmez Baghirzade B, Scanga RA, Biswas P, Tafazoli S, Apul OG, Reuther JF. Chain Extensions in PhotoATRP-Induced Self-Assembly (PhotoATR-PISA): A Route to Ultrahigh Solids Concentrations and Click Nanoparticle Networks as Adsorbents for Water Treatment. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Sahaj Rijal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Busra Sonmez Baghirzade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Randall A. Scanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Shayesteh Tafazoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Onur G. Apul
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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32
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Arbour CA, Imperiali B. Backbone-Anchoring, Solid-Phase Synthesis Strategy To Access a Library of Peptidouridine-Containing Small Molecules. Org Lett 2022; 24:2170-2174. [PMID: 35271284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) substrates provide the inspiration for nucleoside analogue inhibitor scaffolds. By employing solid-phase synthesis, we provide a method to access a library of peptidouridine inhibitors with both minimal compound handling and purification steps. Specifically, this strategy is exemplified by generating uridine diphosphate sugar (UDP-sugar) mimics, which allow for compound elaboration by altering the dipeptide composition, the N-terminal linkage, and a pendant aryl group. To exemplify the versatility, 41 unique nucleoside analogues are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Recent Advances in Copper-Based Solid Heterogeneous Catalysts for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042383. [PMID: 35216495 PMCID: PMC8874673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is considered to be the most representative ligation process within the context of the “click chemistry” concept. This CuAAC reaction, which yields compounds containing a 1,2,3-triazole core, has become relevant in the construction of biologically complex systems, bioconjugation strategies, and supramolecular and material sciences. Although many CuAAC reactions are performed under homogenous conditions, heterogenous copper-based catalytic systems are gaining exponential interest, relying on the easy removal, recovery, and reusability of catalytically copper species. The present review covers the most recently developed copper-containing heterogenous solid catalytic systems that use solid inorganic/organic hybrid supports, and which have been used in promoting CuAAC reactions. Due to the demand for 1,2,3-triazoles as non-classical bioisosteres and as framework-based drugs, the CuAAC reaction promoted by solid heterogenous catalysts has greatly improved the recovery and removal of copper species, usually by simple filtration. In so doing, the solving of the toxicity issue regarding copper particles in compounds of biological interest has been achieved. This protocol is also expected to produce a practical chemical process for accessing such compounds on an industrial scale.
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34
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Mueller E, Poulin I, Bodnaryk WJ, Hoare T. Click Chemistry Hydrogels for Extrusion Bioprinting: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:619-640. [PMID: 34989569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of 3D bioprinting has allowed a variety of hydrogel-based "bioinks" to be printed in the presence of cells to create precisely defined cell-loaded 3D scaffolds in a single step for advancing tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine. While existing bioinks based primarily on ionic cross-linking, photo-cross-linking, or thermogelation have significantly advanced the field, they offer technical limitations in terms of the mechanics, degradation rates, and the cell viabilities achievable with the printed scaffolds, particularly in terms of aiming to match the wide range of mechanics and cellular microenvironments. Click chemistry offers an appealing solution to this challenge given that proper selection of the chemistry can enable precise tuning of both the gelation rate and the degradation rate, both key to successful tissue regeneration; simultaneously, the often bio-orthogonal nature of click chemistry is beneficial to maintain high cell viabilities within the scaffolds. However, to date, relatively few examples of 3D-printed click chemistry hydrogels have been reported, mostly due to the technical challenges of controlling mixing during the printing process to generate high-fidelity prints without clogging the printer. This review aims to showcase existing cross-linking modalities, characterize the advantages and disadvantages of different click chemistries reported, highlight current examples of click chemistry hydrogel bioinks, and discuss the design of mixing strategies to enable effective 3D extrusion bioprinting of click hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mueller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Poulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - William James Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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35
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Patle RY, Meshram JS. The advanced synthetic modifications and applications of multifunctional PAMAM dendritic composites. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The profound advances in dendrimer chemistry have led to new horizons in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Y. Patle
- Mahatma Gandhi College of Science Gadchandur, Chandrapur, (M.S.)-442908, India
- PGTD Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, (M.S.)-440033, India
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36
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Veerakumar P, Velusamy N, Thanasekaran P, Lin KC, Rajagopal S. Copper supported silica-based nanocatalysts for CuAAC and cross-coupling reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in Cu/SiO2-based heterogeneous catalysts for click reaction, C–N, C–S, and C–O coupling reactions are reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaimani Veerakumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nithya Velusamy
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - King-Chuen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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37
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Hinson CM, Bardo AM, Shannon CE, Rivera S, Swaminathan J, Marcotte EM, Anslyn EV. Studies of Surface Preparation for the Fluorosequencing of Peptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14856-14865. [PMID: 34904833 PMCID: PMC8982273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silica passivating agents have shown great success in minimizing nonspecific protein binding to glass surfaces for imaging and microscopy applications. Amine-derivatized surfaces are commonly used in conjugation with amide coupling agents to immobilize peptides/proteins through C-terminal or side-chain carboxylic acids. In the case of the single-molecule fluorosequencing of peptides, attachment occurs via the C-terminus and nonspecific surface binding has previously been a source of error in peptide identification. Here, we employ fluorosequencing as a high-throughput, single-molecule sensitivity assay to identify and quantify the extent of nonspecific binding of peptides to amine-derivatized surfaces. We show that there is little improvement when using common passivating agents in combination with the surface derivatizing agent 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) to couple the peptides to the modified surface. Furthermore, many xanthene fluorophores have carboxylic acids in the appended phenyl ring at positions ortho and meta or ortho and para, and the literature shows that conjugation through the ortho position is not favored. Because xanthene-derived fluorophores are commonly used for single-molecule applications, we devised a novel assay to probe the conjugation of peptides via their fluorophores relative to their C-termini on silane-derivatized surfaces. We find significant attachment to the ortho position, which is a warning to those attempting to immobilize fluorophore-labeled peptides to silica surfaces via amide coupling agents. However, eliminating all amines on the surface by switching to 3-azidopropyl-triethoxysilane (AzTES) for coupling via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and omitting additional passivation agents allowed us to achieve a high level of C-terminally bound peptides relative to nonspecifically or ortho-phenyl-bound, fluorophore-labeled peptides. This strategy substantially improves the specificity of peptide immobilization for single-molecule fluorosequencing experiments.
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Karlsen EA, Stensen W, Juskewitz E, Svenson J, Berglin M, Svendsen JSM. Anti-Colonization Effect of Au Surfaces with Self-Assembled Molecular Monolayers Functionalized with Antimicrobial Peptides on S. epidermidis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1516. [PMID: 34943728 PMCID: PMC8698454 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical devices with an effective anti-colonization surface are important tools for combatting healthcare-associated infections. Here, we investigated the anti-colonization efficacy of antimicrobial peptides covalently attached to a gold model surface. The gold surface was modified by a self-assembled polyethylene glycol monolayer with an acetylene terminus. The peptides were covalently connected to the surface through a copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide-acetylene coupling (CuAAC). The anti-colonization efficacy of the surfaces varied as a function of the antimicrobial activity of the peptides, and very effective surfaces could be prepared with a 6 log unit reduction in bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskil André Karlsen
- Amicoat AS, Sykehusvegen 23, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (E.A.K.); (W.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Wenche Stensen
- Amicoat AS, Sykehusvegen 23, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (E.A.K.); (W.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Juskewitz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Johan Svenson
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Brinellgatan 4, 504 62 Borås, Sweden; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattias Berglin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Brinellgatan 4, 504 62 Borås, Sweden; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - John Sigurd Mjøen Svendsen
- Amicoat AS, Sykehusvegen 23, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (E.A.K.); (W.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Khatua M, Goswami B, Kamal, Samanta S. Azide-Alkyne "Click" Reaction in Water Using Parts-Per-Million Amine-Functionalized Azoaromatic Cu(I) Complex as Catalyst: Effect of the Amine Side Arm. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17537-17554. [PMID: 34806366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes, 1-4 and 6, were synthesized through a reaction of amine-functionalized pincer-like ligands, HL1,2, La,b, and a bidentate ligand L1 with CuCl2·2H2O. The chemical reduction of complex 1 using 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate resulted in a dimeric Cu(I) complex 5 in excellent yield. All of the complexes, 1-6, were thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical characterization techniques, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, and density functional theory calculations. Ligands HL1,2 and La,b behaved as tridentated donors by the coordination of the amine side arm in their respective Cu(II) complexes, and the amine side arm remained as a pendant in Cu(I) complexes. All of these complexes (1-6) were explored for copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction at room temperature in water under air. Complex 5 directly served as an active catalyst; however, complexes 1-4 and 6 required 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate to generate their corresponding active Cu(I) catalyst. It has been observed that azo-based ligand-containing Cu(I)-complexes are air-stable and were highly efficient for the CuAAC reaction. The amine side arm in the ligand backbone has a dramatic role in accelerating the reaction rate. Mechanistic investigations showed that the alkyne C-H deprotonation was the rate-limiting step and the pendant amine side arm intramolecularly served as a base for Cu-coordinated alkyne deprotonation, leading to the azide-alkyne 2 + 3 cycloaddition reaction. Thus, variation of the amine side arm in complexes 1-4 and use of the most basic diisopropyl amine moiety in complex 4 has resulted in an unique amine-functionalized azoaromatic Cu(I) system for CuAAC reaction upon sodium l-ascorbate reduction. The complex 4 has shown excellent catalysis at its low parts-per-million level loading in water. The catalytic protocol was versatile and exhibited very good functional group tolerance. It was also employed efficiently to synthesize a number of useful functional triazoles having medicinal, catalytic, and targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Bappaditya Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
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40
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Kuhlmann JE, Liu SSY, Dirnberger K, Zharnikov M, Ludwigs S. Electrochemical Characterization of Redox Probes Confined in 3D Conducting Polymer Networks. Chemistry 2021; 27:17255-17263. [PMID: 34820924 PMCID: PMC9298994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we present a versatile platform for introducing functional redox species into tailor‐made 3D redox polymer networks. Electrochemical characterization based on cyclic voltammetry is applied to verify the immobilization of the redox species within the conducting networks. Ultimately this strategy shall be extended to (photo)electrocatalytic applications which will profit from the conducting polymer matrix. Soluble precursor copolymers are synthesized via radical copolymerization of vinyltriphenylamine (VTPA) with chloromethylstyrene (CMS) in different ratios, whereas CMS is subsequently converted into azidomethylstyrene (AMS) to yield poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) copolymers. Spin‐coating of poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) on gold electrodes yields thin films which are converted into stable polymer network structures by electrochemical crosslinking of the polymer chains via their pendant triphenylamine groups to yield N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) crosslinking points. Finally, the resulting redox‐active, TPB‐crosslinked films are functionalized with ethynylferrocene (EFc) as a representative redox probe using a click reaction. Main experimental tools are polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry. Especially the latter proves the successful conversion and the immobilization of redox probes in the polymer matrix. The results are compared with the reference system of azide‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers on gold substrates, allowing to distinguish between free and immobilized EFc species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen E Kuhlmann
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sherri S Y Liu
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Dirnberger
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC - Functional Polymers, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Henwood AF, Hegarty IN, McCarney EP, Lovitt JI, Donohoe S, Gunnlaugsson T. Recent advances in the development of the btp motif: A versatile terdentate coordination ligand for applications in supramolecular self-assembly, cation and anion recognition chemistries. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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42
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Piersimoni L, Kastritis PL, Arlt C, Sinz A. Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry for Investigating Protein Conformations and Protein-Protein Interactions─A Method for All Seasons. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7500-7531. [PMID: 34797068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become one of the key technologies of structural biology. In this review, the contributions of chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) for studying three-dimensional structures of proteins and for investigating protein-protein interactions are outlined. We summarize the most important cross-linking reagents, software tools, and XL-MS workflows and highlight prominent examples for characterizing proteins, their assemblies, and interaction networks in vitro and in vivo. Computational modeling plays a crucial role in deriving 3D-structural information from XL-MS data. Integrating XL-MS with other techniques of structural biology, such as cryo-electron microscopy, has been successful in addressing biological questions that to date could not be answered. XL-MS is therefore expected to play an increasingly important role in structural biology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Piersimoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Panagiotis L Kastritis
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3a, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Biozentrum, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Arlt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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43
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Moratille Y, Arshad M, Cohen C, Maali A, Lemaire E, Sintes-Zydowicz N, Drockenmuller E. Cross-linked polymer microparticles with tunable surface properties by the combination of suspension free radical copolymerization and Click chemistry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1687-1698. [PMID: 34598028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a general, versatile and broad in scope two-steps approach for the elaboration of cross-linked polymer microparticles (µPs) with tunable functionalities and surface properties. Surface-functionalized cross-linked polymer µPs with diameter in the 80 μm range are prepared by the combination of: 1) suspension free radical copolymerization of styrene, propargyl methacrylate and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 2) subsequent covalent tethering of a variety of azide-functionalized moieties (i.e. rhodamine B fluorescent dye or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush precursor) by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and, 3) optional N-alkylation of the 1,2,3-triazole groups followed by anion exchange reaction to afford covalently-tethered 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids with iodide or cresol red counter-anions. The resulting µPs are characterized by laser diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as by optical, confocal fluorescence, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. Finally, the rheological properties of concentrated suspensions (volume fractions of 0.40 and 0.44) of the different synthesized µPs dispersed in a 1:1 (vol/vol) mixture of polyalkylene glycol and water are studied. The modification of µPs surface properties contributes not only to change the stability of the suspensions against flocculation, but also to significantly modify their rheological behavior at high shear stresses. This represents a clear experimental evidence of the importance of non-hydrodynamic contact forces in the rheology of non-Brownian suspensions (NBSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanh Moratille
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Celine Cohen
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, InPhyNi-UMR 7010, Nice Cedex 2 06108, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Lemaire
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, InPhyNi-UMR 7010, Nice Cedex 2 06108, France
| | - Nathalie Sintes-Zydowicz
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France.
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France.
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Convertible and Constrained Nucleotides: The 2'-Deoxyribose 5'-C-Functionalization Approach, a French Touch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195925. [PMID: 34641475 PMCID: PMC8512084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many strategies have been developed to modulate the biological or biotechnical properties of oligonucleotides by introducing new chemical functionalities or by enhancing their affinity and specificity while restricting their conformational space. Among them, we review our approach consisting of modifications of the 5’-C-position of the nucleoside sugar. This allows the introduction of an additional chemical handle at any position on the nucleotide chain without disturbing the Watson–Crick base-pairing. We show that 5’-C bromo or propargyl convertible nucleotides (CvN) are accessible in pure diastereoisomeric form, either for nucleophilic displacement or for CuAAC conjugation. Alternatively, the 5’-carbon can be connected in a stereo-controlled manner to the phosphate moiety of the nucleotide chain to generate conformationally constrained nucleotides (CNA). These allow the precise control of the sugar/phosphate backbone torsional angles. The consequent modulation of the nucleic acid shape induces outstanding stabilization properties of duplex or hairpin structures in accordance with the preorganization concept. Some biological applications of these distorted oligonucleotides are also described. Effectively, the convertible and the constrained approaches have been merged to create constrained and convertible nucleotides (C2NA) providing unique tools to functionalize and stabilize nucleic acids.
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45
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Bechtler C, Lamers C. Macrocyclization strategies for cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1325-1351. [PMID: 34447937 PMCID: PMC8372203 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are a growing therapeutic class due to their unique spatial characteristics that can target traditionally "undruggable" protein-protein interactions and surfaces. Despite their advantages, peptides must overcome several key shortcomings to be considered as drug leads, including their high conformational flexibility and susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage. As a general approach for overcoming these challenges, macrocyclization of a linear peptide can usually improve these characteristics. Their synthetic accessibility makes peptide macrocycles very attractive, though traditional synthetic methods for macrocyclization can be challenging for peptides, especially for head-to-tail cyclization. This review provides an updated summary of the available macrocyclization chemistries, such as traditional lactam formation, azide-alkyne cycloadditions, ring-closing metathesis as well as unconventional cyclization reactions, and it is structured according to the obtained functional groups. Keeping peptide chemistry and screening in mind, the focus is given to reactions applicable in solution, on solid supports, and compatible with contemporary screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bechtler
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel Klingelbergstr. 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christina Lamers
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel Klingelbergstr. 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
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Bellavita R, Casciaro B, Di Maro S, Brancaccio D, Carotenuto A, Falanga A, Cappiello F, Buommino E, Galdiero S, Novellino E, Grossmann TN, Mangoni ML, Merlino F, Grieco P. First-in-Class Cyclic Temporin L Analogue: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Assessment. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11675-11694. [PMID: 34296619 PMCID: PMC8389922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive peptides can be modulated by introducing conformational constraints such as intramolecular macrocyclizations, which can involve either the backbone and/or side chains. Herein, we aimed at increasing the α-helicity content of temporin L, an isoform of an intriguing class of linear antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), endowed with a wide antimicrobial spectrum, by the employment of diverse side-chain tethering strategies, including lactam, 1,4-substituted [1,2,3]-triazole, hydrocarbon, and disulfide linkers. Our approach resulted in a library of cyclic temporin L analogues that were biologically assessed for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antibiofilm activities, leading to the development of the first-in-class cyclic peptide related to this AMP family. Our results allowed us to expand the knowledge regarding the relationship between the α-helical character of temporin derivatives and their biological activity, paving the way for the development of improved antibiotic cyclic AMP analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bellavita
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania “Luigi
Vanvitelli”, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department
of Agricultural Sciences, University of
Naples “Federico II”, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Buommino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Naples 80131, Italy
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47
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Garg A, Hazarika R, Dutta N, Dutta B, Sarma D. Bio‐waste Derived Catalytic Approach Towards NH‐1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Garg
- Department of Chemistry Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 Assam India
| | - Roktopol Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 Assam India
| | - Nilakshi Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 Assam India
| | - Bidyutjyoti Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 Assam India
| | - Diganta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh 786004 Assam India
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Baraniak D, Boryski J. Triazole-Modified Nucleic Acids for the Application in Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Biomedicines 2021; 9:628. [PMID: 34073038 PMCID: PMC8229351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers studies which exploit triazole-modified nucleic acids in the range of chemistry and biology to medicine. The 1,2,3-triazole unit, which is obtained via click chemistry approach, shows valuable and unique properties. For example, it does not occur in nature, constitutes an additional pharmacophore with attractive properties being resistant to hydrolysis and other reactions at physiological pH, exhibits biological activity (i.e., antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral), and can be considered as a rigid mimetic of amide linkage. Herein, it is presented a whole area of useful artificial compounds, from the clickable monomers and dimers to modified oligonucleotides, in the field of nucleic acids sciences. Such modifications of internucleotide linkages are designed to increase the hybridization binding affinity toward native DNA or RNA, to enhance resistance to nucleases, and to improve ability to penetrate cell membranes. The insertion of an artificial backbone is used for understanding effects of chemically modified oligonucleotides, and their potential usefulness in therapeutic applications. We describe the state-of-the-art knowledge on their implications for synthetic genes and other large modified DNA and RNA constructs including non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Baraniak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
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Clavé G, Reverte M, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Modified internucleoside linkages for nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:94-150. [PMID: 34458777 PMCID: PMC8341215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, several drugs derived from nucleic acids have been approved for commercialization and many more are in clinical trials. The sensitivity of these molecules to nuclease digestion in vivo implies the need to exploit resistant non-natural nucleotides. Among all the possible modifications, the one concerning the internucleoside linkage is of particular interest. Indeed minor changes to the natural phosphodiester may result in major modifications of the physico-chemical properties of nucleic acids. As this linkage is a key element of nucleic acids' chemical structures, its alteration can strongly modulate the plasma stability, binding properties, solubility, cell penetration and ultimately biological activity of nucleic acids. Over the past few decades, many research groups have provided knowledge about non-natural internucleoside linkage properties and participated in building biologically active nucleic acid derivatives. The recent renewing interest in nucleic acids as drugs, demonstrated by the emergence of new antisense, siRNA, aptamer and cyclic dinucleotide molecules, justifies the review of all these studies in order to provide new perspectives in this field. Thus, in this review we aim at providing the reader insights into modified internucleoside linkages that have been described over the years whose impact on annealing properties and resistance to nucleases have been evaluated in order to assess their potential for biological applications. The syntheses of modified nucleotides as well as the protocols developed for their incorporation within oligonucleotides are described. Given the intended biological applications, the modifications described in the literature that have not been tested for their resistance to nucleases are not reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maeva Reverte
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
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